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Bawiec P, Sawicki J, Łasińska-Pracuta P, Czop M, Sowa I, Helon P, Pietrzak K, Koch W. In Vitro Evaluation of Bioavailability of Cr from Daily Food Rations and Dietary Supplements from the Polish Market. Nutrients 2024; 16:1022. [PMID: 38613055 PMCID: PMC11013223 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Only some of the nutrients consumed with food are able to be absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and enter the systemic circulation (blood). Because some elements are essential minerals for humans, their beneficial effect on the body depends significantly on their bioavailable amount (the fraction that can be absorbed and used by the organism). The term bioavailability, which is very often used to describe the part of nutrients that is able to be absorbed, is influenced by various factors of exogenous and endogenous origin. The main purpose of the study was to assess the relative bioavailability of Cr from selected dietary supplements in the presence of various types of diets, which significantly influence the level of bioavailability. The research was performed using a previously developed and optimized two-stage in vitro digestion model using cellulose dialysis tubes of food rations with the addition of pharmaceutical products. Cr was determined using the ICP-OES and GF-AAS methods, depending on its concentration in particular fractions. The determined relative bioavailability ranged between 2.97 and 3.70%. The results of the study revealed that the type of diet, the chemical form of the molecule, and the pharmaceutical form of preparations have a significant influence on the bioavailability of Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Bawiec
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.B.); (P.Ł.-P.); (K.P.)
| | - Jan Sawicki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Paulina Łasińska-Pracuta
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.B.); (P.Ł.-P.); (K.P.)
| | - Marcin Czop
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11 Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Paweł Helon
- Branch in Sandomierz, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Schinzla 13a Str., 27-600 Sandomierz, Poland;
| | - Karolina Pietrzak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.B.); (P.Ł.-P.); (K.P.)
| | - Wojciech Koch
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.B.); (P.Ł.-P.); (K.P.)
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Basiri R, Seidu B, Cheskin LJ. Key Nutrients for Optimal Blood Glucose Control and Mental Health in Individuals with Diabetes: A Review of the Evidence. Nutrients 2023; 15:3929. [PMID: 37764713 PMCID: PMC10536295 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of mental disorders, including depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline. Mental disorders can also contribute to the development of diabetes through various mechanisms including increased stress, poor self-care behaviors, and adverse effects on glucose metabolism. Consequently, individuals suffering from either of these conditions frequently experience comorbidity with the other. Nutrition plays an important role in both diabetes and mental health disorders including depression and anxiety. Deficiencies in specific nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, B vitamins, zinc, chromium, magnesium, and selenium have been implicated in the pathogenesis of both diabetes and mental disorders. While the impact of nutrition on the progression and control of diabetes and mental disorders is broadly acknowledged, there is a notable knowledge gap concerning the implications of distinct nutrients in preventing and mitigating symptoms of both conditions when they coexist. The aim of this study was to examine the role of nutrition in improving glucose homeostasis and promoting mental well-being among individuals with diabetes. Further, we evaluated the preventive or delaying effects of key nutrients on the simultaneous manifestation of these conditions when one of them is present. Our findings indicated that the use of personalized dietary interventions and targeted nutrient supplementation can improve metabolic and mental health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raedeh Basiri
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- Institute for Biohealth Innovation, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Blessing Seidu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Cheskin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- Institute for Biohealth Innovation, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Gossa Al-Saadde DL, Haider AM, Ali A, Abdu Musad Saleh E, Turki Jalil A, Abdulelah FM, Romero-Parra RM, Tayyib NA, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Alkhayyat AS. The role of chromium supplementation in cardiovascular risk factors: A comprehensive reviews of putative molecular mechanisms. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19826. [PMID: 37809394 PMCID: PMC10559203 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, micronutrients play an important role in improving body health with preventing and treating of chronic diseases. Chromium is one of the vital minerals involved in the regulation of insulin action. According to abundant evidences this mineral seems to be an essential factor involved in the reduction of insulin resistance and decreasing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Moreover, it has been proposed that Chromium supplementation affects mechanisms involved in blood pressure, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress. For instance, it may affect blood pressure through alteration of the renin-angiotensin system, as well as reducing the angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. Furthermore, Chromium supplementation might help reduce the coronary heart disease rates. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review regarding to the effects of Chromium supplementation on CVDs risk factors with an emphasis on possible molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arsalan Ali
- Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Arts and Science, Wadi Al-Dawasir, 11991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq
| | | | | | - Nahla A. Tayyib
- Faculty of Nursing, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Catholic University of Cuenca, Azogues Campus, Ecuador
- University of Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National University of Education, Azogues, Ecuador
- CES University, Colombia
| | - Ameer S. Alkhayyat
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
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Mohamed M, Zagury RL, Bhaskaran K, Neutel J, Mohd Yusof BN, Mooney L, Yeo L, Kirwan BA, Aprikian O, von Eynatten M, Johansen OE. A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study to Evaluate Postprandial Glucometabolic Effects of Mulberry Leaf Extract, Vitamin D, Chromium, and Fiber in People with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Ther 2023; 14:749-766. [PMID: 36855010 PMCID: PMC10064401 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-023-01379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reducing postprandial (PP) hyperglycemia and PP glucose excursions is important for overall glycemic management. Although most therapeutic lifestyle interventions that reduce caloric intake would affect this, there is no particular nutritional intervention favored. METHODS We evaluated the effects of a novel natural food adjuvant combining mulberry leaf extract (MLE) with other bioactive ingredients, in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) originating from Asia, on improving PP glucometabolic response in a randomized controlled exploratory crossover, two-center study (USA, Singapore). A 2-g blend of 250 mg MLE [containing 12.5 mg of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ)], fiber (1.75 g), vitamin D3 (0.75 μg), and chromium (75 μg), compared with a similar blend without the MLE, was sprinkled over a 350-kcal breakfast meal (55.4 g carbs) and PP blood glucose (primary exploratory endpoint), insulin, and incretin hormones (GLP-1, GIP) were evaluated in blood samples over 3 h. Changes in incremental areas under the concentration curve (iAUC) and maximum concentrations (Cmax) were compared. RESULTS Thirty individuals (12 women, mean age 59 years, HbA1c 7.1%, BMI 26.5 kg/m2) were enrolled and the MLE-based blend relative to the blend without MLE significantly reduced glucose iAUC at 1 h (- 20%, p < 0.0001), 2 h (- 17%, p = 0.0001), and 3 h (- 15%, p = 0.0032) and Cmax [mean (95% CI) difference - 0.8 (- 1.2, - 0.3) mmol/L, p = 0.0006]. A statistically significant reduction in 1 h insulin iAUC (- 24%, p = 0.0236) was observed, but this reduction was no longer present at either 2 h or 3 h. No difference in GLP-1 was seen, but GIP response (iAUC and Cmax) was less with the MLE-based blend. CONCLUSIONS The observation of a significant glucose reduction paralleled with a significant lower insulin response supports a reduced gastrointestinal glucose absorption. These results support the use of a 2-g natural blend of MLE, fiber, vitamin D, and chromium in T2D as a convenient dietary adjuvant to improve PP glucometabolic response. CLINICALTRIALS gov identifier NCT04877366.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kalpana Bhaskaran
- Temasek Polytechnic, Glycemic Index Research Unit, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Linda Mooney
- Nestlé Health Science, Bridgewater Township, USA
| | - Lihe Yeo
- Nestlé Health Science, Bridgewater Township, USA
| | - Bridget-Anne Kirwan
- SOCAR Research, Nyon, Switzerland
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Kim Y, Oh YK, Lee J, Kim E. Could nutrient supplements provide additional glycemic control in diabetes management? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of as an add-on nutritional supplementation therapy. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:185-204. [PMID: 35304727 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the antidiabetic effect of pharmaconutrients as an add-on in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients by pooling data from currently available randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data sources included the PubMed and EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. RCTs reporting changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels following add-on pharmaconutritional therapies for T2DM patients consuming antidiabetic drugs were targeted. Using random-effects meta-analyses, we identified pharmaconutrients with effects on glycemic outcomes. Heterogeneity among studies was presented using I2 values. Among 9537 articles, 119 RCTs with nine pharmaconutrients (chromium; coenzyme Q10; omega-3 fatty acids; vitamins C, D, and E; alpha-lipoic acid; selenium; and zinc) were included. Chromium (HbA1c, FBG, and HOMA-IR), coenzyme Q10 (HbA1c and FBG), vitamin C (HbA1c and FBG), and vitamin E (HbA1c and HOMA-IR) significantly improved glycemic control. Baseline HbA1c level and study duration influenced the effects of chromium and vitamin E on HbA1c level. Sensitivity analyses did not modify the pooled effects of pharmaconutrients on glycemic control. Administration of chromium, coenzyme Q10, and vitamins C and E for T2DM significantly improved glycemic control. This study has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018115229).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhye Kim
