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Tchouaket MCT, Ka’e AC, Semengue ENJ, Sosso SM, Simo RK, Yagai B, Nka AD, Chenwi CA, Abba A, Fainguem N, Perno CF, Colizzi V, Fokam J. Variability of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus and Associated Factors among Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pathogens 2023; 12:1032. [PMID: 37623992 PMCID: PMC10458438 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) carries the highest burden of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in the world, driven by, and together with, HIV infection. This systematic review aimed to identify HR-HPV genotypes and their associated factors among women in SSA. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies conducted in SSA on HR-HPV was conducted. Standard electronic databases were searched. R software version 3.6.0 was used for meta-analysis, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS We included 28 articles with a total of 22,652 participants. The overall pooled prevalence of HR-HPV genotypes was 55.13%, albeit high heterogeneity between studies. The overall pooled prevalence of HR-HPV genotypes in HIV-positive individuals was 75.51%, compared to 52.97% in HIV-negatives (OR = 4.68 (0.71-30.76)). HPV 16 (18%), 35 (10.12%), 52 (9.98%), 18 (9.7%) and 45 (6.82%) genotypes were the most prevalent. Twelve studies identified the most frequently reported risk factors associated with HR-HPV, with HIV infection (66.66%), multiple sexual partners (41.66%) and young age (41.66%) being the most reported risk factors. CONCLUSIONS The combined prevalence of HR-HPV genotypes among women in general and HIV-infected women in particular remains high in SSA. The presence of several genotypes not covered by the vaccine is remarkable and suggests the need for revision of current vaccination policies to prevent HR-HPV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Carlos Tommo Tchouaket
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3077, Cameroon (S.M.S.); (R.K.S.); (B.Y.); (A.D.N.); (C.A.C.); (A.A.); (N.F.)
- School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 1110, Cameroon
| | - Aude Christelle Ka’e
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3077, Cameroon (S.M.S.); (R.K.S.); (B.Y.); (A.D.N.); (C.A.C.); (A.A.); (N.F.)
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3077, Cameroon (S.M.S.); (R.K.S.); (B.Y.); (A.D.N.); (C.A.C.); (A.A.); (N.F.)
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Sciences, Evangelical University of Bandjoun, Bandjoun P.O. Box 127, Cameroon;
| | - Samuel Martin Sosso
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3077, Cameroon (S.M.S.); (R.K.S.); (B.Y.); (A.D.N.); (C.A.C.); (A.A.); (N.F.)
| | - Rachel Kamgaing Simo
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3077, Cameroon (S.M.S.); (R.K.S.); (B.Y.); (A.D.N.); (C.A.C.); (A.A.); (N.F.)
| | - Bouba Yagai
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3077, Cameroon (S.M.S.); (R.K.S.); (B.Y.); (A.D.N.); (C.A.C.); (A.A.); (N.F.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Evangelical University of Bandjoun, Bandjoun P.O. Box 127, Cameroon;
| | - Alex Durand Nka
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3077, Cameroon (S.M.S.); (R.K.S.); (B.Y.); (A.D.N.); (C.A.C.); (A.A.); (N.F.)
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Sciences, Evangelical University of Bandjoun, Bandjoun P.O. Box 127, Cameroon;
| | - Collins Ambe Chenwi
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3077, Cameroon (S.M.S.); (R.K.S.); (B.Y.); (A.D.N.); (C.A.C.); (A.A.); (N.F.)
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Aissatou Abba
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3077, Cameroon (S.M.S.); (R.K.S.); (B.Y.); (A.D.N.); (C.A.C.); (A.A.); (N.F.)
| | - Nadine Fainguem
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3077, Cameroon (S.M.S.); (R.K.S.); (B.Y.); (A.D.N.); (C.A.C.); (A.A.); (N.F.)
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Sciences, Evangelical University of Bandjoun, Bandjoun P.O. Box 127, Cameroon;
| | | | - Vittorio Colizzi
- Faculty of Sciences, Evangelical University of Bandjoun, Bandjoun P.O. Box 127, Cameroon;
| | - Joseph Fokam
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé P.O. Box 3077, Cameroon (S.M.S.); (R.K.S.); (B.Y.); (A.D.N.); (C.A.C.); (A.A.); (N.F.)
- School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 1110, Cameroon
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Sciences, Evangelical University of Bandjoun, Bandjoun P.O. Box 127, Cameroon;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buéa P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
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Iravani K, Bakhshi F, Doostkam A, Malekmakan L, Tale M, Jafari P, Dowran R. Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in benign laryngeal lesions and role of cigarette smoking as an inducing factor. Virusdisease 2021; 32:255-259. [PMID: 34350316 PMCID: PMC8324672 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of human papillomavirus (HPV) in laryngeal malignancies is largely known. This study evaluated the association between HPV and benign laryngeal lesions and also the role of smoking and alcohol consumption in increasing the prevalence of HPV in such benign lesions. Seventy-eight specimens of benign laryngeal lesions including 26 polyps, 26 dysplasia, and 26 other lesions such as nodules and cysts were enrolled in this study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect HPV DNA in the tissues. The role of smoking and alcohol consumption in the prevalence of HPV was also evaluated through appropriate statistical tests. This study showed that the prevalence of HPV in benign laryngeal lesions was not statistically significant. The Cohen's effect size for comparing polyps vs. other lesions was nearly 0.7, indicating that HPV prevalence in laryngeal polyps may be clinically meaningful. Another finding in our study is the role of smoking in increasing the HPV prevalence in laryngeal polyps (P = 0.034). In benign laryngeal polyps, HPV prevalence may be clinically important. Smoking acts as a co-factor to induce HPV infection in laryngeal polyps in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Iravani
- Department of Otolaryngology, Otolaryngology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fariba Bakhshi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Otolaryngology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aida Doostkam
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Malekmakan
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masih Tale
- Department of Otolaryngology, Otolaryngology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Peyman Jafari
- Department of Biostatistics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Razieh Dowran
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Bogale AL, Belay NB, Medhin G, Ali JH. Molecular epidemiology of human papillomavirus among HIV infected women in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. Virol J 2020; 17:179. [PMID: 33198743 PMCID: PMC7670609 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although, there is a variable burden of human papillomavirus (HPV) in women infected with HIV in developing countries, there are few studies that attempted to surmise such variable evidences. This review aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of HPV genotype distribution and risk factors contributing to HPV infection among women infected with HIV in low- and middle-income countries. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies conducted in developing countries and reported HPV prevalence. We searched electronic databases: PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, Excerpta Medical Database from Elsevier, Web of science, Cumulative Index of Nursing and allied Health Sciences and Google scholar databases to retrieve primary studies published in English language till 11th August 2019. We used random-effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence of HPV genotypes, and funnel plot to assess publication bias. The registration number of this review study protocol is CRD42019123549. Results We included nineteen studies with a total of 8,175 participants in this review. The prevalence of HPV was extremely heterogeneous across the studies (χ2= 3782.80, p value < 0.001, I2 = 99.6%). The estimated pooled prevalence of all HPV genotypes was 63.0% (95% CI: 48.0–78.0) while the pooled prevalence of high risk and low risk HPV genotypes were 51.0% (95% CI: 38.0–63.0) and 28.0% (95% CI: 12.0–43.0), respectively. The pooled prevalence of HPV genotype 16 was 20%, while genotype 18 and 52 were 15% and 13%, respectively. Different risk factors reported for HPV infection and the frequently reported were low CD4 count below 200 cells/mm3 and high HIV viral load.
