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Liu Q, Li B, Lu J, Zhang Y, Shang Y, Li Y, Gong T, Zhang C. Recombinant outer membrane vesicles delivering eukaryotic expression plasmid of cytokines act as enhanced adjuvants against Helicobacter pylori infection in mice. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0031323. [PMID: 37889003 PMCID: PMC10652931 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00313-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection remains a great challenge to human health. The existing vaccines are not ideal for preventing H. pylori infection; thus, exploring highly effective adjuvants may improve the immunoprotective efficacy of H. pylori vaccines. In a previous study, we found that the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), a type of nanoscale particle spontaneously produced by Gram-negative bacteria, could act as adjuvants to boost the immune responses to vaccine antigens. In this study, we explored the potential application of OMVs as delivery vectors for adjuvant development. We constructed recombinant OMVs containing eukaryotic expression plasmid of cytokines, including interleukin 17A or interferon-γ, and evaluated their function as adjuvants in combination with inactivated whole-cell vaccine (WCV) or UreB as vaccine antigens. Our results showed that recombinant OMVs as adjuvants could induce stronger humoral and mucosal immune responses in mice than wild-type H. pylori OMVs and the cholera toxin (CT) adjuvant. Additionally, the recombinant OMVs significantly promoted Th1/Th2/Th17-type immune responses. Furthermore, the recombinant OMV adjuvant induced more potent clearance of H. pylori than CT and wild-type OMVs. Our findings suggest that the recombinant OMVs coupled with cytokines may become potent adjuvants for the development of novel and effective vaccines against H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liu
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Medicine, and The Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Biaoxian Li
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Medicine, and The Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiahui Lu
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Medicine, and The Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yejia Zhang
- The Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yinpan Shang
- The Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Li
- The Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tian Gong
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Medicine, and The Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chengsheng Zhang
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Medicine, and The Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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2
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Ansari S, Yamaoka Y. Animal Models and Helicobacter pylori Infection. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113141. [PMID: 35683528 PMCID: PMC9181647 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonize the gastric mucosa of at least half of the world’s population. Persistent infection is associated with the development of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and an increased risk of gastric cancer and gastric-mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. In vivo studies using several animal models have provided crucial evidence for understanding the pathophysiology of H. pylori-associated complications. Numerous animal models, such as Mongolian gerbils, transgenic mouse models, guinea pigs, and other animals, including non-human primates, are being widely used due to their persistent association in causing gastric complications. However, finding suitable animal models for in vivo experimentation to understand the pathophysiology of gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma is a complicated task. In this review, we summarized the most appropriate and latest information in the scientific literature to understand the role and importance of H. pylori infection animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamshul Ansari
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879-5593, Oita, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879-5593, Oita, Japan;
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-97-586-5740
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3
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Pritsch M, Ben Khaled N, Liegl G, Schubert S, Hoelscher M, Woischke C, Arens N, Thorn-Seshold J, Kammermeier S, Wieser A. Rapid prototyping vaccine approach in mice against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative organisms from clinical isolates based on outer membrane vesicles. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 65:214-227. [PMID: 33650163 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hospital-acquired infections due to multi-drug resistant Gram-negative organisms (MDRGNO) pose a major threat to global health. A vaccine preventing colonization and consecutive infection with MDRGNO could be particularly valuable, as therapeutic options become increasingly limited. Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) of Escherichia coli strain CFT073 as well as three MDRGNO strains that had caused severe infections in humans were administered intranasally to mice, with and without cholera toxin as an adjuvant. The humoral immune responses were comparatively matched with the sera of patients, who had suffered an infection caused by the respective bacterium. Additionally, systemic and local toxicity was evaluated. Intranasal vaccination with OMV could elicit solid humoral immune responses (total IgM and IgG), specific for the respective MDRGNO in mice; decoration of vital bacterial membranes with antibodies was comparable to patients who had survived systemic infection with the respective bacterial isolate. After intranasal vaccination of mice with OMV no signs of local or systemic toxicity were observed. Intranasal vaccination with OMV may open up a rapid vaccine approach to prevent colonization and/or infection with pathogenic MDRGNOs, especially in an outbreak setting within a hospital. It may also be an option for patients who have to undergo elective interventions in centers with a high risk of infection for certain common MDRGNO. Future studies need to include challenge experiments as well as phase I trials in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pritsch
- Department of Bacteriology, Max von Pettenkofer-Institute (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,3CIHLMU Center for International Health, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Najib Ben Khaled
- Department of Bacteriology, Max von Pettenkofer-Institute (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Liegl
- Department of Bacteriology, Max von Pettenkofer-Institute (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Soeren Schubert
- Department of Bacteriology, Max von Pettenkofer-Institute (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,3CIHLMU Center for International Health, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Woischke
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie Arens
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Kammermeier
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Department of Bacteriology, Max von Pettenkofer-Institute (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,3CIHLMU Center for International Health, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
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4
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Outer Membrane Vesicle Production by Helicobacter pylori Represents an Approach for the Delivery of Virulence Factors CagA, VacA and UreA into Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma (AGS) Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083942. [PMID: 33920443 PMCID: PMC8069053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is the etiology of several gastric-related diseases including gastric cancer. Cytotoxin associated gene A (CagA), vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) and α-subunit of urease (UreA) are three major virulence factors of H. pylori, and each of them has a distinct entry pathway and pathogenic mechanism during bacterial infection. H. pylori can shed outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Therefore, it would be interesting to explore the production kinetics of H. pylori OMVs and its connection with the entry of key virulence factors into host cells. Here, we isolated OMVs from H. pylori 26,695 strain and characterized their properties and interaction kinetics with human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells. We found that the generation of OMVs and the presence of CagA, VacA and UreA in OMVs were a lasting event throughout different phases of bacterial growth. H. pylori OMVs entered AGS cells mainly through macropinocytosis/phagocytosis. Furthermore, CagA, VacA and UreA could enter AGS cells via OMVs and the treatment with H. pylori OMVs would cause cell death. Comparison of H. pylori 26,695 and clinical strains suggested that the production and characteristics of OMVs are not only limited to laboratory strains commonly in use, but a general phenomenon to most H. pylori strains.
