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Schuster J, Wendler O, Pesold VV, Koch M, Sievert M, Balk M, Rupp R, Mueller SK. Exosomal Serum Biomarkers as Predictors for Laryngeal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2028. [PMID: 38893148 PMCID: PMC11171163 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of screening methods for LSCC is a critical issue, as treatment options and the treatment outcome greatly depend on the stage of LSCC at initial diagnosis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify potential exosomal serum biomarkers that can diagnose LSCC and distinguish between early- and late-stage disease. METHODS A multiplexed proteomic array was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in exosomes isolated from the serum samples of LSCC patients compared to the control group (septorhinoplasty, SRP). The most promising proteins for diagnosis and differentiation were calculated using biostatistical methods and were validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blots (WB), and ELISA. RESULTS Exosomal insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) and Annexin A1 (ANXA1) were the most promising exosomal biomarkers for distinguishing between control and LSCC patients and also between different stages of LSCC (fold change up to 15.9, p < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSION The identified proteins represent potentially novel non-invasive biomarkers. However, these results need to be validated in larger cohorts with a long-term follow-up. Exosomal biomarkers show a superior signal-to-noise ratio compared to whole serum and may therefore be an important tool for non-invasive biomarker profiling for laryngeal carcinoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sarina Katrin Mueller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.S.); (O.W.); (V.-V.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (R.R.)
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2
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Abdul NS, Ahmad Alrashed N, Alsubaie S, Albluwi H, Badr Alsaleh H, Alageel N, Ghaleb Salma R. Role of Extracellular Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha in the Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e38514. [PMID: 37273315 PMCID: PMC10238764 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are expressed in a variety of cancers in human beings and are correlated with differentiation, proliferation, and metastasis. Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, like other tumors, are exposed to environmental stress, and lack of oxygen and nutrients, and in such situations, hypoxic inducible factor (HIF) initiates the expression of genes causing angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Extracellular heat shock proteins 90 alpha (eHSP90α) are overexpressed in cancers leading to tumor progression and metastasis. Hence, this review will focus on the role of eHSP90α in the metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). Different online databases were scoured for relevant articles from October 2000 to October 2022. A total of 342 articles along with duplicates were excluded. The retrieved 45 articles were studied and 39 of them were found to be not eligible as they lacked intervention and their outcome measures did not match with the present review. The final qualitative evaluation included four articles that fulfilled the eligibility criterion. A definitive expression of HSP90 was implicated, as seen in three studies, suggesting its probable role as a prognostic marker for OSCC, but no conclusive evidence was found. The present review suggests that eHSP90α plays a significant role in OSCC. Though a positive association was found between HSP90 expression and its possible correlation with metastasis, affirmative evidence can only be derived with the conduction of many more research studies and their subsequent synthesis of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishath Sayed Abdul
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Najla Ahmad Alrashed
- Department of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sara Alsubaie
- Department of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Hadeel Albluwi
- Department of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Hessa Badr Alsaleh
- Department of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Norah Alageel
- Department of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Ra'ed Ghaleb Salma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, SAU
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3
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Dos Santos NS, Gonçalves DR, Balbinot B, Visioli F. Is GRP78 (Glucose-regulated protein 78) a prognostic biomarker in differents types of cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 242:154301. [PMID: 36610326 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
GRP78 is a chaperone with anti-apoptotic function associated with aggressive tumors. This systematic review aimed to evaluate GRP78 expression in cancer and its relation to prognosis outcomes. This review was conducted in different databases searching for human cancer studies assessing GRP78 immunohistochemical levels on tissue samples. A total of 98 manuscripts were included. In 62% of the studies, GRP78 was associated with a worse prognosis. A meta-analysis included 29 studies that detected a significantly higher expression of GRP78 in cancer tissues (RR= 2.35, 95% CI 1.75-3.15) compared to control. A meta-analysis of 3 and 5-years Overall Survival revealed an increased risk of death for tumors with high expression of GRP78 (RR=1.36, 95%CI 1.16-1,59, I2 = 57%) and (RR=1.65, 95%CI 1.22-2.21, I2 =64%), respectively. GRP78 is an important prognostic biomarker for different types of cancer and a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Souza Dos Santos
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Douglas Rodrigues Gonçalves
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Oral Medicine Unit, Otorhinolaryngology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bianca Balbinot
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Experimental Center Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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4
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Chien CY, Chen YC, Hsu CC, Chou YT, Shiah SG, Liu SY, Hsieh ACT, Yen CY, Lee CH, Shieh YS. YAP-Dependent BiP Induction Is Involved in Nicotine-Mediated Oral Cancer Malignancy. Cells 2021; 10:2080. [PMID: 34440849 PMCID: PMC8392082 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for the development and progression of oral cancer. Previous studies have reported an association between nicotine and malignancy in oral cancer. Recent studies have also demonstrated that nicotine can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in tumor cells. Binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) acts as a master regulator of ER stress and is frequently overexpressed in oral cancer cell lines and tissues. However, the effect of nicotine on BiP in oral cancer is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the role of BiP and its underlying regulatory mechanisms in nicotine-induced oral cancer progression. Our results showed that nicotine significantly induced the expression of BiP in time- and dose-dependent manners in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. In addition, BiP was involved in nicotine-mediated OSCC malignancy, and depletion of BiP expression remarkably suppressed nicotine-induced malignant behaviors, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) change, migration, and invasion. In vivo, BiP silencing abrogated nicotine-induced tumor growth and EMT switch in nude mice. Moreover, nicotine stimulated BiP expression through the activation of the YAP-TEAD transcriptional complex. Mechanistically, we observed that nicotine regulated YAP nuclear translocation and its interaction with TEAD through α7-nAChR-Akt signaling, subsequently resulting in increased TEAD occupancy on the HSPA5 promoter and elevated promoter activity. These observations suggest that BiP is involved in nicotine-induced oral cancer malignancy and may have therapeutic potential in tobacco-related oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Yen Chien
