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Ray LC, Payne DC, Rounds J, Trevejo RT, Wilson E, Burzlaff K, Garman KN, Lathrop S, Rissman T, Wymore K, Wozny S, Wilson S, Francois Watkins LK, Bruce BB, Weller DL. Syndromic Gastrointestinal Panel Diagnostic Tests Have Changed our Understanding of the Epidemiology of Yersiniosis-Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 2010-2021. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae199. [PMID: 38868306 PMCID: PMC11167669 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In the US, yersinosis was understood to predominantly occur in winter and among Black or African American infants and Asian children. Increased use of culture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs) has led to marked increases in yersinosis diagnoses. Methods We describe differences in the epidemiology of yersiniosis diagnosed by CIDT versus culture in 10 US sites, and identify determinants of health associated with diagnostic method. Results Annual reported incidence increased from 0.3/100 000 in 2010 to 1.3/100 000 in 2021, particularly among adults ≥18 years, regardless of race and ethnicity, and during summer months. The proportion of CIDT-diagnosed infections increased from 3% in 2012 to 89% in 2021. An ill person's demographic characteristics and location of residence had a significant impact on their odds of being diagnosed by CIDT. Conclusions Improved detection due to increased CIDT use has altered our understanding of yersinosis epidemiology, however differential access to CIDTs may still affect our understanding of yersinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan C Ray
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel C Payne
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joshua Rounds
- Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Elisha Wilson
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Kari Burzlaff
- New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Katie N Garman
- Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sarah Lathrop
- New Mexico Emerging Infections Program, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Tamara Rissman
- Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Katie Wymore
- California Department of Public Health, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Sophia Wozny
- Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Siri Wilson
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Louise K Francois Watkins
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Beau B Bruce
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel L Weller
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Palau R, Bloomfield SJ, Jenkins C, Greig DR, Jorgensen F, Mather AE. Yersinia enterocolitica biovar 1A: An underappreciated potential pathogen in the food chain. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 412:110554. [PMID: 38176093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica is an underreported cause of foodborne gastroenteritis. Little is known of the diversity of Y. enterocolitica isolated from food and which food commodities contribute to human disease. In this study, Y. enterocolitica was isolated from 37/50 raw chicken, 8/10 pork, 8/10 salmon and 1/10 leafy green samples collected at retail in the UK. Up to 10 presumptive Y. enterocolitica isolates per positive sample underwent whole genome sequencing (WGS) and were compared with publicly available genomes. In total, 207 Y. enterocolitica isolates were analyzed and belonged to 38 sequence types (STs). Up to five STs of Y. enterocolitica were isolated from individual food samples and isolates belonging to the same sample and ST differed by 0-74 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Biotype was predicted for 205 (99 %) genomes that all belonged to biotype 1A, previously described as non-pathogenic. However, around half (51 %) of food samples contained isolates belonging to the same ST as previously isolated from UK human cases. The closest human-derived isolates shared between 17 and 7978 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the food isolates. Extensive food surveillance is required to determine what food sources are responsible for Y. enterocolitica infections and to re-examine the role of biotype 1A as a human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaёlle Palau
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel J Bloomfield
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Claire Jenkins
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - David R Greig
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alison E Mather
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom; University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
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Huang S, Li Y, Hong C, Jin Y, Li S, Xu X, Xia Y, Zhang L, Lou Y, Guan W. Whole-genome sequencing-based analysis of antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, and genetic diversity in Yersinia isolated in Wenzhou, China 2020. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 188:107903. [PMID: 37574177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Yersinia spp. vary significantly in their ability to cause diseases that threaten public health. Their pathogenicity is frequently associated with increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and various virulence factors. The aim of the study was to investigate the AMR genes, virulence factors, and genetic diversity of Yersinia strains isolated from meats and fish in Wenzhou in 2020 by using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). A total of 50 isolates were collected. The phylogenetic relationships among the Yersinia species were also analyzed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), core genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. According to the results, all the strains could be classified into five species, with most isolated from beef, followed by poultry, pork, and fish. AMR genes were identified in 23 strains. And the qnrD1 genes were all located in the Col3M plasmid. Virulence genes, such as yaxA, ystB, pla, and yplA, were also found in the 15 Y. enterocolitica strains. And this study also found the presence of icm/dot type IVB-related genes in one Yersinia massiliensis isolate. MLST analysis identified 43 sequence types (STs), 19 of which were newly detected in Yersinia. Moreover, cgMLST analysis revealed that no dense genotype clusters were formed (cgMLST 5341, 5344, 5346-5350, 5353-5390). Instead, the strains appeared to be dispersed over large distances, except when multiple isolates shared the same ST. Isolates Y4 and Y26 were closely related to strains originating from South Korea and Denmark. This study showed considerable diversity in Yersinia spp. isolated from local areas (Wenzhou City). The data generated in our study may enrich the molecular traceability database of Yersinia and provide a basis for the development of more effective antipathogen control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Huang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Chengji Hong
- Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Yafang Jin
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Shengkai Li
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Xuelian Xu
- Yuhang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yuhang, China.
| | - Yanmei Xia
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Leyi Zhang
- Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Yongliang Lou
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Wanchun Guan
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Yue Y, Zheng J, Sheng M, Liu X, Hao Q, Zhang S, Xu S, Liu Z, Hou X, Jing H, Liu Y, Zhou X, Li Z. Public health implications of Yersinia enterocolitica investigation: an ecological modeling and molecular epidemiology study. Infect Dis Poverty 2023; 12:41. [PMID: 37085902 PMCID: PMC10120104 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yersinia enterocolitica has been sporadically recovered from animals, foods, and human clinical samples in various regions of Ningxia, China. However, the ecological and molecular characteristics of Y. enterocolitica, as well as public health concerns about infection in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, remain unclear. This study aims to analyze the ecological and molecular epidemiological characteristics of Y. enterocolitis in order to inform the public health intervention strategies for the contains of related diseases. METHODS A total of 270 samples were collected for isolation [animals (n = 208), food (n = 49), and patients (n = 13)], then suspect colonies were isolated and identified by the API20E biochemical identification system, serological tests, biotyping tests, and 16S rRNA-PCR. Then, we used an ecological epidemiological approach combined with machine learning algorithms (general linear model, random forest model, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting) to explore the associations between ecological factors and the pathogenicity of Y. enterocolitis. Furthermore, average nucleotide identity (ANI) estimation, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and core gene multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) were applied to characterize the molecular profile of isolates based on whole genome sequencing. The statistical test used single-factor analysis, Chi-square tests, t-tests/ANOVA-tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS A total of 270 isolates of Yersinia were identified from poultry and livestock (n = 191), food (n = 49), diarrhoea patients (n = 13), rats (n = 15), and hamsters (n = 2). The detection rates of samples from different hosts were statistically different (χ2 = 22.636, P < 0.001). According to the relatedness clustering results, 270 isolates were divided into 12 species, and Y. enterocolitica (n = 187) is a predominated species. Pathogenic isolates made up 52.4% (98/187), while non-pathogenic isolates made up 47.6% (89/187). Temperature and precipitation were strongly associated with the pathogenicity of the isolates (P < 0.001). The random forest (RF) prediction model showed the best performance. The prediction result shows a high risk of pathogenicity Y. enterocolitica was located in the northern, northwestern, and southern of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The Y. enterocolitica isolates were classified into 54 sequence types (STs) and 125 cgMLST types (CTs), with 4/O:3 being the dominant bioserotype in Ningxia. The dominant STs and dominant CTs of pathogenic isolates in Ningxia were ST429 and HC100_2571, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The data indicated geographical variations in the distribution of STs and CTs of Y. enterocolitica isolates in Ningxia. Our work offered the first evidence that the pathogenicity of isolates was directly related to fluctuations in temperature and precipitation of the environment. CgMLST typing strategies showed that the isolates were transmitted to the population via pigs and food. Therefore, strengthening health surveillance on pig farms in high-risk areas and focusing on testing food of pig origin are optional strategies to prevent disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yue
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Food Testing and Research Institute, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxin Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Sheng
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Hao
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunxian Zhang
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuexin Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaiqi Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Seakamela EM, Diseko L, Malatji D, Makhado L, Motau M, Jambwa K, Magwedere K, Ntushelo N, Matle I. Characterisation and antibiotic resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica from various meat categories, South Africa. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2022; 89:e1-e11. [PMID: 36453823 PMCID: PMC9724029 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v89i1.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica infections impose a significant public health and socioeconomic burden on human population in many countries. The current study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profile and molecular diversity of Y. enterocolitica in meat and meat products across various retail outlets in selected provinces of South Africa (SA). In a cross-sectional study, a total of 581 retail meat and meat products were collected from four cities across three provinces of SA. Samples were from beef and pork products, which included 292 raw intact, 167 raw processed, and 122 ready-to-eat (RTE) meats. Samples were analysed using classical microbiological methods for isolation, identification and biotyping of Y. enterocolitica. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for confirmation, serotyping, screening of virulence (n = 11) and antimicrobial resistance (n = 18) genes. Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined against 12 antibiotics discs, using disc diffusion method. The overall prevalence of 12% (70/581) was reported across all cities with contamination proportion reported in samples collected from raw intact 15% (43/292), followed by raw processed 11% (18/167) and RTE meats 7% (9/122). All positive isolates were of biotype 1A with 7% (5/70) belonging to bioserotype 1A/O:8. Most of the isolates harboured ymoA, ystB, fepD, ail, fepA, invA and myfA virulence genes. High antimicrobial resistance frequency was observed for ampicillin (94%), cephalothin (83%) and amoxicillin (41%), respectively. Of the 18 tested antimicrobial resistance genes, blaTEM was the most predominant (40%) followed by cmlA (21%). This study reveals the presence of antimicrobial resistant Y. enterocolitica possessing virulent genes of public health importance in products of animal origin, therefore, health monitoring and surveillance of this pathogen is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel M Seakamela
- Bacteriology Division, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; and, Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria.