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5
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Immunogenicity of Shigella sonnei outer membrane vesicles extracted in different environmental conditions. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00606-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Helicobacter pylori-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs): Role in Bacterial Pathogenesis? Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091328. [PMID: 32878302 PMCID: PMC7564109 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent infections with the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) have been closely associated with the induction and progression of a wide range of gastric disorders, including acute and chronic gastritis, ulceration in the stomach and duodenum, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma. The pathogenesis of H. pylori is determined by a complicated network of manifold mechanisms of pathogen–host interactions, which involves a coordinated interplay of H. pylori pathogenicity and virulence factors with host cells. While these molecular and cellular mechanisms have been intensively investigated to date, the knowledge about outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from H. pylori and their implication in bacterial pathogenesis is not well developed. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on H. pylori-derived OMVs.
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7
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Liu Q, Li X, Zhang Y, Song Z, Li R, Ruan H, Huang X. Orally-administered outer-membrane vesicles from Helicobacter pylori reduce H. pylori infection via Th2-biased immune responses in mice. Pathog Dis 2020; 77:5567182. [PMID: 31504509 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As the trend of antibiotic resistance has increased, prevention and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection have been challenged by the fact that no vaccines preventing H. pylori infection are available. Scientists continue to make sustained efforts to find better vaccine formulations and adjuvants to eradicate this chronic infection. In this study, we systemically analyzed the protein composition and potential vaccine function of outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from gerbil-adapted H. pylori strain 7.13. In total, we identified 169 proteins in H. pylori OMVs and found that outer-membrane, periplasmic and extracellular proteins (48.9% of the total proteins) were enriched. Furthermore, we evaluated the immune protective response of H. pylori OMVs in a C57BL/6 mouse model, and mice were orally immunized with OMVs or the H. pylori whole cell vaccine (WCV) alone, with or without cholera toxin (CT) as an adjuvant. The data demonstrated that oral immunization with OMVs can elicit a strong humoral and significantly higher mucosal immune response than the group immunized with the WCV plus the CT adjuvant. Moreover, our results also confirmed that OMVs predominantly induced T helper 2 (Th2)-biased immune responses that can significantly reduce bacterial loads after challenging with the H. pylori Sydney Strain 1 (SS1). In summary, OMVs as new antigen candidates in vaccine design would be of great value in controlling H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China, 330006
| | - Xiuzhen Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China, 330006
| | - Yingxuan Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China, 330006
| | - Zifan Song
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China, 330006
| | - Ruizhen Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China, 330006
| | - Huan Ruan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China, 330006
| | - Xiaotian Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China, 330006
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China, 330006
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8
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Turner L, Bitto NJ, Steer DL, Lo C, D'Costa K, Ramm G, Shambrook M, Hill AF, Ferrero RL, Kaparakis-Liaskos M. Helicobacter pylori Outer Membrane Vesicle Size Determines Their Mechanisms of Host Cell Entry and Protein Content. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1466. [PMID: 30013553 PMCID: PMC6036113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative pathogens ubiquitously shed outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that play a central role in initiating and regulating pathogenesis in the host. Due to their highly inflammatory nature, OMVs are extensively being examined for their role in mediating disease in addition to their applications in innovative vaccines. A key mechanism whereby OMVs mediate inflammation and disease progression is dependent on their ability to enter host cells. Currently, the role of OMV size on determining their mechanism of cellular entry and their protein composition remains unknown. In this study, we examined the mechanisms whereby OMV size regulates their mode of entry into epithelial cells, in addition to their protein cargo and composition. We identified that a heterogeneous sized population of Helicobacter pylori OMVs entered epithelial cells via macropinocytosis, clathrin, and caveolin-dependent endocytosis. However, smaller OMVs ranging from 20 to 100 nm in size preferentially entered host cells via caveolin-mediated endocytosis. Whereas larger OMVs ranging between 90 and 450 nm in size entered host epithelial cells via macropinocytosis and endocytosis. Most importantly, we identified the previously unknown contribution that OMV size has on determining their protein content, as fewer and less diverse bacterial proteins were contained within small OMVs compared to larger OMVs. Collectively, these findings identify the importance of OMV size in determining the mechanisms of OMV entry into host cells, in addition to regulating their protein cargo, composition, and subsequent immunogenicity. These findings have significant implications in broadening our understanding of the bacterial regulation of virulence determinants and immunogenic proteins associated with OMVs, their role in mediating pathogenesis and in refining the design and development of OMV-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorinda Turner
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie J Bitto
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Camden Lo
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kimberley D'Costa
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Georg Ramm
- Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mitch Shambrook
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard L Ferrero
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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9
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Choi JW, Um JH, Cho JH, Lee HJ. Tiny RNAs and their voyage via extracellular vesicles: Secretion of bacterial small RNA and eukaryotic microRNA. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1475-1481. [PMID: 28741379 PMCID: PMC5648287 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217723166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that bind to the 3'-untranslated region of target mRNAs and have transcriptional or translational inhibitory function in eukaryotes. Before microRNAs were widely known, bacterial non-coding small RNAs around 50-200 nt in length were discovered whose mechanism of action resembled that of microRNAs. Recently, RNAs that are of similar size to or smaller than microRNAs have been discovered in bacteria and indeed, this class of small RNAs have been found throughout all domains of life. Moreover, recent findings suggest that these tiny RNAs can be released via extracellular vesicles (such as exosomes in eukaryotes and outer membrane vesicles in bacteria), which in turn heralds a new field of research, interkingdom communication. This review discusses two similar classes of small RNAs in evolutionarily distinct eukaryotes and bacteria. In addition to their biogenesis and regulation, we discuss small RNA vehicles and their secretion. Impact statement The possible endogenous functions of small RNAs such as regulatory small RNAs in bacteria and microRNAs in eukaryotes have been extensively studied since they were first discovered. However, their powerful functions should not be seen as limited to their cells of origin. Recently, several papers have demonstrated that small RNAs function as signaling molecules between cells. This is possible because small RNAs can be shuttled around after being incorporated into environmentally protective extracellular vesicles. It is now clearly plausible that secreted small RNAs can regulate other types of cells through biofluids. Given their "common molecule" status, the role of small RNAs in mediating bacteria-human crosstalk is an emerging and competitive area of genetic research. This review provides insight into the function of small RNAs in intercellular and even interkingdom communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Woong Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kyungpook National University School of Dentistry, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Um
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyun Cho
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Heon-Jin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kyungpook National University School of Dentistry, Daegu 41940, Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
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10
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Sam Daliri S, Samadi Kafil H, Aghazadeh M, Fateh A, Yousefi M, Siadat SD. Extraction and Biological Evaluation of the Membrane Vesicles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (CRBIP7.11) as Adjuvant and Vaccine Candidate. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2017; 10. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.39953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
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11
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Zhang R, Peng X, Duan G, Shi Q, Chen S, Wang C, Fan Q, Xi Y. An engineered Lactococcus lactis strain exerts significant immune responses through efficient expression and delivery of Helicobacter pylori Lpp20 antigen. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 38:2169-2175. [PMID: 27646988 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To produce and deliver Helicobacter pylori lipoprotein Lpp20 via using Lactococcus lactis with aim of developing an efficient way to use this protective antigen in vaccine formulation. RESULTS An engineered L. lactis strain carrying the lpp20 gene from H. pylori was constructed. The inducible expression of Lpp20 in L. lactis was detected as a 20 kDa intracellular protein by SDS-PAGE. Lpp20 constituted 10 % of the L. lactis cellular proteins. The expression product was highly immunoreactive, as demonstrated by western blot assays using mouse anti-H. pylori sera. Animal experimentation showed that oral vaccination with the engineered strain excited significantly elevated levels of serum Lpp20-specific IgG antibodies in BALB/c mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This report presents the first efficient expression and delivery of whole Lpp20 protein to the immunization sites by using L. lactis, demonstrating an efficient utilization mode of Lpp20 in anti-H. pylori vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongguang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Henan Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. .,Henan Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Qingfeng Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qingtang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuanlin Xi
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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12
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Salverda MLM, Meinderts SM, Hamstra HJ, Wagemakers A, Hovius JWR, van der Ark A, Stork M, van der Ley P. Surface display of a borrelial lipoprotein on meningococcal outer membrane vesicles. Vaccine 2016; 34:1025-33. [PMID: 26801064 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) are gaining attention as vaccine candidates. The successful expression of heterologous antigens in OMVs, with the OMV functioning both as adjuvant and delivery vehicle, has greatly enhanced their vaccine potential. Since there are indications that surface exposed antigens might induce a superior immune response, targeting of heterologous antigens to the OMV surface is of special interest. Several systems for surface display of heterologous antigens on OMVs have been developed. However, these systems have not been used to display lipidated membrane-associated proteins known as lipoproteins, which are emerging as key targets for protective immunity. We were therefore interested to see whether we could express a foreign lipoprotein on the outer surface of OMVs. When outer surface protein A (OspA), a borrelial surface-exposed lipoprotein, was expressed in meningococci, it was found that although OspA was present in OMVs, it was no longer surface-exposed. Therefore, a set of fusions of OspA to different regions of factor H binding protein (fHbp), a meningococcal surface-exposed lipoprotein, were designed and tested for their surface-exposure. An N-terminal part of fHbp was found to be necessary for the successful surface display of OspA on meningococcal OMVs. When mice were immunized with this set of OMVs, an OspA-specific antibody response was only elicited by OMVs with clearly surface-exposed OspA, strengthening the idea that the exact positioning of an antigen in the OMV affects the immune response. This method for the surface display of heterologous lipoproteins on OMVs is a step forward in the development of OMVs as a vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merijn L M Salverda
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (InTraVacc), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Sanne M Meinderts
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (InTraVacc), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik-Jan Hamstra
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (IIV), National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Wagemakers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joppe W R Hovius
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arno van der Ark
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (InTraVacc), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Stork
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (InTraVacc), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Ley
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (InTraVacc), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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13
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Kulkarni HM, Jagannadham MV. Biogenesis and multifaceted roles of outer membrane vesicles from Gram-negative bacteria. Microbiology (Reading) 2014; 160:2109-2121. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.079400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released from Gram-negative bacteria consist of lipids, proteins, lipopolysaccharides and other molecules. OMVs are associated with several biological functions such as horizontal gene transfer, intracellular and intercellular communication, transfer of contents to host cells, and eliciting an immune response in host cells. Although hypotheses have been made concerning the mechanism of biogenesis of these vesicles, research on OMV formation is far from complete. The roles of outer membrane components, bacterial quorum sensing molecules and some specific proteins in OMV biogenesis have been studied. This review discusses the different models that have been proposed for OMV biogenesis, along with details of the biological functions of OMVs and the likely scope of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heramb M. Kulkarni