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Ying-Chen Chen
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Chen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Shine-Gwo Shiah
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
| | - Shyun-Yeu Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan;
| | | | - Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan;
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shing Shieh
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
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5
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Kumar M, Garg H, Gupta N, Sharma A, Kaushal S, Kumar R, Dinda AK. Glucose- regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in renal cell carcinoma: A novel biomarker for predicting tumor behavior. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07300. [PMID: 34195416 PMCID: PMC8239724 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the mRNA and protein expression of GRP78 in tumor and serum of the RCC patients and compare with the controls and to correlate the expression with the grade and stage of RCC. Materials and methods A prospective cohort study involving 60 patients planned for radical/partial nephrectomy for primary RCC between July 2017 to June 2019. The RCC and adjacent non-tumorous renal tissues (Control) along with serum samples of patients were collected. Control for the serum samples is from the patients undergoing simple nephrectomy for non-functioning kidney due to benign etiology. The GRP78 expression was studied using RT-PCR for mRNA expression, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for protein expression and using ELISA in serum for both the subjects and controls. Results Mean age of patients was 50.3 years. The mRNA and protein expression of GRP78 in tissue samples were significantly higher in RCC patients as compared to controls (p < 0.001). IHC also demonstrated significantly higher expression in tumour samples as compared to controls (p < 0.001). Circulatory levels of GRP78 in serum samples were also significantly increased (p < 0.0001) in RCC patients in comparison to control subjects. The expression of GRP78 in circulation significantly correlated with the pathological tumor stage (p = 0.03), grade of disease (p < 0.001). Conclusion The GRP78 in RCC is significantly upregulated both at molecular and protein level expression. The overexpression of GRP78 correlates with the stage and grade of disease, thereby, highlighting its prognostic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Harshit Garg
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kaushal
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dinda
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Hipólito A, Martins F, Mendes C, Lopes-Coelho F, Serpa J. Molecular and Metabolic Reprogramming: Pulling the Strings Toward Tumor Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:656851. [PMID: 34150624 PMCID: PMC8209414 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.656851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a major hurdle to the efficient treatment of cancer, accounting for the great majority of cancer-related deaths. Although several studies have disclosed the detailed mechanisms underlying primary tumor formation, the emergence of metastatic disease remains poorly understood. This multistep process encompasses the dissemination of cancer cells to distant organs, followed by their adaptation to foreign microenvironments and establishment in secondary tumors. During the last decades, it was discovered that these events may be favored by particular metabolic patterns, which are dependent on reprogrammed signaling pathways in cancer cells while they acquire metastatic traits. In this review, we present current knowledge of molecular mechanisms that coordinate the crosstalk between metastatic signaling and cellular metabolism. The recent findings involving the contribution of crucial metabolic pathways involved in the bioenergetics and biosynthesis control in metastatic cells are summarized. Finally, we highlight new promising metabolism-based therapeutic strategies as a putative way of impairing metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Hipólito
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Martins
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cindy Mendes
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Lopes-Coelho
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
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7
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da Fonseca ACC, Matias D, Geraldo LHM, Leser FS, Pagnoncelli I, Garcia C, do Amaral RF, da Rosa BG, Grimaldi I, de Camargo Magalhães ES, Cóppola-Segovia V, de Azevedo EM, Zanata SM, Lima FRS. The multiple functions of the co-chaperone stress inducible protein 1. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:73-84. [PMID: 32561134 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stress inducible protein 1 (STI1) is a co-chaperone acting with Hsp70 and Hsp90 for the correct client proteins' folding and therefore for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Besides being expressed in the cytosol, STI1 can also be found both in the cell membrane and the extracellular medium playing several relevant roles in the central nervous system (CNS) and tumor microenvironment. During CNS development, in association with cellular prion protein (PrPc), STI1 regulates crucial events such as neuroprotection, neuritogenesis, astrocyte differentiation and survival. In cancer, STI1 is involved with tumor growth and invasion, is undoubtedly a pro-tumor factor, being considered as a biomarker and possibly therapeutic target for several malignancies. In this review, we discuss current knowledge and new findings on STI1 function as well as its role in tissue homeostasis, CNS and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Matias
- Molecular Bionics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Luiz Henrique Medeiros Geraldo
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-590, Brazil; Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Felipe Saceanu Leser
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-590, Brazil
| | - Iohana Pagnoncelli
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-590, Brazil
| | - Celina Garcia
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-590, Brazil
| | - Rackele Ferreira do Amaral
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-590, Brazil
| | - Barbara Gomes da Rosa
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-590, Brazil
| | - Izabella Grimaldi
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-590, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sabino de Camargo Magalhães
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-590, Brazil; European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, Netherlands
| | - Valentín Cóppola-Segovia
- Departments of Basic Pathology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, RJ, 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Evellyn Mayla de Azevedo
- Departments of Basic Pathology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, RJ, 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Silvio Marques Zanata
- Departments of Basic Pathology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, RJ, 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Flavia Regina Souza Lima
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-590, Brazil.