- Evidence-Based and Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Health, Social and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyoung Oh
- Evidence-Based and Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Health, Social and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Lee
- The Graduate School for Pharmaceutical Industry Management, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Kim
- Evidence-Based and Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Health, Social and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,The Graduate School for Pharmaceutical Industry Management, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Islam GMR, Rahman MM, Hasan MI, Tadesse AW, Hamadani JD, Hamer DH. Hair, serum and urine chromium levels in children with cognitive defects: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case control studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:133017. [PMID: 34813844 PMCID: PMC8792285 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Environmental chromium exposure may cause impaired development of children. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL were searched to identify case-control studies that reported childhood Cr exposure and cognitive development. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to ensure the quality of the included studies. Cr levels were compared in cases and controls, and a random effect meta-analysis was performed using Stata version 16. Twelve of 61 studies identified in the literature search were eligible for this analysis. Hair, serum and urine Cr measurements were reported by seven, two and one studies, respectively. In addition, one study reported both serum and hair Cr exposure and another reported urine and hair Cr exposure. The pooled standard mean differences (SMD) showed that hair Cr levels were non-significantly lower among children with cognitive defects (-0.01 μg/g, 95% CI: -0.04, 00, p = 0.27). In serum and urine, the pooled SMD was higher in children with cognitive deficits compared with healthy control children (0.32 μg/g, 95% CI: -0.78, 1.42, p = 0.56 and 0.64 μg/g, CI: -0.07,1.36, p = 0.08; respectively). In summary, this systematic review found no significant differences in hair, serum and urine Cr levels between children with cognitive deficits and healthy control children when all study data were pooled in the meta-analysis. Larger studies using standardized criteria and longitudinal assessment of cognitive development are needed to determine whether there is a dose response effect of childhood Cr exposure on cognitive development of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Rabiul Islam
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, USA; Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Mohammed Imrul Hasan
- Maternal and Child Health Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Amare Worku Tadesse
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, SOAS University of London, UK
| | - Jena Derakhshani Hamadani
- Maternal and Child Health Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Davidson H Hamer
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhao F, Pan D, Wang N, Xia H, Zhang H, Wang S, Sun G. Effect of Chromium Supplementation on Blood Glucose and Lipid Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:516-525. [PMID: 33783683 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) have increased sharply worldwide. In order to evaluate the effect of chromium supplementation on patients with type 2 diabetes, a meta-analysis was conducted by searching the relevant literature. Randomized controlled trials on the effects of chromium supplements on glucose metabolism or lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes were retrieved from multiple databases. Literature screening, quality evaluation, and data extraction were conducted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and Review Manager 5.4.0 was used for data analysis. A total of 10 randomized controlled trials involving 509 patients were included, including 269 cases in the experimental group and 240 cases in the placebo control group. Statistical analysis was conducted on the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to evaluate the blood glucose and lipid levels. Meta-analysis results showed that the differences between the experimental group and the control group in only one indicator of HbA1c were statistically significant, while there were no statistically significant differences in other indicators. The use of chromium supplements can reduce the glycosylated hemoglobin of type 2 diabetic patients to a certain extent, but it cannot effectively improve the fasting blood glucose and blood lipid levels of type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Niannian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
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Hassan RM, Elsayed M, Kholief TE, Hassanen NHM, Gafer JA, Attia YA. Mitigating effect of single or combined administration of nanoparticles of zinc oxide, chromium oxide, and selenium on genotoxicity and metabolic insult in fructose/streptozotocin diabetic rat model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:48517-48534. [PMID: 33907960 PMCID: PMC8079231 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14089-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This research was intended to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of single or combined administration of nanoparticles of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), chromium oxide nanoparticles (Cr2O3NPs), and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), on genetic and metabolic insult in fructose/streptozotocin diabetic rat model. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by feeding sixty adult male albino rats with a high fructose diet accompanied by a single i.p. injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were divided into 6 groups (10 rats/each) and the doses of nanoparticles were 10 mg/kg b.wt for ZnONPs, 1 mg/kg b.wt for Cr2O3, and 0.4 mg/kg b.wt for SeNPs. The results displayed that diabetes significantly decreased bodyweight, serum insulin, C-peptide, adiponectin levels, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase, serum superoxide dismutase activities, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and total antioxidant capacity while causing a substantial increase in serum glucose, C-reactive protein, atherogenic index, HOMA-IR, malondialdehyde, lipid profile, interleukin-6 levels, and liver function and kidney function parameters. Furthermore, the findings showed a decrease in insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) hepatic mRNA expression level and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ) adipocyte mRNA expression level in type 2 diabetic rats. DNA damage was confirmed by performing the comet assay. Moreover, histological observation of pancreatic and hepatic tissues was performed, which were consistent with the biochemical results. The present study confirmed that oral administration of ZnONPs, Cr2O3NPs, SeNPs, and their mixture improved all the biochemical and genetic parameters toward normal levels and ameliorated the diabetic consequences that were manifested by restricting cellular DNA damage which maintaining pancreatic and hepatic tissues from oxidative damage. The best reported antidiabetic effect was observed in the mixture administered group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Hassan
- Department of biochemistry and nutrition, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11757, Egypt
- Egyptian Ministry of Environment, Cairo, 11728, Egypt
| | - Mai Elsayed
- Department of biochemistry and nutrition, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11757, Egypt
| | - Tahany E Kholief
- Department of biochemistry and nutrition, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11757, Egypt
| | - Naglaa H M Hassanen
- Department of Special Food and Nutrition, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Jehan A Gafer
- Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Giza, 12556, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Attia
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
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Impact of Environmental and Lifestyle Use of Chromium on Male Fertility: Focus on Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091365. [PMID: 34572997 PMCID: PMC8468676 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Male reproductive tissues are strongly susceptible to several environmental and lifestyle stressors. In general, male reproductive health is highly sensitive to oxidative stress, which results in reversible and/or irreversible changes in testosterone-producing cells, spermatogenesis, and sperm quality. Chromium compounds are widely used in the +3 and +6 valence states, as food supplements, and in the industrial field, respectively. Chromium (III) compounds, i.e., Cr(III)-tris-picolinate, [Cr(pic)3], known as chromium picolinate, are used as nutritional supplements for the control of diabetes, body weight, and muscular growth. However, previous studies showed that animal models exposed to chromium picolinate experienced degenerative changes in spermatogenesis. Contradictory results are documented in the literature and deserve discussion. Furthermore, the long-term effects of chromium picolinate on the antioxidant system of treated subjects have not been properly studied. Comprehensive studies on the role of this compound will help to establish the safe and useful use of chromium supplementation. On the other hand, chromium (VI) compounds are widely used in several industries, despite being well-known environmental pollutants (i.e., welding fumes). Chromium (VI) is known for its deleterious effects on male reproductive health as toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic. Previous studies have demonstrated severe lesions to mouse spermatogenesis after exposure to chromium (VI). However, workers worldwide are still exposed to hexavalent chromium, particularly in electronics and military industries. Data from the literature pinpoints mechanisms of oxidative stress induced by chromium compounds in somatic and germ cells that lead to apoptosis, thus underlining the impairment of fertility potential. In this review, we analyze the benefits and risks of chromium compounds on male fertility, as well as the mechanisms underlying (in)fertility outcomes. Although supplements with antioxidant properties may maximize male fertility, adverse effects need to be investigated and discussed.
