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Maggs X. A synthetic review: natural history of amniote reproductive modes in light of comparative evolutionary genomics. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 39300750 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
There is a current lack of consensus on whether the ancestral parity mode was oviparity (egg-laying) or viviparity (live-birth) in amniotes and particularly in squamates (snakes, lizards, and amphisbaenids). How transitions between parity modes occur at the genomic level has primary importance for how science conceptualises the origin of amniotes, and highly variable parity modes in Squamata. Synthesising literature from medicine, poultry science, reproductive biology, and evolutionary biology, I review the genomics and physiology of five broad processes (here termed the 'Main Five') expected to change during transitions between parity modes: eggshell formation, embryonic retention, placentation, calcium transport, and maternal-fetal immune dynamics. Throughout, I offer alternative perspectives and testable hypotheses regarding proximate causes of parity mode evolution in amniotes and squamates. If viviparity did evolve early in the history of lepidosaurs, I offer the nucleation site hypothesis as a proximate explanation. The framework of this hypothesis can be extended to amniotes to infer their ancestral state. I also provide a mechanism and hypothesis on how squamates may transition from viviparity to oviparity and make predictions about the directionality of transitions in three species. After considering evidence for differing perspectives on amniote origins, I offer a framework that unifies (i) the extended embryonic retention model and (ii) the traditional model which describes the amniote egg as an adaptation to the terrestrial environment. Additionally, this review contextualises the origin of amniotes and parity mode evolution within Medawar's paradigm. Medawar posited that pregnancy could be supported by immunosuppression, inertness, evasion, or immunological barriers. I demonstrate that this does not support gestation or gravidity across most amniotes but may be an adequate paradigm to explain how the first amniote tolerated internal fertilization and delayed egg deposition. In this context, the eggshell can be thought of as an immunological barrier. If serving as a barrier underpins the origin of the amniote eggshell, there should be evidence that oviparous gravidity can be met with a lack of immunological responses in utero. Rare examples of two species that differentially express very few genes during gravidity, suggestive of an absent immunological reaction to oviparous gravidity, are two skinks Lampropholis guichenoti and Lerista bougainvillii. These species may serve as good models for the original amniote egg. Overall, this review grounds itself in the historical literature while offering a modern perspective on the origin of amniotes. I encourage the scientific community to utilise this review as a resource in evolutionary and comparative genomics studies, embrace the complexity of the system, and thoughtfully consider the frameworks proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Maggs
- Richard Gilder Graduate School at The American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY, 10024, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center at the University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences at the University of Sydney, Heydon-Laurence Building A08, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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2
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Wang YT, Chen YF, Zhang JJ, Zhang Q, Zhao XY, Zhou RY, Chen H, Wang DH. Comparative Analysis of the Ultrastructure, Bubble Pores, and Composition of Eggshells of Dwarf Layer-White and Guinea Fowl. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1496. [PMID: 38791712 PMCID: PMC11117361 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The decrease in eggshell quality seriously affects production efficiency. Guinea fowl (GF) eggs possess strong eggshells because of their unique crystal structure, and few systematic studies have compared laying hen and GF eggs. Sixty eggs were collected from both 40-week-old Dwarf Layer-White (DWL-White) laying hens and GF, and the eggshell quality, ultrastructure, bubble pores, and composition were measured. The results showed that the DWL-White eggs had a higher egg weight and a lower eggshell strength, strength per unit weight, thickness, and ratio than the GF eggs (p < 0.01). There were differences in the mammillary layer thickness ratio, the effective layer thickness ratio, the quantity of bubble pores (QBPs), the ratio of the sum of the area of bubble pores to the area of the eggshell in each image (ARBE), and the average area of bubble pores (AABPs) between the DWL-White and GF eggs (p < 0.01). The composition analysis demonstrated that there were differences in the organic matter, inorganic matter, calcium, and phosphorus between the DWL-White and GF eggs (p < 0.01). There were positive associations between the mammillary knob number in the image and the QBPs and ARBE and a negative correlation with the AABPs in the DWL-White eggs (p < 0.01). This study observed distinctions that offer new insights into enhancing eggshell quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (Y.-T.W.); (Y.-F.C.); (J.-J.Z.); (R.-Y.Z.); (H.C.)
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (Y.-T.W.); (Y.-F.C.); (J.-J.Z.); (R.-Y.Z.); (H.C.)
| | - Jun-Jie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (Y.-T.W.); (Y.-F.C.); (J.-J.Z.); (R.-Y.Z.); (H.C.)
| | - Quan Zhang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhao
- Baoding Xingrui Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Development Co., Ltd., Baoding 072500, China;
| | - Rong-Yan Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (Y.-T.W.); (Y.-F.C.); (J.-J.Z.); (R.-Y.Z.); (H.C.)
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (Y.-T.W.); (Y.-F.C.); (J.-J.Z.); (R.-Y.Z.); (H.C.)
| | - De-He Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (Y.-T.W.); (Y.-F.C.); (J.-J.Z.); (R.-Y.Z.); (H.C.)
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Schultzhaus J, Hervey J, Fears K, Spillmann C. Proteomic comparison of the organic matrices from parietal and base plates of the acorn barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite. Open Biol 2024; 14:230246. [PMID: 38806147 PMCID: PMC11293433 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Acorn barnacles are efficient colonizers on a wide variety of marine surfaces. As they proliferate on critical infrastructure, their settlement and growth have deleterious effects on performance. To address acorn barnacle biofouling, research has focused on the settlement and adhesion processes with the goal of informing the development of novel coatings. This effort has resulted in the discovery and characterization of several proteins found at the adhesive substrate interface, i.e. cement proteins, and a deepened understanding of the function and composition of the biomaterials within this region. While the adhesive properties at the interface are affected by the interaction between the proteins, substrate and mechanics of the calcified base plate, little attention has been given to the interaction between the proteins and the cuticular material present at the substrate interface. Here, the proteome of the organic matrix isolated from the base plate of the acorn barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite is compared with the chitinous and proteinaceous matrix embedded within A. amphitrite parietal plates. The objective was to gain an understanding of how the basal organic matrix may be specialized for adhesion via an in-depth comparative proteome analysis. In general, the majority of proteins identified in the parietal matrix were also found in the basal organic matrix, including nearly all those grouped in classes of cement proteins, enzymes and pheromones. However, the parietal organic matrix was enriched with cuticle-associated proteins, of which ca 30% of those identified were unique to the parietal region. In contrast, ca 30-40% of the protease inhibitors, enzymes and pheromones identified in the basal organic matrix were unique to this region. Not unexpectedly, nearly 50% of the cement proteins identified in the basal region were significantly distinct from those found in the parietal region. The wider variety of identified proteins in the basal organic matrix indicates a greater diversity of biological function in the vicinity of the substrate interface where several processes related to adhesion, cuticle formation and expansion of the base synchronize to play a key role in organism survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Schultzhaus
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Judson Hervey
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kenan Fears
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christopher Spillmann
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
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Knight BM, Edgar KJ, De Yoreo JJ, Dove PM. Chitosan as a Canvas for Studies of Macromolecular Controls on CaCO 3 Biological Crystallization. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1078-1102. [PMID: 36853173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of how macromolecules, typically as an organic matrix, nucleate and grow crystals to produce functional biomineral structures remains elusive. Advances in structural biology indicate that polysaccharides (e.g., chitin) and negatively charged proteoglycans (due to carboxyl, sulfate, and phosphate groups) are ubiquitous in biocrystallization settings and play greater roles than currently recognized. This review highlights studies of CaCO3 crystallization onto chitinous materials and demonstrates that a broader understanding of macromolecular controls on mineralization has not emerged. With recent advances in biopolymer chemistry, it is now possible to prepare chitosan-based hydrogels with tailored functional group compositions. By deploying these characterized compounds in hypothesis-based studies of nucleation rate, quantitative relationships between energy barrier to crystallization, macromolecule composition, and solvent structuring can be determined. This foundational knowledge will help researchers understand composition-structure-function controls on mineralization in living systems and tune the designs of new materials for advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna M Knight
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Patricia M Dove
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Torres-Mansilla A, Hincke M, Voltes A, López-Ruiz E, Baldión PA, Marchal JA, Álvarez-Lloret P, Gómez-Morales J. Eggshell Membrane as a Biomaterial for Bone Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061342. [PMID: 36987123 PMCID: PMC10057008 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The physicochemical features of the avian eggshell membrane play an essential role in the process of calcium carbonate deposition during shell mineralization, giving rise to a porous mineralized tissue with remarkable mechanical properties and biological functions. The membrane could be useful by itself or as a bi-dimensional scaffold to build future bone-regenerative materials. This review focuses on the biological, physical, and mechanical properties of the eggshell membrane that could be useful for that purpose. Due to its low cost and wide availability as a waste byproduct of the egg processing industry, repurposing the eggshell membrane for bone bio-material manufacturing fulfills the principles of a circular economy. In addition, eggshell membrane particles have has the potential to be used as bio-ink for 3D printing of tailored implantable scaffolds. Herein, a literature review was conducted to ascertain the degree to which the properties of the eggshell membrane satisfy the requirements for the development of bone scaffolds. In principle, it is biocompatible and non-cytotoxic, and induces proliferation and differentiation of different cell types. Moreover, when implanted in animal models, it elicits a mild inflammatory response and displays characteristics of stability and biodegradability. Furthermore, the eggshell membrane possesses a mechanical viscoelastic behavior comparable to other collagen-based systems. Overall, the biological, physical, and mechanical features of the eggshell membrane, which can be further tuned and improved, make this natural polymer suitable as a basic component for developing new bone graft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxwell Hincke
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8M5, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Ana Voltes
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 180171 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. Granada, University Hospitals of Granada–University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- BioFab i3D Lab–Biofabrication and 3D (bio)Printing Singular Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 180171 Granada, Spain
| | - Elena López-Ruiz
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 180171 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. Granada, University Hospitals of Granada–University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- BioFab i3D Lab–Biofabrication and 3D (bio)Printing Singular Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 180171 Granada, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, Campus de las Lagunillas S/N, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Paula Alejandra Baldión
- Departamento de Salud Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 180171 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. Granada, University Hospitals of Granada–University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- BioFab i3D Lab–Biofabrication and 3D (bio)Printing Singular Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 180171 Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Álvarez-Lloret
- Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33005 Asturias, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.Á.-L.); (J.G.-M.)
