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Kulkarni SJ. Feedstocks, Synthesis, and Characterization of Cellulosic Materials for Advanced Applications with Emphasis on Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC). BIONANOSCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-023-01080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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2
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Chang HHR, Chen K, Lugtu-Pe JA, AL-Mousawi N, Zhang X, Bar-Shalom D, Kane A, Wu XY. Design and Optimization of a Nanoparticulate Pore Former as a Multifunctional Coating Excipient for pH Transition-Independent Controlled Release of Weakly Basic Drugs for Oral Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020547. [PMID: 36839869 PMCID: PMC9964771 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioavailability of weakly basic drugs may be disrupted by dramatic pH changes or unexpected pH alterations in the gastrointestinal tract. Conventional organic acids or enteric coating polymers cannot address this problem adequately because they leach out or dissolve prematurely, especially during controlled release applications. Thus, a non-leachable, multifunctional terpolymer nanoparticle (TPN) made of cross-linked poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA)-polysorbate 80-grafted-starch (PMAA-PS 80-g-St) was proposed to provide pH transition-independent release of a weakly basic drug, verapamil HCl (VER), by a rationally designed bilayer-coated controlled release bead formulation. The pH-responsive PMAA and cross-linker content in the TPN was first optimized to achieve the largest possible increase in medium uptake alongside the smallest decrease in drug release rate at pH 6.8, relative to pH 1.2. Such TPNs maintained an acidic microenvironmental pH (pHm) when loaded in ethylcellulose (EC) films, as measured using pH-indicating dyes. Further studies of formulations revealed that with the 1:2 VER:TPN ratio and 19% coating weight gain, bilayer-coated beads maintained a constant release rate over the pH transition and exhibited extended release up to 18 h. These results demonstrated that the multifunctional TPN as a pHm modifier and pH-dependent pore former could overcome the severe pH-dependent solubility of weakly basic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Han R. Chang
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Kuan Chen
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Jamie Anne Lugtu-Pe
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Nour AL-Mousawi
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Xuning Zhang
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Daniel Bar-Shalom
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anil Kane
- Patheon by Thermo Fisher Scientific, Toronto Region Operations (TRO), Mississauga, ON L5N 3X4, Canada
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(416)-978-5272
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3
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Tabaght FE, Azzaoui K, Idrissi AE, Jodeh S, Khalaf B, Rhazi L, Bellaouchi R, Asehraou A, Hammouti B, Sabbahi R. Synthesis, characterization, and biodegradation studies of new cellulose-based polymers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1673. [PMID: 36717660 PMCID: PMC9887067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
New cellulose carbamates and cellulose acetate carbamates were prepared by classical addition reaction of isocyanates with alcohols. A Telomerization technique was used to make the grafted molecules strongly anchored and more hydrophobic. These molecules were grafted into cellulose and CA chains, respectively. The structures of the synthesized derivatives were confirmed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared and Thermogravimetric Analysis, and their solubility phenomenon was also established, and the carbamate derivatives showed better solubility compared to cellulose. Their ability to biodegrade was investigated, and it was concluded that Cell-P1 and CA-P1 derivatives are more biodegradable than the other samples. These results suggest that the resulting compounds can be used effectively in many useful industrial fields, for instance, eco-friendly food packaging, domains that use materials that are environmentally friendly and sustainable and the development of green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Tabaght
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - K Azzaoui
- Laboratory of Engineering, Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, 30000, Fez, Morocco.
| | - A El Idrissi
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - S Jodeh
- Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - B Khalaf
- Department of Chemistry, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine
| | - L Rhazi
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle Transformations & Agro-Resources Research Unit (ULR7519), 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026, Beauvais, France
| | - R Bellaouchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Mohammed First University, Faculty of Sciences, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - A Asehraou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Mohammed First University, Faculty of Sciences, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - B Hammouti
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - R Sabbahi
- Laboratory of Development and Valorization of Resources in Desert Zones, Higher School of Technology, Ibn Zohr University, Quartier 25 Mars, P.O. Box 3007, Laayoune, Morocco
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Appraisal of Surelease Clear E-7–19040, an Ethylcellulose Aqueous Dispersion, as a Release Modifier for the Hydrophilic Core. J Pharm Innov 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Moravkar KK, Shah DS, Magar AG, Bhairav BA, Korde SD, Ranch KM, Chalikwar SS. Assessment of pharmaceutical powders flowability and comparative evaluation of lubricants on development of gastro retentive tablets: An application of powder flow tester. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Kaur S, Sivasankaran S, Wambolt E, Jonnalagadda S. Determinants of zero-order release kinetics from acetaminophen-layered Suglet® pellets, Wurster-coated with plasticized Aquacoat® ECD (ethyl cellulose dispersion). Int J Pharm 2020; 573:118873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Li M, Xia J, Ding C, Mao W, Ding H, Xu L, Li S. Development and characterization of ricinoleic acid-based sulfhydryl thiol and ethyl cellulose blended membranes. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 175:131-140. [PMID: 28917848 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl cellulose (EC) membranes can be combined with efficient plasticizers derived from renewable resources to form supramolecular systems. In this paper, a novel ricinoleic acid-based sulfhydryl triol (STRA) was first synthesized and used as a plasticizer for EC membranes. A supramolecular membrane of EC and STRA using van der Waals forces was designed. The morphology, hydrophilic performance, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. While pure EC is brittle, its membrane ductility and hydrophilic performance can be improved by integration with STRA. The highest tensile strength was found in EC/STRA (90/10) (8.37MPa). Impressively, the EC/STRA(60/40) and EC/STRA(50/50) elongation at break values were 17.4 and 20.2 times higher, respectively, than that of pure EC. This novel ricinoleic acid-based sulfhydryl triol can be used as a feedstock for hydrophobic EC membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF, Jiangsu Province Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing 210042, PR China; Institute of Forest New Technology, CAF, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Jianling Xia
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF, Jiangsu Province Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing 210042, PR China; Institute of Forest New Technology, CAF, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Chengxiang Ding
- Forest Chemical Industry Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Nanjing Science and Technology Development Corporation, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Wei Mao
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF, Jiangsu Province Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Haiyang Ding
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF, Jiangsu Province Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Lina Xu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF, Jiangsu Province Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Shouhai Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF, Jiangsu Province Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing 210042, PR China; Institute of Forest New Technology, CAF, Beijing 100091, PR China.