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Asbaghi O, Naeini F, Ashtary-Larky D, Moradi S, Zakeri N, Eslampour E, Kelishadi MR, Naeini AA. Effects of chromium supplementation on lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 66:126741. [PMID: 33813266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of chromium supplementation on lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS A systematic search was performed in Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane library and PubMed databases to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to the effect of chromium supplementation on lipid profile in patients with T2DM, up to June 2020. Meta-analyses were performed using the random-effects model, and I2 index was used to evaluate heterogeneity. RESULTS The primary search yielded 725 publications. 24 RCTs (with 28 effect size) were eligible. Our meta-analysis indicated that chromium supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in serum levels of triglyceride (TG) (MD: -6.54 mg/dl, 95 % CI: -13.08 to -0.00, P = 0.050) and total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -7.77 mg/dl, 95 % CI: -11.35 to -4.18, P < 0.001). Furthermore, chromium significantly increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (WMD: 2.23 mg/dl, 95 % CI: 0.07-4.40, P = 0.043) level. However, chromium supplementation did not have significant effects on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (WMD: -8.54 mg/dl, 95 % CI: -19.58 to 2.49, P = 0.129) level. CONCLUSION Chromium supplementation may significantly improve lipid profile in patients with T2DM by decreasing TG and TC and increasing HDL. However, based on our analysis, chromium failed to affect LDL. It should be noted that the lipid-lowering properties of chromium supplementation were small and may not reach clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Asbaghi
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Naeini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Halal Research Centre of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Zakeri
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Eslampour
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Rezaei Kelishadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirmansour Alavi Naeini
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Shellaiah M, Thirumalaivasan N, Sun KW, Wu SP. A pH cooperative strategy for enhanced colorimetric sensing of Cr(III) ions using biocompatible L-glutamic acid stabilized gold nanoparticles. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Tarrahi MJ, Tarrahi MA, Rafiee M, Mansourian M. The effects of chromium supplementation on lipidprofile in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis ofrandomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105308. [PMID: 33197598 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of chromium supplementation on lipid profile consisting of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in humans. METHODS The PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of sciences, Google Scholar and Cochrane library were systematically searched for randomised control trails (RCTs) available which published before August 2020. The meta-analysis was conducted using Random or fixed-effects models, and between-study heterogeneity was assessed by I2. RESULTS Thirty-eight studies comprising 41 treatment arms and 7605 participants included to the present meta-analysis. Our results of overall analysis show only a significant reduction in serum TC level in response to chromium supplementation (WMD: -0.17 mmol/l, 95 % CI: -0.27, -0.07, P = 0.001). In accordance with the results of the subgroup analyses, the lowering-effect of chromium supplementation may be synergist during short-term (less than 12 weeks), low dose (less than 200), diabetics patient, younger adults (less than 54 years) and picolinate and elemental form for TC, older and non-obese subjects (>54 years and ≤ 29 kg/m2, respectively), women, Asian and Australian and picolinate form for TG, short-term, low dose, non-obese subjects, women, and Asian for VLDL, and nicotinate form for HDL-C, but had no effect on LDL-C. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis reveals that there was only an overall significant association between chromium supplementation with decreases in the concentration of TC. Additionally, we found considerable evidence of subgroup analysis that support a significant lowering effect of chromium supplementation on TC, TG and VLDL. Further RCTs with short-term and low dose chromium supplementation in subjects with diabetes are necessitated for a firm conclusion of the lipid-modulating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Tarrahi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Aref Tarrahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Rafiee
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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The effect of chromium supplementation on apolipoproteins: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 40:34-41. [PMID: 33183560 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apos play a role in lipoprotein metabolism. Several studies have been carried out on the effect of chromium supplement in improving CVD risk factors. OBJECTIVE This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis that aimed to investigate the effect of chromium supplementation on Apos levels of human studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus up to May 2020 up to September 2019. We retrieved studies from identified articles. The studies' quality was evaluated using Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. We estimated the effect of chromium supplementation on Apo A, Apo A1, and Apo B by pooling mean and standard deviation (SD) values. RESULTS We obtained six trials involving 231 participants. Chromium consumption resulted significantly decreased Apo B while the subjects were ingesting chromium picolinate. Chromium supplementation did not significantly decrease Apo A (WMD: -3.89 mg/dl; 95% CI, -11.96 to 4.18) with no significant heterogeneity (I2 = 0.00%, p = 0.37). The serum level of Apo A1 did not statistically change following chromium intervention (WMD: 6.11 mg/dl; 95% CI, -7.01 to 19.23) with no significant heterogeneity (I2 = 0.00%, p = 0.68). Chromium supplementation did not significantly decrease Apo B (WMD: 3.81 mg/dl; 95% CI, -5.32 to 12.94). With no significant heterogeneity (I2 = 42.3%, p = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS The chromium supplement did not have a significant effect on the Apolipoproteins (Apo A, ApoA1 and Apo B).
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Effects of chromium supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105098. [PMID: 32730903 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the effect of chromium supplementation on glycemic control indices in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS Randomized controlled trials examining the effect of chromium supplementation on glycemic control indices and published before February 2020 were detected by searching online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of sciences and The Cochrane Library, using a combination of suitable keywords. Mean change and standard deviation (SD) of the outcome measures were used to estimate the mean difference between the supplementation group and the control group at follow-up. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies reported fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) as an outcome measure. Results revealed significant reduction in FPG (weighted mean difference (WMD): -19.00 mg/dl, 95% CI: -36.15, -1.85, P = 0.030; I2: 99.8%, p < 0.001), insulin level (WMD: -12.35 pmol/l, 95% CI: -17.86, -6.83, P < 0.001), HbA1C (WMD: -0.71 %, 95% CI: -1.19, -0.23, P = 0.004) and HOMA-IR (WMD: -1.53, 95% CI: -2.35, -0.72, P < 0.001; I2: 89.9%, p < 0.001) after chromium supplementation. CONCLUSION The results of the current meta-analysis study might support the use of chromium supplementation for the improvement of glycemic control indices in T2DM patients.
