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Chen Z, Wholey WY, Hassani Najafabadi A, Moon JJ, Grigorova I, Chackerian B, Cheng W. Self-Antigens Displayed on Liposomal Nanoparticles above a Threshold of Epitope Density Elicit Class-Switched Autoreactive Antibodies Independent of T Cell Help. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 204:335-347. [PMID: 31836655 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epitope density has a profound impact on B cell responses to particulate Ags, the molecular mechanisms of which remain to be explored. To dissect the role of epitope density in this process, we have synthesized a series of liposomal particles, similar to the size of viruses, that display a model self-antigen peptide at defined surface densities. Immunization of C57BL/6J mice using these particles elicited both IgM and class-switched IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG3 autoreactive Abs that depended on the epitope density. In C57BL/6 gene knockout mice lacking either functional TCRs or MHC class II molecules on B cells, the liposomal particles also elicited IgM, IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG3 responses that were comparable in magnitudes to wild-type mice, suggesting that this B cell response was independent of cognate T cell help. Notably, the titer of the IgG in wild-type animals could be increased by more than 200-fold upon replacement of liposomes with bacteriophage Qβ virus-like particles that displayed the same self-antigen peptide at comparable epitope densities. This enhancement was lost almost completely in gene knockout mice lacking either TCRs or MHC class II molecules on B cells. In conclusion, epitope density above a threshold on particulate Ags can serve as a stand-alone signal to trigger secretion of autoreactive and class-switched IgG in vivo in the absence of cognate T cell help or any adjuvants. The extraordinary immunogenicity of Qβ viral-like particles relies, in large part, on their ability to effectively recruit T cell help after B cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Wei-Yun Wholey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Irina Grigorova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Bryce Chackerian
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131; and
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; .,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Implying Analytic Measures for Unravelling Rheumatoid Arthritis Significant Proteins Through Drug–Target Interaction. Interdiscip Sci 2015; 8:122-131. [DOI: 10.1007/s12539-015-0108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Singh S, Vennila JJ, Snijesh VP, George G, Sunny C. Implying analytic measures for unraveling rheumatoid arthritis significant proteins through drug target interaction. Interdiscip Sci 2015. [PMID: 25663118 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-014-0245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic auto-immune and inflammatory disease that mainly alters the synovial joints and ultimately leads to their destruction. The involvement of the immune system and its related cells is a basic trademark of auto-immune associated diseases. The present work focuses on network analysis and its functional characterization to predict novel targets for RA. The interactive model called as Rheumatoid Arthritis Drug-Target-Protein (RA-DTP) is built of 1727 nodes and 7954 edges followed the power law distribution. RADTP comprised of 20 islands, 55 modules and 123 sub modules. Good interactome coverage of target-protein was detected in Island 2 (Q-Score 0.875) which includes 673 molecules with 20 modules and 68 sub modules. The biological landscape of these modules was examined based on the participation molecules in specific cellular localization, molecular function and biological pathway with favourable p value. Functional characterization and pathway analysis through KEGG, Biocarta and Reactome also showed their involvement in relation to the immune system and inflammatory processes and biological processes such as cell signalling and communication, glucosamine metabolic process, Renin Angiotensin system, BCR signals, Galactose metabolism, MAPK signalling, Complement and Coagulation system and NGF signalling pathways. Traffic values and centrality parameters were applied as the selection criteria for identifying potential targets from the important hubs which resulted into FOS, KNG1, PTGDS, HSP90AA1, REN, POMC, FCER1G, IL6, ICAM1, SGK1, NOS3 and PLA2G4A. This approach provides an insight to experimental validation of these associations of potential targets for clinical value to find their effect on animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachidanand Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Karunya University, Coimbatore, India,
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Oh K, Seo MW, Kim IG, Hwang YI, Lee HY, Lee DS. CP-690550 Treatment Ameliorates Established Disease and Provides Long-Term Therapeutic Effects in an SKG Arthritis Model. Immune Netw 2013; 13:257-63. [PMID: 24385944 PMCID: PMC3875784 DOI: 10.4110/in.2013.13.6.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although pathogenesis of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unclear, arthritogenic T cells and downstream signaling mediators have been shown to play critical roles. An increasing numbers of therapeutic options have been added for the effective control of RA. Nevertheless, there is still a category of patients that fails treatment and suffers from progressive disease. The recently developed immunosuppressant CP-690550, a small molecule JAK kinase inhibitor, has been implicated as an important candidate treatment modality for autoimmune arthritis. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of CP-690550 on established arthritis using an SKG arthritis model, a pathophysiologically relevant animal model for human RA. CP-690550 treatment revealed remarkable long-term suppressive effects on SKG arthritis when administered to the well-advanced disease (clinical score 3.5~4.0). The treatment effect lasted at least 3 more weeks after cessation of drug infusion, and suppression of disease was correlated with the reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-17, IFN-γ, and IL-6 and increased level of immunoregulatory IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunhee Oh
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea. ; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea. ; Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Myung Won Seo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea. ; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - In Gyu Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Young-Il Hwang
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Hee-Yoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Dong-Sup Lee
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea. ; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea. ; Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
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Vierboom M, Breedveld E, Kondova I, 't Hart BA. The significance of non-human primates as preclinical models of human arthritic disease. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 3:299-310. [PMID: 23480265 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.3.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The broad immunological gap between inbred SPF-raised strains of mice and rats and the diverse rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient population limits the predictive value of the existing disease models for clinical success of new therapies, in particular for those using highly specific biologicals. OBJECTIVE This review argues that because of their closer immunological and physiological proximity to patients, disease models in non-human primates (NHPs) may bridge this gap and help reduce the failure of many (± 80%) new therapies in clinical trials. In various research areas, NHPs are an accepted intermediate between disease models in rodents and the ultimate introduction for clinical use in patients. However, with the exception of transplantation, this is not the case for immune-mediated inflammatory disorders, such as RA, although useful preclinical models are being developed. METHOD The validity and use of the rhesus monkey model of collagen-induced arthritis as a preclinical RA model is reviewed. The discussion comprises present genetic and immunological aspects, biomarkers, and an overview of published preclinical therapy evaluations. CONCLUSION It is time to consider the use of NHPs with a greater evolutionary proximity to humans as models for preclinical evaluation of new human-specific drugs for arthritic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Vierboom