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8
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Kazlauske J, Cafaro MM, Caccavo D, Marucci M, Lamberti G, Barba AA, Larsson A. Determination of the release mechanism of Theophylline from pellets coated with Surelease ®-A water dispersion of ethyl cellulose. Int J Pharm 2017; 528:345-353. [PMID: 28583332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the water transport over free standing films based on the aqueous ethyl cellulose (EC) coating Surelease® and the drug (Theophylline) release mechanism from coated pellets. It was found that the main drug release rate from pellets was controlled by a diffusion mechanism. However, the drug release rate was altered by addition of sodium chloride to the external release medium. A decrease in the drug release rate when sodium chloride is added to the release medium has traditionally been used to indicate an osmotic drug release mechanism. However, our findings that the release rate decreased by sodium chloride addition could be explained by sodium chloride diffusing through the coating layer into the inner parts of the pellets, decreasing the solubility of Theophylline. This gave a reduced drug concentration gradient over the coating layer and thus a slower release rate. Furthermore, this study shows, as expected, that the transport of water through Surelease® films into the pellets was faster than the transport out of Theophylline (approx. seven times), which was the reason why the pellets were swelling during the release. It was also shown that the drug release rate, determined for both whole dose release and for single pellets, decreased with increasing thickness (from 16 to 51μm) of the coating layer controlling the drug release rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgita Kazlauske
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden; SuMo BIOMATERIALS, A VINNOVA VINN Excellence Center at Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | | | - Diego Caccavo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Marucci
- SuMo BIOMATERIALS, A VINNOVA VINN Excellence Center at Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden; AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gaetano Lamberti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy
| | - Anna Angela Barba
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy
| | - Anette Larsson
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden; SuMo BIOMATERIALS, A VINNOVA VINN Excellence Center at Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden.
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Downstream drug product processing of itraconazole nanosuspension: Factors influencing drug particle size and dissolution from nanosuspension-layered beads. Int J Pharm 2017; 524:443-453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Rajabi-Siahboomi AR, Mehta RY, Ambudkar V, Dias V, Tiwari S. Ethylcellulose Applications in Multiparticulate Systems. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7012-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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11
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Ammar HO, Ghorab MM, Felton LA, Gad S, Fouly AA. Effect of Antiadherents on the Physical and Drug Release Properties of Acrylic Polymeric Films. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:682-92. [PMID: 26314244 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiadherents are used to decrease tackiness of a polymer coating during both processing and subsequent storage. Despite being a common excipient in coating formulae, antiadherents may affect mechanical properties of the coating film as well as drug release from film-coated tablets, but how could addition of antiadherents affect these properties and to what extent and is there a relation between the physical characteristics of the tablet coat and the drug release mechanisms? The aim of this study was to evaluate physical characteristics of films containing different amounts of the antiadherents talc, glyceryl monostearate, and PlasACRYL(TM) T20. Eudragit RL30D and Eudragit RS30D as sustained release polymers and Eudragit FS30D as a delayed release material were used. Polymer films were characterized by tensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), microscopic examination, and water content as calculated from loss on drying. The effect of antiadherents on in vitro drug release for the model acetylsalicylic acid tablets coated with Eudragit FS30D was also determined. Increasing talc concentration was found to decrease the ability of the polymer films to resist mechanical stress. In contrast, glyceryl monostearate (GMS) and PlasACRYL produced more elastic films. Talc at concentrations higher than 25% caused negative effects, which make 25% concentration recommended to be used with acrylic polymers. All antiadherents delayed the drug release at all coating levels; hence, different tailoring of drug release may be achieved by adjusting antiadherent concentration with coating level.