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Chen Y, Zhang F, Wang D, Li L, Si H, Wang C, Liu J, Chen Y, Cheng J, Lu Y. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Diabetic Lung Fibrosis via Adjusting Sirt3-Mediated Stress Responses in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8076105. [PMID: 32089781 PMCID: PMC7024095 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8076105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes affects a variety of organs such as the kidneys, eyes, and liver, and there is increasing evidence that the lung is also one of the target organs of diabetes and imbalance of Sirt3-mediated stress responses such as inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and ER stress may contribute to diabetic lung fibrosis. Although previous studies have reported that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have beneficial effects on various diabetic complications, the effect and mechanisms of MSCs on diabetes-induced lung injury are not clear. In this study, the STZ-induced diabetes model was constructed in rats, and the effect and potential mechanisms of bone marrow MSCs on diabetic lung fibrosis were investigated. The results revealed that fibrotic changes in the lung were successfully induced in the diabetic rats, while MSCs significantly inhibited or even reversed the changes. Specifically, MSCs upregulated the expression levels of Sirt3 and SOD2 and then activated the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, thereby controlling MDA, GSH content, and iNOS and NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox expression levels in the lung tissue. Meanwhile, high levels of Sirt3 and SOD2 induced by MSCs reduced the expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, ICAM-1, and MMP9 by suppressing the NF-κB/HMGB1/NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathway, as well as regulating the expression levels of cleaved caspasese-3, Bax, and Bcl2 by upregulating the expression level of P-Akt, thereby inhibiting the apoptosis of the lung tissue. In addition, MSCs also regulated the expression levels of LC3, P62, BiP, Chop, and PERK, thereby enhancing autophagy and attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Taken together, our results suggest that MSCs effectively attenuate diabetic lung fibrosis via adjusting Sirt3-mediated responses, including inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, providing a theoretical foundation for further exploration of MSC-based diabetic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fuping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Di Wang
- Research Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haibo Si
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengshi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Younan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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9
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Wang W, Wang S, Chu X, Liu H, Xiang M. Predicting the Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis and Prognosis Markers by Unique DNA Methylation and Gene Expression Profiles. J Comput Biol 2019; 27:1041-1054. [PMID: 31710242 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2019.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The early diagnosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is difficult, causing an unsatisfactory prognosis. Therefore, the 5-year survival rate of LUSC is poor. This study aimed at screening the potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for LUSC. The data of LUSC gene expression profiles and DNA methylation were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database; the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were screened out by an independent t-test and Benjamini/Hochberg methods. Further, the classifiers of the gene expression and DNA methylation markers in LUSC were constructed. After that, diagnostic and prognostic markers in LUSC were analyzed by the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The DEGs and the DMGs from TCGA database of LUSC were screened out. After strict filtration, we identified three potential DMGs (POU domain, class 4, transcription factor 2 [POU4F2], EN1, single-minded homolog 1 [SIM1]) for early diagnosis and seven potential DEGs (G-protein coupled receptor 78 [GPR78], PCDHA5, myosin binding protein H [MYBPH], RTL3, KIAA0408, HSD3B2, PCDHA12) for prognosis of LUSC. The tumor-normal tissue classification model and prognosis model were validated in two independent datasets. In addition, the PPI network was constructed, including three DMGs and the five DEGs (GPR78, MYBPH, KIAA0408, HSD3B2, PCDHA12) of the seven DEGs. The potential DMGs (POU4F2, EN1, SIM1) and DEGs (GPR78, MYBPH, KIAA0408, HSD3B2, PCDHA12) for the diagnosis and prognosis of LUSC identified in this article are expected to be further applied in clinical practice of the treatment of LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Chu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Pluquet O, Galmiche A. Impact and Relevance of the Unfolded Protein Response in HNSCC. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112654. [PMID: 31151143 PMCID: PMC6601021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) encompass a heterogeneous group of solid tumors that arise from the upper aerodigestive tract. The tumor cells face multiple challenges including an acute demand of protein synthesis often driven by oncogene activation, limited nutrient and oxygen supply and exposure to chemo/radiotherapy, which forces them to develop adaptive mechanisms such as the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). It is now well documented that the UPR, a homeostatic mechanism, is induced at different stages of cancer progression in response to intrinsic (oncogenic activation) or extrinsic (microenvironment) perturbations. This review will discuss the role of the UPR in HNSCC as well as in the key processes that characterize the physiology of HNSCC. The role of the UPR in the clinical context of HNSCC will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Pluquet
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Antoine Galmiche
- Service de Biochimie, Centre de Biologie Humaine (CBH), CHU Sud, 80054 Amiens, France.
