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Kyomuhimbo HD, Brink HG. Applications and immobilization strategies of the copper-centred laccase enzyme; a review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13156. [PMID: 36747551 PMCID: PMC9898315 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Laccase is a multi-copper enzyme widely expressed in fungi, higher plants, and bacteria which facilitates the direct reduction of molecular oxygen to water (without hydrogen peroxide production) accompanied by the oxidation of an electron donor. Laccase has attracted attention in biotechnological applications due to its non-specificity and use of molecular oxygen as secondary substrate. This review discusses different applications of laccase in various sectors of food, paper and pulp, waste water treatment, pharmaceuticals, sensors, and fuel cells. Despite the many advantages of laccase, challenges such as high cost due to its non-reusability, instability in harsh environmental conditions, and proteolysis are often encountered in its application. One of the approaches used to minimize these challenges is immobilization. The various methods used to immobilize laccase and the different supports used are further extensively discussed in this review.
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Baluta S, Romaniec M, Halicka-Stępień K, Alicka M, Pieła A, Pala K, Cabaj J. A Novel Strategy for Selective Thyroid Hormone Determination Based on an Electrochemical Biosensor with Graphene Nanocomposite. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:602. [PMID: 36679398 PMCID: PMC9861372 DOI: 10.3390/s23020602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a novel and selective electrochemical bioassay with antibody and laccase for the determination of free thyroid hormone (free triiodothyronine, fT3). The biosensor was based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with a Fe3O4@graphene nanocomposite with semiconducting properties, an antibody (anti-PDIA3) with high affinity for fT3, and laccase, which was responsible for catalyzing the redox reaction of fT3. The electrode modification procedure was investigated using a cyclic voltammetry technique, based on the response of the peak current after modifications. All characteristic working parameters of the developed biosensor were analyzed using differential pulse voltammetry. Obtained experimental results showed that the biosensor revealed a sensitive response to fT3 in a concentration range of 10-200 µM, a detection limit equal to 27 nM, and a limit of quantification equal to 45.9 nM. Additionally, the constructed biosensor was selective towards fT3, even in the presence of interference substances: ascorbic acid, tyrosine, and levothyroxine, and was applied for the analysis of fT3 in synthetic serum samples with excellent recovery results. The designed biosensor also exhibited good stability and can find application in future medical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Baluta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Romaniec
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kinga Halicka-Stępień
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michalina Alicka
- Food4Future Technologies Sp. z o.o., ul. Tarasa Szewczenki 24, 51-351 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Pieła
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pala
- Food4Future Technologies Sp. z o.o., ul. Tarasa Szewczenki 24, 51-351 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Cabaj
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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Kumar A, Singh AK, Bilal M, Chandra R. Sustainable Production of Thermostable Laccase from Agro-Residues Waste by Bacillus aquimaris AKRC02. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03753-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Damiati S, Schuster B. Electrochemical Biosensors Based on S-Layer Proteins. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E1721. [PMID: 32204503 PMCID: PMC7147708 DOI: 10.3390/s20061721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Designing and development of electrochemical biosensors enable molecule sensing and quantification of biochemical compositions with multitudinous benefits such as monitoring, detection, and feedback for medical and biotechnological applications. Integrating bioinspired materials and electrochemical techniques promote specific, rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive biosensing platforms for (e.g., point-of-care testing). The selection of biomaterials to decorate a biosensor surface is a critical issue as it strongly affects selectivity and sensitivity. In this context, smart biomaterials with the intrinsic self-assemble capability like bacterial surface (S-) layer proteins are of paramount importance. Indeed, by forming a crystalline two-dimensional protein lattice on many sensors surfaces and interfaces, the S-layer lattice constitutes an immobilization matrix for small biomolecules and lipid membranes and a patterning structure with unsurpassed spatial distribution for sensing elements and bioreceptors. This review aims to highlight on exploiting S-layer proteins in biosensor technology for various applications ranging from detection of metal ions over small organic compounds to cells. Furthermore, enzymes immobilized on the S-layer proteins allow specific detection of several vital biomolecules. The special features of the S-layer protein lattice as part of the sensor architecture enhances surface functionalization and thus may feature an innovative class of electrochemical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Damiati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Department of NanoBiotechnology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Current address: Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernhard Schuster
- Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Department of NanoBiotechnology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Kumar A, Chandra R. Ligninolytic enzymes and its mechanisms for degradation of lignocellulosic waste in environment. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03170. [PMID: 32095645 PMCID: PMC7033530 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligninolytic enzymes play a key role in degradation and detoxification of lignocellulosic waste in environment. The major ligninolytic enzymes are laccase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and versatile peroxidase. The activities of these enzymes are enhanced by various mediators as well as some other enzymes (feruloyl esterase, aryl-alcohol oxidase, quinone reductases, lipases, catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase) to facilitate the process for degradation and detoxification of lignocellulosic waste in environment. The structurally laccase is isoenzymes with monomeric or dimeric and glycosylation levels (10–45%). This contains four copper ions of three different types. The enzyme catalyzes the overall reaction: 4 benzenediol + O2 to 4 benzosemiquinone + 2H2O. While, lignin peroxidase is a glycoprotein molecular mass of 38–46 kDa containing one mole of iron protoporphyrin IX per one mol of protein, catalyzes the H2O2 dependent oxidative depolymerization of lignin. The manganese peroxidase is a glycosylated heme protein with molecular mass of 40–50kDa. It depolymerizes the lignin molecule in the presence of manganese ion. The versatile peroxidase has broad range substrate sharing typical features of the manganese and lignin peroxidase families. Although ligninolytic enzymes have broad range of industrial application specially the degradation and detoxification of lignocellulosic waste discharged from various industrial activities, its large scale application is still limited due to lack of limited production. Further, the extremophilic properties of ligninolytic enzymes indicated their broad prospects in varied environmental conditions. Therefore it needs more extensive research for understanding its structure and mechanisms for broad range commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (A Central) University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226025, India
| | - Ram Chandra
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (A Central) University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226025, India
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Chan JC, Paice M, Zhang X. Enzymatic Oxidation of Lignin: Challenges and Barriers Toward Practical Applications. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jou C. Chan
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Washington State University 2710 Crimson Way Richland WA-99354 USA
| | - Michael Paice
- FPInnovations Pulp Paper & Bioproducts 2665 East Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Washington State University 2710 Crimson Way Richland WA-99354 USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 520 Battelle Boulevard P.O. Box 999, MSIN P8-60 Richland WA-99352 USA
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Ramachandra Bhat L, Vedantham S, Krishnan UM, Rayappan JBB. A non-enzymatic two step catalytic reduction of methylglyoxal by nanostructured V 2 O 5 modified electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 103:143-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Kushwaha A, Maurya S, Pathak RK, Agarwal S, Chaurasia PK, Singh MP. Laccase From White Rot Fungi Having Significant Role in Food, Pharma, and Other Industries. RESEARCH ADVANCEMENTS IN PHARMACEUTICAL, NUTRITIONAL, AND INDUSTRIAL ENZYMOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5237-6.ch011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Laccases (E.C. 1.10.3.2 benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductase) are an interesting group of N glycosylated multicopper blue oxidase enzymes and the widely studied enzyme having a broad range of substrate specificity of both phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. They are widely found in fungi, bacteria plant, insects, and in lichen. They catalyze the oxidation of various phenolic and non-phenolic compounds, with the concomitant reduction of molecular oxygen to water. They could increase productivity, efficiency, and quality of products without a costly investment. This chapter depicts the applications of laccase enzyme from white rot fungi, having various industrial (such as textile dye bleaching, paper and pulp bleaching, food includes the baking, it also utilized in fruit juice industry to improve the quality and stabilization of some perishable products having plant oils), pharmaceutical (as it has potential for the synthesis of several useful drugs such anticancerous, antioxidants, synthesis of hormone derivatives because of their high value of oxidation potential) significance.