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Department of Immunobiology, PO Box 3306, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands +31 15 284 2500 ; +31 15 284 2600 ;
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Wang YL, Chou FC, Chen SJ, Lin SH, Chang DM, Sytwu HK. Targeting pre-ligand assembly domain of TNFR1 ameliorates autoimmune diseases – An unrevealed role in downregulation of Th17 cells. J Autoimmun 2011; 37:160-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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de Lima-Salgado TM, Alba-Loureiro TC, do Nascimento CS, Nunes MT, Curi R. Molecular mechanisms by which saturated fatty acids modulate TNF-α expression in mouse macrophage lineage. Cell Biochem Biophys 2011; 59:89-97. [PMID: 20809180 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-010-9117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Many macrophage functions are modulated by fatty acids (FAs), including cytokine release, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). TNF-α is of great interest due to its role in the inflammation process observed in several diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and obesity. However, the mechanisms by which FA effects occur have not been completely elucidated yet. In this study, we used a mouse monocyte lineage (J774 cells) to evaluate the effect of 50 and 100 μM of saturated (palmitic and stearic acids), monounsaturated (oleic acid) and polyunsaturated (linoleic acid) FAs on TNF-α production. Alterations in gene expression, poly(A) tail length and activation of transcription factors were evaluated. Oleic and linoleic acids, usually known as neutral or pro-inflammatory FA, inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α secretion by the cells. Saturated FAs were potent inducers of TNF-α expression and secretion under basal and inflammatory conditions (in the presence of LPS). Although the effect of the saturated FA was similar, the mechanism involved in each case seem to be distinct, as palmitic acid increased EGR-1 and CREB binding activity and stearic acid increased mRNA poly(A) tail. These results may contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which saturated FAs modulate the inflammatory response and may lead to design of associations of dietary and pharmacological strategies to counteract the pathological effects of TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Martins de Lima-Salgado
- Laboratory of Clinical Emergency, Emergency Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Kawaguchi K, Maruyama H, Hasunuma R, Kumazawa Y. Suppression of inflammatory responses after onset of collagen-induced arthritis in mice by oral administration of theCitrusflavanone naringin. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 33:723-9. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.564186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Shenoi S, Wallace CA. Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: an evidence-based review. Paediatr Drugs 2010; 12:367-77. [PMID: 21028916 DOI: 10.2165/11532610-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown origin that is often treated with a variety of disease-modifying agents. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are a group of genetically engineered biologic agents that target the proinflammatory cytokine TNF. This review focuses on the use of TNF inhibitors in JIA. Etanercept was the first TNF inhibitor approved for use in children with moderate to severe polyarticular-course JIA following encouraging results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial in children. Open-label extension studies of the original trial involving 8 years of follow-up demonstrated the long-term safety and efficacy of etanercept in children. Other studies from established registries also corroborate the safety of etanercept in JIA. The second TNF inhibitor to be approved for use in JIA is adalimumab following recent favorable results from another randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter study in polyarticular-course JIA. While infliximab is not approved by the US FDA for use in JIA, it is frequently used in clinical practice for this indication. However, because the chimeric structure of infliximab incorporates murine components, it has the potential for allergic and infusion reactions. Patient responses to individual TNF inhibitors may vary depending on concomitant medications such as methotrexate, and also on the category of JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Shenoi
- University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
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Liu Z, Sokka T, Maas K, Olsen NJ, Aune TM. Prediction of disease severity in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis by gene expression profiling. HUMAN GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS : HGP 2009; 2009. [PMID: 20948566 PMCID: PMC2950309 DOI: 10.4061/2009/484351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to test the ability of peripheral blood gene expression profiles to predict future disease severity in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a group of 17 patients (1 ± 0.2 years disease duration) was evaluated at baseline for gene expression profiles. Disease status was evaluated after a mean of 5 years using an index combining pain, global and recoded MHAQ scores. Unsupervised and supervised algorithms identified "predictor genes" whose combined expression levels correlated with follow-up disease severity scores. Unsupervised clustering algorithms separated patients into two branches. The only significant difference between these two groups was the disease severity score; demographic variables and medication usage were not different. Supervised T-Test analysis identified 19 "predictor genes" of future disease severity. Results were validated in an independent cohort of subjects of established RA with using Support Vector Machines and K-Nearest-Neighbor Classification. Our study demonstrates that peripheral blood gene expression profiles may be a useful tool to predict future disease severity in patients with early and established RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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11
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78495111110.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.10.001" />
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12
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Garside P, Brewer JM. Real-time imaging of the cellular interactions underlying tolerance, priming, and responses to infection. Immunol Rev 2008; 221:130-46. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2008.00587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Tracey D, Klareskog L, Sasso EH, Salfeld JG, Tak PP. Tumor necrosis factor antagonist mechanisms of action: a comprehensive review. Pharmacol Ther 2007; 117:244-79. [PMID: 18155297 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1085] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During the past 30 years, elucidation of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis at the cellular and molecular levels has revealed that these diseases share common mechanisms and are more closely related than was previously recognized. Research on the complex biology of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has uncovered many mechanisms and pathways by which TNF may be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. There are 3 TNF antagonists currently available: adalimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody; etanercept, a soluble receptor construct; and infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody. Two other TNF antagonists, certolizumab and golimumab, are in clinical development. The remarkable efficacy of TNF antagonists in these diseases places TNF in the center of our understanding of the pathogenesis of many immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the biology of TNF and related family members in the context of the potential mechanisms of action of TNF antagonists in a variety of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Possible mechanistic differences between TNF antagonists are addressed with regard to their efficacy and safety profiles.