- EA7516, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80054 Amiens, France.
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11
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Scotti FM, Mitt VC, Vieira DS, Biz MT, Castro RG, Modolo F. Expression of stem cell markers Nanog and Nestin in lip squamous cell carcinoma and actinic cheilitis. Oral Dis 2018; 24:1209-1216. [PMID: 29761881 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cell (CSC) proteins have been observed in several lesions and are associated with tumor beginning, evolution, and resistance to treatment. OBJECTIVES To investigate the presence of NANOG, NESTIN, and β-tubulin in lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), actinic cheilitis (AC), and normal epithelium (NE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty cases of LSCC, thirty cases of AC (both analyzed according to the WHO classification and AC according to the binary classification), and twenty cases of NE were submitted to an immunohistochemical study. RESULTS NANOG was more expressed in the nuclei of AC compared to NE (p = 0.007), as well as in high-risk AC cases (p = 0.017) and well-differentiated LSCCs (no significance). There was an accumulation of nuclear NANOG from mild to moderate and severe ACs. NESTIN was significantly less present in NE compared to AC (p = 0.001) and LSCC (p = 0.003). There was a higher expression in severe dysplasia or high-risk AC and well-differentiated LSCC. These results indicate an upregulation of NANOG and NESTIN in the early stages of carcinogenesis. β-tubulin was intensely present in all lesions. CONCLUSION The results suggest an upregulation of NANOG and NESTIN in the biological behavior these diseases, mainly in the transformation from AC to LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M Scotti
- Dentistry Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Verônica C Mitt
- Multidisciplinary Residence Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Daniella Sc Vieira
- Pathology Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Michelle T Biz
- Morphology Sciences Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Renata G Castro
- Dentistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Filipe Modolo
- Dentistry Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.,Pathology Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
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12
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Ogawa H, Kaira K, Takahashi K, Shimizu A, Altan B, Yoshinari D, Asao T, Oyama T. Prognostic role of BiP/GRP78 expression as ER stress in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2018; 20:273-281. [PMID: 28854502 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), also referred to as immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BiP) (BiP/GRP78), is a major molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is extensively expressed in human neoplasms. Although the enhanced expression of BiP/GRP78 has been described to be associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer (GC), details regarding its prognostic significance remain unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the prognostic role of BiP/GRP78 in patients with GC. METHODS Study subjects included 328 patients who underwent surgical resection. Tumor specimens of primary tumors underwent immunohistochemical staining for BiP/GRP78. RESULTS BiP/GRP78 was highly expressed in 57% (188/328) of patients. High expression of BiP/GRP78 was significantly associated with older age, male, disease staging, T factor, lymph node metastases, differentiation, lymphatic permeation, and vascular invasion. According to univariate analysis, age, disease staging, T factor, N factor, lymphatic permeation, vascular invasion, and BiP/GRP78 expression were significant prognostic factors for OS. In particular, high BiP/GRP78 expression was proven to be a significant predictor of prognosis in patients with older age, female sex, early disease stage, T1-2 factor, well or moderately differentiated tumors, and negative vascular invasion. CONCLUSION BiP/GRP78 is significantly associated with tumor aggressiveness and progression. The increased expression of BiP/GRP78 was identified as an independent factor for predicting poor OS in patients with early stage of disease, especially T1-2 factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroomi Ogawa
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kengo Takahashi
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Bolag Altan
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoshinari
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asao
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Chang WC, Tsai PT, Lin CK, Shieh YS, Chen YW. Expression pattern of heat shock protein 90 in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma in northern Taiwan. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 55:281-286. [PMID: 28209383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), which is expressed in cancer cells, profoundly affects progression, invasion, and metastasis. However, to our knowledge, in East Asia, the correlation between the expression of HSP90 and clinicopathological variables has seldom been discussed. We therefore investigated this and its prognostic value in 36 patients newly diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in northern Taiwan. Samples of tumour and normal samples from the patients were compared immunohistochemically. HSP90 was expressed mainly in the samples of tumour, and was significantly higher in these than in the normal epithelium (p<0.001). Metastases to the lymph nodes in the 36 patients also correlated with expression of HSP90. Correlation between expression of HSP90 and the size of the tumour or pathological staging was not significant, but strong expression correlated with poor survival. In general, expression was low among our samples (30/36). It was significantly higher in the tumour samples than in normal samples, and correlated with metastases to lymph nodes in the neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-C Chang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - P-T Tsai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - C-K Lin
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taiwan, Republic of China; School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Y-S Shieh