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12
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Preparation and evaluation of enteric-coated delayed-release pellets of duloxetine hydrochloride using a fluidized bed coater. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:2163-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0590-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Exploring the drug migration process through ethyl cellulose-based films from infrared-spectral insights. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 93:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Fang Y, Wang G, Zhang R, Liu Z, Liu Z, Wu X, Cao D. Eudragit L/HPMCAS blend enteric-coated lansoprazole pellets: enhanced drug stability and oral bioavailability. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:513-21. [PMID: 24590548 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-013-0035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the present work were to use blends of Eudragit L and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) as enteric film coatings for lansoprazole (LSP) pellets. The enteric-coated pellets were prepared with a fluid-bed coater. The influence of the blend ratio, type of plasticizer, plasticizer level, coating level, and curing conditions on gastric stability in vitro drug release and drug stability was evaluated. Furthermore, the bioavailability of the blend-coated pellets in beagle dogs was also performed. The blend-coated pellets exhibited significant improvement of gastric stability and drug stability compared to the pure polymer-coated pellets. Moreover, the AUC values of blend-coated pellets were greater than that of the pure polymer-coated pellets. It was concluded that the using blends of Eudragit L and HPMCAS as enteric film coatings for LSP pellets improved the drug stability and oral bioavailability.
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Jansson A, Boissier C, Marucci M, Nicholas M, Gustafsson S, Hermansson AM, Olsson E. Novel method for visualizing water transport through phase-separated polymer films. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2014; 20:394-406. [PMID: 24565032 DOI: 10.1017/s143192761400021x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Drug release from oral pharmaceutical formulations can be modified by applying a polymeric coating film with controlled mass transport properties. Interaction of the coating film with water may crucially influence its composition and permeability to both water and drug. Understanding this interaction between film microstructure, wetting, and mass transport is important for the development of new coatings. We present a novel method for controlled wetting of polymer coating films in an environmental scanning electron microscope, providing direct visual information about the processes occurring as the film goes from dry to wet. Free films made of phase-separated blends of water-insoluble ethyl cellulose (EC) and water-soluble hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) were used as a model system, and the blend ratio was varied to study the effect on the water transport properties. Local variations in water transport through the EC/HPC films were directly observed, enabling the immediate analysis of the structure-mass transport relationships. The leaching of HPC could be studied by evaporating water from the films in situ. Significant differences were observed between films of varying composition. The method provides a valuable complement to the current approach of making distinct diffusion and microscopy experiments for studying the dynamic interaction of polymer films with water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jansson
- 1 Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Gustafsson
- 1 Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne-Marie Hermansson
- 3 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Olsson
- 1 Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Yang D, Peng X, Zhong L, Cao X, Chen W, Zhang X, Liu S, Sun R. “Green” films from renewable resources: Properties of epoxidized soybean oil plasticized ethyl cellulose films. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 103:198-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mohamed FAA, Roberts M, Seton L, Ford JL, Levina M, Rajabi-Siahboomi AR. Film-coated matrix mini-tablets for the extended release of a water-soluble drug. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:623-30. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.891128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Study of the effect of plasticizer on the structure and surface characteristics of ethylcellulose free films with FT-IR spectroscopy. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Dey T. WITHDRAWN: Cellulosic oleogel as trans-fat substitute: Viscoelastic and structural properties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Dey T. Viscoelastic and Structural Properties of Cellulosic Oleogels. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2011.631246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Effect of the manufacturing conditions on the structure and permeability of polymer films intended for coating undergoing phase separation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 83:301-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Piao H, Liu S, Piao H, Li X, Cui F. Development of an osmotically-driven pellet coated with acrylic copolymers (Eudragit® RS 30 D) for the sustained release of oxymatrine, a freely water soluble drug used to treat stress ulcers (I): in vitro and in vivo evaluation in rabbits. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:1230-7. [PMID: 22873131 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.707206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an osmotically-driven pellet coated with polymeric film for sustained release of oxymatrine (OMT), a freely water soluble drug. METHODS Pellet containing OMT and sodium chloride (NaCl), an osmotically active agent, were prepared by extrusion/spheronization and then coated with acrylic copolymers (Eudragit(®) RS 30 D) by the fluidized bed coating process. In vitro release and swelling behavior studies were employed to optimize and to evaluate the sustained-release behavior from the osmotically-driven pellets with film coated. Finally, in vivo evaluation in rabbits was employed to investigate the sustained plasma level of OMT and its active metabolite matrine. RESULTS It was found that the F3 formulation, prepared with 20% NaCl and an 8% coating level, showed a continuous NaCl-induced water influx into the pellets