1
|
Miranda RA, de Moura EG, Lisboa PC. Adverse perinatal conditions and the developmental origins of thyroid dysfunction-Lessons from Animal Models. Endocrine 2023; 79:223-234. [PMID: 36036880 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nutritional, hormonal, and environmental status during development can predispose the individual to obesity and endocrine diseases later in life, an association known as metabolic programming. In general, weight loss or gain are seen in thyroid disorders, and thyroid function can be affected by body adiposity. In addition, hyper- and hypothyroidism can be related to metabolic programming. Our aim was to gather evidence that regardless of the type or critical window of metabolic imprinting, offspring exposed to certain adverse perinatal conditions have a higher risk of developing thyroid dysfunction. METHODS We reviewed literature data that relate insults occurring during pregnancy and/or lactation to short- and long-term offspring thyroid dysfunction in animal models. RESULTS Few studies have addressed the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and thyroid dysfunction related to metabolic programming. The literature shows that under- and overnutrition, exposure to endocrine disruptors, early weaning, maternal thyroid disease and maternal high-fat diet can induce alterations in offspring thyroid function in a sex-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Based on the few available data, mainly in rodent models, we can conclude that diet, hormones, and environmental contaminants are related to the developmental origins of later thyroid dysfunction by interrupting the normal maturation of the thyroid gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lisboa PC, Miranda RA, Souza LL, Moura EG. Can breastfeeding affect the rest of our life? Neuropharmacology 2021; 200:108821. [PMID: 34610290 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The breastfeeding period is one of the most important critical windows in our development, since milk, our first food after birth, contains several compounds, such as macronutrients, micronutrients, antibodies, growth factors and hormones that benefit human health. Indeed, nutritional, and environmental alterations during lactation, change the composition of breast milk and induce alterations in the child's development, such as obesity, leading to the metabolic dysfunctions, cardiovascular diseases and neurobehavioral disorders. This review is based on experimental animal models, most of them in rodents, and summarizes the impact of an adequate breast milk supply in view of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) concept, which has been proposed by researchers in the areas of epidemiology and basic science from around the world. Here, experimental advances in understanding the programming during breastfeeding were compiled with the purpose of generating knowledge about the genesis of chronic noncommunicable diseases and to guide the development of public policies to deal with and prevent the problems arising from this phenomenon. This review article is part of the special issue on "Cross talk between periphery and brain".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Rosiane A Miranda
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luana L Souza
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Egberto G Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo J, Teng D, Shi X, Li Y, Ba J, Chen B, Du J, He L, Lai X, Li Y, Chi H, Liao E, Liu C, Liu L, Qin G, Qin Y, Quan H, Shi B, Sun H, Tang X, Tong N, Wang G, Zhang JA, Wang Y, Xue Y, Yan L, Yang J, Yang L, Yao Y, Ye Z, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Zhu J, Zhu M, Shan Z, Teng W. Exposure to the Chinese Great Famine in Early Life and Thyroid Function and Disorders in Adulthood: A Cross-Sectional Study. Thyroid 2021; 31:563-571. [PMID: 33138723 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Malnutrition in early life may permanently change the structure and function of the body, which lead to a number of diseases in adulthood. The effect of famine exposure during the early life on thyroid function and disorders remains unclear. This study investigated the association between exposure to the Great Chinese Famine (1959-1961) in early life and thyroid function and disorders in adulthood. Methods: Nine thousand eight hundred eighty-one subjects with appropriate birth dates derived from the Thyroid disorders, Iodine status, and Diabetes Epidemiological survey were included. Thyroid function and disorders were defined by the test results of blood sample and ultrasonography of all participants. Associations between famine exposure in early life and thyroid function and disorders in adulthood were