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Y-W Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Shimizu A, Kaira K, Yasuda M, Asao T, Ishikawa O. Clinical and Pathological Significance of ER Stress Marker (BiP/GRP78 and PERK) Expression in Malignant Melanoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2016; 23:111-116. [PMID: 27502501 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein of 78 kD (GRP78) also referred to as immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BiP/GRP78) plays an important role in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The level of BiP/GRP78 is highly elevated in various human cancers. The purpose of this study is to examine the prognostic significance of BiP/GRP78 expression in patients with malignant melanoma. A total of 133 malignant melanoma patients were analyzed, and tumor specimens were stained by immunohistochemistry for BiP/GRP78, PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), Ki-67, p53 and microvessel density (MVD) determined by CD34. BiP/GRP78 and PERK were highly expressed in 40 % (53/133) and 78 % (104/133), respectively. BiP/GRP78 disclosed a significant relationship with PERK expression, thickness, T factor, N factor, disease staging, cell proliferation (Ki-67) and MVD (CD34). By multivariate analysis, the high expression of BiP/GRP78 was identified as an independent prognostic factor for predicting poor survival against malignant melanoma. The increased BiP/GRP78 expression was clarified as an independent prognostic marker for predicting worse outcome. ER stress marker, BiP/GRP78 could be a powerful molecular target for the treatment of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masahito Yasuda
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asao
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
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Kaira K, Toyoda M, Shimizu A, Imai H, Sakakura K, Nikkuni O, Suzuki M, Iijima M, Asao T, Chikamatsu K. Decreasing expression of glucose-regulated protein GRP78/BiP as a significant prognostic predictor in patients with advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2016; 38:1539-44. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma Japan
| | - Minoru Toyoda
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma Japan
| | - Hisao Imai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center; Gunma Japan
| | - Koichi Sakakura
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma Japan
| | - Osamu Nikkuni
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma Japan
| | - Masami Suzuki
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery; Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center; Gunma Japan
| | - Misa Iijima
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories; Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center; Gunma Japan
| | - Takayuki Asao
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chikamatsu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma Japan
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Oral squamous cell carcinoma: Key clinical questions, biomarker discovery, and the role of proteomics. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 63:53-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zhang LY, Li PL, Xu A, Zhang XC. Involvement of GRP78 in the Resistance of Ovarian Carcinoma Cells to Paclitaxel. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:3517-22. [PMID: 25921171 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.8.3517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a type of molecular chaperone. It is a possible candidate protein that contributes to development of drug resistance. We first examined the involvement of GRP78 in chemotherapy-resistance in human ovarian cancer cell. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of GRP78 mRNA and protein were examined by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively, in human ovarian cancer cells line (HO-8910). Sensitivity of HO-8910 to paclitaxel was determined with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT). Suppression of GRP78 expression was performed using specific small-interfering RNA (siRNA) in HO-8910 cells, and cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 15.0 statistical package. RESULTS HO-8910 cells, with high basal levels of GRP78, exhibited low sensitivity to paclitaxel. The mRNA and protein levels of GRP78 were dramatically decreased at 24h, 48h and 72h after transfection and the sensitivity to paclitaxel was increased when the GRP78 gene was disturbed by specific siRNA transfection. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that high GRP78 expression might be one of the molecular mechanisms causing resistance to paclitaxel, and therefore siRNA of GRP78 may be useful in tumor-specific gene therapy for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China E-mail :
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Niu Z, Wang M, Zhou L, Yao L, Liao Q, Zhao Y. Elevated GRP78 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16067. [PMID: 26530532 PMCID: PMC4632002 DOI: 10.1038/srep16067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a member of the heat-shock protein 70 family. We evaluated the expression of GRP78 using tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry in tumor tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues from 180 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. The associations between the expression levels of GRP78, clinicopathological factors, and overall survival were evaluated. The results showed that the expression of GRP78 was significantly higher in PDAC cells than in normal pancreatic duct cells within adjacent nontumor tissues (p < 0.05). The increased expression of GRP78 in the tumor tissues was significantly correlated with a higher T-stage (p < 0.05) and a shorter overall survival (OS, p < 0.05). In an in vitro study, the regulation of GRP78 in the PDAC cell lines affected the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PDAC cells through the regulation of CyclinD1, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4, CDK6, phospho-signal transducer, activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), janus kinase 2 (JAK2), ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA), Rho-associated kinase 1 (ROCK1), and sterile alpha motif domain containing protein 4 (Smad4). The present data suggest that GRP78 plays a crucial role in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells and may be a suitable prognostic marker in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Mengyi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Toyoda K, Fukuda T, Sanui T, Tanaka U, Yamamichi K, Atomura R, Maeda H, Tomokiyo A, Taketomi T, Uchiumi T, Nishimura F. Grp78 Is Critical for Amelogenin-Induced Cell Migration in a Multipotent Clonal Human Periodontal Ligament Cell Line. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:414-27. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Toyoda
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Takao Fukuda
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Terukazu Sanui
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Urara Tanaka
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kensuke Yamamichi