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Farrokhian A, Mahmoodian M, Bahmani F, Amirani E, Shafabakhsh R, Asemi Z. The Influences of Chromium Supplementation on Metabolic Status in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Heart Disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 194:313-320. [PMID: 31243685 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This investigation was conducted to determine the effects of chromium supplementation on metabolic status in diabetic patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed in 64 diabetic patients with CHD between October 2017 and January 2018. Patients were randomly divided into two groups to obtain either 200 μg chromium (n = 32) or placebo (n = 32) for 12 weeks. Chromium supplementation significantly reduced body weight (- 0.9 ± 1.6 vs. + 0.1 ± 0.8 kg, P = 0.001), BMI (- 0.4 ± 0.7 vs. + 0.1 ± 0.3 kg/m2, P = 0.002), fasting glucose (β - 11.03 mg/dL; 95% CI, - 18.97, - 3.09; P = 0.007), insulin (β - 1.33 μIU/mL; 95% CI, - 1.90, - 0.76; P < 0.001), and insulin resistance (β - 0.44; 95% CI, - 0.62, - 0.25; P < 0.001) and significantly increased insulin sensitivity (β 0.007; 95% CI, 0.003, 0.01; P < 0.001) compared with the placebo. In addition, taking chromium led to a significant reduction in serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (β - 0.49 mg/L; 95% CI, - 0.91, - 0.06; P = 0.02) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (β - 0.22 μmol/L; 95% CI, - 0.35, - 0.10; P = 0.001); also, a significant rise in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (β 84.54 mmol/L; 95% CI, 31.05, 138.02; P = 0.002) was observed in comparison with placebo. Additionally, chromium administration significantly reduced diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β - 5.01 mmHg; 95% CI, - 9.04, - 0.97; P = 0.01) compared with the placebo. Overall, the 12-week supplementation of chromium to diabetic patients with CHD had beneficial impacts on weight, BMI, glycemic control, hs-CRP, TAC, MDA, and DBP.Trial Registration www.irct.ir: http://www.irct.ir: IRCT20170513033941N30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Farrokhian
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mina Mahmoodian
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bahmani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Elaheh Amirani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Khodavirdipour A, Haddadi F, Keshavarzi S. Chromium Supplementation; Negotiation with Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperlipidemia and Depression. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:585-595. [PMID: 32550211 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is an essential trace element which found naturally in a daily diet and available in the form of supplementary tablets to boost disorders like diabetes mellitus (DM) and functions like lipid metabolism and beneficial on depression too. Diabetes is one of the most prevalent endocrine diseases or in other words, the most severe metabolic syndrome (MS), which associated with high production of free-radicals which is out of bodies detoxifying machine capacity or high oxidative stress (HOS), vasculitis and elevated lipid profile. many research papers and clinical trials published about the significance of chromium on biological activities, pre and post clinical. For this review research articles, clinical trials, from 1st Jan'10 to 31st Dec'18 and refer literature for the biochemical, pharmacological and biological activity of Chromium. Primarily articles gathered from the above search engines. Then precisely according to our aim and goal and regarding designed objectives dismisses similar articles and finally came to 84 articles for the above said period. This review trying to cover the entire picture from what chromium is to the recent updates on their greater role in increasing insulin sensitivity of cells and enhancing lipid metabolism and even recent findings suggest its positive effects including prevention and ameliorating properties on depression. The biological activities, pharmacological features, clinical implications including efficacy and role of chromium compounds on the glycaemic index will be discussed. The outcome of this review is to bring the pros and cons of chromium supplementation along with is safety and toxicity concern beside molecular pathways, biochemistry and clinical trials, all in one comprehensive review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Khodavirdipour
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, St. john's hospital, Bangalore, India.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 98613-35856 Iran
| | - Fatemeh Haddadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Shiva Keshavarzi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
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17
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Imanparast F, Javaheri J, Kamankesh F, Rafiei F, Salehi A, Mollaaliakbari Z, Rezaei F, Rahimi A, Abbasi E. The effects of chromium and vitamin D 3 co-supplementation on insulin resistance and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:471-477. [PMID: 31593637 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to assess the effects of simultaneous usage with vitamin D3 and chromium picolinate (CrPic) supplementations on homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting blood glucose (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Ninety-two patients with T2DM were randomly allocated to the following 4 groups for 4 months: (I) placebo of vitamin D3 (n = 23); (II) vitamin D3 supplement at a dose of 50 000 IU/week (n = 23); (III) CrPic supplement at a dose of 500 μg/day (n = 23); and (IV) both vitamin D3 at a dose of 50 000 IU/week and CrPic at a dose of 500 μg/day (n = 23). HOMA-IR levels increased significantly in groups I and II after the intervention. However, this increase in group I was significantly higher than that in group II after the treatment. HOMA-IR levels were controlled in groups III and IV during the intervention. TNF-α decreased significantly in groups II, III, and IV after the intervention. FBS, HbA1c, and lipid profile did not change significantly in total groups after the intervention. It seems that chromium and vitamin D3 co-supplementation are probably effective in controlling HOMA-IR by decreasing TNF-α in T2DM. Novelty Chromium alone and/or in simultaneous pretreatment with vitamin D3 is more effective than vitamin D3 in controlling HOMA-IR in T2DM. Chromium and vitamin D3 alone and/or in simultaneous pretreatment decrease TNF-α in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Imanparast
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.,Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Javad Javaheri
- Arak Community and Preventive Medicine Specialist, Community Medicine Group, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kamankesh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rafiei
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Salehi
- Department of Nursing Education, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mollaaliakbari
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | | | - Elnaz Abbasi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
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Adhikari S, Ta S, Ghosh A, Guria S, Pal A, Ahir M, Adhikary A, Hira SK, Manna PP, Das D. A 1,8 naphthalimide anchor rhodamine B based FRET probe for ratiometric detection of Cr3+ion in living cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Shukla SN, Gaur P, Jhariya S, Chaurasia B, Vaidya P, Azam M. Biochemical relevance of Cr(III) complexes of isoniazid: synthesis, characterization, DFT, antibacterial screening, antioxidant activity and glucose-lowering effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1572885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satyendra N. Shukla
- Coordination Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Govt. Science College, Jabalpur, India
| | - Pratiksha Gaur
- Coordination Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Govt. Science College, Jabalpur, India
| | - Sangeeta Jhariya
- Coordination Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Govt. Science College, Jabalpur, India
| | - Bhaskar Chaurasia
- Coordination Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Govt. Science College, Jabalpur, India
| | - Preeti Vaidya
- Coordination Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Govt. Science College, Jabalpur, India
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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20
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21
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Han M, Tian Y, Li Z, Chen Y, Yang W, Zhang L. Quantitative determination of chromium picolinate in animal feeds by solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1070:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Huang H, Chen G, Dong Y, Zhu Y, Chen H. Chromium supplementation for adjuvant treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Results from a pooled analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 28677892 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE We conducted a pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effects of chromium supplementation on clinically relevant metabolic biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Electronic searches were conducted and the bibliographies of located articles were searched, and 28 studies were suitable for statistical pooling. Endpoints were calculated as weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by using fixed-effects or random-effects models. Statistical heterogeneity, publication bias, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analysis and meta-regression assessments were also assessed. Chromium reduced levels of fasting plasma glucose (WMD, -0.99 mmol/L; 95% CI, -1.72 to -0.25; p = 0.008), hemoglobin A1c (WMD, -0.54 %; 95% CI, -0.82 to -0.25; p = 0.0002), triglycerides (WMD, -11.71 mg/dL; 95% CI, -18.38 to -5.04; p = 0.0006). Chromium also increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD, 1.73 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.50 to 2.96; p = 0.006). These results were robust in sensitivity analysis and were not dependent on the chromium dose and duration of supplementation. Subgroup analyses indicated that these notably favorable effects were presented in T2DM subjects ingesting chromium chloride and chromium picolinate formulations. CONCLUSION Our pooled analysis suggested that chromium supplementation might be a candidate as an adjunct to pharmacological management in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohai Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangzhao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Agricultural Reclamation Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Dong