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Malkoc A, Probst D, Lin C, Khanwalker M, Beck C, Cook CB, La Belle JT. Enhancing Glycemic Control via Detection of Insulin Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2017; 11:930-935. [PMID: 28299957 PMCID: PMC5950988 DOI: 10.1177/1932296817699639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, glycemic management for individuals with diabetes mellitus involves monitoring glucose only, which is insufficient as glucose metabolism involves other biomarkers such as insulin. Monitoring additional biomarkers alongside glucose has been proposed to improve glycemic control. In this work, the development of a rapid and label-free insulin biosensor with high sensitivity and accuracy is presented. The insulin sensor prototype also serves as a prior study for a multimarker sensing platform technology that can further improve glycemic control in the future. METHODS Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to identify an optimal frequency specific to insulin detection on a gold disk electrode with insulin antibody immobilized, which was accomplished by conjugating the primary amines of insulin antibody to the carboxylic bond of the self-assembling monolayer on the gold surface. After blocking with ethanolamine, the insulin physiological concentration gradient was tested. The imaginary impedance was correlated to insulin concentration and the results were compared with standard equivalent circuit analysis and correlation of charge transfer resistance to target concentration. RESULTS The optimal frequency of insulin is 810.5 Hz, which is characterized by having the highest sensitivity and sufficient specificity. The lower limit of detection was 2.26 [Formula: see text] which is comparable to a standard and better than traditional approaches. CONCLUSION An insulin biosensor prototype capable of detecting insulin in physiological range without complex data normalization was developed. This prototype will be the ground works of a multimarker platform sensor technology for future all-in-one glycemic management sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldin Malkoc
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - David Probst
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Chi Lin
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Mukund Khanwalker
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Connor Beck
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey T. La Belle
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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Jamshidinia Z, Mashayekhimazar F, Ahmadi M, Molaeirad A, Alijanianzadeh M, Janfaza S. Investigation of Direct and Mediated Electron Transfer of Laccase-Based Biocathode. J ELECTROCHEM SCI TE 2017. [DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2017.8.2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Wu F, Su L, Yu P, Mao L. Role of Organic Solvents in Immobilizing Fungus Laccase on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Improved Current Response in Direct Bioelectrocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1565-1574. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Su
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Upadhyay P, Shrivastava R, Agrawal PK. Bioprospecting and biotechnological applications of fungal laccase. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:15. [PMID: 28330085 PMCID: PMC4703590 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-015-0316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccase belongs to a small group of enzymes called the blue multicopper oxidases, having the potential ability of oxidation. It belongs to enzymes, which have innate properties of reactive radical production, but its utilization in many fields has been ignored because of its unavailability in the commercial field. There are diverse sources of laccase producing organisms like bacteria, fungi and plants. In fungi, laccase is present in Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes, Basidiomycetes and is particularly abundant in many white-rot fungi that degrade lignin. Laccases can degrade both phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. They also have the ability to detoxify a range of environmental pollutants. Due to their property to detoxify a range of pollutants, they have been used for several purposes in many industries including paper, pulp, textile and petrochemical industries. Some other application of laccase includes in food processing industry, medical and health care. Recently, laccase has found applications in other fields such as in the design of biosensors and nanotechnology. The present review provides an overview of biological functions of laccase, its mechanism of action, laccase mediator system, and various biotechnological applications of laccase obtained from endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, G. B. Pant Engineering College, Ghurdauri, Pauri, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rahul Shrivastava
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, HP, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Agrawal
- Department of Biotechnology, G. B. Pant Engineering College, Ghurdauri, Pauri, Uttarakhand, India.