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Peruzy M, Murru N, Smaldone G, Proroga Y, Cristiano D, Fioretti A, Anastasio A. Hygiene evaluation and microbiological hazards of hunted wild boar carcasses. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Characterisation of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from wildlife in the northwestern Italian Alps. J Vet Res 2022; 66:141-149. [PMID: 35892105 PMCID: PMC9281523 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Yersiniosis is a zoonosis causing gastroenteritis, diarrhoea, and occasionally reactive arthritis and septicaemia. Cases are often linked to meat consumption and the most common aetiological agent is the Gram-negative bacilliform Yersinia enterocolitica bacterium. The occurrence of Yersinia spp. among wild animals has mostly been studied in wild boar, but it has seldom been in other species. Material and Methods A total of 1,868 faecal samples from animals found dead or hunted were collected between 2015 and 2018 in the Valle d’Aosta region of the northwestern Italian Alps. Alpine ibex faecal samples were collected during a health monitoring program in 2018. Bacteria were isolated via PCR and confirmed as Y. enterocolitica biochemically. Strain antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion, and the presence of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes was investigated using whole-genome sequencing. Results Yersinia enterocolitica strains of biotype 1A were detected in six faecal samples from red deer (0.93%), roe deer (0.49%) and red foxes (0.7%). Strains found in beech martens (3.57%) and Alpine ibex (2.77%) belonged to biotypes 1B and 5, respectively and harboured the pYPTS01 plasmid that had only been detected in Y. pseudotuberculosis PB1/+. All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and erythromycin. Conclusion The biovar 1A strains exhibited different virulence factors and behaved like non-pathogenic commensals. The strain from an Alpine ibex also harboured the self-transmissible pYE854 plasmid that can mobilise itself and the pYPTS01 plasmid to other strains. The beech marten could be considered a sentinel animal for Y. enterocolitica. Phenotypic resistance may account for the ability of all the strains to resist β-lactams.
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Jaballah S, Fhoula I, Boumaiza M, Najjari A, Mhajbi N, Boudabous A, Klibi N, Ouzari H. Prevalence and risk factors of potential pathogenic
Yersinia enterocolitica
in Tunisian frozen ground beef through a shelf‐life monitoring protocol validation. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Jaballah
- LR03ES03: Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Science de Tunis Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisie
- Département analyses et essais Centre Technique de l’agroalimentaire Tunis Tunisie
| | - Imene Fhoula
- LR03ES03: Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Science de Tunis Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisie
| | - Mohamed Boumaiza
- LR03ES03: Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Science de Tunis Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisie
| | - Afef Najjari
- LR03ES03: Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Science de Tunis Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisie
| | - Narjes Mhajbi
- Département analyses et essais Centre Technique de l’agroalimentaire Tunis Tunisie
| | - Abdellatif Boudabous
- LR03ES03: Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Science de Tunis Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisie
| | - Naouel Klibi
- LR03ES03: Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Science de Tunis Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisie
| | - Hadda‐Imene Ouzari
- LR03ES03: Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Science de Tunis Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisie
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Platt-Samoraj A. Toxigenic Properties of Yersinia enterocolitica Biotype 1A. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:118. [PMID: 35202145 PMCID: PMC8877543 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica, an etiological agent of yersiniosis, is a bacterium whose pathogenicity is determined, among other things, by its ability to produce toxins. The aim of this article was to present the most important toxins that are produced by biotype 1A strains of Y. enterocolitica, and to discuss their role in the pathogenesis of yersiniosis. Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A strains are able to synthesize variants of thermostable YST enterotoxin and play a key role in the pathogenesis of yersiniosis. Biotype 1A strains of Y. enterocolitica also produce Y. enterocolitica pore-forming toxins, YaxA and YaxB. These toxins form pores in the cell membrane of host target cells and cause osmotic lysis, which is of particular importance in systemic infections. Insecticidal toxin complex genes have been detected in some clinical biotype 1A strains of Y. enterocolitica. However, their role has not yet been fully elucidated. Strains belonging to biotype 1A have long been considered non-pathogenic. This view is beginning to change due to the emerging knowledge about the toxigenic potential of these bacteria and their ability to overcome the defense barriers of the host organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Platt-Samoraj
- Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
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Terentjeva M, Ķibilds J, Meistere I, Gradovska S, Alksne L, Streikiša M, Ošmjana J, Valciņa O. Virulence Determinants and Genetic Diversity of Yersinia Species Isolated from Retail Meat. Pathogens 2021; 11:37. [PMID: 35055985 PMCID: PMC8778217 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica is an important foodborne pathogen, and the determination of its virulence factors and genetic diversity within the food chain could help understand the epidemiology of yersiniosis. The aim of the present study was to detect the prevalence, and characterize the virulence determinants and genetic diversity, of Yersinia species isolated from meat. A total of 330 samples of retailed beef (n = 150) and pork (n = 180) in Latvia were investigated with culture and molecular methods. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was applied for the detection of virulence and genetic diversity. The antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica isolates was detected in accordance with EUCAST. Yersinia species were isolated from 24% (79/330) of meats, and the prevalence of Y. enterocolitica in pork (24%, 44/180) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in beef (13%, 19/150). Y. enterocolitica pathogenic bioserovars 2/O:9 and 4/O:3 were isolated from pork samples (3%, 6/180). Only resistance to ampicillin was confirmed in Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3 and 2/O:9 isolates, but not in other antimicrobials. Major virulence determinants, including ail, inv, virF, ystA and myfA, were confirmed with WGS in Y. enterocolitica 2/O:9 and 4/O:3. MLST typing revealed 15 STs (sequence types) of Y. enterocolitica with ST12 and ST18, which were associated with pathogenic bioserovars. For Y. enterocolitica 1A, Y. kristensenii, Y. intermedia and Y. frederiksenii, novel STs were registered (ST680-688). The presence of virulence genes and genetic characteristics of certain Y. enterocolitica STs confirm the common knowledge that pork could be an important source of pathogenic Yersinia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Terentjeva
- Institute of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.Ķ.); (I.M.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (M.S.); (J.O.); (O.V.)
| | - Juris Ķibilds
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.Ķ.); (I.M.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (M.S.); (J.O.); (O.V.)
| | - Irēna Meistere
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.Ķ.); (I.M.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (M.S.); (J.O.); (O.V.)
| | - Silva Gradovska
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.Ķ.); (I.M.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (M.S.); (J.O.); (O.V.)
| | - Laura Alksne
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.Ķ.); (I.M.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (M.S.); (J.O.); (O.V.)
| | - Madara Streikiša
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.Ķ.); (I.M.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (M.S.); (J.O.); (O.V.)
| | - Jevgēnija Ošmjana
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.Ķ.); (I.M.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (M.S.); (J.O.); (O.V.)
| | - Olga Valciņa
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.Ķ.); (I.M.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (M.S.); (J.O.); (O.V.)