| | - Jaime Gómez-Morales
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos IACT–CSIC–UGR, Avda. Las Palmeras, No. 4, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.Á.-L.); (J.G.-M.)
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Kulshreshtha G, D’Alba L, Dunn IC, Rehault-Godbert S, Rodriguez-Navarro AB, Hincke MT. Properties, Genetics and Innate Immune Function of the Cuticle in Egg-Laying Species. Front Immunol 2022; 13:838525. [PMID: 35281050 PMCID: PMC8914949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.838525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleidoic eggs possess very efficient and orchestrated systems to protect the embryo from external microbes until hatch. The cuticle is a proteinaceous layer on the shell surface in many bird and some reptile species. An intact cuticle forms a pore plug to occlude respiratory pores and is an effective physical and chemical barrier against microbial penetration. The interior of the egg is assumed to be normally sterile, while the outer eggshell cuticle hosts microbes. The diversity of the eggshell microbiome is derived from both maternal microbiota and those of the nesting environment. The surface characteristics of the egg, outer moisture layer and the presence of antimicrobial molecules composing the cuticle dictate constituents of the microbial communities on the eggshell surface. The avian cuticle affects eggshell wettability, water vapor conductance and regulates ultraviolet reflectance in various ground-nesting species; moreover, its composition, thickness and degree of coverage are dependent on species, hen age, and physiological stressors. Studies in domestic avian species have demonstrated that changes in the cuticle affect the food safety of eggs with respect to the risk of contamination by bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli. Moreover, preventing contamination of internal egg components is crucial to optimize hatching success in bird species. In chickens there is moderate heritability (38%) of cuticle deposition with a potential for genetic improvement. However, much less is known about other bird or reptile cuticles. This review synthesizes current knowledge of eggshell cuticle and provides insight into its evolution in the clade reptilia. The origin, composition and regulation of the eggshell microbiome and the potential function of the cuticle as the first barrier of egg defense are discussed in detail. We evaluate how changes in the cuticle affect the food safety of table eggs and vertical transmission of pathogens in the production chain with respect to the risk of contamination. Thus, this review provides insight into the physiological and microbiological characteristics of eggshell cuticle in relation to its protective function (innate immunity) in egg-laying birds and reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Kulshreshtha
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Liliana D’Alba
- Evolutionary Ecology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ian C. Dunn
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Maxwell T. Hincke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Zhang Y, Deng Y, Jin Y, Zhuang Z, Huang X, Li K, Wang S, Xia W, Ruan D, Wang S, Zheng C, Chen W. Dietary zinc supplementation affects eggshell quality and ultrastructure in commercial laying ducks by influencing calcium metabolism. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101539. [PMID: 34823167 PMCID: PMC8628011 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated dietary Zn supplementation on productive performance, eggshell quality and ultrastructure, and calcium metabolism during eggshell formation in laying ducks. A total of 360 Longyan laying ducks (45-wk) were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups with 6 replicates of 12 birds each and fed for 20 wk. The 6 treatments fed the basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 20, 40, 80, or 160 mg Zn/kg (ZnSO4·H2O). Dietary supplemental level at 80 mg/kg increased egg production (4.3%) and mass (5.7%), and decreased FCR (2.9%) compared to the basal diet, and these indices increased quadratically with increasing Zn supplemental levels (P < 0.05). The shell breaking strength (15.8%) and fracture toughness (10.6%) were higher with the supplementation of Zn at 80 mg/kg than the basal diet, and increased quadratically with Zn supplementation (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of Zn at 80 mg/kg improved shell ultrastructure by increasing total (9.0%) and effective thickness (14.2%) and decreasing mammillary thickness (12.0%), and their responses were quadratic with increasing Zn levels (P < 0.05). The supplementation of Zn affected the calcium contents in plasma, tibias and ulna, ulna phosphorus content, and linear and quadratic effects were observed, and higher values were observed with 160 mg/kg Zn supplementation than control (P < 0.05). The supplemental Zn level at 80 mg/kg increased shell effective thickness in growth stage (P < 0.05), and shell calcium and phosphorus content in initial and growth stages (P < 0.05). Dietary Zn supplementation did not affect the gene expression of Ca2+ transporters in the eggshell gland, but affected the expression of HCO3- exchanger in initial and growth stage (P < 0.05). Overall, dietary Zn supplementation could improve productive performance and shell quality in laying ducks at late phase of production, and calcium metabolism and deposition were modulated by Zn influencing HCO3- secretion and thus affecting shell ultrastructure and quality. A supplemental level of 80 mg/kg Zn in the diet with a basal content of 34.0 mg/kg was optimal, and higher level (160 mg/kg) decreased shell calcium deposition by depressing its metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuanzhong Deng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yongyan Jin
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhuang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xuebing Huang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kaichao Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Weiguang Xia
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dong Ruan
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shenglin Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chuntian Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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8
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Zhang Y, Deng Y, Jin Y, Wang S, Huang X, Li K, Xia W, Ruan D, Wang S, Chen W, Zheng C. Age-related changes in eggshell physical properties, ultrastructure, calcium metabolism-related serum indices, and gene expression in eggshell gland during eggshell formation in commercial laying ducks. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101573. [PMID: 34847529 PMCID: PMC8637142 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the changes in eggshell mechanical properties, ultrastructure, calcium metabolism-related serum indices, and gene expression in eggshell gland during eggshell formation between laying ducks in the peak (young duck) and late phase (aged duck) of production. A total of 84 healthy young (31 wk of age) and 84 healthy aged (65 wk of age) Longyan laying ducks were each divided into 6 replicates of 14 birds, and caged individually. All the ducks were fed in one house with the same corn-soybean meal-based diet for 5 wk. The eggshell mechanical properties (shell proportion, thickness, breaking strength, and fracture toughness) and chemical components (matrix proteins, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium) decreased in aged laying ducks (P < 0.05). Shell structural indices: total thickness, effective thickness and its proportion decreased, whereas mammillary knob width and its proportion increased (P < 0.05). The regulation values of early fusion, cuffing, caps, and total score of mammillary knobs were higher in aged laying ducks relative to the young ducks (P < 0.05). During the initial, growth and terminal stages of eggshell formation, shell thickness and breaking strength (terminal), shell weight, and its proportion (terminal) decreased in aged laying ducks (P < 0.05). Ultrastructural changes during shell formation indicated that the mammillary-knob density and effective thickness decreased (P < 0.05). Decreases occurred in serum content of phosphorus (growth), and estradiol and calcium contents (terminal) (P < 0.05). Relative expression of Ca2+ transporter and HCO3− exchanger, and matrix proteins genes decreased in aged laying ducks (P < 0.05) at all stages of eggshell formation. Collectively, the decreased incidence of early fusion and caps, increased thickness and width of mammillary knobs, and decreased effective thickness are the crucial differences leading to the compromised mechanical properties of eggshell in the late laying period. A disturbed regulation of calcium metabolism and uterine expression of ion transporters, especially for HCO3− exchange of aged laying ducks likely contribute to age-induced ultrastructural deterioration of the eggshell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuanzhong Deng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yongyan Jin
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xuebing Huang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kaichao Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Weiguang Xia
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dong Ruan
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shenglin Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chuntian Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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9
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Lv H, Tang Y, Zhang H, Li S, Fan Z. Astragalus polysaccharide supplementation improves production performance, egg quality, serum biochemical index and gut microbiota in Chongren hens. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13550. [PMID: 33899985 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to determine whether the astragalus polysaccharide (AP) can improve the production performance and gut microbiota in Chongren hens.120 Chongren hens (240-d old) were randomly allocated into 4 treatments with 30 hens and fed with a control basal diet (CON) or CON supplemented with the different levels of AP (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) for 56 d. The egg production and feed conversion ratio were decreased (p < .05) with the levels of AP. The yolk weight, yolk color, eggshell thickness, eggshell redness index and egg shell yellowness were increased (p < .05). AP supplementation increased CAT and T-AOC and SOD, and decreased MDA (p < .05). Supplementation of AP decreased IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α levels (p < .05), but increased the IL-4 level in the liver (p < .05). The villus heights of duodenum, jejunum ileum, the crypt depth and V/C in the jejunum were increased (p < .05). Dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg AP increased (P relative abundances of Firmicutes and Lactobacteriaceae in the cecum of Chongren hens. In conclusion, addition of AP improved the production performance, egg quality, antioxidant function, and intestinal morphology in hens, which might be associated with the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Lv
- Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Nanchang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Research Center for Poultry Safety Production Engineering, Changsha, China
| | - Yanqiang Tang
- Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Research Center for Poultry Safety Production Engineering, Changsha, China
| | - Siming Li
- Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Research Center for Poultry Safety Production Engineering, Changsha, China
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10
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Gautron J, Stapane L, Le Roy N, Nys Y, Rodriguez-Navarro AB, Hincke MT. Avian eggshell biomineralization: an update on its structure, mineralogy and protein tool kit. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:11. [PMID: 33579194 PMCID: PMC7881572 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The avian eggshell is a natural protective envelope that relies on the phenomenon of biomineralization for its formation. The shell is made of calcium carbonate in the form of calcite, which contains hundreds of proteins that interact with the mineral phase controlling its formation and structural organization, and thus determine the mechanical properties of the mature biomaterial. We describe its mineralogy, structure and the regulatory interactions that integrate the mineral and organic constituents during eggshell biomineralization. Main Body. We underline recent evidence for vesicular transfer of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), as a new pathway to ensure the active and continuous supply of the ions necessary for shell mineralization. Currently more than 900 proteins and thousands of upregulated transcripts have been identified during chicken eggshell formation. Bioinformatic predictions address their functionality during the biomineralization process. In addition, we describe matrix protein quantification to understand their role during the key spatially- and temporally- regulated events of shell mineralization. Finally, we propose an updated scheme with a global scenario encompassing the mechanisms of avian eggshell mineralization. CONCLUSION With this large dataset at hand, it should now be possible to determine specific motifs, domains or proteins and peptide sequences that perform a critical function during avian eggshell biomineralization. The integration of this insight with genomic data (non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms) and precise phenotyping (shell biomechanical parameters) on pure selected lines will lead to consistently better-quality eggshell characteristics for improved food safety. This information will also address the question of how the evolutionary-optimized chicken eggshell matrix proteins affect and regulate calcium carbonate mineralization as a good example of biomimetic and bio-inspired material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gautron
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
| | - L Stapane
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - N Le Roy
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Y Nys
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - A B Rodriguez-Navarro
- Departmento de Mineralogia y Petrologia, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - M T Hincke
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education, and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H8M5, Canada
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11
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Fu Y, Zhang HJ, Wu SG, Zhou JM, Qi GH, Wang J. Dietary supplementation with sodium bicarbonate or sodium sulfate affects eggshell quality by altering ultrastructure and components in laying hens. Animal 2021; 15:100163. [PMID: 33485831 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary sodium (Na) levels were related to the content of the eggshell matrix. We therefore speculated that dietary Na supplementation as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) may improve eggshell quality. Additionally, dietary NaHCO3 or Na2SO4 supplementation may further affect eggshell quality in different ways due to differences in anions. This study investigated and compared the effects of dietary Na supplementation in either NaHCO3 or Na2SO4 form on laying performance, eggshell quality, ultrastructure and components in laying hens. A total of 576 29-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly allocated to 8 dietary treatments that were fed a Na-deficient basal diet (0.07% Na, 0.15% Cl) supplemented with Na2SO4 or NaHCO3 at 0.08, 0.18, 0.23 or 0.33% Na for 12 weeks. No differences were observed in laying production performance with dietary Na supplementation. Dietary Na supplementation resulted in quadratic increases of eggshell breaking strength in both Na2SO4 and NaHCO3 added groups (P < 0.05), and Na2SO4-fed groups had a quadratic increase in the eggshell ratio at week 12 (P < 0.05). Compared with supplementing 0.08% Na, dietary supplementation of 0.23% Na increased the effective thickness (P < 0.05) in both Na2SO4 and NaHCO3 added groups, but decreased the thickness and knob width of the mammillary layer (P < 0.05). A linear increase on the calcium content of the shell was only observed with Na supplementation from NaHCO3 (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in Na contents of the shell with dietary Na supplemented by both sources. Dietary Na addition had a quadratic increase on uronic acid contents of shell membrane in NaHCO3-fed groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents of shell membranes increased linearly with dietary Na supplementation (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of 0.23% Na from Na2SO4 increased the sulfated GAG contents of calcified eggshell (P < 0.05). Additionally, compared with NaHCO3-fed groups, Na2SO4-fed groups had higher eggshell breaking strength, thickness, eggshell weight ratio, effective thickness and the sulfated GAG contents of calcified eggshell at week 12. Overall, dietary supplementation of NaHCO3 or Na2SO4 could increase eggshell breaking strength, which may be related to increased sulfated GAG contents in eggshell membranes and improved ultrastructure. Higher eggshell breaking strength, thickness and eggshell ratio could be obtained when the diet was supplemented with 0.23% Na from Na2SO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - H J Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - S G Wu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - J M Zhou
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - G H Qi
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - J Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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12
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Feng J, Zhang HJ, Wu SG, Qi GH, Wang J. Uterine transcriptome analysis reveals mRNA expression changes associated with the ultrastructure differences of eggshell in young and aged laying hens. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:770. [PMID: 33167850 PMCID: PMC7654033 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lower eggshell quality in the late laying period leads to economic loss. It is a major threat to the quality and safety of egg products. Age-related variations in ultrastructure were thought to induce this deterioration. Eggshell formation is a highly complex process under precise regulation of genes and biological pathways in uterus of laying hens. Herein, we evaluated the physical, mechanical and ultrastructure properties of eggshell and conducted RNA sequencing to learn the transcriptomic differences in uterus between laying hens in the peak (young hens) and late phase (aged hens) of production. Results The declined breaking strength and fracture toughness of eggshell were observed in aged hen group compared to those in young hen group, accompanied with ultrastructure variations including the increased thickness of mammillary layer and the decreased incidence of early fusion. During the initial stage of eggshell formation, a total of 183 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 125 upregulated and 58 downregulated) were identified in uterus of laying hens in the late phase in relative to those at peak production. The DEGs annotated to Gene Ontology terms related to antigen processing and presentation were downregulated in aged hens compared to young hens. The contents of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in uterus were higher in aged hens relative to those in young hens. Besides, the genes of some matrix proteins potentially involved in eggshell mineralization, such as ovalbumin, versican and glypican 3, were also differentially expressed between two groups. Conclusions Altered gene expression of matrix proteins along with the compromised immune function in uterus of laying hens in the late phase of production may conduce to age-related impairments of eggshell ultrastructure and mechanical properties. The current study enhances our understanding of the age-related deteriorations in eggshell ultrastructure and provides potential targets for improvement of eggshell quality in the late laying period. Supplementary Information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12864-020-07177-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Feng
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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13
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Polycarboxylated Eggshell Membrane Scaffold as Template for Calcium Carbonate Mineralization. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10090797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization is a process in which specialized cells secrete and deliver inorganic ions into confined spaces limited by organic matrices or scaffolds. Chicken eggshell is the fastest biomineralization system on earth, and therefore, it is a good experimental model for the study of biomineralization. Eggshell mineralization starts on specialized dispersed sites of the soft fibrillar eggshell membranes referred to as negatively charged keratan sulfate mammillae. However, the rest of the fibrillar eggshell membranes never mineralizes, although 21% of their amino acids are acidic. We hypothesized that, relative to the mammillae, the negatively charged amino acids of the fibrillar eggshell membranes are not competitive enough to promote calcite nucleation and growth. To test this hypothesis, we experimentally increased the number of negatively charged carboxylate groups on the eggshell membrane fibers and compared it with in vitro calcite deposition of isolated intact eggshell membranes. We conclude that the addition of poly-carboxylated groups onto eggshell membranes increases the number of surface nucleation sites but not the crystal size.