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A novel glutathione-S transferase immunosensor based on horseradish peroxidase and double-layer gold nanoparticles. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 18:50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wang T, Milton RD, Abdellaoui S, Hickey DP, Minteer SD. Laccase Inhibition by Arsenite/Arsenate: Determination of Inhibition Mechanism and Preliminary Application to a Self-Powered Biosensor. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3243-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Departments of Chemistry
and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, 315 South 1400
East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ross D. Milton
- Departments of Chemistry
and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, 315 South 1400
East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Sofiene Abdellaoui
- Departments of Chemistry
and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, 315 South 1400
East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - David P. Hickey
- Departments of Chemistry
and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, 315 South 1400
East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Departments of Chemistry
and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, 315 South 1400
East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Interaction of small molecules with fungal laccase: A Surface Plasmon Resonance based study. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 82:110-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Favero G, Fusco G, Mazzei F, Tasca F, Antiochia R. Electrochemical Characterization of Graphene and MWCNT Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with AuNPs for Laccase Biosensor Development. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 5:1995-2006. [PMID: 28347108 PMCID: PMC5304766 DOI: 10.3390/nano5041995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to show how the integration of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into multi-wall-carbon-nanotubes (MWCNTs) based screen-printed electrodes and into graphene-based screen-printed electrodes (GPHs) could represent a potential way to further enhance the electrochemical properties of those electrodes based on nanoparticles. Laccase from Trametes versicolor (TvL) was immobilized over MWCNTs and GPH previously modified with AuNPs (of 5 and 10 nm). The characterization of the modified electrode surface has been carried out by cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that the use of AuNPs for modification of both graphene and MWCNTs screen-printed electrode surfaces would increase the electrochemical performances of the electrodes. MWCNTs showed better results than GPH in terms of higher electroactive area formation after modification with AuNPs. The two modified nanostructured electrodes were successively proven to efficiently immobilize the TvL; the electrochemical sensing properties of the GPH- and MWCNT-based AuNPs-TvL biosensors were investigated by choosing 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic-acid diammonium salt (ABTS), catechol and caffeic acid as laccase mediators; and the kinetic parameters of the laccase biosensor were carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Favero
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Fusco
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Franco Mazzei
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Federico Tasca
- Department of Chemistry of Materials, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O' Higgins 3363 Estacíon Central, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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Rackus DG, Shamsi MH, Wheeler AR. Electrochemistry, biosensors and microfluidics: a convergence of fields. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:5320-40. [PMID: 25962356 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00369a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemistry, biosensors and microfluidics are popular research topics that have attracted widespread attention from chemists, biologists, physicists, and engineers. Here, we introduce the basic concepts and recent histories of electrochemistry, biosensors, and microfluidics, and describe how they are combining to form new application-areas, including so-called "point-of-care" systems in which measurements traditionally performed in a laboratory are moved into the field. We propose that this review can serve both as a useful starting-point for researchers who are new to these topics, as well as being a compendium of the current state-of-the art for experts in these evolving areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius G Rackus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
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de Cazes M, Belleville MP, Mougel M, Kellner H, Sanchez-Marcano J. Characterization of laccase-grafted ceramic membranes for pharmaceuticals degradation. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Fungal laccases and their applications in bioremediation. Enzyme Res 2014; 2014:163242. [PMID: 24959348 PMCID: PMC4052089 DOI: 10.1155/2014/163242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases are blue multicopper oxidases, which catalyze the monoelectronic oxidation of a broad spectrum of substrates, for example, ortho- and para-diphenols, polyphenols, aminophenols, and aromatic or aliphatic amines, coupled with a full, four-electron reduction of O2 to H2O. Hence, they are capable of degrading lignin and are present abundantly in many white-rot fungi. Laccases decolorize and detoxify the industrial effluents and help in wastewater treatment. They act on both phenolic and nonphenolic lignin-related compounds as well as highly recalcitrant environmental pollutants, and they can be effectively used in paper and pulp industries, textile industries, xenobiotic degradation, and bioremediation and act as biosensors. Recently, laccase has been applied to nanobiotechnology, which is an increasing research field, and catalyzes electron transfer reactions without additional cofactors. Several techniques have been developed for the immobilization of biomolecule such as micropatterning, self-assembled monolayer, and layer-by-layer techniques, which immobilize laccase and preserve their enzymatic activity. In this review, we describe the fungal source of laccases and their application in environment protection.
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Jędrychowska A, Cabaj J, Świst A, Sołoducho J. Electrochemical laccase sensor based on 3-methylthiophene/3-thiopheneacetic acid/bis(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-N-nonylacridone as a new polymer support. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Setting the stage for electron transfer: Molecular basis of ABTS-binding to four laccases from Trametes versicolor at variable pH and protein oxidation state. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Portaccio M, Di Tuoro D, Arduini F, Moscone D, Cammarota M, Mita D, Lepore M. Laccase biosensor based on screen-printed electrode modified with thionine–carbon black nanocomposite, for Bisphenol A detection. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.07.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Production of laccase from newly isolated Pseudomonas putida and its application in bioremediation of synthetic dyes and industrial effluents. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Direct electrochemistry and electrochemical biosensing of glucose oxidase based on CdSe@CdS quantum dots and MWNT-modified electrode. J Solid State Electrochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-012-1986-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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New analytical applications of gold nanoparticles as label in antibody based sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 43:336-47. [PMID: 23356999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with optical and electrochemical distinctiveness as well as biocompatibility characteristics have proven to be powerful tools in nanomedicinal application. This review article discusses recent advances in the application of AuNPs as label in bioanalytical devices, especially electrochemical immunosensors, rapid and point-of-care (PoC) tests. A crucial assessment regarding implementation of different formats of antibodies allowing rapid and sensitive analysis of a range of analytes is also provided in this study. In addition to this, different approaches to minimize antibodies into Fab, scFv or even single-domain antibody fragments like VHHs will be reviewed. Given the high level of target specificity and affinity, such biomolecules are considered to be excellent elements for on-site or PoC analysis.