providing a gradual sustained release of OMT for over 12 h. Finally, we confirmed that oral OMT with sustained release led to a gradual sustained plasma profile of both OMT, with a reduction in its bioavailability, and MT with an increase in the bioavailability compared with that of oral OMT with immediate release. CONCLUSIONS The pharmaceutical parameters obtained suggested the potential usefulness of oral OMT with sustained release for the treatment of stress ulcers, as well as reducing the risk of MT-induced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Piao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Kaunisto E, Marucci M, Borgquist P, Axelsson A. Mechanistic modelling of drug release from polymer-coated and swelling and dissolving polymer matrix systems. Int J Pharm 2011; 418:54-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Azarbayjani AF, Khu JV, Chan YW, Chan SY. Development and characterization of skin permeation retardants and enhancers: A comparative study of levothyroxine-loaded PNIPAM, PLA, PLGA and EC microparticles. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2011; 32:380-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia Vu Khu
- Department of Pharmacy; National University of Singapore; Block S4, Level 2, Science Drive 4; 117543; Singapore
| | - Yew Weng Chan
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Singapore General Hospital; 169608; Singapore
| | - Sui Yung Chan
- Department of Pharmacy; National University of Singapore; Block S4, Level 2, Science Drive 4; 117543; Singapore
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25
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Shravani D, Lakshmi P, Balasubramaniam J. Preparation and optimization of various parameters of enteric coated pellets using the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design and their characterization. Acta Pharm Sin B 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Hashem FM, Shaker DS, Nasr M, Saad IE, Ragaey R. Guar gum and hydroxy propyl methylcellulose compressed coated tablets for colonic drug delivery: in vitro and in vivo evaluation in healthy human volunteers. Drug Discov Ther 2011; 5:90-5. [DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2011.v5.2.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahima M. Hashem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University
| | - Dalia S. Shaker
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University
| | - Mohamed Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University
| | - Ibrahim E. Saad
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
| | - Reem Ragaey
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University
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27
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Highly fluorescent ethyl cellulose nanoparticles containing embedded semiconductor nanocrystals. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Heinicke G, Schwartz JB. The Influence of Surfactants and Additives on Drug Release from a Cationic Eudragit Coated Multiparticulate Diltiazem Formulation. Pharm Dev Technol 2008; 12:381-9. [PMID: 17763143 DOI: 10.1080/10837450701369170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A cationic polymethacrylate coated multiparticulate diltiazem formulation exhibited sigmoidal drug release. Lag time prior to drug release was influenced by dissolution media, coat thickness, and by the nature of additives included in the formulation. Incorporation of up to 5% w/w sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) in the coating membrane resulted in substantial increases in lag times in acidic and neutral media. The extent of drug release in acid was 100%, whereas in phosphate buffer, the extent of release was dependent on the level of SLS. Substituting SLS for various compounds was used to assess the functionality of the SLS molecule responsible for these behaviors. The ability to ion-pair with the polymer and the presence of a hydrophobic moiety were both important functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Heinicke
- Formulation Development, Actavis Elizabeth LLC, Elizabeth, NJ, USA
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29
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Verhoeven E, De Beer T, Van den Mooter G, Remon J, Vervaet C. Influence of formulation and process parameters on the release characteristics of ethylcellulose sustained-release mini-matrices produced by hot-melt extrusion. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 69:312-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Revised: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Shi P, Li Y, Zhang L. Fabrication and property of chitosan film carrying ethyl cellulose microspheres. Carbohydr Polym 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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How to improve the storage stability of aqueous polymeric film coatings. J Control Release 2008; 126:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Kangarlou S, Haririan I, Gholipour Y. Physico-mechanical analysis of free ethyl cellulose films comprised with novel plasticizers of vitamin resources. Int J Pharm 2008; 356:153-66. [PMID: 18355993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Revised: 12/25/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This research was conducted to investigate the physico-mechanical characteristics of the EC-based coating membranes plasticized with two informal ingredients of vitamin resources, cholecalciferol and alpha-tocopherol, with respect to the commercial plasticizer DBS. Proceeding the experiment, free thin polymer sheetings of the sample formulations, incorporating incremental weight percents of the individual plasticizers were prepared employing a revised casting method of delayed solvent evaporation whereby similar flat specimens of standard dimensions were subjected to tensile loadings and extensions. The data were analyzed through the known equations of membrane theory in spherical subjects considering the complete symmetry of assumingly spherical pellets and/or granules. The relative tensile parameters of the experimental and commercial plasticizers in the resilient region were also estimated to fairly decide on a moderate explanation of a strong, hard, and tough structure among the specimens. The results implied the great compatibility of the oily soluble vitamins in EC networks projecting higher factors of safety and greater ultimate strength, toughness, and young coefficient of the formulations compared to the specimens plasticized with the commercial DBS within a concentration range of 40-50% (w/w) of the polymer solids. alpha-Tocopherol represented supremacy over colecalciferol to result in relatively a 2-fold (and practically a 4-fold with respect to DBS) greater increase in the modulus of resilience. The vitamin compounds and in essential alpha-tocopherol, in consequence, can properly be applied at concentrations of 40-50% (w/w) as efficient plasticizers to provide a greater protection of the structure against sudden fractures of dynamic and continuously increasing environmental and biological stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogol Kangarlou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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33