- Department of Science and Education, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongkun Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Honglang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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Wolide AD, Zawdie B, Alemayehu T, Tadesse S. Evaluation of serum ferritin and some metal elements in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: comparative cross-sectional study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2016; 9:417-424. [PMID: 27980430 PMCID: PMC5144893 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s120326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes has been associated with an imbalance of some trace metal elements in the blood sample of type 2 diabetes patients. AIM To evaluate the status of serum ferritin and some selected metal elements among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. METHODS Facility-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from February 15, 2015 to October 30, 2015, at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. A total of 428 type 2 diabetes and nondiabetes study subjects were recruited to the study. After overnight fasting, 10 mL of venous blood samples were taken for biochemical and trace metal element analysis. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for Windows for analysis. RESULTS Serum concentration of Zn+2, Mg+2, Cr+3, ferritin, and Fe+3 in patients with type 2 diabetes was significantly lower (p<0.0001) than nondiabetes patients. In contrast, serum Cu+2 was significantly higher (p<0.0001) in type 2 diabetes patients than nondiabetics. In addition, significant differences were not seen in both groups with regard to serum Mn+2, Ca+2, and Po4-3. Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), serum Fe+3, ferritin, and Mn+2 were significantly higher among oral hypoglycemic agent users of type 2 diabetes patients than the injectable insulin users. Serum Zn+2 had significant positive correlation with serum Mg+2 (r=0.738), Cr+3 (r=0.233), Ca+2 (r=0.238), and Po4-3 (r=0.222). In addition, serum Zn+2 had shown significant and negative correlation with body mass index (BMI, r=-0.331), WHR (r=-0.340), and fasting blood glucose (FBG, r=-0.186). Likewise, serum Mg+2 and Po4-3 are significantly and negatively correlated with BMI, WHR, and FBG. CONCLUSION The imbalance of trace metal elements in the blood sample of diabetes is uncertain. Thus, we recommend a prospective cohort study to find out the principal factors behind the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tilahun Alemayehu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Nandi R, Laskar S, Saha B. Surfactant-promoted enhancement in bioremediation of hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium by naturally occurring wall algae. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Costello RB, Dwyer JT, Bailey RL. Chromium supplements for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: limited evidence of effectiveness. Nutr Rev 2016; 74:455-68. [PMID: 27261273 PMCID: PMC5009459 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Some adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) believe that chromium-containing supplements will help control their disease, but the evidence is mixed. This narrative review examines the efficacy of chromium supplements for improving glycemic control as measured by decreases in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Using systematic search criteria, 20 randomized controlled trials of chromium supplementation in T2DM patients were identified. Clinically meaningful treatment goals were defined as an FPG of ≤7.2 mmol/dL, a decline in HbA1c to ≤7%, or a decrease of ≥0.5% in HbA1c. In only a few randomized controlled trials did FPG (5 of 20), HbA1c (3 of 14), or both (1 of 14) reach the treatment goals with chromium supplementation. HbA1c declined by ≥0.5% in 5 of 14 studies. On the basis of the low strength of existing evidence, chromium supplements have limited effectiveness, and there is little rationale to recommend their use for glycemic control in patients with existing T2DM. Future meta-analyses should include only high-quality studies with similar forms of chromium and comparable inclusion/exclusion criteria to provide scientifically sound recommendations for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Costello
- R.B. Costello, J.T. Dwyer, and R.L. Bailey are with the Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. J.T. Dwyer is with the School of Medicine and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. R.L. Bailey is with the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
| | - Johanna T Dwyer
- R.B. Costello, J.T. Dwyer, and R.L. Bailey are with the Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. J.T. Dwyer is with the School of Medicine and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. R.L. Bailey is with the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Regan L Bailey
- R.B. Costello, J.T. Dwyer, and R.L. Bailey are with the Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. J.T. Dwyer is with the School of Medicine and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. R.L. Bailey is with the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Lee YM, Wolf P, Hauner H, Skurk T. Effect of a fermented dietary supplement containing chromium and zinc on metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over study. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60:30298. [PMID: 27343205 PMCID: PMC4920940 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.30298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the increasing development of type 2 diabetes dietary habits play an important role. In this regard, dietary supplements are of growing interest to influence the progression of this disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a cascade-fermented dietary supplement based on fruits, nuts, and vegetables fortified with chromium and zinc on metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, intervention study under free-living conditions using a cross-over design. Thirty-six patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled and randomized either to receive a cascade-fermented dietary supplement enriched with chromium (100 µg/d) and zinc (15 mg/d) or a placebo similar in taste but without supplements, over a period of 12 weeks. After a wash-out period of 12 weeks, the patients received the other test product. The main outcome variable was the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Other outcome variables were fasting blood glucose, fructosamine, and lipid parameters. RESULTS Thirty-one patients completed the study. HbA1c showed no relevant changes during both treatment periods, nor was there a relevant difference between the two treatments (HbA1c: p=0.48). The same results were found for fructosamine and fasting glucose (fructosamine: p=0.9; fasting glucose: p=0.31). In addition, there was no effect on lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION This intervention study does not provide evidence that a cascade-fermented plant-based dietary supplement enriched with a combination of chromium and zinc improves glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus under free-living conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mi Lee
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Clinical Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany;
| | - Petra Wolf
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Clinical Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Clinical Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Core Facility Human Studies, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Mahmoud M, Zaitone S, Ammar A, Sallam S. Synthesis, structure and antidiabetic activity of chromium(III) complexes of metformin Schiff-bases. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Doddigarla Z, Parwez I, Ahmad J. Correlation of serum chromium, zinc, magnesium and SOD levels with HbA1c in type 2 diabetes: A cross sectional analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2016; 10:S126-S129. [PMID: 26589776 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The loss of dynamic integrity between homoeostasis of free radicals and antioxidants causes the development of complications like retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases in T2DM. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To assess the concentrations of serum chromium, zinc, magnesium and SOD in subjects of T2DM and control and to investigate the effect of these variables versus HbA1c. RESULTS Insignificant difference (P=0.493) was reported in age (50±4.7 year compared with 50±7.2 year), while body mass Index (23±2kg/m(2) compared with 26±4.5kg/m(2)) between the T2DM subjects and control subject showed significant difference (<0.0001). Inverse Pearson correlation coefficient, r (-0.376), (-0.689), (-0.05), (-0.05), (-0.40), (-0.14), (-0.342) and (-0.548) were established when HbA1c of control and T2DM patients were compared with control and T2DM patients of serum Cr, Zn, Mg and SOD variables in that order. The overall "p"-value demonstrated highly significant result at p<0.0001 between the T2DM subjects and controls. CONCLUSION Strong association between serum chromium and SOD in relation to HbA1c in this study gives a strong point that these variables could be used as markers of cell injury with the intention in further part of life en route to progressive complications in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zephy Doddigarla
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, J.N Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Iqbal Parwez
- Fish Molecular Biology & Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, A.M.U., Aligarh, India
| | - Jamal Ahmad
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, J.N Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India.