Conclusion The pooled prevalence of HPV among HIV infected women in low- and middle-income countries was considerable and the proportion of high risk HPV genotypes were high when compared with low risk genotypes. Therefore, it is essential for the HPV prevention program to prevent the double burden of HPV and HIV in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agajie Likie Bogale
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, and Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Nega Berhe Belay
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Girmay Medhin
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jemal Haidar Ali
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, 1000, P.O. Box 27285, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Sancer O, Şirin MC, Arıdoğan B, Sesli Çetin E, Yiğit A, Tepebaşı MY, Aslan Koşar P. Comparison of DNA damage and proliferative capacities in smear samples of HPV positive and negative patients by micronucleus counting and AgNOR staining. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:354-358. [PMID: 32744459 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1800091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is believed to cause cervical cancer. Thousands of women develop cancer and other diseases caused by HPV each year. HPV 16 and 18 types are found in approximately 70% of cervical cancers. Micronuclei are small chromosomal fragments that are considered indicators of DNA damage. AgNOR positive dots are useful for assessing proliferation. We investigated the relation between HPV-DNA, micronuclei and AgNOR in smear samples. Three groups were defined: HPV negative, 16/18 positive and other high-risk groups (31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 66 and 68) (HR). After typing, micronuclei were identified by Papanicolaou staining and AgNOR regions were detected by silver staining. Serum reactive protein (CRP) also was measured. We found that the average age of HPV negative patients was significantly greater than for the HPV positive groups. We also found that CRP levels were significantly higher in the HPV 16/18 positive group than HPV negative and other HPV group. We found that the number of micronuclei in the HPV 16/18 group was significantly greater than for the HPV negative group. Also, we found that AgNOR staining for the HPV 16/18 group was significantly greater than for the HPV negative group. We found that CRP level, cell proliferation and genome instability were increased in HPV positive patients. The AgNOR and micronucleus tests were useful for evaluating cell proliferation and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okan Sancer
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Süleyman Demirel, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mümtaz Cem Şirin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Süleyman Demirel, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Buket Arıdoğan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Süleyman Demirel, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Emel Sesli Çetin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Süleyman Demirel, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yiğit
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Süleyman Demirel, Isparta, Turkey
| | | | - Pınar Aslan Koşar
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Süleyman Demirel, Isparta, Turkey
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Jia Y, Zhu C, Du J, Xiang Y, Chen Y, Wang W, Tao C. Investigating safety profiles of human papillomavirus vaccine across group differences using VAERS data and MedDRA. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7490. [PMID: 31497391 PMCID: PMC6707342 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The safety of vaccines is a critical factor in maintaining public trust in national vaccination programs. This study aimed to evaluate the safety profiles of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines with regard to the distribution of adverse events (AE) across gender and age, and the correlations across various AEs using the Food and Drug Administration/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Methods For analyses, 27,348 patients aged between 9 and 25 years old with at least one AE reported in VAERS between the year of 2006 and 2017 were included. AEs were summarized into two levels: the lower level preferred term (PT) and higher level system organ classes (SOCs) based on the structure of Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). A series of statistical analyses were applied on both levels of AEs. Zero-truncated Poisson regression and multivariate logistic regression models were first developed to assess the rate and risk of SOCs across age groups and genders. Pairwise Pearson correlation analyses and hierarchical clustering analyses were then conducted to explore the interrelationships and clustering pattern among AEs. Results We identified 27,337 unique HPV vaccine reports between 2006 and 2017. Disproportional reporting of AEs was observed across age and gender in 21 SOCs (p < 0.05). The correlation analyses found most SOCs demonstrate weak positive correlations except for five pairs which were negatively correlated: skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders + injury poisoning and procedural complications; skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders + nervous system disorders; Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders + pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions; nervous system disorders + pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions; pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions + general disorders and administration site conditions. Nervous system disorders had the most AEs which contributed to 12,448 (46%) cases. In the further analyses of correlations between PT in nervous system disorders, the three most strongly correlated AEs were psychiatric disorders (r = 0.35), gastrointestinal disorders (r = 0.215), and musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders (r = 0.261). We observed an inter-SOCs correlation of the PTs among AE pairs by nervous system disorders/psychiatric disorders/gastrointestinal disorders/musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders. Conclusions The analyses revealed a different distribution pattern of AEs across gender and age subgroups in 21 SOC level AEs. Correlation analyses and hierarchical clustering analyses further revealed several correlated patterns across various AEs. However, findings from this study should be interpreted with caution. Further clinical studies are needed to understand the heterogeneity of AEs reporting across subgroups and the biological pathways among the statistically correlated AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Jia
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cong Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jingcheng Du
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang Xiang
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Cui Tao
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Dysregulation of cellular microRNAs by human oncogenic viruses - Implications for tumorigenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:95-105. [PMID: 29378330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infection with certain animal and human viruses, often referred to as tumor viruses, induces oncogenic processes in their host. These viruses can induce tumorigenesis through direct and/or indirect mechanisms, and the regulation of microRNAs expression has been shown to play a key role in this process. Some human oncogenic viruses can express their own microRNAs; however, they all can dysregulate the expression of cellular microRNAs, facilitating their respective life cycles. The modulation of cellular microRNAs expression brings consequences to the host cells that may lead to malignant transformation, since microRNAs regulate the expression of genes involved in oncogenic pathways. This review focus on the mechanisms used by each human oncogenic virus to dysregulate the expression of cellular microRNAs, and their impact on tumorigenesis.