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14
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Nys Y, Gautron J, McKee MD, Garcia-Ruiz JM, Hincke MT. Biochemical and functional characterisation of eggshell matrix proteins in hens. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps20010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Nys
- Station de Recherches Avicoles, INRA, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - J. Gautron
- Station de Recherches Avicoles, INRA, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - M. D. McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 2B2, Canada
| | | | - M. T. Hincke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
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15
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Arias JL, Fernandez MS. Role of extracellular matrix molecules in shell formation and structure. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps20010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Arias
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research in Materials (CIMAT), Santiago, Chile
| | - M. S. Fernandez
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research in Materials (CIMAT), Santiago, Chile
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16
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17
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Gautron J, Guyot N, Brionne A, Réhault-Godbert S. Bioactive Minor Egg Components. EGGS AS FUNCTIONAL FOODS AND NUTRACEUTICALS FOR HUMAN HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788013833-00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the last 15 years, the development of functional genomics has increased the number of egg proteins identified from 50 to about 1300. These proteins are initially present in eggs to support a harmonious embryonic development. Consequently, this closed embryonic chamber contains molecules exhibiting diverse functions, including defense, nutrition and many predicted biological activities, which have been investigated using both bioinformatics and experimental investigations. In this chapter, we focus on some very interesting activities of high potential reported for minor egg proteins (excluding ovalbumin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme). The shell matrix proteins are involved in the calcification process to define and control the final texture of the shell and thereby its mechanical properties. Antimicrobial proteins are part of innate immunity and are mainly present in the white and vitelline membranes. They encompass several protein families, including protease inhibitors, vitamin-binding proteins, defensins, LBP-PLUNC family proteins and heparin-binding proteins. The egg also possesses additional bioactive proteins with direct anti-cancerous and antioxidant activities or whose biochemical properties are currently used to develop diagnostic tools and strategies for targeted therapy. Finally, this chapter also reports some emerging functions in tissue remodeling/wound healing and proposes some relevant bioactive candidates and research fields that would be interesting to investigate further.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Gautron
- INRA, BOA, Université de Tours 37380 Nouzilly France
| | - N. Guyot
- INRA, BOA, Université de Tours 37380 Nouzilly France
| | - A. Brionne
- INRA, BOA, Université de Tours 37380 Nouzilly France
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18
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Using Natural Waste Material as a Matrix for the Immobilization of Enzymes: Chicken Eggshell Membrane Powder for β-Galactosidase Immobilization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:101-115. [PMID: 29948996 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Avian eggshell membranes are good candidates as a matrix for immobilization procedures. Chicken eggshell, a waste material available from the poultry industry as a byproduct, is a very safe and cheap raw material. While pieces of eggshell membrane, or even particles from whole eggshell, have been previously used for these purposes, we report here the use of eggshell membrane powder for E. coli β-galactosidase immobilization with glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. A kinetic characterization is provided for eggshell membrane powder-bound enzyme compared to free enzyme. Results show a remarkable similarity between bound and free enzyme and also that the immobilized enzyme is stable and can be reused several times. Moreover, bound enzyme is able to produce glucose from skim milk serum.
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19
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Wu S, Wang J, Qi G. Dietary manganese supplementation affects mammillary knobs of eggshell ultrastructure in laying hens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1253-1262. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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20
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Kiprono SJ, Ullah MW, Yang G. Encapsulation of E. coli in biomimetic and Fe 3O 4-doped hydrogel: structural and viability analyses. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:933-944. [PMID: 29170808 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8625-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The current study reports the modification of prokaryotic microorganism through a single-layer technique by using different polyanions/cations and doping with magnetic (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. Briefly, individual Escherichia coli cells were encapsulated through deposition of 1% sodium alginate as first layer followed by depositing precipitate layers of calcium chloride, disodium hydrogen phosphate, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Surface and cross sectional analysis of modified E. coli cells by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) confirmed the synthesis of varying sizes of artificial shells around the microbial cells while the deposition of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed the deposition of 58 wt% of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on E. coli cell surface. Chemical structure analysis by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of characteristic functional groups of deposited reagents in the hydrogel capsule. Zeta potential analysis of hydrogel capsule showed moderate stability with a surface charge of - 21 mV. Growth and viability analysis by Alamar Blue assay indicated marked increase in the reduction of resazurin blue (> 100%) by the modified E. coli indicating their viability. The movement and control of magnetized E. coli cells were manipulated using external permanent magnetic field as observed with optical microscope images. The surface-modified cells can find potential applications in bioremediation, biodegradation, and catalysis and can be used as biosorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabella Jelimo Kiprono
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Centre for Nano-Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, 190-50100, Kenya
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Centre for Nano-Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China. .,National Engineering Research Centre for Nano-Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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21
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Eggshell matrix proteins OC-116, OC-17 and OCX36 in hen's sperm storage tubules. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 185:28-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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22
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Wu S, Wang J, Qi G. Dietary manganese supplementation modulated mechanical and ultrastructural changes during eggshell formation in laying hens. Poult Sci 2017; 96:2699-2707. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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23
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Downregulation of ALAS1 by nicarbazin treatment underlies the reduced synthesis of protoporphyrin IX in shell gland of laying hens. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6253. [PMID: 28740143 PMCID: PMC5524794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Shell colour is an important trait for eggs and an understanding of pigment deposition will assist potential management of egg shell colour loss. We demonstrated that nicarbazin feeding down-regulated ALAS1 and reduced protoporphyrin IX (PP IX) in both shell gland and eggshell, indicating the role of nicarbazin in inhibiting the synthesis of PP IX. Additionally, the expression levels of the genes did not show sequential upregulation in the same order of diurnal time-points (TP) during egg formation. The gene SLC25A38, responsible for transporting glycine from cytoplasm to mitochondria, and the gene ALAS1, encoding rate-limiting enzyme (delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase 1), had higher expression at 15 hr, as compared with 2, 5 and 23.5 hrs postoviposition. Interestingly, ABCB6, a gene encoding an enzyme responsible for transporting coproporphyrinogen III, showed higher expression level at 2 and 5 hrs. However, the expression of CPOX that converts coproporphyrinogen III to protoporphyrinogen III, and ABCG2 that transports PP IX out from mitochondria did not alter. Nevertheless, mitochondrial count per cell did not show consistent change in response to time-points postoviposition and nicarbazin feeding. The information obtained in the study sheds light on how nicarbazin disrupts the synthesis of PP IX.