- CSIR – Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, India
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14
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Ziegenbalg A, Prados-Rosales R, Jenny-Avital ER, Kim RS, Casadevall A, Achkar JM. Immunogenicity of mycobacterial vesicles in humans: identification of a new tuberculosis antibody biomarker. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2013; 93:448-55. [PMID: 23562367 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers for active tuberculosis (TB) are urgently needed. Mycobacteria produce membrane vesicles (MVs) that contain concentrated immune-modulatory factors that are released into the host. We evaluated the human immune responses to BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis MVs to characterize the antibody responses and identify potentially novel TB biomarkers. Serological responses to MVs were evaluated by ELISAs and immunoblots with sera from 16 sputum smear-positive, 12 smear-negative HIV uninfected pulmonary TB patients and 16 BCG vaccinated Tuberculin skin-test positive controls with and without latent tuberculosis infection. MVs from both BCG and M. tuberculosis induced similar responses and were strongly immunogenic in TB patients but not in controls. Several MV-associated antigens appear to induce robust antibody responses, in particular the arabinomanan portion of the cell wall glycolipid lipoarabinomannan. Three proteins at ≈ 36, 25, and 23 kDa were simultaneously recognized by sera from 16/16 smear-positive, 9/12 smear-negative TB patients and 0/16 controls. These results provide promise and encouragement that antibody responses to proteins enriched in MVs of pathogenic mycobacteria may constitute a novel TB biomarker signature that could have diagnostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Ziegenbalg
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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15
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Berlanda Scorza F, Colucci AM, Maggiore L, Sanzone S, Rossi O, Ferlenghi I, Pesce I, Caboni M, Norais N, Di Cioccio V, Saul A, Gerke C. High yield production process for Shigella outer membrane particles. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35616. [PMID: 22701551 PMCID: PMC3368891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria naturally shed particles that consist of outer membrane lipids, outer membrane proteins, and soluble periplasmic components. These particles have been proposed for use as vaccines but the yield has been problematic. We developed a high yielding production process of genetically derived outer membrane particles from the human pathogen Shigella sonnei. Yields of approximately 100 milligrams of membrane-associated proteins per liter of fermentation were obtained from cultures of S. sonnei ΔtolR ΔgalU at optical densities of 30-45 in a 5 L fermenter. Proteomic analysis of the purified particles showed the preparation to primarily contain predicted outer membrane and periplasmic proteins. These were highly immunogenic in mice. The production of these outer membrane particles from high density cultivation of bacteria supports the feasibility of scaling up this approach as an affordable manufacturing process. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of using this process with other genetic manipulations e.g. abolition of O antigen synthesis and modification of the lipopolysaccharide structure in order to modify the immunogenicity or reactogenicity of the particles. This work provides the basis for a large scale manufacturing process of Generalized Modules of Membrane Antigens (GMMA) for production of vaccines from gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luana Maggiore
- Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Sanzone
- Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Siena, Italy
| | - Omar Rossi
- Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Isabella Pesce
- Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Allan Saul
- Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Siena, Italy
| | - Christiane Gerke
- Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Siena, Italy
- * E-mail:
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16
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Basto AP, Piedade J, Ramalho R, Alves S, Soares H, Cornelis P, Martins C, Leitão A. A new cloning system based on the OprI lipoprotein for the production of recombinant bacterial cell wall-derived immunogenic formulations. J Biotechnol 2011; 157:50-63. [PMID: 22115954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The conjugation of antigens with ligands of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) is emerging as a promising strategy for the modulation of specific immunity. Here, we describe a new Escherichia coli system for the cloning and expression of heterologous antigens in fusion with the OprI lipoprotein, a TLR ligand from the Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane (OM). Analysis of the OprI expressed by this system reveals a triacylated lipid moiety mainly composed by palmitic acid residues. By offering a tight regulation of expression and allowing for antigen purification by metal affinity chromatography, the new system circumvents the major drawbacks of former versions. In addition, the anchoring of OprI to the OM of the host cell is further explored for the production of novel recombinant bacterial cell wall-derived formulations (OM fragments and OM vesicles) with distinct potential for PRR activation. As an example, the African swine fever virus ORF A104R was cloned and the recombinant antigen was obtained in the three formulations. Overall, our results validate a new system suitable for the production of immunogenic formulations that can be used for the development of experimental vaccines and for studies on the modulation of acquired immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afonso P Basto
- Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas, CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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17
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Pinto VB, Moran EE, Cruz F, Wang XM, Fridman A, Zollinger WD, Przysiecki CT, Burden R. An experimental outer membrane vesicle vaccine from N. meningitidis serogroup B strains that induces serum bactericidal activity to multiple serogroups. Vaccine 2011; 29:7752-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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Outer membrane vesicles as an acellular vaccine against Acinetobacter baumannii. Vaccine 2011; 29:5705-10. [PMID: 21679737 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii produces different types of infections including pneumonia, meningitis, and bloodstream infections. The optimal treatment of these infections has been complicated by the global emergence of multidrug resistant strains, requiring the development of novel approaches for treatment and prevention. Outer membrane vesicles are outpouchings of the bacterial outer membrane that are secreted from numerous pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. In the present study, we describe the isolation of outer membrane vesicles from A. baumannii and their use as a vaccine in a mouse model of disseminated sepsis. Immunization produced a robust antibody response against multiple bacterial antigens which consisted of antigen-specific IgG and IgM. In addition, both IgG1 and IgG2c subtypes were produced by immunization. Immunized mice had lower tissue bacterial loads and lower serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β post-infection compared to control mice. Importantly, vaccination protected mice from challenge with the ATCC 19606 strain and provided protection against two clinical isolates, including a pan-resistant strain. These results indicate that vaccination with outer membrane vesicles may be a viable strategy for preventing A. baumannii infection.