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Tan YH, Sidik SM, Syed Husain SNA, Lye MS, Chong PP. CYP1A1 MspI Polymorphism and Cervical Carcinoma Risk in the Multi-Ethnic Population of Malaysia: a Case-Control Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:57-64. [PMID: 26838255 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking is considered a risk factor for cervical cancer development due to the presence of tobacco based carcinogenic metabolites in cervical cells of female smokers. In this study, we investigated the role of the T3801C (MspI) polymorphism of CYP1A1, a gene encoding an enzyme necessary for the initiation of tobacco based carcinogen metabolism, on cervical cancer risk. The T to C substitution may alter CYP1A1 activities, potentially elevating cervical cancer risk. Since results of gene-disease association studies vary according to the study population, the multi-ethnic population of Malaysia provides an excellent representative cohort for identifying and comparing the cervical cancer risk among the 3 major ethnics in Southeast Asia in relation to CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 195 Thin Prep Pap smear samples from HPV negative and cancer free females were randomly selected as controls while 106 formalin fixed paraffin embedded samples from females with invasive cervical cancer were randomly selected for the cases group. The polymorphisms were identified using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) PCR. RESULTS We found no significant associations between CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism and cervical cancer in the general Malaysian female population. However, upon ethnic stratification, the variant C/C genotype was significantly associated with a 4.66-fold increase in cervical cancer risk in Malay females (95% CI= 1.21-17.9; p=0.03). No significant association was observed in the Chinese and Indian females. Additionally, there were no significant associations in the dominant model and allele frequency model analysis in both the general and ethnically stratified female population of Malaysia. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the C/C genotype of CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism is associated with the development of cervical carcinoma in the Malay females of Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Hock Tan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia E-mail :
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Suijkerbuijk AWM, Donken R, Lugnér AK, de Wit GA, Meijer CJLM, de Melker HE, Bogaards JA. The whole story: a systematic review of economic evaluations of HPV vaccination including non-cervical HPV-associated diseases. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 16:361-375. [PMID: 27807989 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1256778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many economic evaluations of HPV vaccination have been published, but most have focused on the prevention of cervical disease as a primary health outcome. The cost-effectiveness of vaccination is likely to be underestimated if not all HPV-associated diseases are taken into account. In this review, we assess the influence of non-cervical HPV-associated diseases on the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of preadolescent HPV vaccination. Areas covered: We systematically searched the literature and identified 18 studies that included non-cervical diseases in the estimates of cost-effectiveness of HPV-vaccination. When taking other HPV-related diseases into account compared to not including such other diseases, the mean ICERs were 2.85 times more favorable for girls only vaccination and 3.89 times for gender neutral vaccination. Expert commentary: Including non-cervical diseases in economic evaluations of HPV vaccination programs makes it more likely that the ICER falls beneath accepted cost-effectiveness thresholds and therefore increases the scope for gender neutral vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita W M Suijkerbuijk
- a Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services , National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven , The Netherlands
| | - Robine Donken
- b Center for Epidemiology and Surveillance , National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven , The Netherlands.,c Department of Pathology , VU University Medical Centre (VUmc) , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Anna K Lugnér
- b Center for Epidemiology and Surveillance , National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven , The Netherlands
| | - G Ardine de Wit
- a Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services , National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven , The Netherlands.,d Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care , University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Chris J L M Meijer
- c Department of Pathology , VU University Medical Centre (VUmc) , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Hester E de Melker
- b Center for Epidemiology and Surveillance , National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven , The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Bogaards
- b Center for Epidemiology and Surveillance , National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven , The Netherlands
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Akram N, Imran M, Noreen M, Ahmed F, Atif M, Fatima Z, Bilal Waqar A. Oncogenic Role of Tumor Viruses in Humans. Viral Immunol 2016; 30:20-27. [PMID: 27830995 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are the intracellular pathogens that reproduce only in the living cell and manipulate the cellular machinery to produce more viruses. Viral replications can affect cellular genes of the host in multiple cancerous ways. Approximately, 20% of all human oncogenesis is caused by cancer-causing viruses known as oncoviruses. Viral infection causes chronic inflammation leading to cell death, uncontrollable proliferation, and modulated expression of some of the regulatory proteins. Oncogenesis is a multistep phenomenon in which normal host cells are transformed into cancerous cells on the basis of host genetic variability. Oncogenic viruses encode genes that cause viral replication and transformation of the host cells to produce viral proteins and protein complexes. The phenomenon from basic viral infection to tumorigenesis is lengthy due to the involvement of factors like immunity complications, cellular mutations, and exposure to other cancerous agents. The viruses that are involved in human cancer development are Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Human papilloma virus (HPV), Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV), and Human T lymphotrophic virus 1 (HTLV-1). This review article summarizes advanced knowledge related to human oncogenic viruses and the molecular mechanisms that lead to tumorigenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrah Akram
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (DMLS), Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences (FHAS), Imperial College of Business Studies (ICBS) , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (DMLS), Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences (FHAS), Imperial College of Business Studies (ICBS) , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mamoona Noreen
- 2 Department of Zoology, The Women University Multan , Multan, Pakistan
| | - Fayyaz Ahmed
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (DMLS), Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences (FHAS), Imperial College of Business Studies (ICBS) , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (DMLS), Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences (FHAS), Imperial College of Business Studies (ICBS) , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zareen Fatima
- 3 Department of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging (DRSMI) , FHAS, ICBS, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Bilal Waqar
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (DMLS), Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences (FHAS), Imperial College of Business Studies (ICBS) , Lahore, Pakistan
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Xie Y, Shen YT, Kapoor A, Ojo D, Wei F, De Melo J, Lin X, Wong N, Yan J, Tao L, Major P, Tang D. CYB5D2 displays tumor suppression activities towards cervical cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:556-565. [PMID: 26692170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is caused by infections with human papillomaviruses (HPV) and genetic alternations in the cervical epithelium. While the former is well studied, the latter remains unclear. We report here that CYB5D2/Neuferricin possesses tumor suppressing activity towards cervical tumorigenesis. Ectopic expression of CYB5D2 did not affect HeLa cell proliferation and the cell's ability to form xenograft tumors, but significantly inhibited HeLa cell invasion in vitro and the cell-produced lung metastasis in NOD/SCID mice. Knockdown of CYB5D2 enhanced HeLa cell invasion. Two mutations in CYB5D2, the substitutions of arginine (R) 7 with either proline (P) or glycine (G), were reported in colon cancer. Both CYB5D2(R7P) and CYB5D2(R7G) were incapable of inhibiting HeLa cell invasion. CYB5D2 binds heme, in which aspartate (D) 86 is required. While CYB5D2(D86G) is heme-binding defective, it inhibited HeLa cell invasion. On the other hand, CYB5D2(R7P) and CYB5D2(R7G) bound heme but did not inhibit HeLa cell invasion. Collectively, CYB5D2 inhibits HeLa cell invasion independently of its heme binding. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry examination of CYB5D2 expression in 20 normal cervical tissues and 40 cervical squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) revealed a CYB5D2 reduction in 87.5% (35/40) of SCC. Analysis of CYB5D2 gene expression and genomic alteration data available from Oncomeine™ detected significant reductions of CYB5D2 mRNA in 40 SCCs and CYB5D2 gene copy number in 107 SCCs. Collectively, we provide evidence that CYB5D2 is a candidate tumor suppressor of cervical tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Canada; The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Canada
| | - Yen Ting Shen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Canada; The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Canada; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diane Ojo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Canada; The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Canada
| | - Fengxiang Wei
- The Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Women and Children's Health, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China; ZhunYi Medical University, Zhunyi, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Jason De Melo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Canada; The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Canada
| | - Xiaozeng Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Canada; The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Canada
| | - Nicholas Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Canada; The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Canada
| | - Judy Yan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Canada; The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Canada
| | - Lijian Tao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Pierre Major
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Canada; The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Canada.