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Ryo Atomura
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology; Kyushu University Hospital; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Atsushi Tomokiyo
- Department of Endodontology; Kyushu University Hospital; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Takaharu Taketomi
- Dental and Oral Medical Center; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume, Fukuoka Japan
| | - Takeshi Uchiumi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Fusanori Nishimura
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
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Role of heat shock proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2015; 159:366-71. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2015.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Kaira K, Toyoda M, Shimizu A, Shino M, Sakakura K, Takayasu Y, Takahashi K, Asao T, Chikamatsu K. Expression of ER stress markers (GRP78/BiP and PERK) in adenoid cystic carcinoma. Acta Otolaryngol 2015; 136:1-7. [PMID: 26366837 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2015.1083120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION A high GRP78/BiP expression was proved to be a significant marker for predicting poor outcome after surgery. GRP78/BiP may be a promising molecular target for treatment of ACC. BACKGROUND The glucose-regulated protein GRP78/BiP plays a crucial role in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The level of GRP78 is highly elevated in various human cancers, but the clinicopathological significance of GRP78/BiP remains controversial in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). METHODS A total of 26 ACC patients were analyzed, and tumor specimens were stained by immunohistochemistry for GRP78/BiP, PERK, Ki-67, and microvessel density (MVD) determined by CD34. RESULTS GRP78/BiP and PERK were highly expressed in 58% (15/26) and 35% (9/26), respectively. The high expression of GRP78/BiP was significantly associated with PERK, cell proliferation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minoru Toyoda
- b Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , and
| | - Akira Shimizu
- c Department of Dermatology, Gumna University Graduate School of Medicine , Gunma University , Gunma , Japan
| | - Masato Shino
- b Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , and
| | | | | | | | - Takayuki Asao
- b Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , and
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Ji WT, Chen HR, Lin CH, Lee JW, Lee CC. Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) modulates pro-survival signaling to promote progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88952. [PMID: 24586454 PMCID: PMC3929549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) recruits monocytes and macrophages to inflammation sites, and inflammatory infiltration correlates with the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aims to determine whether MCP-1 expression is related to HNSCC malignancy and patient survival. We also investigated the relationship between MCP-1 expression and the phosphorylation state of the pro-survival pathway factors Akt, ERK, and STAT3. Methods Expression of MCP-1 and related proteins in HNSCC cell lines was investigated using western blotting. HNSCC patients (34) without distant metastasis at diagnosis were recruited for tissue specimen evaluation of MCP-1 expression and clinical outcomes. The relationship between MCP-1 expression and survival was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazard model with stepwise selection. Results High-grade HNSCC cell lines were found to have higher levels of active Akt, ERK, and/or STAT3 than did lower grade cell lines under serum-free condition. OCSL, the most malignant cell line, had the highest level of endogenous MCP-1. Administration of exogenous recombinant MCP-1 increased phosphorylation of Akt, ERK, and STAT3 in a dose- and time-dependent manner and increased cellular resistance to serum starvation. Inhibition of Akt, ERK, or STAT3 reduced cell growth and caused cell death. Long-term survival of HNSCC patients was negatively associated with the histological intensity of MCP-1, implicating MCP-1 as a potential prognostic marker for HNSCC. Conclusions These results suggest that overexpressed MCP-1 in cancer cells may promote HNSCC progression through upregulating pro-survival signaling pathways. High cellular MCP-1 expression is related to poor overall survival rate in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tsai Ji
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Hau-Ren Chen
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Woei Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (C-CL); (J-WL)
| | - Ching-Chih Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (C-CL); (J-WL)
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Abstract
The annexins are a well-known, closely related, multigene superfamily of Ca2+-regulated, phospholipid-dependent, membrane-binding proteins. As a member of the annexins, Anxa1 participates in a variety of important biological processes, such as cellular transduction, membrane aggregation, inflammation, phagocytosis, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Accumulated evidence has indicated that Anxa1 deregulations are associated with the development, invasion, metastasis, occurrence and drug resistance of cancers. The research evidence in recent years indicates that Anxa1 might specifically function either as a tumor suppressor or a tumor promoter candidate for certain cancers depending on the particular type of tumor cells/tissues. This article summarizes the associations between Anxa1 and malignant tumors, as well as potential action mechanisms. Anxa1 has the potential to be used in the future as a biomarker for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of certain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ming-Zhong Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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Zhou X, Xue L, Hao L, Liu S, Zhou F, Xiong H, Qi X, Lin D, Shao S. Proteomics-based identification of tumor relevant proteins in lung adenocarcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2013; 67:621-7. [PMID: 23916545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among malignant tumors. Proteomics is a powerful tool to identify protein biomarkers. The identification of protein biomarkers associated with lung adenocarcinoma would have significance for making prognoses and designing targeted therapies. METHODS In our study, we applied a two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis approach coupled to a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis for the identification of proteins differentially expressed between lung adenocarcinoma and the paired normal bronchial epithelial tissues derived from seven patients (four of them developed distant metastasis after operation). In addition, we chose two candidate proteins and examine their expression levels in lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal tissues using immunohistochemistry methods, and their expression levels in serum of patients and healthy donors by ELISA. RESULT In this study, 173 proteins were found to be differentially expressed (ratio>1.5 or<-1.5, P≤0.05), and 22 of them were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Thirteen proteins were at lower levels in the lung adenocarcinoma group, while nine proteins were at higher abundance. Immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed the expression levels of the two candidate proteins. The differential expression of the candidate secreted protein in serum from lung adenocarcinoma samples and healthy controls was showed by ELISA. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated a differential protein expression pattern for lung adenocarcinoma compared with the paired normal bronchial epithelial tissues. Further functional validation of candidate proteins is ongoing and might provide new insights in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Proteomics of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
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Ji WT, Lee CI, Chen JYF, Cheng YP, Yang SR, Chen JH, Chen HR. Areca nut extract induces pyknotic necrosis in serum-starved oral cells via increasing reactive oxygen species and inhibiting GSK3β: an implication for cytopathic effects in betel quid chewers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63295. [PMID: 23704899 PMCID: PMC3660451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Areca nut has been proven to be correlated with various pathologic alterations in oral cavity. However, the mechanisms for such cytopathic effects are still elusive due mostly to the limitations of cell culture systems. Here we discovered that areca nut extract (ANE) induced production of autophagosome vacuoles in cells cultured with rich medium but induced pyknosis and ballooning, two morphological alterations frequently observed in betel quid chewers, in cells under a serum-free culture condition. Permeability of the serum-starved cells to propidium iodide (PI) confirmed ANE induced novel necrosis with pyknosis (pyknotic necrosis), providing a possible explanation for inflammatory infiltration in chewers’ mucosa. In these serum-starved cells, ANE strongly induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), which acted as a key switch for the initiation of pyknotic necrosis. Calcium flux was also involved in the morphological alterations. Besides, inhibition of GSK3β by SB216763 significantly exacerbated the pyknotic necrosis either induced by ANE or H2O2 in serum-starved cells, suggesting that GSK3β is a critical regulator for ANE/ROS-mediated pyknotic necrosis. Interestingly, LC3-II transition and PARP cleavage were still detected in the serum-starved cells after ANE treatment, suggesting concurrent activation of apoptotic and autophagic pathways. Finally, insulin could counteract the effect of ANE-induced pyknotic necrosis. Taken together, these data provide a platform for studying ANE-induced cytopathogenesis and the first clinical implication for several pathological alterations, such as ballooning and inflammatory infiltration, in betel quid chewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tsai Ji
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-I Lee
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Jeff Yi-Fu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Cheng
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Ru Yang
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hua Chen
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Hau-Ren Chen
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Ji WT, Yang SR, Chen JYF, Cheng YP, Lee YR, Chiang MK, Chen HR. Arecoline downregulates levels of p21 and p27 through the reactive oxygen species/mTOR complex 1 pathway and may contribute to oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:1221-9. [PMID: 22469187 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Arecoline, the major alkaloid of areca nut, has been shown to cause strong genotoxicity and is considered a potential carcinogen. However, the detailed mechanism for arecoline-induced carcinogenesis remains obscure. In this study, we noticed that the levels of p21 and p27 increased in two oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines with high confluence. Furthermore, when treated with arecoline, elevated levels of p21 and p27 could be downregulated through the reactive oxygen species/mTOR complex 1 (ROS/mTORC1) pathway. Although arecoline decreased the activity of mTORC1, the amounts of autophagosome-like vacuoles or type II LC3 remained unchanged, suggesting that the downregulation of p21 and p27 was independent of autophagy-mediated protein destruction. Arecoline also caused DNA damage through ROS, indicating that the reduced levels of p21 and p27 might facilitate G (1) /S transition of the cell cycle and subsequently lead to error-prone DNA replication. In conclusion, these data have provided a possible mechanism for arecoline-induced carcinogenesis in subcytolytic doses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tsai Ji
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
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Laurindo FRM, Pescatore LA, Fernandes DDC. Protein disulfide isomerase in redox cell signaling and homeostasis. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1954-69. [PMID: 22401853 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thiol proteins may potentially act as redox signaling adaptor proteins, adjusting reactive oxygen species intermediates to specific signals and redox signals to cell homeostasis. In this review, we discuss redox effects of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a thioredoxin superfamily oxidoreductase from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Abundantly expressed PDI displays ubiquity, interactions with redox and nonredox proteins, versatile effects, and several posttranslational modifications. The PDI family contains >20 members with at least some apparent complementary actions. PDI has oxidoreductase, isomerase, and chaperone effects, the last not directly dependent on its thiols. PDI is a converging hub for pathways of disulfide bond introduction into ER-processed proteins, via hydrogen peroxide-generating mechanisms involving the oxidase Ero1α, as well as hydrogen peroxide-consuming reactions involving peroxiredoxin IV and the novel peroxidases Gpx7/8. PDI is a candidate pathway for coupling ER stress to oxidant generation. Emerging information suggests a convergence