assessed with binary logistic regression and linear regression. Results: Participants exposed to the Great Chinese Famine during the fetal stage was associated with a higher thyrotropin (TSH) level in adulthood (β = 0.024; p = 0.038), compared with the nonexposed participants. The association was significant among rural participants (β = 0.039; p = 0.02) but not in urban participants (β = 0.005; p = 0.77). Fetal-exposed group did not show a higher risk of thyroid disorders than the age-matched balanced control group, including overt hyperthyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, overt hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis, and thyroid nodules (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Famine exposure during the fetal stage was associated with a higher TSH level in adulthood. The fetal stage could be the critical period for programming the pituitary-thyroid axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Di Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yongze Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Ba
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jianling Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Lanjie He
- Department of Endocrinology, Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Lai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Haiyi Chi
- Department of Endocrinology, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China
| | - Eryuan Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Research center of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Libin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yingfen Qin
- Department of Endocrine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Huibiao Quan
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xulei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Nanwei Tong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Jin-An Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Youmin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Yuanming Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, P.R. China
| | - Yongli Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Almeida Brasiel PG, Schuchter Ferreira M, Vieira AM, Sarto Figueiredo M, Cristina Lisboa P, Gaspar de Moura E, Cesar Ferraz Lopes F, de Aguiar AS, Luquetti Dutra SCP. Maternal soy protein isolate diet during lactation programmes to higher metabolic risk in adult male offspring. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:954-964. [PMID: 32393141 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1754350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Soy consumption and its components, including its protein, are related to the beneficial effects of the lipid profile, decreased insulin resistance and glycaemia. However, the safety of the consumption of products containing phytoestrogens in critical stages of development has been questioned, since they may be associated with endocrine-metabolic dysfunctions in adult life. The purpose is to evaluate the effects of maternal dietary soy protein isolate (SPI) during lactation on the breast milk composition, body composition, lipid and glycaemic profiles, and thyroid hormones of dams and offspring at weaning (21 days) and in adulthood (150 days). Lactating rats were divided into casein control (C) and SPI diet groups. At 150 days, the SPI offspring presented lower body protein mass and total mineral content, higher serum FT4, insulin, TC and TG. Maternal consumption of SPI during lactation programmes the progeny to higher metabolic risk profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maíra Schuchter Ferreira
- Depatment of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Adriana Moura Vieira
- Depatment of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Mariana Sarto Figueiredo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Silva de Aguiar
- Depatment of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vieira AM, de Almeida Brasiel PG, Ferreira MS, Mateus K, Figueiredo MS, Lisboa PC, de Moura EG, do Amaral Corrêa JO, Lopes FCF, da Silva PHF, Sabarense CM, Dutra SCPL, de Aguiar AS. Maternal soybean diet during lactation alters breast milk composition and programs the lipid profile in adult male rat offspring. Endocrine 2018; 60:272-281. [PMID: 29520624 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of maternal dietary soybean during lactation on the milk composition, body composition, lipid profile and glucose homeostasis of dams and offspring at weaning (21 days) and adulthood (150 days). METHODS Lactating rats were divided into: casein control (C): casein diet; soy (S): soybean diet; soy oil control (SOC): casein diet, but with fat content similar to the S group. RESULTS At 21 