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11
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Bahmani A, Baghianimoghadam MH, Enjezab B, Mazloomy Mahmoodabad SS, Askarshahi M. Factors Affecting Cervical Cancer Screening Behaviors Based On the Precaution Adoption Process Model: A Qualitative Study. Glob J Health Sci 2015; 8:211-8. [PMID: 26755465 PMCID: PMC4954902 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n6p211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most preventable cancers in women is cervical cancer. Pap smear test is an effective screening program; however, it is not conducted very frequently. The aim of this study is explaining the determinants affecting women's participation in the Pap smear test based on precaution adoption process model with a qualitative approach. This study was a qualitative approach using a Directed Content Analysis methodology which was conducted in 2014. Participants were 30 rural women who participated in this study voluntarily in sarvabad, Iran. Purposive sampling was initiated and continued until data saturation. Semi-structured interviews were the primary method of data collection. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and continuous comparisons. Women`s information and awareness about cervical cancer and Pap smear is insufficient and most of them believed that they were not at risk; however, they perceived the severity of the disease. Some of them had no adequate understanding of the test benefits. They pointed to the lack of time, financial difficulties, fear of test result and lack of awareness as the main barriers against the Pap smear test; however, they did not say that they were not willing to do the test. Findings could help health policy makers to find the right area and purpose to facilitate the participation of women in the Pap smear test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Bahmani
- Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran..
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12
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV), a life-threatening infection, is the leading cause of cancer mortality among women worldwide and needs for designing anticancerous drugs. In the present study, we explored specific novel inhibitors against E6 oncoprotein of high-risk HPV 16, known to inactivate tumor suppressor p53 protein. A homology model of HPV 16 E6 was built and validated using bioinformatics approach. A total of 5000 drug-like compounds were downloaded from ZINC database based on the properties similar to the known inhibitor Jaceosidin (5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one). Virtual-ligand-screening approaches were applied to screen appropriate drug-like compounds using molecular docking program AutoDock Vina in PyRx 0.8, and five best novel drug-like compounds were identified as potential competitive inhibitors against HPV 16 E6 compared to Jaceosidin. Two among these five identified most potential inhibitors, N-[(5-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)methyl]-4-oxo-3,4-dihydrophthalazine-1-carboxamide and 6-[3-(3-fluoro-4-methyl-phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, were found to interact with E6 with binding energy of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] kcal/mol, respectively, and form H-bonds with p53 binding site of E6 protein residues 113-122 (CQKPLCPEEK). These two inhibitors may help restoration of p53 functioning. The bioinformatics approach extends a promising platform for developing anticancerous competitive inhibitors targeting high-risk HPV 16.
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13
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Kumar S, Jena L, Sahoo M, Kakde M, Daf S, Varma AK. In Silico Docking to Explicate Interface between Plant-Originated Inhibitors and E6 Oncogenic Protein of Highly Threatening Human Papillomavirus 18. Genomics Inform 2015; 13:60-7. [PMID: 26175664 PMCID: PMC4500800 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2015.13.2.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The leading cause of cancer mortality globally amongst the women is due to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. There is need to explore anti-cancerous drugs against this life-threatening infection. Traditionally, different natural compounds such as withaferin A, artemisinin, ursolic acid, ferulic acid, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, berberin, resveratrol, jaceosidin, curcumin, gingerol, indol-3-carbinol, and silymarin have been used as hopeful source of cancer treatment. These natural inhibitors have been shown to block HPV infection by different researchers. In the present study, we explored these natural compounds against E6 oncoprotein of high risk HPV18, which is known to inactivate tumor suppressor p53 protein. E6, a high throughput protein model of HPV18, was predicted to anticipate the interaction mechanism of E6 oncoprotein with these natural inhibitors using structure-based drug designing approach. Docking analysis showed the interaction of these natural inhibitors with p53 binding site of E6 protein residues 108-117 (CQKPLNPAEK) and help reinstatement of normal p53 functioning. Further, docking analysis besides helping in silico validations of natural compounds also helped elucidating the molecular mechanism of inhibition of HPV oncoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar
- Bioinformatics Centre & Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram 442-102, India
| | - Lingaraja Jena
- Bioinformatics Centre & Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram 442-102, India
| | - Maheswata Sahoo
- Bioinformatics Centre & Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram 442-102, India
| | - Mrunmayi Kakde
- Bioinformatics Centre & Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram 442-102, India
| | - Sangeeta Daf
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Nagpur 440-022, India
| | - Ashok K Varma
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai 410-210, India
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14
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Simanaviciene V, Popendikyte V, Gudleviciene Z, Zvirbliene A. Different DNA methylation pattern of HPV16, HPV18 and HPV51 genomes in asymptomatic HPV infection as compared to cervical neoplasia. Virology 2015; 484:227-233. [PMID: 26119875 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations of human papillomavirus (HPV) genome play an important role in virus life cycle and carcinogenic progression. The aim of the current study was to investigate the correlation between the grade of cervical pathology and DNA methylation status within the L1 gene and the long control region (LCR) of HPV16, HPV18 and HPV51. HPV genomes were analyzed using bisulfite DNA modification procedure with the subsequent amplification of target DNA regions and sequencing. A collection of 202 cervical specimens was analyzed: 157 HPV16-positive specimens, 21 HPV18-positive specimens and 24 HPV51-positive specimens. This study revealed that methylation of CpG was significantly more prevalent in L1 gene as compared to LCR region of all three studied HPV types and the degree of DNA methylation level correlated with the severity of cervical neoplasia. An increased DNA methylation level of HPV16 promoter region in case of cervical cancer was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaida Simanaviciene
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Graiciuno Str.8, LT-02241 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Violeta Popendikyte
- Thermo Fischer Scientific Baltic, Graiciuno Str.8, LT-02241 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Zivile Gudleviciene
- National Cancer Institute, Santariskiu Str.1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M.K. Ciurlionio Str.21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Zvirbliene
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Graiciuno Str.8, LT-02241 Vilnius, Lithuania
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15
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Ribeiro AA, Costa MC, Alves RRF, Villa LL, Saddi VA, Carneiro MADS, Zeferino LC, Rabelo-Santos SH. HPV infection and cervical neoplasia: associated risk factors. Infect Agent Cancer 2015; 10:16. [PMID: 26244052 PMCID: PMC4524198 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-015-0011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral risks such as age at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners and partner's sexual behavior are associated with an increased risk of HPV infection, persistence of the infection and the development of neoplastic precursor lesions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with HPV positivity and with a diagnosis of cervical neoplasia in women referred with an abnormal cervical smear. METHODS This study evaluated a series of 198 women referred with an abnormal cervical smear. Risk factors for HPV infection were investigated using a questionnaire. All cervical specimens were tested for 27 HPV genotypes using the Roche polymerase chain reaction reverse line blot assay. RESULTS The overall prevalence of HPV was 87 %. First sexual intercourse before 16 years of age was significantly associated with a positive HPV test (OR 4.41; 95 %CI: 1.20 - 19.33; p = 0.01). A significant association was also found between this risk factor and CIN 1 lesions or worse (OR 2.2; 95 %CI 0.94 - 5.08; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The age at which a woman begins to be sexually active is associated with HPV infection and with a diagnosis of cervical neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alves Ribeiro