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Imnadze T, Malania L, Chakvetadze N, Burjanadze I, Abazashvili N, Zhgenti E, Sidamonidze K, Khmaladze E, Martashvili V, Tsertsvadze N, Imnadze P, Kandaurov A, Arner RJ, Motin V, Kosoy M. Evidence of Extensive Circulation of Yersinia enterocolitica in Rodents and Shrews in Natural Habitats from Retrospective and Perspective Studies in South Caucasus. Pathogens 2021; 10:939. [PMID: 34451404 PMCID: PMC8400892 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica culture-positive rodents and shrews were reported in different territories across Georgia during 14 of 17 years of investigations conducted for the period of 1981-1997. In total, Y. enterocolitica was isolated from 2052 rodents (15 species) and 33 shrews. Most isolates were obtained from Microtus arvalis, Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, and Apodemus spp. During the prospective study (2017-2019), isolates of Yersinia-like bacteria were cultured from 53 rodents collected in four parts of Georgia. All the Yersinia-like isolates were confirmed as Y. enterocolitica based on the API 20E and the BD Phenix50 tests. Whole-genome (WG) sequencing of five rodents and one shrew strain of Y. enterocolitica revealed that they possessed a set of virulence genes characteristic of the potentially pathogenic strains of biogroup 1A. All isolates lacked distinguished virulence determinants for YstA, Ail, TccC, VirF, and virulence plasmid pYV but carried the genes for YstB, YmoA, HemPR-HmuVSTU, YaxAB, PhlA, PldA, ArsCBR, and a flagellar apparatus. One strain contained a gene highly homologous to heat-labile enterotoxin, a chain of E. coli, a function not previously described for Y. enterocolitica. The WG single-nucleotide polymorphism-based typing placed the isolates in four distinct phylogenetic clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tata Imnadze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Epidemiology Department, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Lile Malania
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Neli Chakvetadze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Irma Burjanadze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Natalia Abazashvili
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Ekaterine Zhgenti
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Ketevan Sidamonidze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Ekaterine Khmaladze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Vakhtang Martashvili
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Nikoloz Tsertsvadze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
| | - Paata Imnadze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (L.M.); (N.C.); (I.B.); (N.A.); (E.Z.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (V.M.); (N.T.); (P.I.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Epidemiology Department, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Andrei Kandaurov
- Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, 0177 Tbilisi, Georgia;
| | - Ryan J. Arner
- Ryan Arner Science Consulting LLC, Freeport, PA 16229, USA;
| | - Vladimir Motin
- Department of Pathology, University Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
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Detection, virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica in sheep and goat raw milk. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Evidence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Presence of Pathogenicity Genes in Yersinia enterocolitica Isolate from Wild Boars. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10040398. [PMID: 33801613 PMCID: PMC8065425 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye) is a very important zoonosis andwild boars play a pivotal role in its transmission. In the last decade, the wild boar population has undergone a strong increase that haspushed them towards urbanized areas, facilitating the human–wildlife interface and the spread of infectious diseases from wildlife to domestic animals and humans. Therefore, it is important to know the serotype, antimicrobial resistance and presence of pathogenicity genes of Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye) isolated in species. From 2013 to 2018, we analyzed the liver of 4890 wild boars hunted in Liguria region; we isolated and serotyped 126 Ye positive samples. A decisive role in the pathogenicity is given by the presence of virulence genes; in Ye isolated we found ystB (~70%), ymoA (45.2%), ail (43.6%) and ystA (~20%). Moreover, we evaluated the susceptibility at various antimicrobic agents (Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Enrofloxacin, Gentamicin, Kanamycin, Trimethoprim–Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfisoxazole, Ceftiofur and Tetracycline). The antibiotic resistance was analyzed, and we found a time-dependent increase. It is important to shed light on the role of the wild boars as a reserve of potentially dangerous diseases for humans, and also on the antibiotic resistance that represents a public health problem.
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Rivas L, Strydom H, Paine S, Wang J, Wright J. Yersiniosis in New Zealand. Pathogens 2021; 10:191. [PMID: 33578727 PMCID: PMC7916520 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of yersiniosis in New Zealand (NZ) is high compared with other developed countries, and rates have been increasing over recent years. Typically, >99% of human cases in NZ are attributed to Yersinia enterocolitica (YE), although in 2014, a large outbreak of 220 cases was caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Up until 2012, the most common NZ strain was YE biotype 4. The emergent strain since this time is YE biotype 2/3 serotype O:9. The pathogenic potential of some YE biotypes remains unclear. Most human cases of yersiniosis are considered sporadic without an identifiable source. Key restrictions in previous investigations included insufficient sensitivity for the isolation of Yersinia spp. from foods, although foodborne transmission is the most likely route of infection. In NZ, YE has been isolated from a variety of sick and healthy domestic and farm animals but the pathways from zoonotic reservoir to human remain unproven. Whole-genome sequencing provides unprecedented discriminatory power for typing Yersinia and is now being applied to NZ epidemiological investigations. A "One-Health" approach is necessary to elucidate the routes of transmission of Yersinia and consequently inform targeted interventions for the prevention and management of yersiniosis in NZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rivas
- Christchurch Science Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Ilam, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand;
| | - Hugo Strydom
- National Centre for Biosecurity and Infectious Disease, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Upper Hutt, Wellington 5018, New Zealand;
| | - Shevaun Paine
- Kenepuru Science Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Porirua, Wellington 5022, New Zealand; (S.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Kenepuru Science Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Porirua, Wellington 5022, New Zealand; (S.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Jackie Wright
- National Centre for Biosecurity and Infectious Disease, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Upper Hutt, Wellington 5018, New Zealand;
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15
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Morka K, Wałecka-Zacharska E, Schubert J, Dudek B, Woźniak-Biel A, Kuczkowski M, Wieliczko A, Bystroń J, Bania J, Bugla-Płoskońska G. Genetic Diversity and Distribution of Virulence-Associated Genes in Y. enterocolitica and Y. enterocolitica-Like Isolates from Humans and Animals in Poland. Pathogens 2021; 10:65. [PMID: 33450948 PMCID: PMC7828411 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica, widespread within domestic and wild-living animals, is a foodborne pathogen causing yersiniosis. The goal of this study was to assess a genetic similarity of Y. enterocolitica and Y. enterocolitica-like strains isolated from different hosts using Multiple Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA) and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) methods, and analyze the prevalence of virulence genes using multiplex-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays. Among 51 Yersinia sp. strains 20 virulotypes were determined. The most common virulence genes were ymoA, ureC, inv, myfA, and yst. Yersinia sp. strains had genes which may contribute to the bacterial invasion and colonization of the intestines as well as survival in serum. One wild boar Y. enterocolitica 1A strain possessed ail gene implying the possible pathogenicity of 1A biotype. Wild boar strains, represented mainly by 1A biotype, were not classified into the predominant Variable-Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR)/PFGE profile and virulotype. There was a clustering tendency among VNTR/PFGE profiles of pig origin, 4/O:3, and virulence profile. Pig and human strains formed the most related group, characterized by ~80% of genetic similarity what suggest the role of pigs as a potential source of infection for the pork consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Morka
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (E.W.-Z.); (J.S.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (E.W.-Z.); (J.S.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Justyna Schubert
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (E.W.-Z.); (J.S.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Bartłomiej Dudek
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Wroclaw University, S. Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anna Woźniak-Biel
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (A.W.-B.); (M.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Maciej Kuczkowski
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (A.W.-B.); (M.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Alina Wieliczko
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (A.W.-B.); (M.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Jarosław Bystroń
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (E.W.-Z.); (J.S.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Jacek Bania
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (E.W.-Z.); (J.S.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Gabriela Bugla-Płoskońska
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Wroclaw University, S. Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland;
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Bonardi S, Brémont S, Vismarra A, Poli I, Diegoli G, Bolzoni L, Corradi M, Gilioli S, Le Guern AS. Is Yersinia bercovieri Surpassing Yersinia enterocolitica in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa)? ECOHEALTH 2020; 17:388-392. [PMID: 33057833 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-020-01492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Yersiniosis was the fourth reported zoonosis in the European Union in 2018. As well-known, pigs are recognized important reservoirs of Yersinia enterocolitica. The study was focused on Y. enterocolitica detection in mesenteric lymph nodes and faeces of 305 wild boars, but Yersinia bercovieri was more common, being isolated from 108 animals (35.4%). Cold season (p = 1.17 × 10-5) and young age (p = 0.004) significantly increased Y. bercovieri detection. Y. enterocolitica 1A belonging to six serotypes (O:4.32-4.33; O:5; O:6.30-6.31; O:7.8-8-8.19; O:10-34; O:12.25-12.26) was isolated from 8.2% (25/305) of the animals. Cold season significantly affected (p = 0.037) Y. enterocolitica detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bonardi
- Unit of Food Inspection, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Sylvie Brémont
- Yersinia Research Unit and National Reference Laboratory for Yersinia, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris, France
| | - Alice Vismarra
- Unit of Food Inspection, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Ida Poli
- Unit of Food Inspection, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Diegoli
- Emilia-Romagna Region, Collective Prevention and Public Health Service, Viale Aldo Moro 21, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Bolzoni
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Sezione di Parma, Strada dei Mercati 13/A, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Margherita Corradi
- Management Body for Parks and Biodiversity "Emilia Occidentale", Sala Baganza, PR, Italy
| | - Stefano Gilioli
- Management Body for Parks and Biodiversity "Emilia Occidentale", Sala Baganza, PR, Italy
| | - Anne Sophie Le Guern
- Yersinia Research Unit and National Reference Laboratory for Yersinia, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris, France
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Imnadze T, Natradze I, Zhgenti E, Malania L, Abazashvili N, Sidamonidze K, Khmaladze E, Zakalashvili M, Imnadze P, Arner RJ, Motin V, Kosoy M. Identification of a Novel Yersinia enterocolitica Strain from Bats in Association with a Bat Die-Off That Occurred in Georgia (Caucasus). Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071000. [PMID: 32635480 PMCID: PMC7409352 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia entercolitica is a bacterial species within the genus Yersinia, mostly known as a human enteric pathogen, but also recognized as a zoonotic agent widespread in domestic pigs. Findings of this bacterium in wild animals are very limited. The current report presents results of the identification of cultures of Y. entercolitica from dead bats after a massive bat die-off in a cave in western Georgia. The growth of bacterial colonies morphologically suspected as Yersinia was observed from three intestine tissues of 11 bats belonging to the Miniopterus schreibersii species. These three isolates were identified as Y. enterocolitica based on the API29 assay. No growth of Brucella or Francisella bacteria was observed from tissues of dead bats. Full genomes (a size between 4.6–4.7 Mbp) of the Yersinia strains isolated from bats were analyzed. The phylogenetic sequence analyses of the genomes demonstrated that all strains were nearly identical and formed a distinct cluster with the closest similarity to the environmental isolate O:36/1A. The bat isolates represent low-pathogenicity Biotype 1A strains lacking the genes for the Ail, Yst-a, Ysa, and virulence plasmid pYV, while containing the genes for Inv, YstB, and MyfA. Further characterization of the novel strains cultured from bats can provide a clue for the determination of the pathogenic properties of those strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tata Imnadze
- Lugar Center for Public Health Research, 0184 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (E.Z.); (L.M.); (N.A.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (M.Z.); (P.I.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Epidemiology Department, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Ioseb Natradze
- Vertebrate Animals Research Group, Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, 0162 Tbilisi, Georgia;
| | - Ekaterine Zhgenti
- Lugar Center for Public Health Research, 0184 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (E.Z.); (L.M.); (N.A.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (M.Z.); (P.I.)