days, S mothers showed lower estradiol, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides (TG) in serum; and lower TC and TG in milk. The S offspring had lower body weight, body fat mass, TC, LDL, hyperleptinemia and hypertriglyceridemia. At 150 days, S offspring presented higher total mineral content and lower TC (v. SOC) and LDL (v. C and SOC), and hyperinsulinemia with lower glycemia v. SOC group, which had lower insulinemia with higher glycemia, TC and LDL. CONCLUSIONS Maternal intake of soybeans in lactation changes the lipid content of breast milk and programmed offspring for phenotype of the lower metabolic risk, with lower serum TC and LDL, and seems to protect the progeny of alterations in glucose metabolism despite the higher lipid content. The difference in fat content of breast milk and the higher isoflavones content of soy diet are possible imprinting factors that could program the offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Moura Vieira
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kacia Mateus
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Sarto Figueiredo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aline Silva de Aguiar
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
de Albuquerque Maia L, Lisboa PC, de Oliveira E, da Silva Lima N, Lima ICB, Lopes RT, Ruffoni LDG, Nonaka KO, de Moura EG. Bone metabolism in obese rats programmed by early weaning. Metabolism 2014; 63:352-64. [PMID: 24355624 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and osteoporosis seem to have a common pathogenesis, especially because bone and adipose tissue have common origins. Since early weaning (EW) decreases adipogenesis and osteogenesis in neonate, further programming for obesity and hyperleptinemia, we hypothesized that these changes in adipogenesis could affect bone metabolism. MATERIALS/METHODS Lactating rats were separated into 3 groups: control - dams whose pups ate milk throughout lactation; mechanical EW (MEW) - dams were involved with a bandage interrupting suckling in the last 3days of lactation; pharmacological EW (PEW) - dams were bromocriptine-treated (0.5mg/twice a day via intraperitoneal injection) 3days before weaning. The adult offspring was subjected to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bone tissue was also evaluated by computed tomography, microcomputed tomography and biomechanical tests, beyond serum analyses. RESULTS MEW and PEW presented higher total bone mineral density (BMD), total bone mineral content, spine BMD and bone area in postnatal day 150 (PN150). In PN180, both groups also presented increase of these parameters and higher femur BMD and fourth lumbar vertebra (LV4) BMD, femoral head radiodensity and LV4 vertebral body radiodensity, trabecular number, stiffness and break load; lower trabecular separation, maximal deformation and break deformation, and also hyperleptinemia and higher visceral fat mass and 25-hydroxivitamin D, whereas parathyroid hormone was unchanged. Serum C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen was lower for both groups. CONCLUSIONS Since both models program for obesity and increased bone mass, and leptin increases plasma vitamin D levels, probably leptin is the link between obesity and higher bone mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lígia de Albuquerque Maia
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-030, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-030, Brazil
| | - Elaine de Oliveira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-030, Brazil
| | - Natália da Silva Lima
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-030, Brazil
| | - Inaya Correa Barbosa Lima
- Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory, COPPE-PEN, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-972, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
- Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory, COPPE-PEN, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-972, Brazil
| | | | - Keico Okino Nonaka
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-030, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Flaxseed bioactive compounds change milk, hormonal and biochemical parameters of dams and offspring during lactation. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2388-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
8
|