- />Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO Brazil
- />Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO Brazil
| | - Maria Cecília Costa
- />Santa Casa de São Paulo, INCT-HPV at Santa Casa Research Institute, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosane Ribeiro Figueiredo Alves
- />Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Goiânia, Goiânia, GO Brazil
- />Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO Brazil
- />School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO Brazil
| | - Luísa Lina Villa
- />Santa Casa de São Paulo, INCT-HPV at Santa Casa Research Institute, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- />Department of Radiology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo and Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo, ICESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Aparecida Saddi
- />Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO Brazil
- />Program in Environmental Sciences and Health, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO Brazil
- />Laboratory of Oncogenetics and Radiology, Associação de Combate ao Câncer, Goiás, Goiânia, GO Brazil
| | | | | | - Sílvia Helena Rabelo-Santos
- />Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO Brazil
- />School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO Brazil
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16
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Rusan M, Li YY, Hammerman PS. Genomic landscape of human papillomavirus-associated cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:2009-19. [PMID: 25779941 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent next-generation sequencing studies have generated a comprehensive overview of the genomic landscape of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers. This review summarizes these findings to provide insight into the tumor biology of these cancers and potential therapeutic opportunities for HPV-driven malignancies. In addition to the tumorigenic properties of the HPV oncoproteins, integration of HPV DNA into the host genome is suggested to be a driver of the neoplastic process. Integration may confer a growth and survival advantage via enhanced expression of viral oncoproteins, alteration of critical cellular genes, and changes in global promoter methylation and transcription. Alteration of cellular genes may lead to loss of function of tumor suppressor genes, enhanced oncogene expression, loss of function of DNA repair genes, or other vital cellular functions. Recurrent integrations in RAD51B, NR4A2, and TP63, leading to aberrant forms of these proteins, are observed in both HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and cervical carcinoma. Additional genomic alterations, independent of integration events, include recurrent PIK3CA mutations (and aberrations in other members of the PI3K pathway), alterations in receptor tyrosine kinases (primarily FGFR2 and FGFR3 in HPV-positive HNSCC, and ERBB2 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma), and genes in pathways related to squamous cell differentiation and immune responses. A number of the alterations identified are potentially targetable, which may lead to advances in the treatment of HPV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rusan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aarhus University, Denmark. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yvonne Y Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Peter S Hammerman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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17
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Kumar S, Jena L, Mohod K, Daf S, Varma AK. Virtual screening for potential inhibitors of high-risk human papillomavirus 16 E6 protein. Interdiscip Sci 2015. [PMID: 25663107 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-013-0213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV), a life-threatening infection is the leading cause of cancer mortality among women worldwide and needs for designing anti-cancerous drugs. In the present study, we explored specific novel inhibitors against E6 onco-protein of high risk HPV 16, known to inactivate tumor suppressor p53 protein. A homology model of HPV 16 E6 was built and validated using bioinformatics approach. A total of 5000 drug like compounds were downloaded from ZINC database based on the properties similar to the known inhibitor Jaceosidin (5, 7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one). Virtual-ligand-screenings approaches were applied to screen appropriate drug like compounds using molecular docking program Auto Dock Vina in PyRx 0.8 and 5 best novel drug-like compounds were identified as potential competitive inhibitors against HPV 16 E6 compared to Jaceosidin. Two amongst these 5 identified most potential inhibitors, N-[(5-methyl-1Hbenzimidazol-2-yl)methyl]-4-oxo-3, 4-dihydrophthalazine-1-carboxamide and 6-[3-(3-fluoro-4-methyl-phenyl)-1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-1, 4-dihydroquinoxaline-2, 3-dione were found to interact with E6 with binding energy of -7.7 and -7.0 Kcal/mol respectively and form H-bonds with p53 binding site of E6 protein residues 113-122 (CQKPLCPEEK). These two inhibitors may help restoration of p53 functioning. The Bioinformatics approach extends a promising platform for developing anti-cancerous competitive inhibitors targeting high-risk HPV 16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar
- Biochemistry & Bioinformatics Centre, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, India,
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18
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Bansal D, Elmi AA, Skariah S, Haddad P, Abu-Raddad LJ, Al Hamadi AH, Mohamed-Nady N, Affifi NM, Ghedira R, Hassen E, Al-Thani AAJ, Al-Ansari AAHM, Sultan AA. Molecular epidemiology and genotype distribution of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) among Arab women in the State of Qatar. J Transl Med 2014; 12:300. [PMID: 25424736 PMCID: PMC4251937 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is the major cause of cervical cancer worldwide. With limited data available on HPV prevalence in the Arab countries, this study aimed to identify the prevalence and genotypic distribution of HPV in the State of Qatar. METHODS 3008 cervical samples, exclusively of women with Arabic origin residing in Qatar were collected from the Women's Hospital and Primary Health Care Corporation in Doha, State of Qatar. HPV DNA detection was done using GP5+/6+ primers based real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay followed by the usage of HPV type specific primers based RT- PCR reactions and Sanger sequencing for genotype identification. RESULTS Similar prevalence rates of HPV infection was identified in both Qatari and non-Qatari women at 6.2% and 5.9% respectively. HPV prevalence rate of 5.8% and 18.4% was identified in women with normal cytology and in women with abnormal cytology respectively. HPV 81, 11 and 16, in decreasing order were the most commonly identified genotypes. HPV 81 was the most frequent low-risk genotype among women with both normal (74.0%) and abnormal (33.3%) cytology. HPV 16 (4.6%) was identified as the predominant high-risk HPV genotype among women with normal cytology and HPV 16, HPV 18, and HPV 56 (22.2% each) were the most common identified high-risk genotypes in women with abnormal cytology. CONCLUSIONS The overall HPV prevalence in Arab women in Qatar was identified as 6.1% with an increased HPV prevalence seen in women with abnormal cytology results and no significant trends seen with age. In contrast to Western countries, we report a varied genotypic profile of HPV with a high prevalence of low-risk HPV genotype 81 among the Arab women residing in Qatar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Bansal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Asha A Elmi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Sini Skariah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Pascale Haddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Laith J Abu-Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Aysha H Al Hamadi
- Department of laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cytopathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Nady Mohamed-Nady
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar.
| | | | - Randa Ghedira
- Laboratoire d'Immuno-Oncologie Moléculaire Faculté de Médecine de Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Elham Hassen
- Laboratoire d'Immuno-Oncologie Moléculaire Faculté de Médecine de Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Asma A J Al-Thani
- Health Sciences Department, Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
| | | | - Ali A Sultan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar.