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Polymer blends for controlled release coatings. J Control Release 2008; 125:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Siepmann F, Muschert S, Zach S, Leclercq B, Carlin B, Siepmann J. Carrageenan as an Efficient Drug Release Modifier for Ethylcellulose-Coated Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:3984-91. [DOI: 10.1021/bm7009587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Siepmann
- College of Pharmacy, JE 2491, University of Lille, 3 Rue du Professeur Laguesse, 59006 Lille, France, FMC BioPolymer, Avenue Mounier 83, 1200 Brussels, Belgium, and FMC BioPolymer, U.S. Route 1 & Plainsboro Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Susanne Muschert
- College of Pharmacy, JE 2491, University of Lille, 3 Rue du Professeur Laguesse, 59006 Lille, France, FMC BioPolymer, Avenue Mounier 83, 1200 Brussels, Belgium, and FMC BioPolymer, U.S. Route 1 & Plainsboro Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Stefanie Zach
- College of Pharmacy, JE 2491, University of Lille, 3 Rue du Professeur Laguesse, 59006 Lille, France, FMC BioPolymer, Avenue Mounier 83, 1200 Brussels, Belgium, and FMC BioPolymer, U.S. Route 1 & Plainsboro Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Bruno Leclercq
- College of Pharmacy, JE 2491, University of Lille, 3 Rue du Professeur Laguesse, 59006 Lille, France, FMC BioPolymer, Avenue Mounier 83, 1200 Brussels, Belgium, and FMC BioPolymer, U.S. Route 1 & Plainsboro Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Brian Carlin
- College of Pharmacy, JE 2491, University of Lille, 3 Rue du Professeur Laguesse, 59006 Lille, France, FMC BioPolymer, Avenue Mounier 83, 1200 Brussels, Belgium, and FMC BioPolymer, U.S. Route 1 & Plainsboro Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Juergen Siepmann
- College of Pharmacy, JE 2491, University of Lille, 3 Rue du Professeur Laguesse, 59006 Lille, France, FMC BioPolymer, Avenue Mounier 83, 1200 Brussels, Belgium, and FMC BioPolymer, U.S. Route 1 & Plainsboro Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
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35
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Fernández-Pérez M, Villafranca-Sánchez M, Flores-Céspedes F. Controlled-release formulations of cyromazine-lignin matrix coated with ethylcellulose. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2007; 42:863-8. [PMID: 17763045 DOI: 10.1080/03601230701555153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
An encapsulation system was developed and designed to give long-lasting effectiveness of the insect growth regulator cyromazine. Cyromazine was incorporated in lignin-poly (ethylene glycol) (PE) controlled-release formulations by means of a melting process. The basic formulation [lignin (65%)-PE (20%)-cyromazine (15%)] was coated in a Wurster-type fluidized-bed equipment using two different amounts of ethylcellulose. That of the highest one was modified by the addition of a plasticizer, dibutyl sebacate (DBS). The effect on cyromazine release rate caused by the incorporation of ethylcellulose and DBS in lignin-PE formulation was studied by immersion of the granules in water under static conditions. Using an empirical equation, the time taken for 50% of the active ingredient to be released into water (T(50)) was calculated. From the analysis of the T(50) values, the influence of ethylcellulose appears clearly defined, observing a delay in release rate of cyromazine with respect to the basic lignin-PE formulation. In addition, the granules coated with ethylcellulose and the plasticizer lead the slowest release rate into water. The release of cyromazine into water is controlled by a diffusion mechanism. The thickness and permeability of the coating film are the most important factors that affect cyromazine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernández-Pérez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
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36
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Ye ZW, Rombout P, Remon JP, Vervaet C, Van den Mooter G. Correlation between the permeability of metoprolol tartrate through plasticized isolated ethylcellulose/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose films and drug release from reservoir pellets. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007; 67:485-90. [PMID: 17383166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Revised: 02/08/2007] [Accepted: 02/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates if drug diffusion through plasticized isolated ethylcellulose (EC)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) films prepared by solvent casting can be used as a tool to develop spray-coated dosage forms. In particular, the importance of the level and type of plasticizers was investigated. The permeability of the model drug metoprolol tartrate through plasticized isolated films could be adjusted by selecting the type and amount of plasticizer in the films due to the different hydrophilicity of the plasticizers. The release of metoprolol tartrate from coated pellets is consistent with the drug diffusion through the films made up of the same polymer blends. This indicated that it is useful to test isolated films for early predictions and for formulation optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-wei Ye
- Laboratorium voor Farmacotechnologie en Biofarmacie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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37