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Jung YO, Min SY, Cho ML, Park MJ, Jeon JY, Lee JS, Oh HJ, Kang CM, Park HS, Park KS, Cho SG, Park SH, Kim HY. CD8alpha+ dendritic cells enhance the antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell response and accelerate development of collagen-induced arthritis. Immunol Lett 2007; 111:76-83. [PMID: 17610959 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of CD8alpha(+) DCs in the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The immunogenic properties of CD8alpha(+) and CD8alpha(-) DC subsets were investigated by mixed-lymphocyte reaction and cytokine enzyme-linked immunoassay. CII-pulsed CD8alpha(+) DCs or CD8alpha(-) DCs with CD4(+) T cells from CIA mice were adoptively transferred onto the hind footpad of DBA mice. The onset of arthritis and the arthritis index were examined for 14 weeks after adoptive transfer. Expression of MHC-II and CD80 but not CD86 and CD40 was higher in CD8alpha(+) DCs than in CD8alpha(-) DCs from the spleens of CIA mice. Culturing CD8alpha(+) DCs with CD4(+) T cells significantly increased the proliferative response of CD4(+) T cells in the presence of CII. The production of interleukin (IL)-12p70, IL-17, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was slightly increased in CD8alpha(+) DCs than in CD8alpha(-) DCs. DBA/1 mice that were adoptively transferred with CII-pulsed CD8alpha(+) DCs and CD4(+) T cells into the footpads showed accelerated onset of CIA compared to control group. By contrast, CD8alpha(-) DCs showed a partial inhibitory effect on CIA. These findings show that CD8alpha(+) DCs accelerated the onset of CIA when aoptively transferred with CD4(+) T cells and that CD8alpha(+) DCs provoke the development of CIA probably by stimulating the immune responses of CII-reactive CD4(+) T cells and by increasing the production of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ok Jung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kang-Nam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Klareskog L, Padyukov L, Lorentzen J, Alfredsson L. Mechanisms of disease: Genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 2:425-33. [PMID: 16932734 DOI: 10.1038/ncprheum0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Accepted: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex disease in which environmental agents are thought to interact with genetic factors that influence susceptibility. This interaction triggers immunologic events that eventually result in the clinical signs of arthritis. Knowledge of the chain of etiological events that lead to the development of RA is incomplete. In this review, we describe the experimental approaches that are used to address the issue of gene-environment interactions in the etiology of RA, and discuss relevant examples of such interactions. We focus on how smoking, the best-known environmental risk factor for RA, interacts with HLA-DR shared epitope genes, the main genetic risk factors for RA, and result in a high risk of RA in individuals exposed to both of these risk factors. From these and other related findings, we can begin to define the distinct environmental risk factors (such as smoking) that in certain genetic contexts (for example, the presence of HLA-DR shared epitope alleles) can trigger immune reactions (such as autoantibodies to citrullinated peptides) many years before onset of RA, and consider how these immune reactions might contribute to clinical symptoms in a subset of affected patients. Increased knowledge about these and other events involved in the development of RA should enable the design of new tools for suppressing RA pathogenesis before the onset of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Klareskog
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Utku N, Heinemann T, Winter M, Bulwin CG, Schlawinsky M, Fraser P, Nieuwenhuis EES, Volk HD, Blumberg RS. Antibody targeting of TIRC7 results in significant therapeutic effects on collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2006; 144:142-51. [PMID: 16542376 PMCID: PMC1809623 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
TIRC7 is a cell surface molecule which is expressed in T and B lymphocytes and negatively regulates their function. Anti-TIRC7 specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) inhibited T cell memory response to recall antigens. Up-regulation of TIRC7 on lymphocytes from joint tissue of patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and mice with collagen induced arthritis (CIA) suggested TIRC7 as a novel target to promote anti-inflammatory reaction. Anti-TIRC7 mAb administration significantly inhibited the induction and progression of CIA and the anti-collagen IgG1 and IgG2a antibody response. Combination therapy of anti-TIRC7 mAb and soluble TNF-alpha receptor demonstrated an increased inhibitory effect over the single compounds on CIA. The results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of TIRC7 targeting with mAb in diseases associated with exaggerated T and B cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Utku
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-University of Medicine Berlin, Germany.