| | - Lile Malania
- Lugar Center for Public Health Research, 0184 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (E.Z.); (L.M.); (N.A.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (M.Z.); (P.I.)
| | - Natalia Abazashvili
- Lugar Center for Public Health Research, 0184 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (E.Z.); (L.M.); (N.A.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (M.Z.); (P.I.)
| | - Ketevan Sidamonidze
- Lugar Center for Public Health Research, 0184 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (E.Z.); (L.M.); (N.A.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (M.Z.); (P.I.)
| | - Ekaterine Khmaladze
- Lugar Center for Public Health Research, 0184 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (E.Z.); (L.M.); (N.A.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (M.Z.); (P.I.)
| | - Mariam Zakalashvili
- Lugar Center for Public Health Research, 0184 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (E.Z.); (L.M.); (N.A.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (M.Z.); (P.I.)
| | - Paata Imnadze
- Lugar Center for Public Health Research, 0184 Tbilisi, Georgia; (T.I.); (E.Z.); (L.M.); (N.A.); (K.S.); (E.K.); (M.Z.); (P.I.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Epidemiology Department, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Ryan J. Arner
- Ryan Arner Science Consulting LLC, Freeport, PA 16229, USA;
| | - Vladimir Motin
- Department of Pathology, University Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, USA;
| | - Michael Kosoy
- KB One Health LLC, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Correspondence:
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Bozcal E. A general view on virulence determinants and infection strategies of Yersinia enterocolitica. MINERVA BIOTECNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.23736/s1120-4826.19.02582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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PREVALENCE OF YERSINIA AMONG WILD SIKA DEER ( CERVUS NIPPON) AND BOARS ( SUS SCROFA) IN JAPAN. J Wildl Dis 2019; 56:270-277. [PMID: 31833814 DOI: 10.7589/2019-04-094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We examined the prevalence of Yersinia, including pathogenic species such as Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, among wild sika deer (Cervus nippon) and boars (Sus scrofa) captured in Japan. The prevalence of Yersinia in the wild deer was 75% (207/277) and in the boars was 74% (40/54). A total of 417 isolates of nine Yersinia species were isolated from the animals examined: the largest number of isolates (48%, 200/417) were Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A. Pathogenic Y. enterocolitica 1B/O:8 were also isolated from two deer, and Y. pseudotuberculosis serogroups 3 and 4 were isolated from two boars and a deer, respectively. The pathogenic Y. enterocolitica 1B/O:8 isolates carried four virulence genes (ail, ystA, yadA, and virF), and Y. pseudotuberculosis serogroups 3 and 4 isolates carried three virulence genes (inv, yadA, and lcrF). Although the Y. enterocolitica 1B/O:8 and Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates were sensitive to almost all the antimicrobials tested, the two Y. enterocolitica 1B/O:8 isolates were resistant to azithromycin and ampicillin, and the three Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates were resistant only to azithromycin. These findings suggested that wild deer and boars might be important reservoirs for the agent causing human yersiniosis.
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Leon-Velarde CG, Jun JW, Skurnik M. Yersinia Phages and Food Safety. Viruses 2019; 11:E1105. [PMID: 31795231 PMCID: PMC6950378 DOI: 10.3390/v11121105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the human- and animal-pathogenic species in genus Yersinia is Yersinia enterocolitica, a food-borne zoonotic pathogen that causes enteric infections, mesenteric lymphadenitis, and sometimes sequelae such as reactive arthritis and erythema nodosum. Y. enterocolitica is able to proliferate at 4 C, making it dangerous if contaminated food products are stored under refrigeration. The most common source of Y. enterocolitica is raw pork meat. Microbiological detection of the bacteria from food products is hampered by its slow growth rate as other bacteria overgrow it. Bacteriophages can be exploited in several ways to increase food safety with regards to contamination by Y. enterocolitica. For example, Yersinia phages could be useful in keeping the contamination of food products under control, or, alternatively, the specificity of the phages could be exploited in developing rapid and sensitive diagnostic tools for the identification of the bacteria in food products. In this review, we will discuss the present state of the research on these topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G. Leon-Velarde
- Agriculture and Food Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1H 8J7, Canada;
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Department of Aquaculture, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Mikael Skurnik
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 HY Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
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Ferl M, Mäde D, Braun PG. Combined molecular biological and microbiological detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in spiced ground pork, meat for production of ground pork and raw sausages. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-019-01257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Foley DA, Tan CE, Donaldson A, Vos J, Hutton S, Balm MND. The design, validation and clinical verification of an in-house qualitative PCR to detect Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in faeces. Pathology 2019; 51:733-736. [PMID: 31607377 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Yersiniosis is a zoonotic foodborne infection of public health significance. The aim of this study was to design and validate a simple, accurate and cost-effective polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect pathogenic Yersinia spp. in faecal samples. An intercalating dye (EvaGreen)-based real-time multiplex PCR assay was designed to detect yadA, ystB and inv by melt curve analysis, allowing undifferentiated detection of all Yersinia enterocolitica biotypes, including biotype 1A, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. The assay was validated using cultured bacteria and clinical samples. A total of 107 positive and 51 negative samples were tested. The sensitivity and specificity was 98% and 100%. The limit of detection was 104-105 CFU/g faeces. A total of 605 samples (9 positive) were tested in the clinical verification with an accuracy and negative predictive value of 99% [95% confidence interval (CI) 97.9-99.6%] and 99.8% (95% CI 97.9-99.6%), respectively. This is an accurate, simple and cost-effective assay for the detection of pathogenic Yersinia spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Anthony Foley
- Wellington Southern Community Laboratories, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Chor Ee Tan
- Wellington Southern Community Laboratories, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Arleen Donaldson
- Wellington Southern Community Laboratories, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jade Vos
- Wellington Southern Community Laboratories, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Samantha Hutton
- Wellington Southern Community Laboratories, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michelle N D Balm
- Wellington Southern Community Laboratories, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
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23
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Kiani P, Bakhshi B, Soltan-Dallal MM, Najar-Peerayeh S. Heterogeneity of Highly Susceptible Yersinia enterocolitica Isolates of Clinical and Environmental Origin: A 5-Year Survey from Iran (2011-2016). Microb Drug Resist 2019; 26:46-53. [PMID: 31414976 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance and virulence characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica strains of clinical and environmental origins over a 5-year period in Iran and to determine the genetic diversity of strains using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method. A total of 20 Y. enterocolitica strains were collected from 850 stool samples of patients with diarrhea, and 18 Yersinia spp. including 10 Y. enterocolitica were collected from water, food, and vegetable samples. The most frequently isolated Y. enterocolitica strains belonged to biotype (BT) 1A (83.33%). No Y. enterocolitica BT4 was detected that can be attributed to the absence of pig animal reservoir in Iranian food chain. The most frequent chromosomal virulence genes among the Y. enterocolitica isolates were inv (100%), ystA (67%), ystB (83%), tccC (20%), and ail (17%). The most frequent chromosomal virulence genes among non-enterocolitica Yersinia spp. isolates were ystB (87.5%), ystA (37.5%), and inv (37.5%). None of the Y. enterocolitica isolates harbored plasmid origin virulence genes. None of the isolates was resistant to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, and chloramphenicol, whereas 90% of the Y. enterocolitica and 62.5% of the Yersinia spp. strains were resistant to ampicillin. PFGE genotyping showed a heterogeneous population of highly susceptible Yersinia spp. in both clinical and environmental samples, putting forward a good prognosis in the treatment of patients with yersiniosis. The occurrence of biotype 1A with inv+ystA+ystB+ genotype in clinical strains implies the significance of inv, ystA, and ystB gene products in turning of naturally nonpathogenic biotype 1A strains into clinically important pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Kiani
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Bakhshi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Soltan-Dallal
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Najar-Peerayeh