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Rajendran K, Manikandan S, Nair LD, Karuthodiyil R, Vijayarajan N, Gnanasekar R, Kapil VV, Mohamed AS. Serum Chromium Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Its Association with Glycaemic Control. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:OC05-8. [PMID: 26676175 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/16062.6753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chromium is an essential micronutrient which is required for the normal functioning of insulin and regulation of blood sugar levels. It acts as a vital antioxidant for maintaining insulin homeostasis. In diabetes mellitus, the free radical production is increased and levels of antioxidants like chromium, vanadium, selenium and manganese are reduced. There have been previous studies to suggest that low serum levels of chromium are associated with poorer glycaemic control. AIM To study the level of serum chromium in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with glycaemic control. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum chromium concentration was determined by using inductively coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectophotometry in 42 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without any pre-existing complications. They were divided into 2 groups - well controlled (HbA1c ≤7.0%) and uncontrolled groups (HbA1c >7.0%). RESULTS Mean serum chromium concentration measured in uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients was significantly lower (0.065 ± 0.03 mcg/L vs 0.103 ± 0.04 mcg/L, p< 0.05). There was a statistically significant inverse linear correlation of the HbA1c values and the serum chromium concentration (r= -0.6514, p < 0.0001). There was also a decrease in chromium levels across both the groups with advancing age and the decrease being significant beyond 40 years of age (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The results of our study describes the relationship between serum chromium levels and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Significant reduction in chromium levels are probable indicators of metabolic response to oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further large scale studies relating serum chromium and type 2 diabetes mellitus may help to understand more about the exact relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Rajendran
- Associate Professor Department of General Medicine, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Saveetha University , Thandalam, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Senthil Manikandan
- Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Saveetha University , Thandalam, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Lal Devayanivasudevan Nair
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Saveetha University , Thandalam, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajendran Karuthodiyil
- Professor, Department of General Medicine, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Saveetha University , Thandalam, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Nikhilan Vijayarajan
- Interns, Department of General Medicine, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Saveetha University , Thandalam, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajiv Gnanasekar
- Interns, Department of General Medicine, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Saveetha University , Thandalam, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vivian V Kapil
- Interns, Department of General Medicine, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Saveetha University , Thandalam, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Azeem S Mohamed
- Interns, Department of General Medicine, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Saveetha University , Thandalam, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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de Souza GC, de Santana ÉE, da Silva PA, Freitas DV, Navarro M, Paim APS, Lavorante AF. Employment of electrochemically synthesized TGA–CdSe quantum dots for Cr3 determination in vitamin supplements. Talanta 2015; 144:986-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Uddin KM, Ralph D, Henry DJ. Mechanistic investigation of halopentaaquachromium(III) complexes: Comparison of computational and experimental results. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chen Y, Chen J, Xi Z, Yang G, Wu Z, Li J, Fu F. Simultaneous analysis of Cr(III), Cr(VI), and chromium picolinate in foods using capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1208-15. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- YiQuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - JinFa Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Xi
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Guidi Yang
- Department of Plant Protection; Fujian Agriculture and Forest University; Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Zujian Wu
- Department of Plant Protection; Fujian Agriculture and Forest University; Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - JianRong Li
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province; Bohai University; Jinzhou Liaoning P. R. China
| | - FengFu Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
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Feng W, Mao G, Li Q, Wang W, Chen Y, Zhao T, Li F, Zou Y, Wu H, Yang L, Wu X. Effects of chromium malate on glycometabolism, glycometabolism-related enzyme levels and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats: A dose-response and curative effects study. J Diabetes Investig 2015. [PMID: 26221518 PMCID: PMC4511299 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of chromium malate on glycometabolism, glycometabolism-related enzyme levels and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats, and dose–response and curative effects. Materials and Methods The model of type 2 diabetes rats was developed, and daily treatment with chromium malate was given for 4 weeks. A rat enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to assay glycometabolism, glycometabolism-related enzyme levels and lipid metabolism changes. Results The results showed that the antihyperglycemic activity increased with administration of chromium malate in a dose–dependent manner. The serum insulin level, insulin resistance index and C-peptide level of the chromium malate groups at a dose of 17.5, 20.0 and 20.8 μg chromium/kg bodyweight were significantly lower than that of the model, chromium trichloride and chromium picolinate groups. The hepatic glycogen, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glucokinase levels of the chromium malate groups at a dose of 17.5, 20.0 and 20.8 μg chromium/kg bodyweight were significantly higher than that of the model, chromium trichloride and chromium picolinate groups. Chromium malate at a dose of 20.0 and 20.8 μg chromium/kg bodyweight significantly changed the total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides levels compared with the chromium trichloride and chromium picolinate groups. Conclusions The results showed that chromium malate exhibits greater benefits in treating type 2 diabetes, and the curative effect of chromium malate is superior to chromium trichloride and chromium picolinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of The Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of The Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Li
- School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiyu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of The Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Yin RV, Phung OJ. Effect of chromium supplementation on glycated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus. Nutr J 2015; 14:14. [PMID: 25971249 PMCID: PMC4430034 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-14-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Chromium (Cr) is a trace element involved in glucose homeostasis. We aim to evaluate and quantify the effects of Cr supplementation on A1C and FPG in patients with T2DM. Materials and methods A systematic literature search of Pubmed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library (from database inception to 11/2014) with no language restrictions sought RCTs or cohort studies evaluating Cr supplementation in T2DM vs control and reporting either change in glycated hemoglobin (A1C) or fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Meta-analysis was conducted on each subtype of Cr supplement separately, and was analyzed by random effects model to yield the weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed by using the I2 statistic. Results A total of 14 RCTs (n = 875 participants, mean age range: 30 to 83 years old, 8 to 24 weeks of follow-up) were identified (Cr chloride: n = 3 study, Cr picolinate: n = 5 study, brewer’s yeast: n = 4 study and Cr yeast: n = 3 study). Compared with placebo, Cr yeast, brewer’s yeast and Cr picolinate did not show statistically significant effects on A1C. Furthermore, compared to control, Cr chloride, Cr yeast and Cr picolinate showed no effect on FPG, however, brewer’s yeast showed a statistically significant decrease in FPG -19.23 mg/dL (95% CI = -35.30 to -3.16, I2 = 21%, n = 137). Conclusions Cr supplementation with brewer’s yeast may provide marginal benefits in lowering FPG in patients with T2DM compared to placebo however it did not have any effect on A1C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raynold V Yin
- Western University of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 309 E. Second St, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA.
| | - Olivia J Phung
- Western University of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 309 E. Second St, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA.