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Berlo SE, Guichelaar T, Ten Brink CB, van Kooten PJ, Hauet-Broeren F, Ludanyi K, van Eden W, Broeren CP, Glant TT. Increased arthritis susceptibility in cartilage proteoglycan–specific T cell receptor–transgenic mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:2423-33. [PMID: 16869010 DOI: 10.1002/art.22013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To better understand the role of antigen (arthritogenic epitope)-specific T cells in the development of autoimmune arthritis. METHODS A transgenic (Tg) mouse expressing the T cell receptor (TCR) Valpha1.1 and V(beta)4 chains specific for a dominant arthritogenic epitope (designated 5/4E8) of human cartilage proteoglycan (HuPG) aggrecan was generated. This TCR-Tg mouse strain was backcrossed into the PG-induced arthritis (PGIA)-susceptible BALB/c strain and tested for arthritis incidence and severity. RESULTS CD4+ TCR-Tg T cells carried functionally active TCR specific for a dominant arthritogenic epitope of HuPG (5/4E8). T cells of naive TCR-Tg mice were in an activated stage, since the in vitro response to HuPG or to peptide stimulation induced interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 production. TCR-Tg mice uniformly, without exception, developed severe and progressive polyarthritis, even without adjuvant. Inflamed joints showed extensive cartilage degradation and bone erosions, similar to that seen in the arthritic joints of wild-type BALB/c mice with PGIA. Spleen cells from both naive and HuPG-immunized arthritic TCR-Tg mice could adoptively transfer arthritis when injected into syngeneic BALB/c.SCID recipient mice. CONCLUSION TCR-Tg BALB/c mice display increased arthritis susceptibility and develop aggravated disease upon in vivo antigen stimulation. This model using TCR-Tg mice is a novel and valuable research tool for studying mechanisms of antigen (arthritogenic epitope)-driven regulation of arthritis and understanding how T cells recognize autoantigen in the joints. This type of mouse could also be used to develop new immunomodulatory strategies in T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Aggrecans
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/genetics
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Cartilage/immunology
- Cartilage/pathology
- Cell Transplantation
- Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/genetics
- Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/immunology
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Inbreeding
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Sukal SA, Nadiminti L, Granstein RD. Etanercept and demyelinating disease in a patient with psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 54:160-4. [PMID: 16384777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2005] [Revised: 05/19/2005] [Accepted: 05/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonist (TNF-alpha) etanercept has been approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriasis. Earlier reports on the use of etanercept or infliximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis suggested an increased risk of demyelinating disease. It is imperative that dermatologists have a keen awareness of this possible adverse event given the increased use of this class of drugs. We report a case of demyelinating disease occurring in a patient treated for psoriasis. The relation of TNF-alpha antagonist therapy to demyelinating disease/multiple sclerosis is explored. It is recommended that patients be diligently screened before starting TNF-alpha antagonist therapy and that vigilance for symptoms of demyelinating disease/multiple sclerosis be included in follow-up examinations during treatment with these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Sukal
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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Padyukov L, Silva C, Stolt P, Alfredsson L, Klareskog L. A gene-environment interaction between smoking and shared epitope genes in HLA-DR provides a high risk of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:3085-92. [PMID: 15476204 DOI: 10.1002/art.20553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main genetic risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the shared epitope (SE) of HLA-DR, while smoking is an important environmental risk factor. We studied a potential gene-environment interaction between SE genes and smoking in the etiology of the 2 major subgroups of RA: rheumatoid factor (RF)-seropositive and RF-seronegative disease. METHODS A population-based case-control study involving incident cases of RF-seropositive and RF-seronegative RA (858 cases and 1,048 controls) was performed in Sweden. Cases and controls were classified according to their cigarette smoking status and HLA-DRB1 genotypes. The relative risk of developing RA was calculated for different gene/smoking combinations and was compared with the relative risk in never smokers without SE genes. RESULTS The relative risk of RF-seropositive RA was 2.8 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.6-4.8) in never smokers with SE genes, 2.4 (95% CI 1.3-4.6) in current smokers without SE genes, and 7.5 (95% CI 4.2-13.1) in current smokers with SE genes. Smokers carrying double SE genes displayed a relative risk of RF-seropositive RA of 15.7 (95% CI 7.2-34.2). The interaction between smoking and SE genes was significant, as measured by the attributable proportion due to interaction, which was 0.4 (95% CI 0.2-0.7) for smoking and any SE, and 0.6 (95% CI 0.4-0.9) for smoking and a double SE. Neither smoking nor SE genes nor the combination of these factors increased the risk of developing RF-seronegative RA. CONCLUSION The disease risk of RF-seropositive RA associated with one of the classic genetic risk factors for immune-mediated diseases (the SE of HLA-DR) is strongly influenced by the presence of an environmental factor (smoking) in the population at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Padyukov
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and Mechnikov Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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20
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Tu-Rapp H, Hammermüller A, Mix E, Kreutzer HJ, Goerlich R, Köhler H, Nizze H, Thiesen HJ, Ibrahim SM. A proinflammatory role for Fas in joints of mice with collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2004; 6:R404-14. [PMID: 15380040 PMCID: PMC546278 DOI: 10.1186/ar1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2004] [Revised: 04/30/2004] [Accepted: 06/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is a chronic inflammatory disease bearing all the hallmarks of rheumatoid arthritis, e.g. polyarthritis, synovitis, and subsequent cartilage/bone erosions. One feature of the disease contributing to joint damage is synovial hyperplasia. The factors responsible for the hyperplasia are unknown; however, an imbalance between rates of cell proliferation and cell death (apoptosis) has been suggested. To evaluate the role of a major pathway of cell death – Fas (CD95)/FasL – in the pathogenesis of CIA, DBA/1J mice with a mutation of the Fas gene (lpr) were generated. The susceptibility of the mutant DBA-lpr/lpr mice to arthritis induced by collagen type II was evaluated. Contrary to expectations, the DBA-lpr/lpr mice developed significantly milder disease than the control littermates. The incidence of disease was also significantly lower in the lpr/lpr mice than in the controls (40% versus 81%; P < 0.05). However DBA-lpr/lpr mice mounted a robust immune response to collagen, and the expression of local proinflammatory cytokines such as, e.g., tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-6 were increased at the onset of disease. Since the contribution of synovial fibroblasts to inflammation and joint destruction is crucial, the potential activating effect of Fas on mouse fibroblast cell line NIH3T3 was investigated. On treatment with anti-Fas in vitro, the cell death of NIH3T3 fibroblasts was reduced and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 was increased. These findings suggest that impairment of immune tolerance by increased T-cell reactivity does not lead to enhanced susceptibility to CIA and point to a role of Fas in joint destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Tu-Rapp
- Department of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Eilhard Mix
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Horst Nizze
- Department of Pathology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Saleh M Ibrahim
- Department of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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21