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19
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Lack of association between human papillomavirus infection and colorectal cancer. GASTROENTEROLOGY REVIEW 2014; 9:280-4. [PMID: 25396002 PMCID: PMC4223116 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2014.46163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with nearly one million new cases identified annually. Different factors might cause colorectal cancer, one of the most prevalent cancers among both men and women. Viral aetiology in cancerous malignancies is a very important issue and so far a number of viral strains have been identified as tumour oncogene viruses. Viral infections, such as human papillomavirus (HPV), have recently been suggested as a risk factor for colorectal cancer. However, the aetiology of the disease is still unknown. Aim To assessed the association between HPV infection and colorectal cancer. Material and methods In this study, 50 cancer tissue samples and 50 samples without colon cancer were studied in order to identify HPV through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of 42 adenocarcinomas, 10 were well differentiated, 30 moderated differentiated, and 2 were poorly differentiated. DNA extraction was verified by beta globin gene amplification; specific PCR was carried out based on HPV L1 consensus primers MY09/MY11. Results HPV DNA was not identified in any of the normal, adenocarcinoma, or adenoma samples. Conclusions In contrast with previous studies, the current research failed to establish a relationship between HPV infection and the incidence of colon cancer. Considering the existing inconsistencies, it is recommended that further studies be conducted with larger sample size.
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20
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Simanaviciene V, Gudleviciene Z, Popendikyte V, Dekaminaviciute D, Stumbryte A, Rubinaite V, Zvirbliene A. Studies on the prevalence of oncogenic HPV types among Lithuanian women with cervical pathology. J Med Virol 2014; 87:461-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ausra Stumbryte
- Institute of Oncology; Vilnius University; Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Vilija Rubinaite
- Institute of Biotechnology; Vilnius University; Vilnius Lithuania
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21
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Kumar S, Jena L, Galande S, Daf S, Mohod K, Varma AK. Elucidating Molecular Interactions of Natural Inhibitors with HPV-16 E6 Oncoprotein through Docking Analysis. Genomics Inform 2014; 12:64-70. [PMID: 25031569 PMCID: PMC4099350 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2014.12.2.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the leading cause of cancer mortality among women worldwide. The life-threatening infection caused by HPV demands the need for designing anticancerous drugs. In the recent years, different compounds from natural origins, such as carrageenan, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, indole-3-carbinol, jaceosidin, and withaferin, have been used as a hopeful source of anticancer therapy. These compounds have been shown to suppress HPV infection by different researchers. In the present study, we explored these natural inhibitors against E6 oncoprotein of high-risk HPV-16, which is known to inactivate the p53 tumor suppressor protein. A robust homology model of HPV-16 E6 was built to anticipate the interaction mechanism of E6 oncoprotein with natural inhibitory molecules using a structure-based drug designing approach. Docking analysis showed the interaction of these natural compounds with the p53-binding site of E6 protein residues 113-122 (CQKPLCPEEK) and helped the restoration of p53 functioning. Docking analysis, besides helping in silico validation of natural compounds, also helps understand molecular mechanisms of protein-ligand interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar
- Bioinformatics Centre & Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram 442-102, India
| | - Lingaraja Jena
- Bioinformatics Centre & Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram 442-102, India
| | - Sneha Galande
- Bioinformatics Centre & Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram 442-102, India
| | - Sangeeta Daf
- Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Nagpur 440-022, India
| | - Kanchan Mohod
- Bioinformatics Centre & Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram 442-102, India
| | - Ashok K Varma
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Khargar, Navi Mumbai 410-210, India
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HPV11 Positive Endometrioid Carcinoma of the Endometrium with Signet-Ring Cells: Diagnostic Criteria and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Pathol 2014; 2014:380571. [PMID: 24804134 PMCID: PMC3997913 DOI: 10.1155/2014/380571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of signet-ring cells in an endometrial adenocarcinoma is extremely uncommon and it is always necessary to rule out a metastatic neoplasm. We report a FIGO grade 2 endometrial carcinoma with a signet-ring cell component found in the curettage performed to a 53-year-old woman. The neoplastic proliferation was also found in the endometrium of the radical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. The uterine neoplasm invaded less than one-half of the myometrium (FIGO stage I B). Alcian blue showed the presence of mucin in the signet-ring cells. The patient was alive and without evidence of recurrence 14 months after surgery.
Polymerase chain reaction method from paraffin-embedded tissue revealed the presence of human papilloma virus type 11. We have discussed the differential diagnosis of this kind of neoplasm and we have reviewed the literature on signet-ring cell carcinoma of the endometrium.
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Knoff J, Yang B, Hung CF, Wu TC. Cervical Cancer: Development of Targeted Therapies Beyond Molecular Pathogenesis. CURRENT OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY REPORTS 2014; 3:18-32. [PMID: 24533233 PMCID: PMC3921905 DOI: 10.1007/s13669-013-0068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent of cervical cancer. The integration of HPV genes into the host genome causes the upregulation of E6 and E7 oncogenes. E6 and E7 proteins inactivate and degrade tumor suppressors p53 and retinoblastoma, respectively, leading to malignant progression. HPV E6 and E7 antigens are ideal targets for the development of therapies for cervical cancer and precursor lesions because they are constitutively expressed in infected cells and malignant tumors but not in normal cells and they are essential for cell immortalization and transformation. Immunotherapies are being developed to target E6/E7 by eliciting antigen-specific immune responses. siRNA technologies target E6/E7 by modulating the expression of the oncoproteins. Proteasome inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors are being developed to indirectly target E6/E7 by interfering with their oncogenic activities. The ultimate goal for HPV-targeted therapies is the progression through clinical trials to commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Knoff
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Benjamin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - T.-C. Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Andersen AS, Koldjaer Sølling AS, Ovesen T, Rusan M. The interplay between HPV and host immunity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:2755-63. [PMID: 23913554 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 is a major risk factor for the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), in particular oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). The oropharyngeal epithelium differs from the mucosal epithelium at other commonly HPV16-infected sites (i.e., cervix and anogenital region) in that it is juxtaposed with the underlying lymphatic tissue, serving a key immunologic function in the surveillance of inhaled and ingested pathogens. Therefore, the natural history of infection and immune response to HPV at this site may differ from that at other anatomic locations. This review summarizes the literature concerning the adaptive immune response against HPV in the context of HNSCC, with a focus on the T-cell response. Recent studies have shown that a broad repertoire of tumor-infiltrating HPV-specific T-cells are found in nearly all patients with HPV-positive tumors. A systemic response is found in only a proportion of these. Furthermore, the local response is more frequent in OPSCC patients than in cervical cancer patients and HPV-negative OPSCC patients. Despite this, tumor persistence may be facilitated by abnormalities in antigen processing, a skewed T-helper cell response, and an increased local prevalence of T-regulatory cells. Nonetheless, the immunologic profile of HPV-positive vs. HPV-negative HNSCC is associated with a significantly better outcome, and the HPV-specific immune response is suggested to play a role in the significantly better response to therapy of HPV-positive patients. Immunoprofiling may prove a valuable prognostic tool, and immunotherapy trials targeting HPV are underway, providing hope for decreasing treatment-related toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Skou Andersen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Karadayi N, Gecer M, Kayahan S, Yamuc E, Onak NK, Korkmaz T, Yavuzer D. Association between human papillomavirus and endometrial adenocarcinoma. Med Oncol 2013; 30:597. [PMID: 23797769 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nimet Karadayi