between PDI and Nox family NADPH oxidases. PDI silencing prevents Nox responses to angiotensin II and inhibits Akt phosphorylation in vascular cells and parasite phagocytosis in macrophages. PDI overexpression spontaneously enhances Nox activation and expression. In neutrophils, PDI redox-dependently associates with p47phox and supports the respiratory burst. At the cell surface, PDI exerts transnitrosation, thiol reductase, and apparent isomerase activities toward targets including adhesion and matrix proteins and proteases. Such effects mediate redox-dependent adhesion, coagulation/thrombosis, immune functions, and virus internalization. The route of PDI externalization remains elusive. Such multiple redox effects of PDI may contribute to its conspicuous expression and functional role in disease, rendering PDI family members putative redox cell signaling adaptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco R M Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Reversine suppresses oral squamous cell carcinoma via cell cycle arrest and concomitantly apoptosis and autophagy. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:9. [PMID: 22283874 PMCID: PMC3299600 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effective therapies for oral cancer patients of stage III and IV are generally surgical excision and radiation combined with adjuvant chemotherapy using 5-Fu and Cisplatin. However, the five-year survival rate is still less than 30% in Taiwan. Therefore, evaluation of effective drugs for oral cancer treatment is an important issue. Many studies indicated that aurora kinases (A, B and C) were potential targets for cancer therapies. Reversine was proved to be a novel aurora kinases inhibitor with lower toxicity recently. In this study, the potentiality for reversine as an anticancer agent in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was evaluated. METHODS Effects of reversine on cell growth, cell cycle progress, apoptosis, and autophagy were evaluated mainly by cell counting, flow cytometry, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS The results demonstrated that reversine significantly suppressed the proliferation of two OSCC cell lines (OC2 and OCSL) and markedly rendered cell cycle arrest at G2/M stage. Reversine also induced cell death via both caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis. In addition, reversine could inhibit Akt/mTORC1 signaling pathway, accounting for its ability to induce autophagy. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, reversine suppresses growth of OSCC via multiple mechanisms, which may be a unique advantage for developing novel therapeutic regimens for treatment of oral cancer in the future.
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Wei PL, Kuo LJ, Wang W, Lin FY, Liu HH, How T, Ho YS, Huang MT, Wu CH, Chang YJ. Silencing of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) enhances cell migration through the upregulation of vimentin in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Ann Surg Oncol 2011; 19 Suppl 3:S572-9. [PMID: 21947694 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-011-2055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) plays an important role in embryonic development and cancer progression. However, there is little information regarding the regulation of GRP78 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis. METHODS We used RNA silencing and cDNA expression vectors to manipulate target gene expression in HCC cells. The transwell migration assay and xCelligence biosensor system were applied to determine the proliferatory and migratory ability of the HCC cells. RESULTS In this study, we found that GRP78 silencing enhanced cell migration in both HepJ5 and Mahlavu cells. Overexpressed GRP78 in skHep1 cells suppressed the migratory ability. In the insight mechanism dissection for GRP78-mediated cancer migration, we found that downregulation of GRP78 caused the increase of vimentin expression on HCC cells. Suppressed vimentin expression also decreased the migratory ability on HCC, indicating that vimentin expression levels modulated the cell migratory ability. CONCLUSION We found that silencing GRP78 in HCC cells may enhance cell migration through the increase of vimentin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Li Wei
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Thiel UJE, Feltens R, Adryan B, Gieringer R, Brochhausen C, Schuon R, Fillies T, Grus F, Mann WJ, Brieger J. Analysis of differentially expressed proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma by MALDI-TOF MS. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 40:369-79. [PMID: 21166718 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00982.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the presence of differentially expressed proteins in OSCC for discrimination of tumour and normal mucosa to establish potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Paired protein samples of 12 individuals (tongue cancer and non-cancerous mucosa) were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis. The protein patterns were compared pairwise and protein spots were quantified. We identified about 70 regulated proteins which we subsequently identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. RESULTS Cancerous and non-cancerous tissues could be most precisely distinguished by a panel of proteins. They include the heat shock proteins (hsp)70 and 90, keratins (ck) 5, 6, 13, 14, 16, 17 and 19, beta globin, alpha-2-actin, stratifin, tropomyosin, calreticulin precursor, beta-2-tubulin, galectin7, thioredoxin, involucrin, adenylyl-cyclase-associated protein, disulfide isomerase-associated protein, thyrosine 3-monooxygenase, MYL2 and the s100 calcium binding protein. MYL3, cardiac muscle alpha actin 1 proprotein and transferrin were under-represented in OSCC. Six biomarkers, ck6 und ck13, beta globin, alpha-2-actin, hsp70 and hsp90 discriminated best between cancerous and non-cancerous oral tissues. All over-expressed proteins were analysed by STRING-analysis to highlight experimentally determined and computationally predicted interactions between the proteins. Especially involucrin, hsp70, calreticulin precursor, stratifin, (ck) 5, 6, 14, 19, tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, beta-2-tubulin and disulfide isomerase associated protein showed multiple relations. CONCLUSION We identified six proteins which are differentially expressed in most OSCC compared to healthy tissues. Of those, by string analysis, multiple interaction partners are assumed for hsp70. This protein is supposed to be the most promising candidate as marker molecule and target for OSCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta J E Thiel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany.
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