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Westman M, Korotkova M, af Klint E, Stark A, Audoly LP, Klareskog L, Ulfgren AK, Jakobsson PJ. Expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:1774-80. [PMID: 15188353 DOI: 10.1002/art.20286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1) catalyzes the formation of PGE(2) from cyclooxygenase-derived PGH(2). Microsomal PGES-1 is induced by proinflammatory cytokines and is strongly linked to conditions that result in high PGE(2) biosynthesis. PGE(2) contributes to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), acting as a mediator of inflammation and promoting bone destruction. Induction of mPGES-1 in rheumatoid synoviocytes by proinflammatory cytokines has been demonstrated in vitro, indicating an important role in RA pathogenesis. Recent studies using mPGES-1-deficient mice demonstrated the importance of this gene in chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and localization of mPGES-1 in synovial biopsy specimens obtained from patients with RA. METHODS Synovial tissue samples from 24 patients with RA were obtained, and immunohistologic analysis was performed using polyclonal antibodies against mPGES-1. Double immunofluorescence staining was performed with antibodies to CD3, CD19, CD20, CD68, CD163, and prolyl 4-hydroxylase. RESULTS Intracellular mPGES-1 staining was observed in synovial membranes from all of the RA patients studied. Specifically, strong expression of mPGES-1 was detected in synovial lining cells. In sublining mononuclear and fibroblast-like cells, the extent of mPGES-1 staining was less than that in the synovial lining cells. In some patients, positive staining was observed in endothelial cells. With the double immunofluorescence technique, mPGES-1 production was detected in synovial macrophages and fibroblasts, while mPGES-1 expression was not observed in lymphocytes. CONCLUSION The demonstration of mPGES-1 expression in synovial tissues from patients with RA suggests a role for mPGES-1 in the RA disease process. Microsomal PGES-1 might be a potential new target for treatment strategies to control PGE(2) synthesis in patients with RA, without the systemic side effects associated with cyclooxygenase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Westman
- Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Buzás EI, Hanyecz A, Murad Y, Hudecz F, Rajnavölgyi E, Mikecz K, Glant TT. Differential recognition of altered peptide ligands distinguishes two functionally discordant (arthritogenic and nonarthritogenic) autoreactive T cell hybridoma clones. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 171:3025-33. [PMID: 12960328 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.6.3025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous injection of a cartilage proteoglycan (aggrecan)-specific Th1 hybridoma clone 5/4E8 induced joint lesions similar to those seen in either primary or adoptively transferred arthritis in BALB/c mice. A sister clone, TA20, recognizing the same peptide epitope of human aggrecan and using the same Vbeta4 and Valpha1 segments, failed to induce joint inflammation. This study examines the fine epitope specificities of these two clones. Both 5/4E8 and TA20 hybridomas were generated using T cells from the same arthritic animal that has been immunized with human aggrecan, and both clones recognized peptides containing a consensus GRVRVNSAY sequence. However, flanking regions outside this nonapeptide sequence region had differential impact on peptide recognition by the two clones. Similarly, when single amino acid substitutions were introduced to the consensus sequence, significant differences were detected in the epitope recognition patterns of the T cell hybridomas. The 5/4E8 hybridoma showed greater flexibility in recognition, including a higher responsiveness to the corresponding self (mouse) aggrecan peptide, and produced more inflammatory cytokines (IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha), whereas hybridoma TA20 produced IL-5 in response to either human or mouse self peptide stimulation. These results demonstrate that, within the pool of immunodominant (foreign) peptide-activated lymphocytes, marked individual differences of degeneracy exist in T cell recognition, with possible implications to autopathogenic T cell functions.
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MESH Headings
- Aggrecans
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Autoantigens/metabolism
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Clone Cells
- Complementarity Determining Regions/biosynthesis
- Complementarity Determining Regions/metabolism
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/physiology
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins
- Humans
- Hybridomas/immunology
- Hybridomas/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type
- Ligands
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/physiology
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Proteoglycans/immunology
- Proteoglycans/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/physiology
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit I Buzás
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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23
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Stolt P, Bengtsson C, Nordmark B, Lindblad S, Lundberg I, Klareskog L, Alfredsson L. Quantification of the influence of cigarette smoking on rheumatoid arthritis: results from a population based case-control study, using incident cases. Ann Rheum Dis 2003; 62:835-41. [PMID: 12922955 PMCID: PMC1754669 DOI: 10.1136/ard.62.9.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the influence of cigarette smoking on the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS 679 cases and 847 controls included during May 1996-June 2000 in a case-control study, using incident cases, comprising the population aged 18-70 years of a defined area of Sweden, were investigated. A case was defined as a person from the study base who received for the first time a diagnosis of RA using the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria, and controls were randomly selected from the study base. Self reported smoking habits among cases and controls, and rheumatoid factor status among cases were registered. The incidence of RA in current smokers, ex-smokers, and ever-smokers, respectively, was compared with that of never-smokers. RESULTS Current smokers, ex-smokers, and ever-smokers of both sexes had an increased risk for seropositive RA (for ever-smokers the odds ratio was 1.7 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.2 to 2.3) for women, and 1.9 (95% CI 1.0 to 3.5) for men), but not for seronegative RA. The increased risk was only apparent among subjects who had smoked > or =20 years, was evident at an intensity of smoking of 6-9 cigarettes/day, and remained for up to 10-19 years after smoking cessation. The risk increased with increasing cumulative dose of smoking. CONCLUSION Smokers of both sexes have an increased risk of developing seropositive, but not seronegative, RA. The increased risk occurs after a long duration, but merely a moderate intensity, of smoking and may remain for several years after smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stolt
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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24
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Levy E, Delvin E, Peretti N, Bouchard G, Seidman E. Combined effects of EFA deficiency and tumor necrosis factor-alpha on circulating lipoproteins in rats. Lipids 2003; 38:595-602. [PMID: 12934668 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-003-1103-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Both tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and EFA deficiency (EFAD) have been established as causes of marked perturbations in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Excessive levels of circulating TNF-alpha can coexist with EFAD in various clinical disorders such as cystic fibrosis and type I diabetes. The present study therefore aimed to investigate their combined effects on lipid profile and lipoprotein composition by administering TNF-alpha to EFAD rats. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), the rate-limiting enzyme in TG catabolism, was also measured in epididymal adipose tissue. EFAD, after a 4-wk period, induced significant increases in plasma TG (80%, P < 0.001), total cholesterol (TC, 27%, P < 0.025), and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C, 62%). Two hours after the administration of TNF-alpha, a further rise in TG (43%, P < 0.05) was noted in controls, but not EFAD animals. TC and HDL-C were unaffected by TNF-alpha treatment. In addition, TNF-alpha modified lipoprotein-lipid composition. VLDL and HDL2 derived from EFAD rats were depleted in apolipoprotein (apo) E and apo A-II, and enriched in apo A-I 2 h after TNF-alpha administration. Finally, TNF-alpha decreased adipose tissue LPL activity in both control and EFAD animals. The TNF-alpha-induced inhibition was more marked in EFAD rats. The present results demonstrated that TNF-alpha can amplify or antagonize the effects of EFAD on lipid profile, lipoprotein composition, and LPL activity. These data also suggest that the host's nutritional status is a determining factor for the modulating effect of TNF-alpha on lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Levy
- Department of Nutrition, Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1C5.