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Wang Y, Yuan R, Chaia Y, Li W, Zhuo Y, Yuan Y, Li J. Direct electron transfer: Electrochemical glucose biosensor based on hollow Pt nanosphere functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Laccase–polyazetidine prepolymer–MWCNT integrated system: Biochemical properties and application to analytical determinations in real samples. Microchem J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Diaconu M, Litescu SC, Radu GL. Bienzymatic sensor based on the use of redox enzymes and chitosan–MWCNT nanocomposite. Evaluation of total phenolic content in plant extracts. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Reagentless amperometric cancer antigen 15-3 immunosensor based on enzyme-mediated direct electrochemistry. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 25:2548-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Szot K, Nogala W, Niedziolka-Jönsson J, Jönsson-Niedziolka M, Marken F, Rogalski J, Kirchner CN, Wittstock G, Opallo M. Hydrophilic carbon nanoparticle-laccase thin film electrode for mediatorless dioxygen reduction. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Ascorbic acid biosensor based on laccase immobilized on an electrode modified with a self-assembled monolayer and coated with functionalized quantum dots. Mikrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-009-0149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Lu X, Bai H, He P, Cha Y, Yang G, Tan L, Yang Y. A reagentless amperometric immunosensor for alpha-1-fetoprotein based on gold nanowires and ZnO nanorods modified electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 615:158-64. [PMID: 18442521 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy for the preparation of reagentless immunosensor for rapid determination of alpha-1-fetoprotein (AFP) in human serum has been developed. The immunosensor was prepared by immobilizing alpha-1-fetoprotein antibody (AFP Ab) onto the glassy carbon electrode modified by gold nanowires (Au NWs) and ZnO nanorods (ZnO NRs) composite film. Gold nanowires and ZnO nanorods were produced by an electrodeposition strategy using nanopore polycarbonate (PC) membrane. A sandwich immunoassay format was employed to detect AFP with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled AFP as tracer. The morphology of the Au NWs and ZnO NRs composite film has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The resulting immunosensor offered an excellent amperometric response for AFP ranging from 0.5 to 160.0ngmL(-1) with a detection limit of 0.1ngmL(-1). Because of the combination of the biocompatibility of ZnO NRs and the direct electron-transfer of Au NWs between HRP and electrode, the proposed immunosensor displayed a direct electrochemical response of HRP to the reduction of H(2)O(2) with high sensitivity, quick response, good repeatability and long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxiao Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Yunnan, Kunming 650092, PR China
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33
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Grieshaber D, MacKenzie R, Vörös J, Reimhult E. Electrochemical Biosensors - Sensor Principles and Architectures. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2008; 8:1400-1458. [PMID: 27879772 PMCID: PMC3663003 DOI: 10.3390/s80314000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 770] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of biological or biochemical processes are of utmost importance for medical, biological and biotechnological applications. However, converting the biological information to an easily processed electronic signal is challenging due to the complexity of connecting an electronic device directly to a biological environment. Electrochemical biosensors provide an attractive means to analyze the content of a biological sample due to the direct conversion of a biological event to an electronic signal. Over the past decades several sensing concepts and related devices have been developed. In this review, the most common traditional techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, chronopotentiometry, impedance spectroscopy, and various field-effect transistor based methods are presented along with selected promising novel approaches, such as nanowire or magnetic nanoparticle-based biosensing. Additional measurement techniques, which have been shown useful in combination with electrochemical detection, are also summarized, such as the electrochemical versions of surface plasmon resonance, optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy, ellipsometry, quartz crystal microbalance, and scanning probe microscopy. The signal transduction and the general performance of electrochemical sensors are often determined by the surface architectures that connect the sensing element to the biological sample at the nanometer scale. The most common surface modification techniques, the various electrochemical transduction mechanisms, and the choice of the recognition receptor molecules all influence the ultimate sensitivity of the sensor. New nanotechnology-based approaches, such as the use of engineered ion-channels in lipid bilayers, the encapsulation of enzymes into vesicles, polymersomes, or polyelectrolyte capsules provide additional possibilities for signal amplification. In particular, this review highlights the importance of the precise control over the delicate interplay between surface nano-architectures, surface functionalization and the chosen sensor transducer principle, as well as the usefulness of complementary characterization tools to interpret and to optimize the sensor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Grieshaber