da Silva Faria T, de Bittencourt Brasil F, Sampaio FJB, da Fonte Ramos C. Effects of maternal undernutrition during lactation on estrogen and androgen receptor expressions in rat ovary at puberty. Nutrition 2010; 26:993-9. [PMID: 20097538 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of maternal protein and energy-restricted diets during lactation in folliculogenesis and its relations to androgen and estrogen receptors in the offspring at puberty. METHODS At parturition, dams were randomly assigned to a control (C) group, with free access to a standard laboratory diet containing 23% protein; a protein-energy-restricted (PER) group, with free access to an iso-energy and protein-restricted diet containing 8% protein; and an energy-restricted (ER) group, receiving standard laboratory diet in restricted quantities. After weaning, female pups had free access to standard laboratory diet. RESULTS The number of preantral (C 13.72 ± 2.87, PER 26.36 ± 3.03, ER 26.88 ± 2.31, P < 0.05) and small antral (C 9.32 ± 1.32, PER 17.64 ± 2.33, ER 17.04 ± 2.22, P < 0.05) follicles was significantly increased by maternal malnutrition. The number of primordial follicles (C 10.57 ± 1.61, PER 4.30 ± 0.62, ER 6.28 ± 1.30, P < 0.05), Graafian follicles (C 1.04 ± 0.09, PER 0.52 ± 0.10, ER 0.36 ± 0.11, P < 0.01), and corpus luteum (C 4.84 ± 0.62, PER 2.80 ± 0.50, ER 3.24 ± 0.27, P < 0.05) was significantly reduced. Maternal protein- and energy-restricted diets led to a significant decrease in the androgen (C 9815 ± 1015, PER 6071 ± 838.7, ER 5811 ± 699.3, P < 0.05) and estrogen (C 0.79 ± 0.244, PER 0.12 ± 0.035, ER 0.20 ± 0.036, P < 0.05) α-receptors. In growing follicles, androgen receptor was immuno-expressed in granulosa and theca cells. Estrogen receptor-α was mainly expressed in stroma cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that maternal protein- and energy-restricted diets during lactation can disturb the follicular development of the offspring, probably by reducing the number of androgen and estrogen receptors in the ovary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane da Silva Faria
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
da Silva Faria T, de Bittencourt Brasil F, Sampaio FJB, da Fonte Ramos C. Maternal malnutrition during lactation affects folliculogenesis, gonadotropins, and leptin receptors in adult rats. Nutrition 2009; 26:1000-7. [PMID: 20018485 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to evaluate if maternal malnutrition during lactation could possibly program folliculogenesis, the ovarian expression of gonadotropins, leptin, and their receptors. METHODS At parturition, dams were randomly assigned to a control group (C), with free access to a standard laboratory diet containing 23% protein, and a protein-energy-restricted group (PER), with free access to an iso-energy and protein-restricted diet containing 8% protein. After weaning, all female pups had free access to the standard laboratory diet until 90 d of age when they were euthanized in the diestrum stage. RESULTS Maternal malnutrition caused decreases in the number of primordial (C 6.60 ± 0.24, PER 5.20 ± 0.20, P = 0.01), primary (C 5.80 ± 0.66, PER 4.00 ± 0.31, P = 0.04), and Graafian (C 2.18 ± 0.29, PER 1.08 ± 0.37, P = 0.05) follicle numbers. Maternal malnutrition led to a significant decrease in the aromatase mRNA expression (C 0.536 ± 0.008, PER 0.353 ± 0.041, P = 0.01) follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (C 1.25 ± 0.17, PER 0.75 ± 0.02, P = 0.04), luteinizing hormone receptor (C 0.93 ± 0.09, PER 0.54 ± 0.10, P = 0.03), leptin (C 0.55 ± 0.03, PER 0.42 ± 0.03, P = 0.04), Ob-R (C 1.05 ± 0.12, PER 0.64 ± 0.07, P = 0.03), and Ob-Rb (C 1.34 ± 0.21, PER 0.47 ± 0.10, P = 0.02) transcripts when compared with C. CONCLUSION Maternal malnutrition during lactation modulates folliculogenesis and the expression of the different isoforms of leptin and gonadotropin receptors and the aromatase enzyme. This probably is a consequence of alterations in perinatal leptin concentrations that may play a crucial role in determining the occurrence of long-term metabolic changes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Maternal flaxseed diet during lactation alters milk composition and programs the offspring body composition, lipid profile and sexual function. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 48:697-703. [PMID: 19948200 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of maternal dietary flaxseed during lactation on milk composition, body composition and sexual function of the adult female offspring. The dams were fed a control casein diet (C) or flaxseed diet (F, 25%) throughout lactation. F mothers showed higher serum 17beta-estradiol (E2) and leptin at weaning. F mother's milk had lower total cholesterol (TC) and higher E2 and leptin. The offspring of F dams showed lower body mass (BM), body fat mass (BFM), visceral fat mass (VFM), TC and triglycerides (TG) and higher serum leptin and E2 at 21 days. F offspring showed delayed puberty onset. At 150 days, these offspring presented higher BFM, VFM, TC, TG, E2 and lower relative uterine weight and lower progesterone. In conclusion, flaxseed during lactation did affect the lipid profile, adipose tissue and sexual function in adulthood, probably due hyperestrogenism and hyperleptinemia at weaning.