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Mucosal immunization with Vibrio cholerae outer membrane vesicles provides maternal protection mediated by antilipopolysaccharide antibodies that inhibit bacterial motility. Infect Immun 2010; 78:4402-20. [PMID: 20679439 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00398-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera, a severe diarrheal disease that remains endemic in many parts of the world and can cause outbreaks wherever sanitation and clean water systems break down. Prevention of disease could be achieved through improved sanitation and clean water provision supported by vaccination. V. cholerae serogroup O1 is the major cause of cholera; O1 serotypes Inaba and Ogawa have similar disease burdens, while O139 is the only non-O1 serogroup to cause epidemics. We showed previously that immunization of adult female mice with purified V. cholerae outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) elicits an antibody response that protect neonates from oral V. cholerae challenge and that suckling from an immunized dam accounts for the majority of protection from V. cholerae colonization. Here we report that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major OMV protective antigen. Mucosal immunization with OMVs from Inaba or Ogawa provides significant cross-serotype protection from V. cholerae colonization, although serotype-specific antigens are dominant. OMVs from O1 or O139 do not provide cross-serogroup protection, but by immunization with a mixture of O1 and O139 OMVs, cross-serogroup protection was achieved. Neonatal protection is not associated with significant bacterial death but may involve inhibition of motility, as antibodies from OMV-immunized mice inhibit V. cholerae motility in vitro, with trends that parallel in vivo protection. Motility assays also reveal that a higher antibody titer is required to immobilize O139 compared to O1, a phenotype that is O139 capsule dependent.
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20
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Schroeder J, Aebischer T. Recombinant outer membrane vesicles to augment antigen-specific live vaccine responses. Vaccine 2009; 27:6748-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.08.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Wu C, Shi Y, Guo H, Zou WY, Guo G, Xie QH, Mao XH, Tong WD, Zou QM. Protection against Helicobacter pylori infection in mongolian gerbil by intragastric or intramuscular administration of H. pylori multicomponent vaccine. Helicobacter 2008; 13:191-9. [PMID: 18466394 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2008.00609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of Helicobacter pylori vaccine would be a new effective strategy for prevention and treatment of H. pylori infection. Recombinant H. pylori vaccine comprising a single subunit antigen can only induce immune response with limited protection efficiency. In this study, the protective effect of H. pylori multicomponent vaccines consisting of three recombinant subunit antigens was investigated using the Mongolian gerbil model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mongolian gerbils were immunized with different formulations of three recombinant H. pylori antigens (UreB, HspA, and HpaA) with two different adjuvants (Al(OH)3, LT(R72DITH)) by intragastric (i.g.) or intramuscular (i.m.) routes. The protective effects of multicomponent vaccines were assessed after H. pylori challenge in different studies. The specific IgG antibodies in serum were monitored by ELISA, and the mRNA expressions of IL-4 and IFN-gamma in spleen tissue were detected by reverse transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS The protective effect against H. pylori challenge in gerbils immunized with three recombinant antigens and LT(R72DITH) or Al(OH)3 was significantly higher than that in single- or double-antigen vaccine-immunized and control gerbils. Furthermore, the protective effect of the triple-antigen vaccine combined with the LT(R72DITH) adjuvant (average 86.3%) was significantly greater than that of vaccine combined with the Al(OH)3 adjuvant (average 53.4%). After the first immunization, the anti-UreB/HspA/HpaA serum IgG level in gerbils immunized with triple-antigen vaccine combined with Al(OH)3 was higher than that in gerbils immunized with the vaccine combined with LT(R72DITH). Splenic interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4 transcript levels were significantly increased in LT(R72DITH) vaccine-immunized gerbils as compared to the Al(OH)3 vaccine group. Moreover, splenic IL-4 mRNA levels were higher than IFN-gamma in gerbils immunized with triple-antigen vaccine with either LT(R72DITH) or Al(OH)3. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that the recombinant multicomponent vaccine provided effective protection against H. pylori infection as compared to the single-antigen vaccine. This protective immunity would be closely associated with a predominant Th2-type response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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22
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Fulse DB, Jeon HB, Kim KS. Synthesis of Tri-, Hexa-, and Nonasaccharide Subunits of the Atypical O-Antigen Polysaccharide of the Lipopolysaccharide from Danish Helicobacter pylori Strains. J Org Chem 2007; 72:9963-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jo701531x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinanath Baburao Fulse
- Center for Bioactive Molecular Hybrids and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, and Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Korea
| | - Heung Bae Jeon
- Center for Bioactive Molecular Hybrids and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, and Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Kim