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Siepmann F, Hoffmann A, Leclercq B, Carlin B, Siepmann J. How to adjust desired drug release patterns from ethylcellulose-coated dosage forms. J Control Release 2007; 119:182-9. [PMID: 17391796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Revised: 02/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide an easy and efficient tool to adjust desired drug release kinetics from (aqueous) ethylcellulose-coated solid dosage forms and to better understand the underlying mass transport mechanisms. Pure ethylcellulose films are poorly permeable for many substances and can result in very low release rates for certain drugs from coated dosage forms, if the film coatings are completely formed and remain intact upon exposure to the release media. To increase the permeability of the polymeric membranes, different amounts of a water-soluble poly(vinyl alcohol)-poly(ethylene glycol) graft copolymer (PVA-PEG graft copolymer) were added to an aqueous ethylcellulose dispersion (Aquacoat ECD). Importantly, the presence of only a low percentage of this hydrophilic copolymer significantly increased the resulting water uptake rate and extent, dry weight loss and drug permeability of the films. In contrast to hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), the PVA-PEG graft copolymer does not cause flocculation of the colloidal coating dispersion (leading to potentially variable release rates). Interestingly, the transport of water as well as of the model drug theophylline through the polymeric networks was primarily controlled by pure diffusion. The penetration kinetics could be quantitatively described by Fick's law of diffusion, irrespective of the type of release medium and PVA-PEG graft copolymer content. Most important from a practical point of view, a broad spectrum of pH-independent drug release rates can easily be obtained from drug-loaded pellets by simply varying the PVA-PEG graft copolymer content. An appropriate curing step after coating is required, but interestingly the investigated curing conditions (differing in time and relative humidity) resulted in very similar drug release patterns, indicating that stable film structures are likely to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Siepmann
- College of Pharmacy, JE 2491, University of Lille, 3 Rue du Professeur Laguesse, 59006 Lille, France
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38
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Pérez-García S, Fernández-Pérez M, Villafranca-Sánchez M, González-Pradas E, Flores-Céspedes F. Controlled Release of Ammonium Nitrate from Ethylcellulose Coated Formulations. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ie061530s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Lee SY, Cho MS, Nam JD, Lee Y. Melting Processing of Biodegradable Cellulose Diacetate/Starch Composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200651019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Fekete R, Marosi G, Fekete P, Dredán J, Marton S, Antal I. Structural Characteristics and Permeability of Ethyl Cellulose Films Containing Different Plasticizers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200690086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Chan LW, Ong KT, Heng PWS. Novel Film Modifiers to Alter the Physical Properties of Composite Ethylcellulose Films. Pharm Res 2005; 22:476-89. [PMID: 15835754 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-004-1886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), molecular-composite PVP, and Plasdone S-630 copolyvidonum are potential polymeric film modifiers for achieving improved drug release. The aim of this study was to investigate how these polymeric additives would affect the physicomechanical properties of composite ethylcellulose films. METHODS The miscibility of these polymeric additives with ethylcellulose was determined from the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms of various polymer blends formed from organic solvents. It was found that ethylcellulose (EC) was miscible with the polymeric additives up to a concentration of 50%. Ten percent to 30% w/w polymeric additives were then added to aqueous ethylcellulose dispersion to form composite films. The morphology, film transparency, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) thermograms, and mechanical properties of the composite ethylcellulose films were studied. In addition, puncture strength and % elongation of the dry and wet films were also compared from indentation test. RESULTS Significant reduction and change in film transparency and morphology was obtained for EC films blended with PVP of higher molecular weight (MW). The composite EC films also showed higher Tg, greater elastic modulus, tensile and puncture strength depending on the concentration and type of additives present. CONCLUSIONS The interaction between ethylcellulose and the polymeric additives is dependent on the MW and concentration of additives. The composite films offer new opportunities for the use of ethyl-cellulose as modified release coatings for dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wah Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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42
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Lecomte F, Siepmann J, Walther M, MacRae RJ, Bodmeier R. Polymer blends used for the aqueous coating of solid dosage forms: importance of the type of plasticizer. J Control Release 2004; 99:1-13. [PMID: 15342176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2004] [Accepted: 05/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of the type of plasticizer in polymer blends used for the coating of solid dosage forms, comparing a lipophilic and a hydrophilic plasticizer (dibutyl sebacate (DBS) and triethyl citrate (TEC)). In vitro drug release from propranolol hydrochloride (propranolol HCl)-loaded pellets coated with blends of ethyl cellulose (EC) and Eudragit L (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 w/w) was investigated at low as well as at high pH. To better understand the underlying mass transport mechanisms, the physicochemical properties of the film coatings (e.g. mechanical resistance, water uptake and dry weight loss behavior) were determined. Interestingly, drug release strongly depended on the type of plasticizer. Importantly, not only the slope but also the shape of the release curves was affected, indicating that the chemical nature of the plasticizer plays a major role for the underlying drug release mechanisms. Diffusion through the intact polymer coatings and/or through water-filled cracks was found to be dominating for the control of drug release. The relative importance of these pathways strongly depended on the polymer blend ratio and type of plasticizer. In contrast to DBS, TEC rapidly leached out of the coatings, resulting in decreasing mechanical resistances of the films and, thus, facilitated crack formation. In addition, the hydrophilicity of the plasticizer significantly affected the water uptake behavior of the film coatings and, hence, changes in the coatings' toughness and drug permeability. Also the relative affinity of the plasticizer to the different polymers was found to be of significance. In contrast to TEC, DBS has a higher affinity to EC than to Eudragit L, resulting in potential redistributions of this plasticizer within the polymeric systems and changes in the release profiles during storage. Importantly, these effects could be avoided with appropriate curing conditions and preparation techniques for the coating dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lecomte