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ferreira RV, Gombar FM, da Silva Faria T, Costa WS, Sampaio FJB, da Fonte Ramos C. Metabolic programming of ovarian angiogenesis and folliculogenesis by maternal malnutrition during lactation. Fertil Steril 2009; 93:2572-80. [PMID: 19591993 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether maternal malnutrition during lactation programs ovarian folliculogenesis and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and its receptors KDR, Flt-1, and FGFR. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING University-based research laboratory. ANIMAL(S) Adult female rats from a urogenital research laboratory. INTERVENTION(S) Six rat dams randomly assigned to the following groups: control group (C), with free access to a standard laboratory diet containing 23% protein; and a protein-energy-restricted group (PER), with free access to an isoenergy and protein-restricted diet containing 8% protein. After weaning, the female pups had free access to the standard laboratory diet until 90 days of age, when they were sacrificed at the proestrum stage. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Quantification of ovarian follicles, vessels, and expression of growth factors and their receptors. RESULT(S) Maternal malnutrition during lactation caused a significant reduction in the number of primordial (C = 6.60 +/- 0.24, PER = 5.20 +/- 0.20), primary (C = 5.80 +/- 0.66, PER = 4.00 +/- 0.31), and Graafian follicles/section (C = 2.18 +/- 0.29, PER = 1.08 +/- 0.37), in KDR (C = 0.22 +/- 0.04, PER = 0.09 +/- 0.01), Flt-1 (C = 0.28 +/- 0.05, PER = 0.12 +/- 0.02), and FGFR mRNA expression (C = 0.34 +/- 0.05, PER = 0.13 +/- 0.05) and in the vessel density of follicles (C = 17.26 +/- 2.30, PER = 9.96 +/- 0.97). CONCLUSION(S) Maternal malnutrition during lactation programs the follicular development by a reduction of VEGF and FGF mRNA receptors expression, probably from a direct action on the follicular development or a reduction in vasculature resulting in a decreased delivery of folliculotrophic substances in PER animals.
Collapse
|
12
|
Passos MCF, Lins MC, Lisboa PC, Toste FP, Bonomo IT, de Moura EG. Maternal leptin treatment during lactation programs the thyroid function of adult rats. Life Sci 2007; 80:1754-8. [PMID: 17349662 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2006] [Revised: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we showed that both maternal malnutrition during lactation and leptin treatment during the neonatal period program thyroid function. In this study we evaluate whether maternal leptin treatment during lactation programs thyroid function of the offspring in the adulthood. The dams were divided into 2 groups: Lep-daily sc single injected with 8 microg/100 g of body weight with recombinant rat leptin during the last 3 days of lactation and control group (C) that received the same volume of saline. The 180 day-old animals received a single i.p. injection of (125)I (2.22x10(4) Bq) and they were killed 2 h after the injection. Triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyrotropin (TSH) and leptin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. The milk of leptin-treated mothers on the last day of treatment had higher leptin (p<0.05) concentration. The pups of the leptin-treated mothers had at 21 days an unchanged T3, T4 and leptin serum concentrations with higher TSH (p<0.05). The offspring of Lep mothers had at 180 days a higher T3 (p<0.05) with normal thyroid (125)I uptake, T4 and TSH serum concentrations compared to the controls. So, the mother's hyperleptinaemia during lactation programs to a higher T3 serum concentration on the offspring, probably by a higher leptin transfer through the milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magna Cottini Fonseca Passos
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, 20550-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