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25
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Andersson J, Englund P, Sunnemark D, Dahlstedt A, Westerblad H, Nennesmo I, Orn A, Lundberg IE. CBA/J mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi: an experimental model for inflammatory myopathies. Muscle Nerve 2003; 27:442-8. [PMID: 12661045 DOI: 10.1002/mus.10338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are inflammatory disorders of unknown origin, characterized by muscle weakness. The aim of our study was to establish and characterize an animal model for chronic inflammatory myopathy which would permit investigations of the role of T-cells in chronic myositis as well as of the mechanisms for muscle weakness in chronic inflammatory muscle disorders. CBA/J mice were infected with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Immunohistochemistry was used to characterize the distribution and composition of inflammatory infiltrates, and demonstrated a chronic focal inflammation comprised mainly of T-cells and macrophages in infected mice. The inflammatory infiltrates were predominantly found in the endomysium and, to a lesser extent, in perivascular areas. CD8(+) T-cells were found to have invaded nonnecrotic muscle fibers. Degenerating muscle fibers were also found, as well as an increased number of central muscle nuclei. The murine model described in this article may be useful in studying certain aspects of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies such as the role of T-cells in chronic muscle inflammation and chronic myocytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Andersson
- Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Yordanov M, Deleva A, Ivanovska N. Host resistance against Candida alibcans infection in mice with adjuvant induced arthritis. Mycopathologia 2003; 153:77-82. [PMID: 12000129 DOI: 10.1023/a:1014463122641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In mice and humans two distinct CD4+ helper T cells, known as Th1 and Th2 are identified. They are characterized by the different cytokine milleau they induce. The balance between Th1 and Th2 responses is thought to be decisive for the initiation and course of some autoimmune disorders, as well as for the outcome of infectious processes. In the present study the development of Candida alibcans infection in mice with adjuvant-induced arthritis was investigated. An impaired host resistance against C. alibcans in arthritic mice was registered when the inoculation was done during the early and the established phases of arthritis. In contrast, the slight elevation of the number of survivors was detected when the infection was induced at the peak of inflammation. These data correlated with the changes of serum TNF-alpha level and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to C. alibcans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Yordanov
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Sofia, Bulgaria
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27
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Leung BP, Conacher M, Hunter D, McInnes IB, Liew FY, Brewer JM. A novel dendritic cell-induced model of erosive inflammatory arthritis: distinct roles for dendritic cells in T cell activation and induction of local inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:7071-7. [PMID: 12471143 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.12.7071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Transferring collagen-pulsed, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) into congenic DBA/1 recipient mice produced arthritis in joints adjacent to the site of DC transfer and could be inhibited by treatment with TNF antagonists. Disease was Ag specific, as transfer of control, unpulsed DCs, or DCs pulsed with OVA did not produce arthritis. In contrast to other experimental arthritis models, DC-induced arthritis localized to the site of injection and did not spontaneously generalize to uninvolved joints, despite the demonstration of circulating collagen-reactive T cells. Similarly, transfer of T cells primed by collagen/DCs was not sufficient to produce arthritis in recipient mice. In collagen/DC-primed mice however, disease could be induced in uninvolved joints by local administration of noncollagen-pulsed DCs and this could be reduced through TNF inhibition. Similarly, injection of collagen/DC-primed mice with low-dose TNF also resulted in local induction of arthritis, as did administration of TNF to mice receiving T cells from collagen/DC but not OVA/DC-primed mice. Thus, we have demonstrated for the first time that administration of collagen-pulsed mature DCs is sufficient for the induction of arthritis. Furthermore, this disease process is mediated through both adaptive and innate effects of DCs; first, priming of autoreactive T cells and, second, induction of local inflammation via mediators such as TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard P Leung
- Department of Immunology and Bacteriology, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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28
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Haston JL, FitzGerald O, Kane D, Smith KD. Preliminary observations on the influence of rheumatoid alpha-1-acid glycoprotein on collagen fibril formation. Biomed Chromatogr 2002; 16:332-42. [PMID: 12210507 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) isolated from both normal and rheumatoid plasma on type II collagen fibril formation. Rheumatoid samples were obtained over 2 years from two patients with early arthritis. The glycosylation of each sample was analysed to establish any correlation with fibrillogenesis. Rheumatoid AGP displays increased fucosylation compared to normal AGP. In both patients the fucosylation dipped after 1 year, then rose again over year 2. It is proposed that year 1 corresponds to the acute phase of the disease and the onset of chronic inflammation after this time produces a subsequent increase in fucosylation. Rheumatoid AGP influences type II collagen fibrillogenesis. Native fibrils were produced but with differences in the rate and extent of fibrillogenesis depending on AGP concentration and fucosylation. Low concentrations produced a decrease in fibrillogenesis rate and fibril diameter. High concentrations produced fibrils at a rate and diameter dependent on fucosylation. Highly fucosylated AGP produced narrow fibrils slowly, whereas poorly fucosylated AGP produced thicker fibrils more quickly. We propose that differences in glycosylation (especially fucosylation) of AGP are responsible for differences in collagen fibrillogenesis and this phenomenon may contribute to the exacerbation of cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Louise Haston
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NR, UK