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Kelchstr. 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany
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43
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Lin SY, Li MJ, Lin KH. Hydrophilic excipients modulate the time lag of time-controlled disintegrating press-coated tablets. AAPS PharmSciTech 2004; 5:e54. [PMID: 15760051 PMCID: PMC2750479 DOI: 10.1208/pt050454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An oral press-coated tablet was developed by means of direct compression to achieve the time-controlled disintegrating or rupturing function with a distinct predetermined lag time. This press-coated tablet containing sodium diclofenac in the inner core was formulated with an outer shell by different weight ratios of hydrophobic polymer of micronized ethylcellulose (EC) powder and hydrophilic excipients such as spray-dried lactose (SDL) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). The effect of the formulation of an outer shell comprising both hydrophobic polymer and hydrophilic excipients on the time lag of drug release was investigated. The release profile of the press-coated tablet exhibited a time period without drug release (time lag) followed by a rapid and complete release phase, in which the outer shell ruptured or broke into 2 halves. The lag phase was markedly dependent on the weight ratios of EC/SDL or EC/HPMC in the outer shell. Different time lags of the press-coated tablets from 1.0 to 16.3 hours could be modulated by changing the type and amount of the excipients. A semilogarithmic plot of the time lag of the tablet against the weight ratios of EC/SDL or EC/HPMC in the outer shell demonstrated a good linear relationship, with r = 0.976 and r = 0.982, respectively. The predetermined time lag prior to the drug release from a press-coated tablet prepared by using a micronized EC as a retarding coating shell can be adequately scheduled with the addition of hydrophilic excipients according to the time or site requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Yang Lin
- Biopharmaceutics Laboratory, Department of Medical Research and Education, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taipei, Republic of China.
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44
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Royce A, Li S, Weaver M, Shah U. In vivo and in vitro evaluation of three controlled release principles of 6-N-cyclohexyl-2′-O-methyladenosine. J Control Release 2004; 97:79-90. [PMID: 15147806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2004] [Accepted: 02/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
6-N-Cyclohexyl-2'-O-methyladenosine was formulated into controlled release formulations exhibiting comparable in vitro release profiles using different formulation principles, i.e. osmotic pump tablets, membrane-coated pellets and hydrophilic matrix tablet. Dissolution behaviour of these formulations was evaluated in vitro under various testing conditions to assess the effect of pH and hydrodynamic conditions. It was found that osmotic tablets were not sensitive to dissolution media pH and hydrodynamics change, while drug release from monolithic hydrophilic matrix tablets were pH-dependent. When tested in vivo in dogs, it was found that metabolism of 6-N-Cyclohexyl-2'-O-methyladenosine was extensive and appeared to be saturable based on a pharmacokinetic study. Cumulative percent input in vivo (%dose) was obtained by numerical deconvolution, and compared to in vitro release profiles. A linear correlation between fraction absorbed (FRA) in vivo and fraction dissolved (FRD) in vitro was established for osmotic tablets--a true zero-order release formula, whereas only a nonlinear correlation was obtained for membrane-coated pellets. The difference in the in vivo behaviour of these formulations, despite their similar in vitro release characteristics, demonstrated the effect of different controlled release principles on their in vivo bioavailability. The curvature of fraction absorbed in vivo vs. fraction dissolved in vitro for membrane-coated pellets indicated that there was a time-scale difference between in vivo and in vitro testing. In conclusion, drug release from the osmotic system was independent of in vitro and in vivo conditions, where best sustained release effect was achieved, whereas the in vitro dissolution test employed for membrane-coated pellets and hydrophilic matrix tablets needed to be optimized to be biorelevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Royce
- Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA
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45
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Lecomte F, Siepmann J, Walther M, MacRae RJ, Bodmeier R. Blends of enteric and GIT-insoluble polymers used for film coating: physicochemical characterization and drug release patterns. J Control Release 2003; 89:457-71. [PMID: 12737848 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(03)00155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY WERE: (i). to use blends of gastrointestinal tract (GIT)-insoluble and enteric polymers (ethyl cellulose and Eudragit L) as coating materials for multiparticulate controlled release dosage forms; (ii). to investigate the effects of the polymer blend ratio and coating level on the resulting drug release patterns; and (iii). to explain the observed phenomena based on the physicochemical properties of the systems. Propranolol HCl-loaded pellets were coated in a fluidized bed coater with organic polymer solutions; thin, drug-containing and drug-free, polymeric films were prepared using a casting knife. In vitro drug release, water uptake and dry weight loss studies were performed in 0.1 M HCl and phosphate buffer pH 7.4, respectively. The apparent drug diffusion coefficients within the polymeric systems were determined using different experimental and theoretical techniques (side-by-side diffusion cells, in vitro drug release from thin films; exact and approximate solutions of Fick's second law of diffusion). A broad range of drug release patterns from coated pellets could be achieved by varying the GIT-insoluble:enteric polymer blend ratio. With increasing relative amounts of Eudragit L, the release rates in both media significantly increased. The increase at low pH could be attributed to an increase in water uptake, as observed with thin films. Interestingly, only partial Eudragit L leaching occurred in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 even at high enteric polymer contents, indicating that the GIT-insoluble polymer effectively hindered the dissolution of the entrapped Eudragit L. At high pH, both polymer leaching and polymer swelling contributed to the control of drug release. The determined apparent drug diffusion coefficients take the two effects adequately into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lecomte