- Pathology Department, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Research and Training Hospital, Cevizli, Istanbul, Turkey
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26
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Martin Caballero J, Garzón A, González-Cintado L, Kowalczyk W, Jimenez Torres I, Calderita G, Rodriguez M, Gondar V, Bernal JJ, Ardavín C, Andreu D, Zürcher T, von Kobbe C. Chimeric infectious bursal disease virus-like particles as potent vaccines for eradication of established HPV-16 E7-dependent tumors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52976. [PMID: 23300838 PMCID: PMC3534127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is caused by persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and represents the second most frequent gynecological malignancy in the world. The HPV-16 type accounts for up to 55% of all cervical cancers. The HPV-16 oncoproteins E6 and E7 are necessary for induction and maintenance of malignant transformation and represent tumor-specific antigens for targeted cytotoxic T lymphocyte–mediated immunotherapy. Therapeutic cancer vaccines have become a challenging area of oncology research in recent decades. Among current cancer immunotherapy strategies, virus-like particle (VLP)–based vaccines have emerged as a potent and safe approach. We generated a vaccine (VLP-E7) incorporating a long C-terminal fragment of HPV-16 E7 protein into the infectious bursal disease virus VLP and tested its therapeutic potential in HLA-A2 humanized transgenic mice grafted with TC1/A2 tumor cells. We performed a series of tumor challenge experiments demonstrating a strong immune response against already-formed tumors (complete eradication). Remarkably, therapeutic efficacy was obtained with a single dose without adjuvant and against two injections of tumor cells, indicating a potent and long-lasting immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Garzón
- Cancer Vaccines Unit, R & D Department, Chimera Pharma S.L.U., Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Wioleta Kowalczyk
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gloria Calderita
- Cancer Vaccines Unit, R & D Department, Chimera Pharma S.L.U., Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Rodriguez
- Cancer Vaccines Unit, R & D Department, Chimera Pharma S.L.U., Madrid, Spain
| | - Virgínia Gondar
- Cancer Vaccines Unit, R & D Department, Chimera Pharma S.L.U., Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Bernal
- Cancer Vaccines Unit, R & D Department, Chimera Pharma S.L.U., Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Ardavín
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Zürcher
- Cancer Vaccines Unit, R & D Department, Chimera Pharma S.L.U., Madrid, Spain
| | - Cayetano von Kobbe
- Cancer Vaccines Unit, R & D Department, Chimera Pharma S.L.U., Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Ma B, Maraj B, Tran NP, Knoff J, Chen A, Alvarez RD, Hung CF, Wu TC. Emerging human papillomavirus vaccines. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2012; 17:469-92. [PMID: 23163511 PMCID: PMC3786409 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2012.744393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identification of human papillomavirus (HPV) as the etiologic factor of cervical, anogenital, and a subset of head and neck cancers has stimulated the development of preventive and therapeutic HPV vaccines to control HPV-associated malignancies. Excitement has been generated by the commercialization of two preventive L1-based vaccines, which use HPV virus-like particles (VLPs) to generate capsid-specific neutralizing antibodies. However, factors such as high cost and requirement for cold chain have prevented widespread implementation where they are needed most. AREAS COVERED Next generation preventive HPV vaccine candidates have focused on cost-effective stable alternatives and generating broader protection via targeting multivalent L1 VLPs, L2 capsid protein, and chimeric L1/L2 VLPs. Therapeutic HPV vaccine candidates have focused on enhancing T cell-mediated killing of HPV-transformed tumor cells, which constitutively express HPV-encoded proteins, E6 and E7. Several therapeutic HPV vaccines are in clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Although progress is being made, cost remains an issue inhibiting the use of preventive HPV vaccines in countries that carry the majority of the cervical cancer burden. In addition, progression of therapeutic HPV vaccines through clinical trials may require combination strategies employing different therapeutic modalities. As research in the development of HPV vaccines continues, we may generate effective strategies to control HPV-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ma
- The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Departments of Pathology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bharat Maraj
- The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Departments of Pathology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nam Phuong Tran
- The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Departments of Pathology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jayne Knoff
- The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Departments of Pathology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Chen
- The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Departments of Pathology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ronald D Alvarez
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Birmingham, MD, USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Departments of Pathology, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Departments of Oncology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T.-C. Wu
- The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Departments of Pathology, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Departments of Oncology, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
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de Freitas AC, Gurgel APAD, Chagas BS, Coimbra EC, do Amaral CMM. Susceptibility to cervical cancer: an overview. Gynecol Oncol 2012; 126:304-11. [PMID: 22484226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in females worldwide. It is well-established that Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections play a critical role in the development of cervical cancer. However, a large number of women infected with oncogenic HPV types will never develop cervical cancer. Thus, there are several external environment and genetic factors involved in the progression of a precancerous lesion to invasive cancer. In this review article, we addressed possible susceptible phenotypes to cervical cancer, focusing on host genome and HPV DNA variability, multiple HPV infections, co-infection with other agents, circulating HPV DNA and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carlos de Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy, Department of Genetics, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
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Buyel JF, Bautista JA, Fischer R, Yusibov VM. Extraction, purification and characterization of the plant-produced HPV16 subunit vaccine candidate E7 GGG. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 880:19-26. [PMID: 22134037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several studies indicated that biopharmaceuticals based on the recombinant protein E7 of human papillomavirus (HPV) can serve as therapeutic vaccines preventing the development of cancer in women infected with high-risk types of HPV such as HPV16. Here, we report effective extraction and purification of a plant-produced E7GGG-lichenase fusion protein, an HPV16 subunit vaccine candidate, from Nicotiana benthamiana plants, to a high yield. The target contains the modified HPV16 E7 protein internally fused to the surface loop of a truncated, hexa-His- and KDEL-tagged variant of bacterial lichenase, and has been previously shown to possess anti-cancer activity in an animal model. We purified the protein using a combination of immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography and gel filtration. The achieved purity of the final product was 99% as confirmed by Coomassie or SYPRO Ruby staining after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by analytical size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering. The overall yield was 50% corresponding to 0.1g of protein per 1 kg plant biomass. Only slight changes in these parameters were observed during the process scale-up from 50 g to 1 kg of processed leaf biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Buyel
- Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Newark, DE 19711, USA.