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24
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Wilson PW, Suther CS, Bain MM, Icken W, Jones A, Quinlan-Pluck F, Olori V, Gautron J, Dunn IC. Understanding avian egg cuticle formation in the oviduct: a study of its origin and deposition. Biol Reprod 2017; 97:39-49. [PMID: 28859284 PMCID: PMC5803769 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cuticle is a unique invisible oviduct secretion that protects avian eggs from bacterial penetration through gas exchange pores. Despite its importance, experimental evidence is lacking for where, when, and what is responsible for its deposition. By using knowledge about the ovulatory cycle and oviposition, we have manipulated cuticle deposition to obtain evidence on these key points. Cuticle deposition was measured using staining and spectrophotometry. Experimental evidence supports the location of cuticle deposition to be the shell gland pouch (uterus), not the vagina, and the time of deposition to be within the final hour before oviposition. Oviposition induced by arginine vasotocin or prostaglandin, the penultimate and ultimate factors for the induction of oviposition, produces an egg with no cuticle; therefore, these factors are not responsible for cuticle secretion. Conversely, oviposition induced by GNRH, which mimics the normal events of ovulation and oviposition, results in a normal cuticle. There is no evidence that cuticle deposition differs at the end of a clutch and, therefore, there is no evidence that the ovulatory surge of progesterone affects cuticle deposition. Overall, the results demonstrate that the cuticle is a specific secretion and is not merely an extension of the organic matrix of the shell. Cuticle deposition was found to be reduced by an environmental stressor, and there is no codependence of the deposition of pigment and cuticle. Defining the basic facts surrounding cuticle deposition will help reduce contamination of hen's eggs and increase understanding of the strategies birds use to protect their eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W. Wilson
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
| | - Ceara S. Suther
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Maureen M. Bain
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Anita Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Fiona Quinlan-Pluck
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Joël Gautron
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, Nouzilly, France
| | - Ian C. Dunn
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhang H, Wu S, Qi G. Effect of dietary supplementation of organic or inorganic manganese on eggshell quality, ultrastructure, and components in laying hens. Poult Sci 2017; 96:2184-2193. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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27
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Rao A, Cölfen H. On the biophysical regulation of mineral growth: Standing out from the crowd. J Struct Biol 2016; 196:232-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Soluble eggshell membrane: A natural protein to improve the properties of biomaterials used for tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 67:807-821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yang P, Zhu X, Wang L, Ahmed N, Huang Y, Chen H, Zhang Q, Ullah S, Liu T, Guo D, Brohi SA, Chen Q. Cellular Evidence of Telocytes as Novel Interstitial Cells Within the Magnum of Chicken Oviduct. Cell Transplant 2016; 26:135-143. [PMID: 27590447 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x692942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes are a novel type of interstitial cell that has been identified in many organs of mammals, but there is little information available on these cells in avian species. This study shows the latest findings associated with telocytes in the muscular layer and lamina propria of the magnum of chicken oviduct analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Telocytes are characterized by telopodes, which are thin and long prolongations, and a small amount of cytoplasm rich with mitochondria. Spindle- or triangular-shaped telocytes were detected at various locations in the magnum. In the muscular layer, telocytes have direct connection with smooth muscle cells. The cell body of telocytes along with their long telopodes mainly exists in the interstitial space between the smooth muscle bundles, whereas large numbers of short telopodes are scattered in between the smooth muscle cells. In the lamina propria, extremely long telopodes are twisting around each other and are usually collagen embedded. Both in the lamina propria and muscular layer, telocytes have a close relationship with other cell types, such as immune cells and blood vessels. Telopodes appear with dichotomous branching alternating between the podom and podomer, forming a 3D network structure with complex homo- and heterocellular junctions. In addition, a distinctive size of the vesicles is visible around the telopodes and may be released from telopodes because of the close relation between the vesicle and telopode. All characteristics of telocytes in the magnum indicate that telocytes may play a potential, but important, role in the pathogenesis of oviduct diseases.
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Liu Z, Sun X, Cai C, He W, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Characteristics of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggshells and the influence of disaccharide composition on eggshell properties. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2879-2888. [PMID: 27287383 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are linear, highly negatively charged polysaccharides that may perform an important role in biomineralization. GAG were isolated from chicken eggshell membranes and calcified shells. Disaccharide compositional analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. HA was the most plentiful GAG in shell membranes, and CS was the most abundant in calcified shells. The CS present, in both membranes and calcified shells, consisted primarily of 6SCS-C, 4SCS-A, and 0SCS-0 disaccharides. Neither 4S6SCS-E nor 2SCS was detectable in shell components. Small amounts of 2S4SCS-B were detected in membranes and TriSCS, and 2S4SCS-B and 2S6SCS-D were detected in calcified shells. HS in calcified shells contained all disaccharides except for 2S6S. In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. The disaccharide composition of membrane CS, as well as membrane and calcified shell HS, were very similar in all eggshells. In contrast, the composition of calcified shell CS disaccharides was highly variable. In membranes, both HA and KS content showed a correlation with egg shape index. The 4SCS-A content correlated with eggshell strength, and 0SCS-0 correlated with eggshell strength and calcified shell thickness. HS content and its disaccharide composition showed no apparent correlation to properties of calcified shells. In calcified shells, only HS 6S correlated with egg shape index. This study suggests that GAG content and disaccharide composition of shell membranes might impact the quality of chicken eggshells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - X Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - C Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - W He
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - F Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - R J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180 .,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180.,Department of Biology, Biomedical Engineering Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
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Du J, Hincke MT, Rose-Martel M, Hennequet-Antier C, Brionne A, Cogburn LA, Nys Y, Gautron J. Identifying specific proteins involved in eggshell membrane formation using gene expression analysis and bioinformatics. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:792. [PMID: 26470705 PMCID: PMC4608100 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The avian eggshell membranes surround the egg white and provide a structural foundation for calcification of the eggshell which is essential for avian reproduction; moreover, it is also a natural biomaterial with many potential industrial and biomedical applications. Due to the insoluble and stable nature of the eggshell membrane fibres, their formation and protein constituents remain poorly characterized. The purpose of this study was to identify genes encoding eggshell membrane proteins, particularly those responsible for its structural features, by analyzing the transcriptome of the white isthmus segment of the oviduct, which is the specialized region responsible for the fabrication of the membrane fibres. Results The Del-Mar 14 K chicken microarray was used to investigate up-regulated expression of transcripts in the white isthmus (WI) compared with the adjacent magnum (Ma) and uterine (Ut) segments of the hen oviduct. Analysis revealed 135 clones hybridizing to over-expressed transcripts (WI/Ma + WI/Ut), and corresponding to 107 NCBI annotated non-redundant Gallus gallus gene IDs. This combined analysis revealed that the structural proteins highly over-expressed in the white isthmus include collagen X (COL10A1), fibrillin-1 (FBN1) and cysteine rich eggshell membrane protein (CREMP). These results validate previous proteomics studies which have identified collagen X (α-1) and CREMP in soluble eggshell extracts. Genes encoding collagen-processing enzymes such as lysyl oxidase homologs 1, 2 and 3 (LOXL1, LOXL2 and LOXL3), prolyl 4 hydroxylase subunit α-2 and beta polypeptide (P4HA2 and P4HB) as well as peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase C (PPIC) were also over-expressed. Additionally, genes encoding proteins known to regulate disulfide cross-linking, including sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX1) and thioredoxin (TXN), were identified which suggests that coordinated up-regulation of genes in the white isthmus is associated with eggshell membrane fibre formation. Conclusions The present study has identified genes associated with the processing of collagen, other structural proteins, and disulfide-mediated cross-linking during eggshell membrane formation in the white isthmus. Identification of these genes will provide new insight into eggshell membrane structure and mechanisms of formation that will assist in the development of selection strategies to improve eggshell quality and food safety of the table egg. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2013-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Du
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, K1H 8 M5, Canada.
| | - Maxwell T Hincke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, K1H 8 M5, Canada.
| | - Megan Rose-Martel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, K1H 8 M5, Canada.
| | | | | | - Larry A Cogburn
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19717, USA.
| | - Yves Nys
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.
| | - Joel Gautron
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.