de Moura EG, Lisboa PC, Custódio CM, Nunes MT, de Picoli Souza K, Passos MCF. Malnutrition during lactation changes growth hormone mRNA expression in offspring at weaning and in adulthood. J Nutr Biochem 2007; 18:134-9. [PMID: 16781859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2005] [Revised: 04/01/2006] [Accepted: 04/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mothers' nutrition during lactation programs growth in their offspring. We studied the contribution of the growth hormone (GH) for this programming, evaluating GH mRNA expression. Lactating dams were grouped as follows: C, control diet with 23% protein; PR, 8% protein-restricted diet; and ER, energy-restricted diet, receiving the control diet in restricted quantities of the PR group's ingestion. Some pups were killed at weaning; the others received the control diet until they were sacrificed as adults. Pituitary GH mRNA was analyzed by Northern blot analysis. At weaning, the ER and PR animals had lower GH mRNA levels (-29% and -18%, respectively) and lower length as well as body weight. Ninety-day-old PR offspring showed a lower body length (-5%), whereas ER offspring showed a higher one (+5%); however, at 180 days, the lengths were not different. Both 90- and 180-day-old animals showed body weight differences against control animals, with PR offspring showing a lower (-10%) and ER offspring showing a higher (+12%) body weight. GH mRNA was higher in ER offspring at 90 and 180 days (+19% and +22%, respectively); it was lower in PR offspring at 90 and 180 days (-19% and -17%, respectively). Thus, we showed a direct relation between GH mRNA expression and length as well as body weight. We suggest that malnutrition during lactation may program GH mRNA expression patterns in adulthood and that these changes could be responsible for differences in growth patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Brito PD, Ramos CF, Passos MCF, Moura EG. Adaptive changes in thyroid function of female rats fed a high-fat and low-protein diet during gestation and lactation. Braz J Med Biol Res 2006; 39:809-16. [PMID: 16751988 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006000600015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The percent of lipids in the western diet has been continuously increasing in the last decades and is associated with a decrease in the proportion of protein intake. Recently, we demonstrated that protein malnutrition during lactation is associated with lower body weight and thyroid hypofunction in female rats and their offspring. Our objective in the present study was to determine if a high-fat and low-protein diet was associated with similar changes. Three-month-old female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups with 8 animals each: high-fat and low-protein (40% lipid, 5% protein, and 55% carbohydrate of the total energy content) from the 3rd week of gestation to the end of lactation; control group--standard diet (11% lipid, 23% protein, and 66% carbohydrate of the total energy content). Food consumption and body weight were monitored daily. Serum thyrotropin and thyroid hormone concentrations were determined by specific radioimmunoassay at the end of lactation. Animals receiving high-fat and low-protein diet had a significantly lower body weight (13.9% at weaning, P < 0.05) and serum albumin (25%, P < 0.05) and thyrotropin (26.2%, P < 0.01) concentrations, and a higher serum triiodothyronine concentration (74%, P < 0.005) and 131I-thyroid uptake (77%, P < 0.005). These data show that a high-fat and low-protein diet can promote maternal thyroid hyperfunction that differs from the thyroid hypofunction observed in dams fed a low-protein diet, a phenomenon that can be of adaptive importance for pup nurturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P D Brito
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ramos CDF, da Silva AM, Costa WS, Sampaio FJB. Stereological Evaluation of the Seminiferous Tubules of Rats after Maternal Undernutrition during the Lactation Period. Urol Int 2006; 76:63-6. [PMID: 16401923 DOI: 10.1159/000089737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2004] [Accepted: 08/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to evaluate, through stereological methods, some structural aspects of offspring testes whose dams were submitted to protein and energy-restricted diets during the lactation period. At birth, dams were separated into 3 groups: control group (C), receiving a diet with 23% protein; protein-restricted group (PR), receiving a diet with 8% protein; energy-restricted group (ER), receiving a diet with 23% protein in restricted quantities. At weaning, the offspring was anesthetized and perfused with formalin solution. Then, the testes were excised and processed using routine histological methods. Compared to the C group, both PR and ER groups had a significant reduction in the testis weight (PR = 65%, ER = 60%, p < 0.01), in the total area (PR = 23%, ER = 32%, p < 0.01), in the luminal area (PR = 30%, ER = 36%, p < 0.01), in the epithelial area (PR = 21%, ER = 27%, p < 0.01), and in the epithelial height (PR = 17%, ER = 23%, p < 0.01) of the seminiferous tubule. We conclude that maternal malnutrition during lactation leads to structural changes in the testis that could be responsible for future alterations in this organ physiology.