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Mukherjee K, Ghosh D, Saha B. Surfactant Assisted Enhancement of Bioremediation Rate for Hexavalent Chromium by Water Extract of Siris (Albizia lebbeck) Sawdust. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2014. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cr(VI) is introduced into environment as a byproduct of industries. It is highly toxic. Biosorption of hexavalent chromium by various types of sawdust appears as a very cost-effective alternative for decontamination of Cr(VI) bearing effluents. In this work water extract of siris sawdust is used for the bioremediation of hexavalent chromium. Cr(VI) ions were reduced to Cr(III) ions as a result of oxidation of organic components present in the water extract of siris sawdust. Formation of Cr(III) is proved by UV-VIS spectroscopy. Functional groups involved in the reduction of Cr(VI) are characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. Bioremediation rate is increased by the use of anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) and neutral surfactant Triton-X-100 (TX-100). Here they act as micellar catalyst. Formation of micelles which is responsible for the catalysis of the process is proved by SEM and optical images of the solution. In absence of surfactants 39 % of the total chromium(VI) is reduced within 531 h whereas removal percentage increases upto 54 % in presence of TX-100. Again in presence of SDS the reduction process is almost 99 % complete within 531 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakali Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry , Bioremediation Laboratory, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, Pin 713104, WB , India
| | - Debranjan Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry , Krishna Chandra College, Hetampur, Birbhum, WB 731124 , India
| | - Bidyut Saha
- Department of Chemistry , Bioremediation Laboratory, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, Pin 713104, WB , India
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Navarro-Alarcon M, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Blanca-Herrera RM, Kaki A, Adem A, Agil A. Melatonin administration in diabetes: regulation of plasma Cr, V, and Mg in young male Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Food Funct 2014; 5:512-6. [PMID: 24441643 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60389j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of melatonin, a neurohormone present in plants, represents an exciting approach for the maintenance of optimum health conditions. Melatonin administration ameliorates glucose homeostasis in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of melatonin in diabetes in relation to the levels and regulation of plasma chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), and magnesium (Mg) in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and Zucker lean (ZL) rats. At the age of 6 weeks, ZDF (n = 30) and ZL (n = 30) groups were each subdivided into three groups: control (C) (n = 10), vehicle-treated (V') (n = 10) and melatonin-treated (M) (10 mg kg(-1) per day; n = 10) groups for a 6 week period. After treatment, plasma mineral concentrations were measured by flame (Mg) and electrothermal (Cr and V) atomic absorption spectrometry. No significant differences were found between the C and V' groups (p > 0.05). Plasma Mg levels were significantly lower in C-ZDF vs. C-ZL rats, demonstrating the presence of hypomagnesemia in this diabetes mellitus model. Plasma V and Cr levels were significantly higher in M-ZDF vs. C-ZDF rats. Plasma Mg levels in ZDF rats were not affected by melatonin treatment (p > 0.05). Melatonin administration ameliorates the diabetic status of ZDF rats by enhancing plasma Cr and V concentrations. This appears to be the first report of a beneficial effect of melatonin treatment on plasma Cr and V regulation in ZDF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Navarro-Alarcon
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain.
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Monnot AD, Christian WV, Paustenbach DJ, Finley BL. Correlation of blood Cr(III) and adverse health effects: Application of PBPK modeling to determine non-toxic blood concentrations. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 44:618-37. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.926472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Kaur B, Henry J. Micronutrient status in type 2 diabetes: a review. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2014; 71:55-100. [PMID: 24484939 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800270-4.00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by significant losses of important micronutrients due to metabolic basis of the disease and its complications. Evidence of changes in trace mineral and vitamin metabolism as a consequence of type 2 diabetes is reviewed in this chapter. This review is not a meta-analysis but an overview of the micronutrient status, metabolic needs, and potential micronutrient requirements in type 2 diabetics. This chapter will not concentrate on vitamin D and type 2 diabetes as this is a topic that has been extensively reviewed before. The less well-known micronutrients notably zinc, magnesium, chromium, copper, manganese, iron, selenium, vanadium, B-group vitamins, and certain antioxidants are assessed. While some evidence is available to demonstrate the positive influence of micronutrient supplementation on glycemic control, much remains to be investigated. Additional research is necessary to characterize better biomarkers of micronutrient status and requirements in type 2 diabetics. The optimal level of micronutrient supplementation to achieve glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetics remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kaur
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
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Guimarães MM, Martins Silva Carvalho AC, Silva MS. Chromium nicotinate has no effect on insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, and lipid profile in subjects with type 2 diabetes. J Am Coll Nutr 2014; 32:243-50. [PMID: 24024769 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2013.816598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of chromium nicotinate supplementation on insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, and lipid profile in subjects with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a double-blind clinical trial, 56 overweight individuals with type 2 diabetes were randomized into 3 groups: placebo (NC0), 50 μg (NC50), and 200 μg (NC200) of chromium as chromium nicotinate. Chromium status, sensitivity to insulin, glycemic control, and lipid profile were assessed at the beginning of the study and 45 days and 90 days after. RESULTS In the beginning, most subjects showed low concentrations of serum chromium (71.88%), regular levels of urinary chromium (80.65%), and insulin resistance (73.80%). The serum chromium concentrations did not differ among the groups over time (p = 0.2549). The changes in serum chromium and urine concentrations did not relate to changes in fasting glucose (p > 0.05). At 90 days of intervention, there was no significant difference between groups in fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL); there was increase in homeostasis model assessment β-cell function (HOMA-β; p = 0.0349) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL; p = 0.0425) in the NC0 group and a reduction of triglycerides in the NC0 (p = 0.0177) and NC50 (p = 0.0336) groups. CONCLUSION Supplementation at 50 and 200 μg of chromium as chromium nicotinate did not promote glycemic control, increase insulin sensitivity, or change the lipid profile of subjects with diabetes.