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Singhal N, Pandey D, Kumar M, Virdi JS. Molecular analysis of ampR and ampD to understand variability in inducible expression of "BlaB-like" cephalosporinase in Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1A. Gene 2019; 704:25-30. [PMID: 30980942 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica strains produce two chromosomal β‑lactamases, BlaA - a constitutively produced penicillinase, and BlaB - an inducible "AmpC-type" cephalosporinase. As in other members of Enterobacteriaceae, expression of ampC in Y. enterocolitica is regulated by the genes - ampR and ampD. The ampR encodes a transcriptional regulator which represses the expression of ampC and, ampD encodes a cytoplasmic N‑acetyl‑anhydromuramyl‑l‑alanine amidase which participates in recycling of peptidoglycan. Exposure of bacteria to antibiotics like imipenem and cefoxitin results in generation and accumulation of large quantities of muropeptides in cytoplasm which is beyond the recycling capability of AmpD. These muropeptides bind to AmpR, converting it into an activator of ampC expression (ampC de-repression). Earlier studies from our laboratory indicated that instead of BlaB, Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A strains produced a "BlaB-like" enzyme which was non-heterogeneous and showed a differential expression when induced with imipenem. The detection of "BlaB-like" cephalosporinase which was also induced differentially in Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A strains presented an opportunity to discern newer mechanisms, if any, which may underlie inducible expression of "AmpC-type" cephalosporinases. Thus, the objective of the present study was to understand the role of ampR and ampD in regulating differential expression of "BlaB-like" cephalosporinases in biotype 1A strains. Analysis of promoters and amino acid sequences of AmpR revealed that these were conserved in all strains of biotype 1A. Analysis of AmpD amino acid sequences revealed that five variants of AmpD were present which did not contribute to hyper-inducible production of "BlaB-like" enzyme. In-silico prediction of the mRNA secondary structures of ampD revealed significant differences, which might have affected the rate of translation of ampD and accumulation of un-recycled muropeptides inside the cell leading to hyper production of "BlaB-like" cephalosporinases in some Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A strains. The findings provide newer insights to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying regulation of expression of "AmpC-type" β‑lactamases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelja Singhal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Deeksha Pandey
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
| | - Jugsharan Singh Virdi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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25
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Stachelska MA. Identification of Pathogenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica in Pig Tonsils Using the Real-Time PCR. Pol J Microbiol 2019; 67:219-222. [PMID: 30015460 PMCID: PMC7256803 DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2018-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of DNA-based methods enables to identify Yersinia enterocolitica carrying the ail-gene with a greater sensitivity compared to culture methods and biochemical tests used for detection of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in animal and food samples. In this study, 100 samples of pig tonsils were examined, among which 17 were positive for the ail gene. Additionally, biochemical tests and RT-PCR showed that nine Y. enterocolitica isolates carried the ail-gene. Two Y. enterocolitica isolates of 1A biotype had the ail gene. The results demonstrated the usefulness of RT-PCR method applied for detection of potentially pathogenic, possessing the ail gene Y. enterocolitica in the material examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena A Stachelska
- Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Food Technology and Gastronomy,Lomza,Poland
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26
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Singhal N, Maurya AK, Singh NS, Kumar M, Virdi JS. Antimicrobial resistance and its relationship with biofilm production and virulence-related factors in Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1A. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01777. [PMID: 31193467 PMCID: PMC6535577 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine antimicrobial susceptibilities, biofilm production and, to discern a relationship between antimicrobial resistance, biofilm potential and virulence-related genes in strains of Yersinia entercocolitica biotype 1A. Thirty strains of Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A including clinical and non-clinical strains were investigated. Antimicrobial susceptibility for 15 antibiotics (representing different classes) was determined by disk-diffusion assay. Biofilm potential was determined on two different culture media using crystal violet assay. Also, a co-relation was studied between antimicrobial susceptibilities, biofilm production and virulence-related genes. All strains of biotype 1A produced biofilms and exhibited varied level of susceptibilities for different antibiotics. More than 60% of the strains were strong to moderate biofilm producers and, were exclusively associated with REP/ERIC clonal group B. Moderate and strong biofilm producers exhibited both sensitive and resistant phenotypes towards different antibiotics. Interestingly, weak biofilm producers were resistant to amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefazolin. Analysis of antimicrobial susceptibilities, biofilm potential and virulence-related genes did not reveal any unequivocal relationships. The differential biofilm potential of Indian strains of Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A, suggests that biotype 1A strains are heterogeneous in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelja Singhal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Anay Kumar Maurya
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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27
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Di Marco N, Lucero-Estrada C, R Pungitore C. Aporphinoid alkaloids as antimicrobial agents against Yersinia enterocolitica. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 68:437-445. [PMID: 30687933 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne diseases have become a health issue worldwide, mainly due to the consumption of contaminated foods that are either raw, improperly heat treated or cross-contaminated after adequate heat treatment foods. A group of alkaloids extracted from plants were tested to evaluate their antimicrobial effect against different strains of Yersinia enterocolitica and other foodborne bacteria. The results obtained reveal that oliveridine and pachypodanthine inhibited Y. enterocolitica growth, with MIC values of 25 μmol l-1 and 100 μmol l-1 respectively. The results indicated that both alkaloids are good growth inhibitors, but oliveridine showed greater inhibitory effect with lower MIC values. Inhibitory alkaloids can be developed as potential antimicrobials in food system to prevent or treat foodborne diseases, thus contributing to solve the global issue of contaminated food consumption. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Alkaloids are abundant secondary metabolites in plants and represent one of the most widespread class of compounds endowed with multiple and varied pharmacological properties. In this work, we propose two aporphinoid alkaloids extracted from plants as new antimicrobial agents. Oliveridine and pachypodanthine inhibited Yersinia enterocolitica growth for up to 96 h of culture. This is the first reported study of the activity of these alkaloids as antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Di Marco
- Instituto de Investigación en Tecnología Química- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INTEQUI-CONICET), San Luis, Argentina.,Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - C Lucero-Estrada
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), San Luis, Argentina.,Microbiología General, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - C R Pungitore
- Instituto de Investigación en Tecnología Química- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INTEQUI-CONICET), San Luis, Argentina.,Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
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28
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Strydom H, Wang J, Paine S, Dyet K, Cullen K, Wright J. Evaluating sub-typing methods for pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica to support outbreak investigations in New Zealand. Epidemiol Infect 2019; 147:e186. [PMID: 31364520 PMCID: PMC6518587 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268819000773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidence of human yersiniosis in New Zealand has increased between 2013 and 2017. For surveillance and outbreak investigations it is essential that an appropriate level of discrimination between pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica isolates is provided, in order to support epidemiological linking of connected cases. Subtyping of 227 Y. enterocolitica isolates was performed using a range of different typing methods, including biotyping, serotyping and seven loci multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). In addition, core genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (core SNP) analysis and multi-locus sequence typing were performed on a subset of 69 isolates. Sixty-seven different MLVA types were identified. One MLVA profile was associated with an outbreak in the Bay of Plenty region, supported by epidemiological data. Core SNP analysis showed that all the outbreak-related isolates clustered together. The subtyping and epidemiological evidence suggests that the outbreak of yersiniosis in the Bay of Plenty region between October and December 2016 could be attributed to a point source. However, subtyping results further suggest that the same clone was isolated from several regions between August 2016 and March 2017. Core SNP analysis and MLVA typing failed to differentiate between Y. enterocolitica biotype 2 and biotype 3. For this reason, we propose that these biotypes should be reported as a single type namely: Y. enterocolitica biotype 2/3 and that the serotype should be prioritised as an indicator of prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Strydom
- Institute of Environmental Science & Research (ESR), Porirua, New Zealand
| | - J. Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science & Research (ESR), Porirua, New Zealand
| | - S. Paine
- Institute of Environmental Science & Research (ESR), Porirua, New Zealand
| | - K. Dyet
- Institute of Environmental Science & Research (ESR), Porirua, New Zealand
| | - K. Cullen
- Institute of Environmental Science & Research (ESR), Porirua, New Zealand
| | - J. Wright
- Institute of Environmental Science & Research (ESR), Porirua, New Zealand
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29