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Fernández MS, Arias JI, Neira-Carrillo A, Arias JL. Austromegabalanus psittacus barnacle shell structure and proteoglycan localization and functionality. J Struct Biol 2015; 191:263-71. [PMID: 26276577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Comparative analyzes of biomineralization models have being crucial for the understanding of the functional properties of biominerals and the elucidation of the processes through which biomacromolecules control the synthesis and structural organization of inorganic mineral-based biomaterials. Among calcium carbonate-containing bioceramics, egg, mollusk and echinoderm shells, and crustacean carapaces, have being fairly well characterized. However, Thoraceca barnacles, although being crustacea, showing molting cycle, build a quite stable and heavily mineralized shell that completely surround the animal, which is for life firmly cemented to the substratum. This makes barnacles an interesting model for studying processes of biomineralization. Here we studied the main microstructural and ultrastructural features of Austromegabalanus psittacus barnacle shell, characterize the occurrence of specific proteoglycans (keratan-, dermatan- and chondroitin-6-sulfate proteoglycans) in different soluble and insoluble organic fractions extracted from the shell, and tested them for their ability to crystallize calcium carbonate in vitro. Our results indicate that, in the barnacle model, proteoglycans are good candidates for the modification of the calcite crystal morphology, although the cooperative effect of some additional proteins in the shell could not be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Fernández
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - J I Arias
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Neira-Carrillo
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J L Arias
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Rodríguez-Navarro AB, Marie P, Nys Y, Hincke MT, Gautron J. Amorphous calcium carbonate controls avian eggshell mineralization: A new paradigm for understanding rapid eggshell calcification. J Struct Biol 2015; 190:291-303. [PMID: 25934395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Avian eggshell mineralization is the fastest biogenic calcification process known in nature. How this is achieved while producing a highly crystalline material composed of large calcite columnar single crystals remains largely unknown. Here we report that eggshell mineral originates from the accumulation of flat disk-shaped amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) particles on specific organic sites on the eggshell membrane, which are rich in proteins and sulfated proteoglycans. These structures known as mammillary cores promote the nucleation and stabilization of a amorphous calcium carbonate with calcitic short range order which predetermine the calcite composition of the mature eggshell. The amorphous nature of the precursor phase was confirmed by the diffuse scattering of X-rays and electrons. The nascent calcitic short-range order of this transient mineral phase was revealed by infrared spectroscopy and HRTEM. The ACC mineral deposited around the mammillary core sites progressively transforms directly into calcite crystals without the occurrence of any intermediate phase. Ionic speciation data suggest that the uterine fluid is equilibrated with amorphous calcium carbonate, throughout the duration of eggshell mineralization process, supporting that this mineral phase is constantly forming at the shell mineralization front. On the other hand, the transient amorphous calcium carbonate mineral deposits, as well as the calcite crystals into which they are converted, form by the ordered aggregation of nanoparticles that support the rapid mineralization of the eggshell. The results of this study alter our current understanding of avian eggshell calcification and provide new insights into the genesis and formation of calcium carbonate biominerals in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pauline Marie
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Yves Nys
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Maxwell T Hincke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Joel Gautron
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
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Kanold JM, Guichard N, Immel F, Plasseraud L, Corneillat M, Alcaraz G, Brümmer F, Marin F. Spine and test skeletal matrices of the Mediterranean sea urchin Arbacia lixula--a comparative characterization of their sugar signature. FEBS J 2015; 282:1891-905. [PMID: 25702947 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Calcified structures of sea urchins are biocomposite materials that comprise a minor fraction of organic macromolecules, such as proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides. These macromolecules are thought to collectively regulate mineral deposition during the process of calcification. When occluded, they modify the properties of the mineral. In the present study, the organic matrices (both soluble and insoluble in acetic acid) of spines and tests from the Mediterranean black sea urchin Arbacia lixula were extracted and characterized, in order to determine whether they exhibit similar biochemical signatures. Bulk characterizations were performed by mono-dimensional SDS/PAGE, FT-IR spectroscopy, and an in vitro crystallization assay. We concentrated our efforts on characterization of the sugar moieties. To this end, we determined the monosaccharide content of the soluble and insoluble organic matrices of A. lixula spines and tests by HPAE-PAD, together with their respective lectin-binding profiles via enzyme-linked lectin assay. Finally, we performed in situ localization of N-acetyl glucosamine-containing saccharides on spines and tests using gold-conjugated wheatgerm agglutinin. Our data show that the test and spine matrices exhibit different biochemical signatures with regard to their saccharidic fraction, suggesting that future studies should analyse the regulation of mineral deposition by the matrix in these two mineralized structures in detail. This study re-emphasizes the importance of non-protein moieties, i.e. sugars, in calcium carbonate systems, and highlights the need to clearly identify their function in the biomineralization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Kanold
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nathalie Guichard
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Bâtiment des Sciences Gabriel, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Françoise Immel
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Bâtiment des Sciences Gabriel, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Plasseraud
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6302, Faculté des Sciences Mirande, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Marion Corneillat
- Unité Propre Soutien de Programme PROXISS, Département Agronomie Environnement AgroSupDijon, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Gérard Alcaraz
- Unité Propre Soutien de Programme PROXISS, Département Agronomie Environnement AgroSupDijon, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Franz Brümmer
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frédéric Marin
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Bâtiment des Sciences Gabriel, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Marie P, Labas V, Brionne A, Harichaux G, Hennequet-Antier C, Nys Y, Gautron J. Quantitative proteomics and bioinformatic analysis provide new insight into protein function during avian eggshell biomineralization. J Proteomics 2014; 113:178-93. [PMID: 25284052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Gallus gallus eggshell is a bioceramic composed of 95% calcium carbonate in calcitic form and 3.5% extracellular organic matrix. The calcification process occurs in the uterine fluid where biomineralization follows a temporal sequence corresponding to the initiation, growth and termination stages of crystal growth. Eggshell texture and its ultrastructure are regulated by organic matrix proteins, which control mineralization process and influence the eggshell biomechanical properties. We performed proteomic qualitative analyses and identified 308 uterine fluid proteins. Quantitative analysis showed differential abundances at the three stages of shell biomineralization for 64 of them. Cluster analysis revealed a first group of proteins related to mineralization and mainly present at the onset of calcification including OVOT, OVAL, OC-17, and two novel calcium binding proteins (EDIL3, MFGE8). A second group of proteins mainly present at the initiation and termination of shell formation was potentially involved in the regulation of the activity of the uterine fluid proteins (e.g. molecular chaperones, folding proteins, proteases and protease inhibitors). OCX21, a protein highly concentrated in the fluid and the shell, belongs to this group. A third group equally represented at all stages of shell mineralization corresponded to antibacterial proteins that could protect the forming egg against microbial invasion. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The calcitic avian eggshell protects the developing embryo and, moreover, ensures that the nutritious table egg remains free of pathogens. The eggshell is formed by nucleation upon a fibrous scaffold (the eggshell membranes) followed by an interaction between the growing mineral crystals and the shell organic matrix. This interaction leads to a highly ordered shell microstructure and texture which contribute to its exceptional mechanical properties. Shell mineralization occurs in three distinct phases of calcification (initiation, growth and termination), which are associated with distinct populations of matrix proteins that are secreted into the acellular uterine fluid as modulators of the process. The recent development of high-throughput methods has led to the identification of many proteins in the shell, but little is known concerning their role in shell formation. In order to determine precisely the importance of particular proteins relative to eggshell mineralization, this project used qualitative and quantitative proteomics of the uterine fluid constituents, coupled with bioinformatic analysis, to predict the functional role of proteins secreted at each of the three main stages of shell calcification. Besides its relevance to food production and to hen reproduction, eggshell calcification is furthermore a relevant model for studying calcium carbonate biomineralization on a two-dimensional membrane support. Better understanding of this process will provide insight into the fabrication of ceramics at ambient pressure and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Marie
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, Fonction et Régulation des Protéines de l'œuf, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Valérie Labas
- INRA, UMR INRA85, UMR CNRS 7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Plate-forme d'Analyse Intégrative des Biomolécules, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Aurélien Brionne
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, Fonction et Régulation des Protéines de l'œuf, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Grégoire Harichaux
- INRA, UMR INRA85, UMR CNRS 7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Plate-forme d'Analyse Intégrative des Biomolécules, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Yves Nys
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, Fonction et Régulation des Protéines de l'œuf, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joël Gautron
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, Fonction et Régulation des Protéines de l'œuf, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
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Guru PS, Dash S. Sorption on eggshell waste--a review on ultrastructure, biomineralization and other applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 209:49-67. [PMID: 24456801 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The structure, adsorption behavior and applications of eggshell waste materials have been reviewed. The ultrastructure of eggshell particles has been discussed to understand the pore structure as well as the surface geometry of the materials leading to its multifarious applicability. Besides, the ultrastructure studies give full information regarding the chemical constituents of egghell particles as well as eggshell membranes. The process of biomineralization in living organisms, their consequent effect of controlling the formation of inorganic-organic composites propelling their application in biomimetic designing of advanced composites with optimized novel properties leading to advances in materials design have been discussed. Utilization of eggshell waste materials for the removal of organic dyes and heavy inorganic ions has been reviewed with suitable models for understanding their adsorption quality and capacity. The applications of these materials in various fields of research have been extensively discussed.