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Suksomboon N, Poolsup N, Yuwanakorn A. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of chromium supplementation in diabetes. J Clin Pharm Ther 2014; 39:292-306. [PMID: 24635480 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Chromium is an essential mineral for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Results of previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses of chromium supplementation and metabolic profiles in diabetes have been inconsistent. Recently, several published trials have emerged. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects on metabolic profiles and safety of chromium supplementation in diabetes mellitus. METHODS Clinical trials were identified through MEDLINE, the Cochrane library, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus and www.clinicaltrial.gov up to May 2013. Historical search of reference lists of related articles was also conducted. Studies were included if they (i) were randomized controlled trials comparing chromium mono- or combined supplementation against placebo, (ii) reported HbA1c or fasting plasma glucose and (iii) were of at least 3 weeks when reporting fasting plasma glucose, or of at least 8 weeks if HbA1c was reported. No language restriction was imposed. Treatment effect and adverse events were estimated with mean difference and odds ratio, respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Twenty-five randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 22 studies evaluated chromium monosupplementation. One study evaluated chromium yeast combined with vitamins C and E, and two others evaluated chromium picolinate plus biotin (CPB). Overall, chromium mono- and combined supplementation significantly improved glycaemic control (mean difference for HbA1c -0·55%; 95% CI -0·88 to -0·22%; P = 0·001, mean difference for FPG -1·15 mm; 95% CI -1·84 to -0·47 mm; P = 0·001). In particular, chromium monotherapy significantly reduced triglycerides and increased HDL-C levels. The effects on glucose and triglycerides levels were shown especially with chromium picolinate. Glycaemic control may improve with chromium monosupplementation of more than 200 μg daily. HbA1c and FPG also improved in patients with inadequate glycaemic control at baseline. The risk of adverse events did not differ between chromium and placebo. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSIONS The available evidence suggests favourable effects of chromium supplementation on glycaemic control in patients with diabetes. Chromium monosupplement may additionally improve triglycerides and HDL-C levels. Chromium supplementation at usual doses does not increase the risk of adverse events compared with placebo. Data on chromium combined supplementation are limited and inconclusive. Long-term benefit and safety of chromium supplementation remain to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Suksomboon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Brownley KA, Girdler SS, Stout AL, McLeod MN. Chromium Supplementation for Menstrual Cycle-Related Mood Symptoms. J Diet Suppl 2013; 10:345-56. [DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2013.830678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Produits de santé naturels. Can J Diabetes 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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The effect of chromium on inflammatory markers, 1st and 2nd phase insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:127-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Nutritional supplements and their effect on glucose control. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 771:381-95. [PMID: 23393691 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5441-0_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to be a growing health concern, many people have been turning to natural health products (NHPs) in order to manage this condition, adjunctive to, or even in place of conventional therapies. In order to keep up with this trend, research focussing on the efficacy and mechanisms behind the most common NHPs has been growing amongst the scientific community. The purpose of this chapter is to search and compile scientific literature focussing on the most commonly used NHPs in diabetes treatment, so to educate health professionals on the efficacy, safety and dosage of these products. From our findings, it is apparent that there are promising results from many studies on the potential benefit of NHPs in the treatment of diabetes. Nonetheless, many of the herbs and single nutraceuticals still require further studies in order to confirm safety, dosage and potential interactions with standard conventional therapies. Soluble fibre, alpha lipoic acid, milk thistle, prickly pear cactus and pycnogenol appear to be the most beneficial in the treatment of diabetes.
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Masharani U, Gjerde C, McCoy S, Maddux BA, Hessler D, Goldfine ID, Youngren JF. Chromium supplementation in non-obese non-diabetic subjects is associated with a decline in insulin sensitivity. BMC Endocr Disord 2012. [PMID: 23194380 PMCID: PMC3537689 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-12-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of chromium supplements is widespread for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus but there are conflicting reports on efficacy, possibly reflecting discrepant effects across different populations. In the present studies, we test the hypothesis that chromium supplementation raises serum chromium levels and correspondingly improves insulin sensitivity. METHODS A double blind placebo-controlled randomized trial was conducted on 31 non-obese, normoglycemic subjects. After baseline studies, the subjects were randomized to placebo or chromium picolinate 500 μg twice a day. The primary endpoint was change in insulin sensitivity as measured by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Pre-specified secondary endpoints included fasting lipids, blood pressure, weight, body composition measured by DXA scan. RESULTS After 16 weeks of chromium picolinate therapy there was no significant change in insulin sensitivity between groups (p=0.83). There was, however, a strong association between serum chromium and change in insulin resistance (β = -0.83, p=0.01), where subjects with the highest serum chromium had a worsening of insulin sensitivity. This effect could not be explained by changes in physiological parameters such as body weight, truncal fat and serum lipids with chromium therapy. CONCLUSIONS Chromium therapy did not improve insulin sensitivity in non-obese normoglycemic individuals. Further, subjects who have high serum chromium levels paradoxically had a decline in insulin sensitivity. Caution therefore should be exercised in recommending the use of this supplement. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered on the NIH registry (clinicaltrials.gov) and the identifier is NCT00846248.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Masharani
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143-1222, USA
| | - Christine Gjerde
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143-1222, USA
| | - Shelley McCoy
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143-1222, USA
| | - Betty A Maddux
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143-1222, USA
| | - Danielle Hessler
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ira D Goldfine
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143-1222, USA
| | - Jack F Youngren
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143-1222, USA
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Surani SR, Ratnani I, Guntupalli B, Bopparaju S. Severe insulin resistance treatment with intravenous chromium in septic shock patient. World J Diabetes 2012; 3:170-3. [PMID: 23125907 PMCID: PMC3487175 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v3.i9.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance has been well documented in critically ill patients. Adequate blood sugar control has been associated with better wound healing, and better outcomes in selected patient populations. Chromium is an essential component of human diet. It is believed to affect changes in glucose uptake. Several studies have shown beneficial effects of oral chromium in diabetic patients with insulin resistance, but role of intravenous chromium infusion has not been completely evaluated. We present a case of extreme insulin resistance in a 62-year-old woman with history of diabetes who suffered a cardiac arrest and respiratory failure, leading to aspiration pneumonia and septic shock requiring greater than 7000 units of insulin over a period of 12 h which was successfully treated with intravenous chromium replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim R Surani
- Salim R Surani, Texas A and M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78366, United States
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Khosravi-Boroujeni H, Rostami A, Ravanshad S, Esmaillzadeh A. Favorable effects on metabolic risk factors with daily brewer's yeast in type 2 diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia: a semi-experimental study. J Diabetes 2012; 4:153-8. [PMID: 22018047 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-0407.2011.00163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of brewer's yeast on plasma glucose and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS The present semi-experimental study was performed on 55 T2D patients with hypercholesterolemia. All patients received 12 tablets of 300 mg yeast per day for 8 weeks. Each tablet contained 1.2 μg chromium. Fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride levels were measured at baseline and then again at Weeks 4 and 8. RESULTS Although there was a tendency for plasma glucose levels to decrease at Week 4, the difference failed to reach statistical significance (P = 0.065). However, after 8 weeks, the decrease in plasma glucose was significant (P = 0.043). Again, although there was a tendency for decreased plasma cholesterol at Week 8 compared with baseline, the difference failed to reach statistical significance (215 ± 29 vs 226 ± 37 mg/dL, respectively; P = 0.056). Brewer's yeast significantly decreased plasma triglyceride and LDL-C levels at Weeks 4 and 8. In contrast, plasma HDL-C levels were significantly increased at both 4 and 8 weeks compared with baseline (41.3 ± 8.8 and 43.3 ± 7.5 vs 36 ± 5 mg/dL, respectively; P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the consumption of brewer's yeast over a period of 8 weeks may improve cardiometabolic risk factors in T2D patients. However, these findings need to be confirmed in a large double-blind clinical trial.
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50
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Via M. The malnutrition of obesity: micronutrient deficiencies that promote diabetes. ISRN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2012; 2012:103472. [PMID: 22462011 PMCID: PMC3313629 DOI: 10.5402/2012/103472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are increasing in prevalence worldwide. Despite excessive dietary consumption, obese individuals have high rates of micronutrient deficiencies. Deficiencies of specific vitamins and minerals that play important roles in glucose metabolism and insulin signaling pathways may contribute to the development of diabetes in the obese population. This paper reviews the current evidence supporting this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Via
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 55 East 34th St, USA
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