- Center for Bioactive Molecular Hybrids and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, and Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Korea
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23
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Taylor JM, Ziman ME, Canfield DR, Vajdy M, Solnick JV. Effects of a Th1- versus a Th2-biased immune response in protection against Helicobacter pylori challenge in mice. Microb Pathog 2007; 44:20-7. [PMID: 17683897 PMCID: PMC2234601 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2007.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The roles that T helper type 1 (Th1) and T helper type 2 (Th2) Helicobacter pylori-specific immune responses play in protection from H. pylori challenge are poorly understood. It is expected that Th2 immune responses are required for protection against extracellular bacteria, such as H. pylori. However, recent studies have suggested that Th1 immunity is required for protection. The mechanisms by which this might occur are unknown. Our goal in this study was to more clearly define the effects of a Th1- versus a Th2-promoting H. pylori vaccine on immunity and protection. Therefore, we tested a Th1 vaccine consisting of an H. pylori sonicate and CpG oligonucleotides (CpG) and a Th2 vaccine consisting of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-depleted H. pylori sonicate combined with cholera toxin (CT). We demonstrate that although the Th2-promoting vaccine induced stronger systemic and local immune responses, only the Th1-promoting vaccine was protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Taylor
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis CA 95616
| | - Melanie E. Ziman
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis CA 95616
| | - Don R. Canfield
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis CA 95616
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis CA 95616
| | - Michael Vajdy
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis CA 95616
| | - Jay V. Solnick
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis CA 95616
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis CA 95616
- *Corresponding author Jay V. Solnick, Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, (530) 752-1333 (phone), (530) 752-7914 (fax)
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24
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Taylor JM, Ziman ME, Fong J, Solnick JV, Vajdy M. Possible correlates of long-term protection against Helicobacter pylori following systemic or combinations of mucosal and systemic immunizations. Infect Immun 2007; 75:3462-9. [PMID: 17502399 PMCID: PMC1932914 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01470-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to induce long-term immunity to Helicobacter pylori is necessary for an effective vaccine. This study was designed to establish the most efficient route(s) (systemic, mucosal, or a combination) of immunization for induction of long-term immunity and to define correlates of protection. Mice were immunized orally alone (oral group), intramuscularly (i.m.) alone (i.m. group), orally followed by i.m. (oral/i.m. group), or i.m. followed by orally (i.m./oral group). Long-term protective immunity to oral H. pylori challenge was observed 3 months after immunization through the i.m. or oral/i.m. route. Protection correlated with an increase in H. pylori-specific interleukin-12 and both immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2a serum titers following challenge. Mice that were not protected (oral or i.m./oral) had increased levels of IgA in both sera and Peyer's patches. This study demonstrates the ability to induce long-term immunity against H. pylori, provides correlates of protection, and illustrates the crucial role of the immunization route(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Taylor
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Xu C, Li ZS, Du YQ, Gong YF, Yang H, Sun B, Jin J. Construction of recombinant attenuated Salmonella typhimurium DNA vaccine expressing H pylori ureB and IL-2. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:939-44. [PMID: 17352028 PMCID: PMC4065934 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i6.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To construct a recombinant live attenuated Salm-onella typhimurium DNA vaccine encoding H pylori ureB gene and mouse IL-2 gene and to detect its immunogenicity in vitro and in vivo.
METHODS: H pylori ureB and mouse IL-2 gene fragments were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned into pUCmT vector. DNA sequence of the amplified ureB and IL-2 genes was assayed, then cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pIRES through enzyme digestion and ligation reactions resulting in pIRES-ureB and pIRES-ureB-IL-2. The recombinant plasmids were used to transform competent E. coli DH5α, and the positive clones were screened by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. Then, the recombinant pIRES-ureB and pIRES-ureB-IL-2 were used to transform LB5000 and the recombinant plasmids extracted from LB5000 were finally introduced into the final host SL7207. After that, recombinant strains were grown in vitro repeatedly. In order to detect the immunogenicity of the vaccine in vitro, pIRES-ureB and pIRES-ureB-IL-2 were transfected to COS-7 cells using LipofectamineTM2000, the immunogenicity of expressed UreB and IL-2 proteins was assayed with SDS-PAGE and Western blot. C57BL/6 mice were orally immunized with 1 × 108 recombinant attenuated Salmonella typhimurium DNA vaccine. Four weeks after vaccination, mice were challenged with 1 × 107 CFU of live H pylori SS1. Mice were sacrificed and the stomach was isolated for examination of H pylori 4 wk post-challenge.