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Robinson WH, Genovese MC, Moreland LW. Demyelinating and neurologic events reported in association with tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonism: by what mechanisms could tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists improve rheumatoid arthritis but exacerbate multiple sclerosis? ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2001; 44:1977-83. [PMID: 11592357 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200109)44:9<1977::aid-art345>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W H Robinson
- Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305, USA
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30
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Chackerian B, Lowy DR, Schiller JT. Conjugation of a self-antigen to papillomavirus-like particles allows for efficient induction of protective autoantibodies. J Clin Invest 2001; 108:415-23. [PMID: 11489935 PMCID: PMC209354 DOI: 10.1172/jci11849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High avidity and long-lasting autoantibodies to a self-polypeptide (TNF-alpha) were generated after parenteral vaccination of mice with low doses of virus-like particle-based (VLP-based) vaccines that were constructed by linking mouse TNF-alpha peptides to the surface of papillomavirus VLPs. High-titer autoantibodies were induced with or without coadministration of potent conventional adjuvants, but were enhanced by coadministration of CFA. Compared with immunization with the fusion protein alone, attachment to VLPs increased autoantibody titers 1,000-fold. A comparison of Ab responses against the self (TNF-alpha) and foreign components of the fusion protein showed that VLP conjugation abrogated the ability of the humoral immune system to distinguish between self and foreign. Similar levels of IgM were detected to self and foreign epitopes regardless of the assembly state of the antigen, suggesting that conjugation of self-peptides to VLPs promotes survival or expansion of mature autoreactive B cells. In a mouse model, vaccination with conjugated particles inhibited development of type II collagen-induced arthritis. Together, these results suggest a potentially flexible method to efficiently generate autoantibodies against specific self-proteins that mediate arthritis and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chackerian
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4040, USA
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31
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Luross JA, Williams NA. The genetic and immunopathological processes underlying collagen-induced arthritis. Immunology 2001; 103:407-16. [PMID: 11529930 PMCID: PMC1783255 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2001.01267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have provided substantial insights into basic pathogenic mechanisms of chronic inflammatory arthritis and autoimmune disease in general. Of the variety of models reported, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) has been the most characterized in terms of both its pathogenesis and its underlying immunological basis. Collagen-induced arthritis has also been the model of choice in terms of testing potential new therapeutic agents for the treatment of human RA. Nevertheless, the complex nature of the balance between T-cell cytokines and the chronic inflammatory processes is only recently becoming clear. This review focuses on these developments, highlighting their implications for our understanding of RA and for the use of CIA as a suitable animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Luross
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Mattsson L, Larsson P, Erlandsson-Harris H, Klareskog L, Harris RA. Parasite-mediated down-regulation of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DA rats. Clin Exp Immunol 2000; 122:477-83. [PMID: 11122258 PMCID: PMC1905793 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infection can impact on the course of autoimmune disease, both in disease-inducing and disease-protecting capacities. Here we investigated if infection with Trypanosoma brucei brucei (Tbb), the protozoan causative agent of African Sleeping Sickness, could ameliorate the course of CIA in the Dark Agouti rat, an experimental model which shares many features with human rheumatoid arthritis. Infection of animals with living, but not inoculation with dead Tbb resulted in complete or significant reduction of clinical arthritic symptoms. Infection prior to collagen immunization was more effective than a later treatment, and this effect was related to the level of parasitaemia. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction we detected an increase in interferon-gamma mRNA in the draining lymph nodes of Tbb-treated animals relative to controls at day 28 after disease induction. Transforming growth factor-beta could be detected in the lymph nodes in four out of six animals that had received Tbb. In the joints, immunohistochemistry revealed reduced production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in Tbb-treated animals relative to controls. The most striking difference between Tbb-infected and control groups, as measured by ELISA, was the down-regulation of anti-collagen II IgG antibody responses in parasite-infected animals. We conclude that live parasites can exert an immunomodulatory and protective effect in CIA in which several mechanisms may work in parallel, although the almost complete down-regulation of the anti-collagen antibody response may alone explain the protective effect in CIA. The described model may be useful in further attempts to use the mechanisms involved in parasite immune defence to prevent and treat certain autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mattsson
- Division of Rheumatology and Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre for Molecular Medicine L8:04, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
To try to understand autoimmunity, attention has often fallen on the process of cell death. After all, apoptosis is used during selection of immunocytes, cells in the target organs end up dying and mutations to cell death genes have been found in some autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, some autoimmune-prone mice fail to develop disease when certain cell death genes are deleted, and transgenic mice expressing other cell death genes develop autoimmunity. However, only a tiny proportion of human autoimmune disease is associated with mutations to individual genes and even in these rare cases the genetic background has a major influence on the severity of disease. An understanding of the pathophysiology of common autoimmune diseases will require elucidation of many different systems that interact in complex ways, of which the process of apoptosis is just one.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Vaux
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Post Office, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria 3050, Australia.