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Detection, virulence and antimicrobial resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica in bulk tank milk in Italy. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Fois F, Piras F, Torpdahl M, Mazza R, Ladu D, Consolati SG, Spanu C, Scarano C, De Santis EPL. Prevalence, bioserotyping and antibiotic resistance of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica detected in pigs at slaughter in Sardinia. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 283:1-6. [PMID: 29929063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to determine Yersinia enterocolitica prevalence in finishing pigs and piglets at slaughter and to characterize the isolates in terms of bioserotype, virulence profile, antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic diversity. During the years 2013-2014, nine pig slaughterhouses placed in Sardinia (Italy) were visited twice, in order to collect animal samples and scalding water. Overall, 609 samples respectively of tonsils (126), colon content (161), mesenteric lymph nodes (161) and carcass surfaces (161) were collected from 126 finishing pigs and 35 piglets. Moreover, 18 scalding water samples were collected. Samples were analyzed for the detection of Y. enterocolitica according to ISO 10273-2003 standard (with some modifications). With regard to finishing pigs, Y. enterocolitica was detected in 11.9% of colon content samples, 3.2% of tonsils and 2.4% of lymph nodes. In piglets, Y. enterocolitica prevalence was 8.6% in colon content and 2.8% lymph nodes samples. Y. enterocolitica was not detected from carcass surface samples of both finishing pigs and piglets and from scalding water samples. Isolates were bio- and serotyped, tested for the presence of four virulence genes by PCR (ail, ystA, ystB and inv) and for antimicrobial resistance by disc-diffusion method. Among 47 confirmed isolates, 33 (70.2%) belonged to bio-serotype 4:O3, 7 (14.9%) to bio-serotype 2/O:5 and 7 (14.9%) to bio-serotype 1A. Bio-serotype 1A was detected only in isolates of piglets' samples. In bio-serotype 4/O:3 isolates the most common virulence genes were ystA (97.0%), ail (84.8%) and inv (78.8%). In bio-serotype 2/O:5, ail, inv and ystA genes were detected in all of the isolates. All bio-serotype 1A isolates were ystB positive (lacking ail, inv and ystA). All isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, sulphonamide, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulphametoxazole. Resistances to ampicillin and cefalothin were the most common (100%), followed by amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (83.0%) and streptomycin (4.3%). Resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was detected in 57% of bio-serotype 4/O:3 isolates, 71% of bio-serotype 1A and 100% of bio-serotype 2/O:5 isolates. Two bio-serotype 4/O:3 isolates (6%) were resistant to streptomycin. Thirty-two pathogenic Y. enterocolitica isolates were tested by NotI-PFGE, which identified 5 patterns among bio-serotype 4/O:3 isolates and 2 patterns among bio-serotype 2/O:5 isolates. This study provides epidemiological data about human pathogenic Y. enterocolitica and highlight the role of pigs as a potential source of infection for the consumers in Sardinia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Fois
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesca Piras
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Mia Torpdahl
- Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Roberta Mazza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Daniela Ladu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Simonetta G Consolati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Carlo Spanu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Christian Scarano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Enrico P L De Santis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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31
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Syczyło K, Platt-Samoraj A, Bancerz-Kisiel A, Szczerba-Turek A, Pajdak-Czaus J, Łabuć S, Procajło Z, Socha P, Chuzhebayeva G, Szweda W. The prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica in game animals in Poland. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195136. [PMID: 29596492 PMCID: PMC5875811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural reservoirs of Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica comprise different animal species, but little is known about the role of wild animals in the epidemiology of yersiniosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of Y. enterocolitica among game animals in Poland. The bio-serotypes and the pathogenicity markers of the analyzed isolates were determined. The experimental material comprised rectal swabs from 857 free-living animals hunter-harvested over a period of 2 years (2013-2014) in hunting districts across Poland. The isolates from bacteriological studies were confirmed by PCR and bio-serotyped based on the results of biochemical and agglutination tests. In the group of the 218 analyzed isolates of Y. enterocolitica, 133 were derived from wild boars, 70 from red deer, 11 from roe deer and 4 from fallow deer, and they accounted for 61.0%, 32.1%, 5.1% and 1.8% of all isolates, respectively. Bio-serotyping assays revealed that 91.7% of the examined isolates belonged to biotype 1A (200/218). The remaining 18 isolates belonged to bio-serotypes 1B/NI (3/218, 1.4%), 1B/O:8 (1/218, 0.5%), 2/NI (6/218, 2.8%), 2/O:27 (1/218, 0.5%), 2/O:3 (1/218, 0.5%), 2/O:9 (2/218, 0.9%), 3/NI (2/218, 0.9%), 4/O:3 (1/218, 0.5%) and 4/O:9 (1/218, 0.5%). The ail gene, a suggestive virulence gene for Y. enterocolitica, has been found in 30 isolates from 20 wild boars, in 6 isolates from red deer, and in 1 isolate from roe deer. Our study demonstrated that Y. enterocolitica is frequently isolated from game animals in Poland, which poses a risk of spreading these infectious agents to other animal species and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Syczyło
- Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Platt-Samoraj
- Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agata Bancerz-Kisiel
- Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Szczerba-Turek
- Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Pajdak-Czaus
- Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sebastian Łabuć
- Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Procajło
- Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Piotr Socha
- Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Gulzhan Chuzhebayeva
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Technology, Baitursynov Kostanay State University, Baitursynov 47, Kostanay, Kazakhstan
| | - Wojciech Szweda
- Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, Olsztyn, Poland
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32
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Rouffaer LO, Strubbe D, Teyssier A, Salleh Hudin N, Van den Abeele AM, Cox I, Haesendonck R, Delmée M, Haesebrouck F, Pasmans F, Lens L, Martel A. Effects of urbanization on host-pathogen interactions, using Yersinia in house sparrows as a model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189509. [PMID: 29281672 PMCID: PMC5744950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Urbanization strongly affects biodiversity, altering natural communities and often leading to a reduced species richness. Yet, despite its increasingly recognized importance, how urbanization impacts on the health of individual animals, wildlife populations and on disease ecology remains poorly understood. To test whether, and how, urbanization-driven ecosystem alterations influence pathogen dynamics and avian health, we use house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and Yersinia spp. (pathogenic for passerines) as a case study. Sparrows are granivorous urban exploiters, whose western European populations have declined over the past decades, especially in highly urbanized areas. We sampled 329 house sparrows originating from 36 populations along an urbanization gradient across Flanders (Belgium), and used isolation combined with 'matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization- time of flight mass spectrometry' (MALDI-TOF MS) and PCR methods for detecting the presence of different Yersinia species. Yersinia spp. were recovered from 57.43% of the sampled house sparrows, of which 4.06%, 53.30% and 69.54% were identified as Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. enterocolitica and other Yersinia species, respectively. Presence of Yersinia was related to the degree of urbanization, average daily temperatures and the community of granivorous birds present at sparrow capture locations. Body condition of suburban house sparrows was found to be higher compared to urban and rural house sparrows, but no relationships between sparrows' body condition and presence of Yersinia spp. were found. We conclude that two determinants of pathogen infection dynamics, body condition and pathogen occurrence, vary along an urbanization gradient, potentially mediating the impact of urbanization on avian health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieze Oscar Rouffaer
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Diederik Strubbe
- Department of Biology (Terrestrial Ecology Unit), Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aimeric Teyssier
- Department of Biology (Terrestrial Ecology Unit), Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Noraine Salleh Hudin
- Department of Biology (Terrestrial Ecology Unit), Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science & Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | | | - Ivo Cox
- Microbiology Laboratory, AZ Sint Lucas Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roel Haesendonck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Michel Delmée
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Lens
- Department of Biology (Terrestrial Ecology Unit), Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Tuompo R, Hannu T, Huovinen E, Sihvonen L, Siitonen A, Leirisalo-Repo M. Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1A: a possible new trigger of reactive arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2017; 37:1863-1869. [PMID: 28918489 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3816-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica (YE) biotype 1A is generally considered non-pathogenic, and the role of it in causing reactive musculoskeletal complications is unclear. We evaluated the capability of YE biotype 1A to induce reactive arthritis (ReA) and other reactive musculoskeletal symptoms. Analysis of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms was supplemented with a telephone interview (with a permission to acquire copies of patient files from a local physician or hospital) and/or clinical examination of subjects with recent musculoskeletal symptoms after a positive stool culture for YE. The diagnoses of ReA and reactive tendinitis and enthesitis (ReTe) were defined as "definite" when based on clinical examination and/or on interview by phone and "probable" when based solely on the questionnaire. Of 120 subjects, who reported musculoskeletal symptoms, 100 were included in the final analysis. Among these 100 patients, 68% had YE biotype 1A, 16% YE bio/serotype 4, and 1% biotype 2 infection; the remaining 15% had different YE-like strains or a non-biotypable strain. Of the 21 patients with ReA and of the 14 patients with ReTe, the diagnosis was definite in 9 and 7 patients and probable in 12 and 7 patients, respectively. The clinical picture of ReA caused by YE biotype 1A was similar with other bio/serotypes of YE. The definite ReA due to YE biotype 1A occurred in middle-aged adults (5 men, 4 women) with the most frequently affected joints being the knees and ankles. We suggest that YE biotype 1A should be taken into account as a new trigger of ReA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riitta Tuompo
- Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Rheumatology, Inflammation Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, PO 372, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Timo Hannu
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa Huovinen
- Epidemiologic Surveillance and Response Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leila Sihvonen
- Bacteriology Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anja Siitonen
- Bacteriology Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