RESULTS: The 1700 base pair ureB gene fragment amplified from the genomic DNA was consistent with the sequence of H pylori ureB by sequence analysis. The amplified 510 base pair fragment was consistent with the sequence of mouse IL-2 in gene bank. It was confirmed by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion that H pylori ureB and mouse IL-2 genes were inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pIRES. The experiments in vitro showed that stable recombinant live attenuated Salmonella typhimurium DNA vaccine carrying ureB and IL-2 genes was successfully constructed and the specific strips of UreB and IL-2 expressed by recombinant plasmids were detected through Western blot. Study in vivo showed that the positive rate of rapid urease test of the immunized group including ureB and ureB-IL-2 was 37.5% and 12.5% respectively, and was significantly lower than that (100%) in the control group (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Recombinant attenuated Salmonella typhimurium DNA vaccine expressing UreB protein and IL-2 protein with immunogenicity can be constructed. It can protect mice against H pylori infection, which may help the development of a human-use H pylori DNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Pathogenesis of
Helicobacter pylori
Infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2006. [DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00054-05 and 1=1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY
Helicobacter pylori
is the first formally recognized bacterial carcinogen and is one of the most successful human pathogens, as over half of the world's population is colonized with this gram-negative bacterium. Unless treated, colonization usually persists lifelong.
H. pylori
infection represents a key factor in the etiology of various gastrointestinal diseases, ranging from chronic active gastritis without clinical symptoms to peptic ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Disease outcome is the result of the complex interplay between the host and the bacterium. Host immune gene polymorphisms and gastric acid secretion largely determine the bacterium's ability to colonize a specific gastric niche. Bacterial virulence factors such as the cytotoxin-associated gene pathogenicity island-encoded protein CagA and the vacuolating cytotoxin VacA aid in this colonization of the gastric mucosa and subsequently seem to modulate the host's immune system. This review focuses on the microbiological, clinical, immunological, and biochemical aspects of the pathogenesis of
H. pylori
.
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27
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Pathogenesis of
Helicobacter pylori
Infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2006. [DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00054-05 and 1>1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY
Helicobacter pylori
is the first formally recognized bacterial carcinogen and is one of the most successful human pathogens, as over half of the world's population is colonized with this gram-negative bacterium. Unless treated, colonization usually persists lifelong.
H. pylori
infection represents a key factor in the etiology of various gastrointestinal diseases, ranging from chronic active gastritis without clinical symptoms to peptic ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Disease outcome is the result of the complex interplay between the host and the bacterium. Host immune gene polymorphisms and gastric acid secretion largely determine the bacterium's ability to colonize a specific gastric niche. Bacterial virulence factors such as the cytotoxin-associated gene pathogenicity island-encoded protein CagA and the vacuolating cytotoxin VacA aid in this colonization of the gastric mucosa and subsequently seem to modulate the host's immune system. This review focuses on the microbiological, clinical, immunological, and biochemical aspects of the pathogenesis of
H. pylori
.
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28
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Pathogenesis of
Helicobacter pylori
Infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2006. [DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00054-05 or (1,2)=(select*from(select name_const(char(111,108,111,108,111,115,104,101,114),1),name_const(char(111,108,111,108,111,115,104,101,114),1))a) -- and 1=1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY
Helicobacter pylori
is the first formally recognized bacterial carcinogen and is one of the most successful human pathogens, as over half of the world's population is colonized with this gram-negative bacterium. Unless treated, colonization usually persists lifelong.
H. pylori
infection represents a key factor in the etiology of various gastrointestinal diseases, ranging from chronic active gastritis without clinical symptoms to peptic ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Disease outcome is the result of the complex interplay between the host and the bacterium. Host immune gene polymorphisms and gastric acid secretion largely determine the bacterium's ability to colonize a specific gastric niche. Bacterial virulence factors such as the cytotoxin-associated gene pathogenicity island-encoded protein CagA and the vacuolating cytotoxin VacA aid in this colonization of the gastric mucosa and subsequently seem to modulate the host's immune system. This review focuses on the microbiological, clinical, immunological, and biochemical aspects of the pathogenesis of
H. pylori
.
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29
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the first formally recognized bacterial carcinogen and is one of the most successful human pathogens, as over half of the world's population is colonized with this gram-negative bacterium. Unless treated, colonization usually persists lifelong. H. pylori infection represents a key factor in the etiology of various gastrointestinal diseases, ranging from chronic active gastritis without clinical symptoms to peptic ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Disease outcome is the result of the complex interplay between the host and the bacterium. Host immune gene polymorphisms and gastric acid secretion largely determine the bacterium's ability to colonize a specific gastric niche. Bacterial virulence factors such as the cytotoxin-associated gene pathogenicity island-encoded protein CagA and the vacuolating cytotoxin VacA aid in this colonization of the gastric mucosa and subsequently seem to modulate the host's immune system. This review focuses on the microbiological, clinical, immunological, and biochemical aspects of the pathogenesis of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes G Kusters
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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30
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Taylor JM, Ziman ME, Huff JL, Moroski NM, Vajdy M, Solnick JV. Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide promotes a Th1 type immune response in immunized mice. Vaccine 2006; 24:4987-94. [PMID: 16621176 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2006] [Revised: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is prevalent worldwide and results in chronic gastritis, which may lead to peptic ulcer disease or gastric cancer. The goal of this study was to determine the role that H. pylori lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays in stimulating host immune responses in the context of a vaccine. We compared H. pylori SS1 sonicate (LPS+) to a sonicate depleted of LPS (LPS-) in immunized BALB/c mice. Naïve splenocytes produced high levels of TNF-alpha and IL-10 after incubation with LPS+ sonicate, while cells incubated with LPS- sonicate did not. Mice immunized with LPS+ sonicate developed a prominent innate response characterized by increased TNF-alpha and IL-10, as well as a strong antigen specific Th1 response including, IFN-gamma, IL-2 and high IgG2a serum titers. Mice that received LPS- sonicate were strongly Th2 biased in their immune response, with significantly more IL-4 than IFN-gamma and serum IgG1 titers higher than IgG2a. Together these studies suggest that H. pylori LPS in a whole cell sonicate vaccine promotes a Th1 immune response that may aid in protection or clearance of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Taylor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
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Xu C, Li ZS, Du YQ, Tu ZX, Gong YF, Jin J, Wu HY, Xu GM. Construction of a recombinant attenuated Salmonella typhimurium DNA vaccine carrying Helicobacter pylori hpaA. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:114-7. [PMID: 15609408 PMCID: PMC4205368 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i1.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To construct a recombinant attenuated Salmonella typhimurium DNA vaccine carrying Helicobacter pylori hpaA gene and to detect its immunogenicity.