Collapse
|
16
|
Brasil FB, Faria TS, Costa WS, Sampaio FJB, Ramos CF. The pups’ endometrium morphology is affected by maternal malnutrition during suckling. Maturitas 2005; 51:405-12. [PMID: 16039415 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2004.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2004] [Revised: 10/19/2004] [Accepted: 10/21/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine the effects of maternal protein and energy malnutrition during lactation on the endometrial structures of the offspring at puberty. METHODS At parturition, dams were randomly assigned to the following groups: control group (C), with free access to a standard laboratory diet containing 23% protein; protein-restricted (PR) group, with free access to an isoenergy and protein-restricted diet containing 8% protein; and energy-restricted (ER) group, receiving standard laboratory diet in restricted quantities. After weaning, all female pups had free access to standard laboratory diet. At puberty, the animals were sacrificed with pentobarbital and only females on the diestrum stage were used for the analyses. The stereological method used for quantifying the uterine endometrium was the M42 test system. RESULTS When compared to C group, both PR and ER groups presented a significant reduction in the length density of the glands (PR=53%, ER=35.7%, p<0.001), in the volumetric density of the epithelium (PR=49%, ER=38%, p<0.001) and lumen (PR=42.7%, p<0.001; ER=23.8%, p<0.001) and in the surface density of the inner (PR=22%, ER=13.8%, p<0.001) and outer (PR=55.4%, p<0.01; ER=40.6%, p<0.001) glands. The volumetric density of the stroma was significantly higher in both PR (114%, p<0.001) and ER (117%, p<0.001) groups. In all parameters studied, there was no significant difference between PR and ER groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the protein and energy restriction during lactation leads to an atrophy of the uterine endometrial glands of the offspring at puberty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flávia B Brasil
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lopes Da Costa C, Sampaio De Freitas M, Sanchez Moura A. Insulin secretion and GLUT-2 expression in undernourished neonate rats. J Nutr Biochem 2004; 15:236-41. [PMID: 15068817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2003.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2003] [Revised: 10/25/2003] [Accepted: 12/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, we verified increased insulin sensitivity in adult male offspring of lactating rats readjusting to lack of insulin secretion reduction brought about by protein restriction during lactation. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of maternal protein undernutrition during lactation on glucose-induced insulin secretion and GLUT-2 expression in beta-cells of neonate male and female rats. Lactating Wistar rats were given a protein-free diet during the first 10 days and a normal diet (22% of protein) until weaning. The neonates were separated at birth by sex and diet and studied at 4, 8 and 21 days of lactation. Glucose-induced insulin secretion by pancreatic islets was analyzed by radioimmunoassay and GLUT-2 expression in beta-cells by Western blot. Glucose-induced insulin secretion of the undernourished groups was higher than in the control groups except among females. When comparing the male and female groups and the control and undernourished groups, female neonates showed significantly greater insulin secretion than the male group. Also it was noted that undernutrition induced greater GLUT-2 expression. For instance, comparing the undernourished male and female neonates there was an increase in female GLUT-2 expression on day 4. On the other hand, in undernourished male neonates a GLUT-2 expression increased later in lactation. In conclusion, during a short term, maternal undernutrition induces an increase of the glucose-induced insulin secretion only in male neonates and is associated with an increase in GLUT-2 expression in the beta-cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Célia Lopes Da Costa
- Department of Applied Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Teixeira C, Passos M, Ramos C, Dutra S, Moura E. Leptin serum concentration, food intake and body weight in rats whose mothers were exposed to malnutrition during lactation. J Nutr Biochem 2002; 13:493. [PMID: 12165362 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(02)00197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We had shown that adult animals, whose mothers were submitted to protein or energy restriction during lactation, differ from controls in their body weight and thyroid function. The aim of this study was to evaluate, from birth through six months of age, leptin serum concentration, body weight and food intake in animals whose mothers received protein or energy restricted-diet during lactation as follows: control (C)-23% protein; protein-restricted (PR)-8% protein; energy-restricted (ER)-23% protein, in restricted quantity, according to the mean ingestion of the PR group. After weaning (day 21) all pups had free access the control diet. Body weight of pups from PR mothers were always lower than those from controls (p < 0.05), while body weight of pups from ER mothers surpassed that of the C group significantly at 140 days of age. The food intake was lower in both offspring from PR and ER mothers, normalizing on the 32th day in pups from ER mothers and on the 52th day in pups from PR mothers. Leptin serum concentration in both offspring from PR and ER mothers were significantly decreased on the 12th day (p < 0.05) and increased on the 21st day (p < 0.05) compared to control. After weaning there was no differences among the groups. It is possible that changes in leptin concentration during lactation in the offspring of malnourished groups could permanently modify the setpoint for body weight control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ci;ntia Teixeira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|