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Gole VC, Roberts JR, Sexton M, May D, Kiermeier A, Chousalkar KK. Effect of egg washing and correlation between cuticle and egg penetration by various Salmonella strains. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 182-183:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Brionne A, Nys Y, Hennequet-Antier C, Gautron J. Hen uterine gene expression profiling during eggshell formation reveals putative proteins involved in the supply of minerals or in the shell mineralization process. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:220. [PMID: 24649854 PMCID: PMC3999959 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chicken eggshell is a natural mechanical barrier to protect egg components from physical damage and microbial penetration. Its integrity and strength is critical for the development of the embryo or to ensure for consumers a table egg free of pathogens. This study compared global gene expression in laying hen uterus in the presence or absence of shell calcification in order to characterize gene products involved in the supply of minerals and / or the shell biomineralization process. RESULTS Microarrays were used to identify a repertoire of 302 over-expressed genes during shell calcification. GO terms enrichment was performed to provide a global interpretation of the functions of the over-expressed genes, and revealed that the most over-represented proteins are related to reproductive functions. Our analysis identified 16 gene products encoding proteins involved in mineral supply, and allowed updating of the general model describing uterine ion transporters during eggshell calcification. A list of 57 proteins potentially secreted into the uterine fluid to be active in the mineralization process was also established. They were classified according to their potential functions (biomineralization, proteoglycans, molecular chaperone, antimicrobials and proteases/antiproteases). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides detailed descriptions of genes and corresponding proteins over-expressed when the shell is mineralizing. Some of these proteins involved in the supply of minerals and influencing the shell fabric to protect the egg contents are potentially useful biological markers for the genetic improvement of eggshell quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joël Gautron
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
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Zhang G, Li C, Zhang X, Guo X, Liu Y, He W, Liu J, Wang H, Gao Y. Biogenic synthesis of photocatalytically active ZnS/ESM composites. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00021h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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40
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Kaur R, Rathgeber BM, Thompson KL, Macisaac J. Uterine fluid proteins and egg quality characteristics for 2 commercial and 2 heritage laying hen lines in response to manipulation of dietary calcium and vitamin D3. Poult Sci 2013; 92:2419-32. [PMID: 23960126 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of eggs from 2 selected commercial strains of laying hens and 2 unselected lines of chickens fed diets with different combinations of Ca and vitamin D and relate it to the profile of uterine proteins and ultrastructure of the shell. A group of 4 chickens was housed in each of 24 cages. The group consisted of one representative from each of the following breeds: Lohmann LSL- Lite, Lohmann Classic-Brown, Fayoumi, and Light Sussex. Six dietary combinations of Ca and vitamin D(3) (3.35%, 2,500 IU; 4.10%, 2,500 IU (control); 4.85%, 2,500 IU; 3.35%, 200 IU; 4.10%, 200 IU; and 4.85%, 200 IU) were randomly assigned to 4 replicate cages for 2 treatment periods (26-29 and 56-59 wk of age). Data were analyzed as a split-plot design with cage as the main plot and hen as the subplot. Egg quality traits were different (P < 0.0001) between commercial and heritage breeds. Lohmann Brown had stronger shells with higher specific gravity compared with other breeds. Both commercial and heritage birds responded to a drop in vitamin D3 level by marked reduction in shell thickness. The SDS-PAGE profiles of uterine fluid samples revealed a decrease (P < 0.05) in 200-, 150-, 116-, and ≤6.5-kDa proteins, whereas proteins with molecular weight (MW) of 80, 55, 52, 45, 42, and 28 kDa increased with bird age. A 36- and 52-kDa protein band was most intense for Fayoumi compared with other breeds. Ultrastructural characteristics showed flattened and deeply etched mammillary caps for Lohmann Brown and the presence of type A and type B bodies between mammillary cones in eggshells from Fayoumi and Lohmann Lite. The negative correlation between ultrastructural characteristics, which decrease with bird age, and the 116-kDa uterine protein band could provide insight into reduced eggshell quality as hens age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kaur
- Department of Plant and Animal Science, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3 Canada
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Chen ML, Gu CB, Yang T, Sun Y, Wang JH. A green sorbent of esterified egg-shell membrane for highly selective uptake of arsenate and speciation of inorganic arsenic. Talanta 2013; 116:688-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wang B, Liu P, Liu Z, Pan H, Xu X, Tang R. Biomimetic construction of cellular shell by adjusting the interfacial energy. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 111:386-95. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
- Institute for Translational Medicine and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Peng Liu
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Haihua Pan
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Xurong Xu
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
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Chang MT, Cheng YS, Huang MC. A novel non-synonymous SNP of the COLX gene and its association with duck reproductive traits. Mol Cell Probes 2012; 26:204-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Heredia A, Lozano L, Martinez-Matias C, Peña-Rico M, Rodriguez-Hernández A, Villarreal E, Martínez A, García-Garduño M, Basiuk V, Bucio L, Orozco E. Microstructure and Thermal Expansion Properties of Ostrich Eggshell. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-724-n7.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTextures of calcite crystals from ostrich (Struthio camelus) eggshells were examined with X ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM, SEM), and the thermal stability by thermal expansion analysis (TEA). Results showed that textures vary through the thickness of the eggshell and that expansion properties and thermal behaviour are unusual. Crystals from ostrich eggshell are arranged in two main configurations or layers; the outer layer with the c-axis of crystals oriented perpendicular to the eggshell surface and the inner layer with the c-axes of the crystals arranged almost parallel to eggshell surface; thermal expansion analysis show high stability through a wide range of temperatures until a steep growth near 450-460°C. These results show that the manipulation of crystal texture and properties is under biological control and a better understanding of this biological phenomenon will provide more and better data for improving new synthetic composite materials.