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Thomas MC, Janzen TW, Huscyzynsky G, Mathews A, Amoako KK. Development of a novel multiplexed qPCR and Pyrosequencing method for the detection of human pathogenic yersiniae. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 257:247-253. [PMID: 28704728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a novel and robust molecular assay for the detection of human pathogenic yersiniae (i.e. Yersinia enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. pestis) in complex food samples. The assay combines multiplexed real-time PCR (qPCR) and Pyrosequencing for detecting and differentiating human pathogenic yersiniae with high confidence through sequence based confirmation. The assay demonstrated 100% specificity and inclusivity when tested against a panel of 14 Y. enterocolitica, 22 Y. pestis, 24 Y. pseudotuberculosis and a diverse selection of 17 other non-Yersinia bacteria. Pyrosequencing reads ranged from 28 to 40bp in length and had 94-100% sequence identity to the correct species in the GenBank nr database. Microbial enrichments of 48 ready-to-eat foods collected in the Greater Toronto Area from March 2014 to May 2014, including 46 fresh sprout and 2 salad products, were then tested using the assay. All samples were negative for Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis. Both salads (n=2) and 35% of sprout products (n=46) including 7.1% of alfalfa sprouts (n=14), 81% of bean sprouts (n=16), 12% of mixed sprouts (n=8) tested positive for Y. enterocolitica which was not detected in broccoli sprouts (n=5), onion sprouts (n=1), and pea sprouts (n=2). Cycle thresholds (Ct) of positive samples for Y. enterocolitica were between 23.0 and 37.9 suggesting post enrichment concentrations of approximately 1×102 to 1×106Y. enterocolitica per 1mL of enriched broth. An internal amplification control which was coamplified with targets revealed PCR inhibition in five samples which was resolved following a one in ten dilution. Pyrosequencing of qPCR amplicons suggests monoclonality and revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism that is present in Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A suggesting low pathogenicity of the detected strains. This study is the first to combine Pyrosequencing and qPCR for the detection of human pathogenic yersiniae and is applicable to a broad range of complex samples including ready-to-eat food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Thomas
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge Laboratory, Township Rd 9-1, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 3Z4, Canada
| | - T W Janzen
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge Laboratory, Township Rd 9-1, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 3Z4, Canada
| | - G Huscyzynsky
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Greater Toronto Area Laboratory, 2301 Midland Ave., Scarborough, Ontario M1P 4R7, Canada
| | - A Mathews
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Greater Toronto Area Laboratory, 2301 Midland Ave., Scarborough, Ontario M1P 4R7, Canada
| | - K K Amoako
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge Laboratory, Township Rd 9-1, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 3Z4, Canada.
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Rouffaer LO, Baert K, Van den Abeele AM, Cox I, Vanantwerpen G, De Zutter L, Strubbe D, Vranckx K, Lens L, Haesebrouck F, Delmée M, Pasmans F, Martel A. Low prevalence of human enteropathogenic Yersinia spp. in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Flanders. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175648. [PMID: 28403184 PMCID: PMC5389835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) have been identified as potential carriers of Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis, the etiological agents of yersiniosis, the third most reported bacterial zoonosis in Europe. Enteropathogenic Yersinia spp. are most often isolated from rats during yersiniosis cases in animals and humans, and from rats inhabiting farms and slaughterhouses. Information is however lacking regarding the extent to which rats act as carriers of these Yersinia spp.. In 2013, 1088 brown rats across Flanders, Belgium, were tested for the presence of Yersinia species by isolation method. Identification was performed using MALDI-TOF MS, PCR on chromosomal- and plasmid-borne virulence genes, biotyping and serotyping. Yersinia spp. were isolated from 38.4% of the rats. Of these, 53.4% were designated Y. enterocolitica, 0.7% Y. pseudotuberculosis and 49.0% other Yersinia species. Two Y. enterocolitica possessing the virF-, ail- and ystA-gene were isolated. Additionally, the ystB-gene was identified in 94.1% of the other Y. enterocolitica isolates, suggestive for biotype 1A. Three of these latter isolates simultaneously possessed the ail-virulence gene. Significantly more Y. enterocolitica were isolated during winter and spring compared to summer. Based on our findings we can conclude that brown rats are frequent carriers for various Yersinia spp., including Y. pseudotuberculosis and (human pathogenic) Y. enterocolitica which are more often isolated during winter and spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieze Oscar Rouffaer
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kristof Baert
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Ivo Cox
- Microbiology Laboratory, AZ Sint Lucas Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gerty Vanantwerpen
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Zutter
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | - Luc Lens
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Michel Delmée
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Bursová Š, Necidová L, Haruštiaková D, Janštová B. Growth potential of Yersinia enterocolitica in pasteurised cow's and goat's milk stored at 8 °C and 24 °C. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zadernowska A, Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W. Prevalence, biofilm formation and virulence markers of Salmonella sp. and Yersinia enterocolitica in food of animal origin in Poland. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Petsios S, Fredriksson-Ahomaa M, Sakkas H, Papadopoulou C. Conventional and molecular methods used in the detection and subtyping of Yersinia enterocolitica in food. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 237:55-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Detection, seroprevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in pig tonsils in Northern Italy. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 235:125-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Terech-Majewska E, Pajdak J, Platt-Samoraj A, Szczerba-Turek A, Bancerz-Kisiel A, Grabowska K. Characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica
strains potentially virulent for humans and animals in river water. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:554-60. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Terech-Majewska
- Department of Epizootiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; Olsztyn Poland
| | - J. Pajdak
- Department of Epizootiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; Olsztyn Poland
| | - A. Platt-Samoraj
- Department of Epizootiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; Olsztyn Poland
| | - A. Szczerba-Turek
- Department of Epizootiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; Olsztyn Poland
| | - A. Bancerz-Kisiel
- Department of Epizootiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; Olsztyn Poland
| | - K. Grabowska
- Department of Epizootiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; Olsztyn Poland
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Alenizi D, Ringwood T, Redhwan A, Bouraha B, Wren BW, Prentice M, McNally A. All Yersinia enterocolitica are pathogenic: virulence of phylogroup 1 Y. enterocolitica in a Galleria mellonella infection model. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2016; 162:1379-1387. [PMID: 27221796 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica is a zoonotic pathogen and a common cause of gastroenteritis in humans. The species is composed of six diverse phylogroups, of which strains of phylogroup 1 are considered non-pathogenic to mammals due to the lack of the major virulence plasmid pYV, and their lack of virulence in a mouse infection model. In the present report we present data examining the pathogenicity of strains of Y. enterocolitica across all six phylogroups in a Galleria mellonellla model. We have demonstrated that in this model strains of phylogroup 1 exhibit severe pathogenesis with a lethal dose of as low as 10 c.f.u., that this virulence is an active process and that flagella play a major role in the virulence phenotype. We have also demonstrated that the complete lack of virulence in Galleria of the mammalian pathogenic phylogroups is not due to carriage of the pYV virulence plasmid. Our data suggest that all Y. enterocolitica can be pathogenic, which may be a reflection of the true natural habitat of the species, and that we may need to reconsider the eco-evo perspective of this important bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhahi Alenizi
- Nottingham Trent University, Pathogen Research Group, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Tamara Ringwood
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alya Redhwan
- Nottingham Trent University, Pathogen Research Group, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Bouchra Bouraha
- Nottingham Trent University, Pathogen Research Group, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Michael Prentice
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan McNally
- Nottingham Trent University, Pathogen Research Group, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
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Liang J, Li X, Zha T, Chen Y, Hao H, Liu C, Duan R, Xiao Y, Su M, Wang X, Jing H. DTDP-rhamnosyl transferase RfbF, is a newfound receptor-related regulatory protein for phage phiYe-F10 specific for Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22905. [PMID: 26965493 PMCID: PMC4786787 DOI: 10.1038/srep22905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages and their hosts are continuously engaged in evolutionary competition. Here we isolated a lytic phage phiYe-F10 specific for Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3. We firstly described the phage receptor was regulated by DTDP-rhamnosyl transferase RfbF, encoded within the rfb cluster that was responsible for the biosynthesis of the O antigens. The deletion of DTDP-rhamnosyl transferase RfbF of wild type O:3 strain caused failure in phiYe-F10 adsorption; however, the mutation strain retained agglutination with O:3 antiserum; and complementation of its mutant converted its sensitivity to phiYe-F10. Therefore, DTDP-rhamnosyl transferase RfbF was responsible for the phage infection but did not affect recognition of Y. enterocolitica O:3 antiserum. Further, the deletions in the putative O-antigen biosynthesis protein precursor and outer membrane protein had no effect on sensitivity to phiYe-F10 infection. However, adsorption of phages onto mutant HNF10-ΔO-antigen took longer time than onto the WT, suggesting that deletion of the putative O-antigen biosynthesis protein precursor reduced the infection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Liang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, No.155, Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xu Li
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, No.155, Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Tao Zha