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Ferlin W, Glaichenhaus N, Mougneau E. Present difficulties and future promise of MHC multimers in autoimmune exploration. Curr Opin Immunol 2000; 12:670-5. [PMID: 11102771 DOI: 10.1016/s0952-7915(00)00161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Class I tetramers have been used to track cytotoxic T cells during bacterial and viral infections. During the past year, the use of such molecules has revealed important information about the role of CD8(+) T cells in autoimmune diabetes. Furthermore, class II multimers have been produced and successfully used to stain autoreactive CD4(+) T cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis or Borrelia-burgdorferi-induced Lyme arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ferlin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
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van den Berg WB. Anti-cytokine therapy in chronic destructive arthritis. ARTHRITIS RESEARCH 2000; 3:18-26. [PMID: 11178124 PMCID: PMC128880 DOI: 10.1186/ar136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2000] [Accepted: 10/18/2000] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) are considered to be master cytokines in chronic, destructive arthritis. Therapeutic approaches in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have so far focused mainly on TNF, which is a major inflammatory mediator in RA and a potent inducer of IL-1; anti-TNF therapy shows great efficacy in RA patients. However, it is not effective in all patients, nor does it fully control the arthritic process in affected joints of good responders. Directed therapy for IL-1, with IL-1 receptor antagonist, mainly reduces erosions and is marginally anti-inflammatory. It is as yet unclear whether the limited effect is akin to the RA process or linked to suboptimal blocking of IL-1. Analysis of cytokine patterns in early synovial biopsies of RA patients reveals a marked heterogeneity, with variable staining of TNF and IL-1 beta, indicative of TNF-independent IL-1 production in at least some patients. Evidence for this pathway emerged from experimental arthritises in rodents, and is summarized in this review. If elements of the models apply to the arthritic process in RA patients, it is necessary to block IL-1 beta in addition to TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B van den Berg
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
A common feature of autoimmunity is the presence of autoantibodies (AAb). Two types of AAb have been described: the 'pathogenic' AAb, associated with autoimmune diseases (AID), and the so-called 'natural' AAb. The latter are present in all normal individuals and have been postulated to play a major role as a first defensive barrier of the organism. Both the 'pathogenic' and the 'natural' AAb can be detected at higher frequencies among individuals exposed to viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. The malaria associated AAb do not seem to result from a generalised polyclonal B-cell activation (PBA), have specificities that may differ according to the degree of clinical immunity and do not seem to be pathogenic. Malaria may offer a protective effect against AID, by diminishing its severity or by either preventing or retarding its expression. AAb could also participate in the immune protection against malaria, and this could happen in several ways: (i) AAb directed to modified Ag expressed on the red blood cell (RBC) membrane during parasitisation and (ii) AAb reactive with crypto- or neo-Ag revealed on both normal and infected RBC membranes, by destroying infected, and also normal, erythrocytes; (iii) anti-idiotype AAb specific of the binding site of anti-merozoite Ab, which would mimic the parasite ligand for the RBC receptor, by competing with parasites and blocking RBC invasion; (iv) AAb cross-reactive with parasite material - such as nuclear or cytoskeleton Ag - having a direct parasiticide activity; (v) the natural AAb network, through its 'anti-bacterial first defense barrier'; and finally (vi) anti-phospholipid (PL) AAb, by neutralizing the pathogenic properties of parasite-derived PL. Finally, in view of currently available knowledge, it is concluded that, since AAb are not always pathogenic, the price for an 'autoimmunity-mediated' protection in malaria would not necessarily be immunopathology and clinical autoimmunity, and a protective role of AAb could be exerted with no danger to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Daniel-Ribeiro
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, CEP 21.045-900 RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Abstract
Behçet's disease is a systemic inflammatory disorder. The patients have repeated exacerbations and remissions of the symptoms. This disease may produce a wide variety of symptoms. In mild cases, mucocutaneous lesions are only the symptoms during the whole clinical course, whereas ocular lesions, which occur in about 70% of the patients, can cause blindness. Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, CNS and large vessels is less frequent, but sometimes life-threatening. Colchicine, NSAIDs, corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are employed for the treatment of Behçet's disease with therapies tailored to individual patients depending on clinical manifestations. Cyclosporin A is the most effective drug for ocular lesions at the present, but its neurotoxicity, which occurs in 20-30% of patients receiving cyclosporin A, restricts usage of the agent. Many patients are still suffering from a severe form of uveitis and serious neurological symptoms, which are resistant to any conventional therapies. New drugs have been investigated for Behçet's disease. IFN-alpha therapy has shown significant efficacy for common symptoms including ocular lesions without any serious adverse effects. Thalidomide and its analogues also appear to be applicable to this disease. Monoclonal antibody to TNF-alpha is now in clinical trials. These novel therapeutic approaches may provide much needed treatment options for patients with Behçet's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sakane
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan.
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McDevitt H. A new model for rheumatoid arthritis? ARTHRITIS RESEARCH 2000; 2:85-9. [PMID: 11094417 PMCID: PMC129990 DOI: 10.1186/ar72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/1999] [Revised: 01/19/2000] [Accepted: 01/19/1999] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A chance observation has led to the development of a new murine model for inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis is induced, and transferred, by T-cell-dependent antibodies to glucose-6-phosphate isomerase. This enzyme is expressed in all cells, and is detectable in serum. There are several similarities to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the murine disease. This elegant model raises several questions as to how and why a systemic response focuses inflammation so strongly on synovial joints. The model also re-introduces the possibility that antibodies to widely expressed self-proteins may play a role in the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H McDevitt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5124, USA
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