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Fernández MS, Vergara I, Oyarzún A, Arias JI, Rodríguez R, Wiff JP, Fuenzalida VM, Arias JL. Extracellular Matrix Molecules Involved in Barnacle Shell Mineralization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-724-n1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAustromegabalanus psittacusis a large (normally up to 30 cm high) sessile balanomorph barnacle from the coast of Chile and South Peru. Its hard shell is composed of twelve calcareous side plates, six parietes and six radii, joined in the form of a truncated cone opened at the top. Plates rest on a basal disk firmly cemented to the substratum. Although the crystalline microstructure of barnacle's shell has been studied to some extent, its organic composition and the mechanisms governing the biomineralization of such highly ordered nanocomposite have remained obscure. By using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrometry, SEM and TEM electron microscopy, histochemistry, immuno-histochemistry and -ultrastructure, biochemistry and a crystallization assay, we have studied the cell-shell interactions, the crystalline microstructure of the inorganic moiety and the localization of particular macromolecules, and tested their influence on crystallization.The mineral of the plates and basal disk was calcite showing a (104) preferential orientation. Plates were not solid but porous. While parietes have longitudinal canals (from the base to the apex), radii have transversal canals arranged parallel to the base. These canals are not in the center of the plates but displaced to the outside of the shell delimiting a thinner solid outer lamina and a thicker inner one. The inner lamina consisted of parallel calcified layers separated by organic sheets. These sheets showed autofluorescence and consisted of chitin surrounded by proteoglycans and other minor proteins, which seems to be responsible for the fluorescent behaviour. These organic sheets were also organized as several concentric rings around the canals. The shell matrix obtained after decalcification, which surrounded the crystals, also contained a loose net of such proteoglycans. Mantle epithelial cells covered the entire surface of the inner side of the inner lamina and extend to the plate canals. While isolated chitin did not promote or alter calcite crystallization, the proteoglycan-rich fraction dramatically modified crystal morphology and size. As we have demonstrated in another model of biomineralization, such as the eggshell, hereby we suggest that these structured polyanionic proteoglycan moieties could also be part of the regulatory mechanisms of the barnacle shell mineralization.
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Wellman-Labadie O, Lemaire S, Mann K, Picman J, Hincke MT. Antimicrobial activity of lipophilic avian eggshell surface extracts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:10156-10161. [PMID: 20804124 DOI: 10.1021/jf101954g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The avian eggshell cuticle is the waxy outermost layer of the mineralized eggshell in direct contact with the environment. In this study, lipophilic eggshell surface extracts from three domestic species were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Chicken and goose extracts demonstrated potent bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while activity could not be detected for duck eggshell surface extracts. Using the chicken as a model species, evaluation of albumen, fecal material, and uropygial gland extracts eliminated these as a potential source of the observed activity. Results suggest that lipophilic components are incorporated into the egg during its formation and play a role in antimicrobial defense. This study represents the first successful extraction and evaluation of lipophilic antimicrobial components from the avian egg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Wellman-Labadie
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 835 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4E8.
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Jonchère V, Réhault-Godbert S, Hennequet-Antier C, Cabau C, Sibut V, Cogburn LA, Nys Y, Gautron J. Gene expression profiling to identify eggshell proteins involved in physical defense of the chicken egg. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:57. [PMID: 20092629 PMCID: PMC2827412 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As uricoletic animals, chickens produce cleidoic eggs, which are self-contained bacteria-resistant biological packages for extra-uterine development of the chick embryo. The eggshell constitutes a natural physical barrier against bacterial penetration if it forms correctly and remains intact. The eggshell's remarkable mechanical properties are due to interactions among mineral components and the organic matrix proteins. The purpose of our study was to identify novel eggshell proteins by examining the transcriptome of the uterus during calcification of the eggshell. An extensive bioinformatic analysis on genes over-expressed in the uterus allowed us to identify novel eggshell proteins that contribute to the egg's natural defenses. RESULTS Our 14 K Del-Mar Chicken Integrated Systems microarray was used for transcriptional profiling in the hen's uterus during eggshell deposition. A total of 605 transcripts were over-expressed in the uterus compared with the magnum or white isthmus across a wide range of abundance (1.1- to 79.4-fold difference). The 605 highly-expressed uterine transcripts correspond to 469 unique genes, which encode 437 different proteins. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was used for interpretation of protein function. The most over-represented GO terms are related to genes encoding ion transport proteins, which provide eggshell mineral precursors. Signal peptide sequence was found for 54 putative proteins secreted by the uterus during eggshell formation. Many functional proteins are involved in calcium binding or biomineralization--prerequisites for interacting with the mineral phase during eggshell fabrication. While another large group of proteins could be involved in proper folding of the eggshell matrix. Many secreted uterine proteins possess antibacterial properties, which would protect the egg against microbial invasion. A final group includes proteases and protease inhibitors that regulate protein activity in the acellular uterine fluid where eggshell formation takes place. CONCLUSIONS Our original study provides the first detailed description of the chicken uterus transcriptome during formation of the eggshell. We have discovered a cache of about 600 functional genes and identified a large number of encoded proteins secreted into uterine fluid for fabrication of the eggshell and chemical protection of the egg. Some of these uterine genes could prove useful as biological markers for genetic improvement of phenotypic traits (i.e., egg and eggshell quality).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cédric Cabau
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Vonick Sibut
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Institut Technique Avicole, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Larry A Cogburn
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717 USA
| | - Yves Nys
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joel Gautron
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
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Determination of insoluble avian eggshell matrix proteins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 397:205-214. [PMID: 19998026 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The organic components of bones and other mineralized tissues have a high impact on the organization and deposition of calcium, and consequently influence the mechanical properties of those tissues. The extractable proteins of avian eggshells have been studied extensively and many of them have been identified; insoluble (non-extractable) proteins have been sparsely studied, however. In the work discussed in this paper we studied EDTA-insoluble proteins by gradual decalcification of eggshell with EDTA. The insoluble proteinaceous films were chemically treated with cyanogen bromide and the mixtures of large fragments obtained were gradually precipitated with salt. The separated fractions were digested with trypsin and analyzed by HPLC-MS-MS (ion trap mass spectrometer). Analysis of the entire eggshell matrix (without precipitation steps) only enabled 6 proteins to be determined (ovocalyxins 32 and 36, ovocleidin 17 and 116, clusterin, and ovalbumin). Pretreatment of the individual eggshell layers and gradual precipitation with salt markedly increased the number of proteins identified - 28 proteins were determined. We identified for the first time collagens I (two chains) and III in the eggshell matrix, and Kunitz-like protease inhibitor as a major shell matrix protein. Besides the above mentioned proteins we can also mention EDIL3, fibronectin, sulfhydryl oxidase, tubulin alpha 1, lysozyme, Dickkopf-related protein 3, keratins, and ovotransferrin. The relative abundances of proteins in all eggshell layers were determined using the exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI). In the cuticle layer seven proteins were identified, whereas 16 proteins were described in the palisade layer and 23 in the mammillary layer.
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Zhang Y, Wang W, Li L, Huang Y, Cao J. Eggshell membrane-based solid-phase extraction combined with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry for trace arsenic(V) in environmental water samples. Talanta 2009; 80:1907-12. [PMID: 20152431 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The eggshell membrane (ESM) contains several surface functional groups such as amines, amides and carboxylic groups with potential as SPE adsorbent for the retention of target species of interest. In this paper, the potential use of ESM, a typical biomaterial, as solid-phase extraction (SPE) adsorbent is evaluated for analysis of trace arsenic(V) in environmental water samples in combination with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS). In order to obtain the satisfactory recovery of arsenic(V), various parameters including the desorption and enrichment conditions such as pH, the flow rate and the volume of sample solution, the amount of ESM and the content of sodium chloride were systematically optimized and the effects of co-existed ions were also investigated in detail. Under the optimal conditions, arsenic(V) could be easily extracted by the ESM packed cartridge and the breakthrough adsorption capacity was found to be 3.9 microg g(-1). The favorable limit of detection (LOD) for arsenic(V) was found to be 0.001 microg L(-1) with an enrichment factor of 33.3, and the relative standard deviations (R.S.Ds) was 2.1% for 0.6 microg L(-1) arsenic (n=11). The reproducibility among columns was satisfactory (R.S.D. among columns is less than 5%). The proposed method has been successfully applied to analysis of arsenic(V) in aqueous environmental samples, which suggests the ESM can be an excellent SPE adsorbent for arsenic(V) pretreatment and enrichment from real water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Realtime Analysis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No 2 Road Tiansheng, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
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