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30
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State of HPV16 integration in Lithuanian women with cervical neoplasia. Open Med (Wars) 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/s11536-011-0004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCervical cancer morbidity and mortality in Lithuania is one of the biggest in the European Union. The main risk factor of cervical cancer is human papillomavirus (HPV). The deletion of the HPV E2 gene influences HPV DNA integration into the cell genome, as well as a rapid progression of cervical lesions. The purpose of this study is to determine HPV, its types, and HPV 16 integration in different grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN). 253 women with cytological lesions were involved in the study. After a histology, 31 women were diagnosed with CIN I, 35 with CIN II, and 51 with CIN III. The biggest prevalence of HPV infection was detected in women younger than 25 years old (69.7%) and in women with CIN II (90.9%). HPV 16 was detected in 67.8% of all cases, with the highest prevalence in CIN III (84.4%). A partial integration form was detected in 65.0% of HPV 16 infected women, a complete virus integration in 26.5%, and an episomal form in 8.4% of cases. Our study concludes that in all the cases confirmed using a histology, the partial virus integration form of CIN was identified the most. It was less frequently detected in CIN I cases (60.0%), but more frequently in CIN II and CIN III cases (72.8 and 69.3%, respectively).
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31
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Durzyńska J, Błażejewska P, Szydłowski J, Goździcka-Józefiak A. Detection of Anti-HPV11-L1 Antibodies in Immune Sera from Patients Suffering from Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis Using ELISA. Viral Immunol 2010; 23:415-23. [DOI: 10.1089/vim.2010.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Durzyńska
- Department of Molecular Virology, Faculty of Biology, University of A. Mickiewicz, Poznan, Poznan
| | - Paulina Błażejewska
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jarosław Szydłowski
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Institute of Pediatrics, University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Anna Goździcka-Józefiak
- Department of Molecular Virology, Faculty of Biology, University of A. Mickiewicz, Poznan, Poznan
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Yavuzer D, Karadayi N, Salepci T, Baloglu H, Bilici A, Sakirahmet D. Role of human papillomavirus in the development of urothelial carcinoma. Med Oncol 2010; 28:919-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Yavuzer D, Karadayi N, Salepci T, Baloglu H, Dabak R, Bayramicli OU. Investigation of human papillomavirus DNA in colorectal carcinomas and adenomas. Med Oncol 2010; 28:127-32. [PMID: 20082157 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been associated with several human cancers, including cervical cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal and anal cancer, and a subset of head and neck cancers. The identification of HPV as an etiological factor for HPV-associated malignancies creates the opportunity for the control of these cancers through vaccination. Currently, the preventive HPV vaccine using HPV virus-like particles has been proven to be safe and highly effective. However, this preventive vaccine does not have therapeutic effects, and a significant number of people have established HPV infection and HPV-associated lesions. Therefore, it is necessary to develop therapeutic HPV vaccines to facilitate the control of HPV-associated malignancies and their precursor lesions. Among the various forms of therapeutic HPV vaccines, DNA vaccines have emerged as a potentially promising approach for vaccine development due to their safety profile, ease of preparation and stability. However, since DNA does not have the intrinsic ability to amplify or spread in transfected cells like viral vectors, DNA vaccines can have limited immunogenicity. Therefore, it is important to develop innovative strategies to improve DNA vaccine potency. Since dendritic cells (DCs) are key players in the generation of antigen-specific immune responses, it is important to develop innovative strategies to modify the properties of the DNA-transfected DCs. These strategies include increasing the number of antigen-expressing/antigen-loaded DCs, improving antigen processing and presentation in DCs, and enhancing the interaction between DCs and T cells. Many of the studies on DNA vaccines have been performed on preclinical models. Encouraging results from impressive preclinical studies have led to several clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Monie
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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35
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Lehoux M, D'Abramo CM, Archambault J. Molecular mechanisms of human papillomavirus-induced carcinogenesis. Public Health Genomics 2009; 12:268-80. [PMID: 19684440 DOI: 10.1159/000214918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 20% of all cancers are associated with infectious agents. Among them, human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are very common and are now recognized as the etiological agent of cervical cancer, the second most common cancer in women worldwide, and they are increasingly linked with other forms of dysplasia. Carcinogenesis is a complex and multistep process requiring the acquisition of several genetic and/or epigenetic alterations. HPV-induced neoplasia, however, is in part mediated by the intrinsic functions of the viral proteins. In order to replicate its genome, HPV modulates the cell cycle, while deploying mechanisms to escape the host immune response, cellular senescence and apoptosis. As such, HPV infection leads directly and indirectly to genomic instability, further favouring transforming genetic events and progression to malignancy. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms exploited by HPV to induce neoplasia, with an emphasis on the role of the 2 viral oncoproteins E6 and E7. Greater understanding of the role of HPV proteins in these processes will ultimately aid in the development of antiviral therapies, as well as unravel general mechanisms of oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Lehoux
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Que., H2W 1R7 Canada
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36
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Desai PC, Jaglal MV, Gopal P, Ghim SJ, Miller DM, Farghaly H, Jenson AB. Human papillomavirus in metastatic squamous carcinoma from unknown primaries in the head and neck: a retrospective 7 year study. Exp Mol Pathol 2009; 87:94-8. [PMID: 19393644 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
GOAL Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is found to be increasingly implicated in head and neck cancers. The objective of this study was to determine the primary site of origin of HPV positive squamous carcinomas metastatic to lymph nodes of the neck. METHODS Surgical pathology records from January 1, 2000 to July 31, 2007 were used to identify surgically removed neck lymph nodes with the diagnosis of metastatic squamous carcinoma. Specimens in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks were examined for HPV (+) by analyzing sequencing data generated by PCR and immunostaining for the expression of the p16INK biomarker, which is overexpressed if Rb is not present. H & E stained slides were also reviewed for histological classification. The available retrospective demographics were extracted from the charts to determine trends of confounding factors. RESULTS Of the 43 patient samples, 41 contained adequate DNA to test for HPV. The mean age of the 41 patients was 62 years. All of the patients smoked and 39/41 patients consumed alcohol. The overall HPV (+) incident rate was 27% (11/41) by PCR with strongly diffuse or strong focal p16 staining. 9 of the 34 males and 2 of the 7 females had HPV (+) carcinomas. The average age of the 2 HPV (+) females was 44, compared to the HPV (-) females who averaged 70. The average age of the HPV (+) males was 56 compared with the average age 55 of the HPV (-) males. HPV (+) carcinomas appeared to arise from multiple sites in the oropharynx, particularly the tonsils and tongues, including unknown primaries. By histological exam, most metastatic HPV(+) squamous carcinomas were poorly differentiated (basaloid) microscopically and grossly cystic. CONCLUSION The 27% HPV (+) squamous cancers metastatic to neck lymph node originated from multiple sites in the oropharynx. The HPV (+) female population, although a total of only 2, tended to be much younger than the HPV (-) ones, whereas the HPV (+) male population was similar in age to the HPV (-) male population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal C Desai
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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