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Kelchstr 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany
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46
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Ofori-Kwakye K, Fell JT. Leaching of pectin from mixed films containing pectin, chitosan and HPMC intended for biphasic drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2003; 250:251-7. [PMID: 12480290 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mixed films containing pectin, chitosan and HPMC, prepared by solvent casting from 0.1 M HCl (pH 1.5) and 0.1 M acetic acid (pH 2.9) were evaluated for their morphological and leaching properties. Films cast at pH 1.5 were uniform with smooth surfaces while films cast at pH 2.9 showed particle aggregation and had rough surfaces due to polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) formation between pectin and chitosan in the medium. The leaching of pectin was higher from films at cast pH 1.5 due to the absence of PEC formation. Pectin leaching was controlled in simulated upper gastrointestinal conditions but was accelerated in the presence of pectinolytic enzymes. The leaching of pectin from the mixed films was a function of the pH of the film casting solvent, pH of the incubation medium, PEC formation and HPMC content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwabena Ofori-Kwakye
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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47
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Vervarcke S, Ollevier F, Kinget R, Michoel A. Development of a lag time coating for drug-layered fish feed pellets. Pharm Dev Technol 2002; 7:471-80. [PMID: 12503528 DOI: 10.1081/pdt-120015049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to develop a release-delaying coat for drug-layered fish pellets, in order to prevent a premature release of the drug in the tank water but allowing a rapid release after uptake by the fish. Blank pellets were prepared in a rotary processor and drug layered in a Wurster coater with bovine serum albumin or riboflavin using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as a binder. On the drug-loaded pellets, different mixtures of ethyl cellulose (EC) and HPMC were applied as the release-delaying coat. The aim was to obtain less than 10% drug release during the first 10 min followed by a fast release after the "lag" period, resulting in a sigmoidal release profile. In order to prevent coat bursts it was necessary to increase the amount of plasticizer from 20 to 40% triethylcitrate. To have a complete coat around the pellets, the thickness of the coat (amount EC) was important up to a certain level. The EC/HPMC ratio had a decisive influence on optimizing the permeability of the coating and realizing a sigmoidal release profile. The release rate was studied as a function of several formulation variables and physicochemical parameters (salinity, pH, and temperature) of the dissolution medium as the coating system is intended for different fish species. Salinity of the water proved to be important as well as the temperature. The developed system seems to be promising for a lot of ichthyologic applications, although it has to be evaluated for each intended drug, keeping in mind the properties of the particles to be coated, the fish species, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefaan Vervarcke
- Laboratorium voor Farmacotechnologie en Biofarmacie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O + N, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Fukui E, Miyamura N, Yoneyama T, Kobayashi M. Drug release from and mechanical properties of press-coated tablets with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate and plasticizers in the outer shell. Int J Pharm 2001; 217:33-43. [PMID: 11292540 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(01)00578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dissolution profiles of diltiazem hydrochloride (DIL) contained in core tablets from press-coated (PC) tablets with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and plasticizers-adsorbent in the outer shell were investigated. Although, on the addition of triethyl citrate (TEC), triacetin (TA), and acetyltriethy citrate (ATEC) as plasticizers, DIL release was suppressed completely in first fluid (pH 1.2) for 10 h, it was not suppressed in HPMCAS on the addition of dibutyl sebacate (DBS) and acetylated monoglyceride. On the other hand, DIL in second fluid (pH 6.8) was released rapidly after a lag time in all the PC tablets. Water-soluble plasticizers such as TEC, TA, and ATEC showed greater compatibility to HPMCAS, and the results were consistent with suppression of DIL release in first fluid. Furthermore, as to PC tablets with HPMCAS and TEC-adsorbent, the DIL release in second fluid did not change after pretreatment in first fluid by the paddle-beads methods. To evaluate the resistance of the outer shell against such a mechanical impact, tablets with HPMCAS, HPMCAS and TEC- or DBS-adsorbent (H, HT, or HD tablets, respectively) were prepared. In compressive load-strain curves after immersion in first fluid, wet crushing strength was lower in the order of HT > H > HD tablets. Also, the curves of HT tablets at 3 and 21 h after immersion were quite different from those of other tablets, and it was hard to find crushing points. These results suggested that the resistance of the outer shell was due to plastic deformation properties involving some interaction between HPMCAS and TEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fukui
- Product & Technology Development Laboratory, Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd., 16-89 Kashima-3-chome, Yodogawa-ku, 532-0085, Osaka, Japan.
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