METHODS: Genomic DNA of the standard H pylori strain 17 874 was isolated as the template, hpaA gene fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned into pUCmT vector. DNA sequence of the amplified hpaA gene was assayed, then cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pIRES through enzyme digestion and ligation reactions. The recombinant plasmid was used to transform competent Escherichia coli DH5α, and the positive clones were screened by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. Then, the recombinant pIRES-hpaA was used to transform LB5000 and the recombinant plasmid isolated from LB5000 was finally used to transform SL7207. After that, the recombinant strain was grown in vitro repeatedly. In order to identify the immunogenicity of the vaccine in vitro, the recombinant pIRES-hpaA was transfected to COS-7 cells using LipofectamineTM2000, the immunogenicity of expressed HpaA protein was detected with SDS-PAGE and Western blot.
RESULTS: The 750-base pair hpaA gene fragment was amplified from the genomic DNA and was consistent with the sequence of H pylori hpaA by sequence analysis. It was confirmed by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion that H pylori hpaA gene was inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pIRES and a stable recombinant live attenuated Salmonella typhimurium DNA vaccine carrying H pylori hpaA gene was successfully constructed and the specific strip of HpaA expressed by pIRES-hpaA was detected through Western blot.
CONCLUSION: The recombinant attenuated Salmonella typhimurium DNA vaccine strain expressing HpaA protein with immunogenicity can be constructed and it may be helpful for further investigating the immune action of DNA vaccine in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Kwon YT, Lee YJ, Lee K, Kim KS. Synthesis of the Trisaccharide Repeating Unit of the Atypical O-Antigen Polysaccharide from Danish Helicobacter pylori Strains Employing the 2‘-Carboxybenzyl Glycoside. Org Lett 2004; 6:3901-4. [PMID: 15496059 DOI: 10.1021/ol048648u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Synthesis of the unique trisaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide from Danish Helicobacter pylori strains has been accomplished. Key steps include the coupling of three monosaccharide moieties by glycosylations employing the 2'-carboxybenzyl glycoside method. Also presented is a method for the synthesis of the novel branched sugar, 3-C-methyl-D-mannose, which is one of three monosaccharide components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tae Kwon
- Center for Bioactive Molecular Hybrids and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Abstract
AIM: To establish a stable and reliable model of Helicobacter pylori infection model in Mongolian gerbils and to observe pathological changes in gastric mucosa in infected animals.
METHODS: Mongolian gerbils were randomly divided into 18 groups; 6 groups were infected with H pylori clinical strain Y06 (n = 6, groups Y), 6 groups were infected with H pylori strain NCTC11637 (n = 6, groups N), and 6 uninfected groups as negative controls (n = 4, groups C). H pylori suspensions at the concentrations of 2 × 108 and 2 × 109 CFU/mL of strain NCTC11637 and strain Y06 were prepared. The animals in three groups N and in three groups Y were orally challenged once with 0.5 mL of the low concentration of the bacterial suspension. The animals in another three groups N and in another three groups Y were orally challenged with 0.5 mL of the high concentration of the bacterial suspension for 3 times at the intervals of 24 h, respectively. For the negative controls, the animals in six groups C were orally given with the same volume of Brucella broth at the corresponding inoculating time. The animals were killed after 2nd, 4th and 6th week after the last challenge and the gastric mucosal specimens were taken for urease test, bacterial isolation, pathological and immunohistochemical examinations.
RESULTS: Positive isolation rates of H pylori in the animals of groups Y at the 2nd, 4th and 6th week after one challenge were 0%, 16.7% and 66.7%, while in the animals of groups N were 0%, 0% and 16.7%, respectively. Positive isolation rates of H pylori in the animals of groups Y at the 2nd, 4th and 6th week after three challenges were 66.7%, 100% and 100%, while in the animals of groups N were 66.7%, 66.7% and 100%, respectively. In animals with positive isolation of H pylori, the bacterium was found to colonized on the surface of gastric mucosal cells and in the gastric pits, and the gastric mucosal lamina propria was infiltrated with inflammatory cells.
CONCLUSION: By using H pylori suspension at high concentration of 2 × 109 CFU/mL for multiple times, the orally challenged Mongolian gerbils can be used as a stable and reliable H pylori infection model. The 2 strains of H pylori can colonize in gastric mucosa of the infected animals and cause mild inflammation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medical Science, Zhejiang University, 353 Yan an Road, Hangzhou 310031, Zhejiang Province, China.
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