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, No.155, Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing, 102206, China.,Wuhu Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 178, Jiuhua central Road, Wuhu, Anhui Province, 241000, China
| | - Yuhuang Chen
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, No.155, Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Huijing Hao
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, No.155, Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chang Liu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, No.155, Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing, 102206, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medical Science, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, China
| | - Ran Duan
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, No.155, Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuchun Xiao
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, No.155, Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Mingming Su
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 15, Datun Road, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xin Wang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, No.155, Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Huaiqi Jing
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, No.155, Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing, 102206, China
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Kh ZH, Kh M, H B, I B, B MBAA. Safety characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from raw milk in Western Algeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2015.7839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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44
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Sokolova ED, Galtaeva AM, Zamurei OU, Didichenko OV, Sokolova UV, Muratova VA, Ligorova OU, Zhuravleva IN, Makarova MA, Kaftyreva LA. ACUTE ENTERIC INFECTIONS POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ASSAY IN PEDIATRIC PRACTICE: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-2016-3-225-231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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45
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Ye Q, Wu Q, Hu H, Zhang J, Huang H. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity ofYersinia enterocoliticaisolated from retail frozen foods in China. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:fnv197. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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46
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Kanaujia PK, Bajaj P, Virdi JS. Analysis of iron acquisition and storage-related genes in clinical and non-clinical strains of Yersinia enterocolitica biovar 1A. APMIS 2015. [PMID: 26223204 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Possession of mechanisms for iron acquisition and its storage enhances the ability of the bacteria to survive in the iron-limiting environment of the host. In this study, 81 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica biovar 1A isolated from various clinical (n = 51) and non-clinical (n = 30) sources were investigated for the presence of the genes related to iron acquisition and storage. Important genes which were present in more than 85% of the strains included hasA, foxA, bfr, bfd, ftnA, and hmsT as well as the fhuCDB, fepBDGCfesfepA, feoAB, yfuABCD, hemPRSTUV, and hmsHFRS gene clusters. Majority of these genes is being reported for the first time in biovar 1A strains and showed significant homology with genes present in the known pathogenic biovars of Y. enterocolitica. However, no significant difference was observed in the distribution of iron acquisition and storage-related genes among clinical and non-clinical biovar 1A strains. Thus, it may be suggested that the presence of iron acquisition and storage-related genes per se might not be responsible for the supposedly better ability of clinical biovar 1A strains to cause infections in humans. However, in the backdrop of this data, the need to undertake functional studies are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Kanaujia
- Microbial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Bajaj
- Microbial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Jugsharan Singh Virdi
- Microbial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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Yersinia enterocolitica Isolates from Wild Boars Hunted in Lower Saxony, Germany. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:4835-40. [PMID: 25956779 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00550-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersiniosis is strongly associated with the consumption of pork contaminated with enteropathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica, which is harbored by domestic pigs without showing clinical signs of disease. In contrast to data on Y. enterocolitica isolated from conventionally reared swine, investigations into the occurrence of Y. enterocolitica in wild boars in Germany are rare. The objectives of the study were to get knowledge about these bacteria and their occurrence in wild boars hunted in northern Germany by isolation of the bacteria from the tonsils, identification of the bioserotypes, determination of selected virulence factors, macrorestriction analysis, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and testing of antimicrobial susceptibility. Altogether, tonsils from 17.1% of 111 tested wild boars were positive for Y. enterocolitica by culture methods. All but two isolates belonged to biotype (BT) 1A, with the majority of isolates bearing a ystB nucleotide sequence which was revealed to have 85% identity to internal regions of Y. enterocolitica heat-stable enterotoxin type B genes. The remaining Y. enterocolitica isolates were identified to be BT 1B and did not carry the virulence plasmid. However, two BT 1A isolates carried the ail gene. Macrorestriction analysis and results from MLST showed a high degree of genetic diversity of the isolates, although the region where the samples were taken was restricted to Lower Saxony, Germany, and wild boars were shot during one hunting season. In conclusion, most Y. enterocolitica isolates from wild boars investigated in this study belonged to biotype 1A. Enteropathogenic Y. enterocolitica bioserotypes 4/O:3 and 2/O:9, usually harbored by commercially raised pigs in Europe, could not be identified.
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Kanaujia PK, Bajaj P, Kumar S, Singhal N, Virdi JS. Proteomic analysis of Yersinia enterocolitica biovar 1A under iron-rich and iron-poor conditions indicate existence of efficiently regulated mechanisms of iron homeostasis. J Proteomics 2015; 124:39-49. [PMID: 25913300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The pathogenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica biovar 1A strains is controversial as these lack most of the known virulence factors. Acquisition of iron and presence of well-regulated iron homeostasis in bacteria represents an important virulence trait. Differential abundance of proteins was examined under iron-rich and iron-poor conditions in a clinical Y. enterocolitica biovar 1A strain IP27407. Whole cell protein profiles were analysed by 2D gel electrophoresis (2D-GE). Following statistical and MALDI-TOF MS analyses, 28 differentially abundant proteins were identified. Significant iron-responsive changes were observed in the proteins involved in iron acquisition or storage namely, hemin receptor (HemR), periplasmic Fe(2+) transport protein (Tpd), periplasmic chelated iron-binding protein (YfeA) and bacterioferritin (Bfr). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) of eight mRNA transcripts revalidated the differential protein abundance. In silico analysis of iron homeostasis mediated by the bacterioferritin and bacterioferritin-associated ferredoxin (Bfr-Bfd) complex suggested two pathways for the release of reserve iron which might be operating under conditions of different iron availability. The study, for the first time, showed the existence of highly competent iron homeostasis mechanisms in Y. enterocolitica biovar 1A and identified the key proteins involved thereof. Such mechanisms might have implications for the pathogenicity of Y. enterocolitica biovar 1A strains. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Although, a few studies have identified the differentially abundant bacterial proteins in response to iron starvation, little information is available in this regard for Y. enterocolitica (especially, the biovar 1A strains). In the present study, differential abundance of several proteins was identified under iron-rich and iron-poor conditions by 2D-GE and MALDI-TOF/MS analysis. These included proteins which may not only be directly implicated in iron acquisition or storage but also play crucial role in cellular metabolism. Given the absence of most known virulence factors in Y. enterocolitica biovar 1A strains, demonstration of well-regulated mechanisms for efficient iron homeostasis constitutes an important observation. The proteins, as identified in the present study, provide useful insights to further unravel the potential pathogenicity of the biovar 1A strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Kanaujia
- Microbial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110 021, India.
| | - Priyanka Bajaj
- Microbial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110 021, India.
| | - Shakti Kumar
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India.
| | - Neelja Singhal
- Microbial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110 021, India.
| | - Jugsharan Singh Virdi
- Microbial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110 021, India.
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Use of whole-genus genome sequence data to develop a multilocus sequence typing tool that accurately identifies Yersinia isolates to the species and subspecies levels. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 53:35-42. [PMID: 25339391 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02395-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Yersinia is a large and diverse bacterial genus consisting of human-pathogenic species, a fish-pathogenic species, and a large number of environmental species. Recently, the phylogenetic and population structure of the entire genus was elucidated through the genome sequence data of 241 strains encompassing every known species in the genus. Here we report the mining of this enormous data set to create a multilocus sequence typing-based scheme that can identify Yersinia strains to the species level to a level of resolution equal to that for whole-genome sequencing. Our assay is designed to be able to accurately subtype the important human-pathogenic species Yersinia enterocolitica to whole-genome resolution levels. We also report the validation of the scheme on 386 strains from reference laboratory collections across Europe. We propose that the scheme is an important molecular typing system to allow accurate and reproducible identification of Yersinia isolates to the species level, a process often inconsistent in nonspecialist laboratories. Additionally, our assay is the most phylogenetically informative typing scheme available for Y. enterocolitica.
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