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Robert MacKenzie
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Janos Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Erik Reimhult
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Morozova OV, Shumakovich GP, Gorbacheva MA, Shleev SV, Yaropolov AI. "Blue" laccases. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2008; 72:1136-50. [PMID: 18021071 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297907100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review concerns copper-containing oxidases--laccases. Principal biochemical and electrochemical properties of laccases isolated from different sources are described, as well as their structure and mechanism of catalysis. Possible applications of laccases in different fields of biotechnology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Morozova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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36
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Wu L, Yan F, Ju H. An amperometric immunosensor for separation-free immunoassay of CA125 based on its covalent immobilization coupled with thionine on carbon nanofiber. J Immunol Methods 2007; 322:12-9. [PMID: 17350032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2007.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2006] [Revised: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A carbon nanomaterial, soluble carbon nanofiber, was used for the first time to construct an immunosensor for a rapid separation-free immunoassay. The acidic oxidation of the carbon nanofiber provided its solubility and wettability for convenient preparation of a porous carbon nanofiber membrane and a larger number of active sites for covalent binding of carcinoma antigen-125 (CA125) and thionine as electron transfer mediator. This matrix was a suitable environment for the immobilized protein. The immobilized HRP-labeled immunoconjugate showed good enzymatic activity for the oxidation of thionine by hydrogen peroxide. With a competitive mechanism, the differential pulse voltammetric peak current of this system decreased linearly with increasing CA125 concentration (from 2 to 75 U/ml) in the incubation solution. The CA125 immunosensor showed good precision, high sensitivity, acceptable stability and reproducibility with a detection limit of 1.8 U/ml. The soluble carbon nanofiber is a novel method for preparation of immunosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (Education Ministry of China), Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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37
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Reagentless amperometric carbohydrate antigen 19-9 immunosensor based on direct electrochemistry of immobilized horseradish peroxidase. Talanta 2007; 71:1257-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2006] [Revised: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 06/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Shleev S, Nikitina O, Christenson A, Reimann CT, Yaropolov AI, Ruzgas T, Gorton L. Characterization of two new multiforms of Trametes pubescens laccase. Bioorg Chem 2007; 35:35-49. [PMID: 16989887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2006.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2006] [Revised: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical properties of two multiforms of laccase from Trametes pubescens basidiomycete (LAC1 and LAC2) have been studied. The standard redox potentials of the T1 sites of the enzymes were found to be 746 and 738 mV vs. NHE for LAC1 and LAC2, respectively. Bioelectroreduction of oxygen based on direct electron transfer between each of the two forms of Trametes pubescens laccase and spectrographic graphite electrodes has been demonstrated and studied. It is concluded that the T1 site of laccase is the first electron acceptor, both in solution (homogeneous case) and when the enzymes are adsorbed on the surface of the graphite electrode (heterogeneous case). Thus, the previously proposed mechanism of oxygen bioelectroreduction by adsorbed fungal laccase was additionally confirmed using two forms of the enzyme. Moreover, the assumed need for extracellular laccase to communicate directly and electronically with a solid matrix (lignin) in the course of lignin degradation is discussed. In summary, the possible roles of multiforms of the enzyme based on their electrochemical, biochemical, spectral, and kinetic properties have been suggested to consist in broadening of the substrate specificity of the enzyme, in turn yielding the possibility to dynamically regulate the process of lignin degradation according to the real-time survival needs of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Shleev
- Laboratory of Chemical Enzymology, A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
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39
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Tang H, Chen J, Nie L, Kuang Y, Yao S. A label-free electrochemical immunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and nonconductive polymer film. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 22:1061-7. [PMID: 16797959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Revised: 04/25/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive label-free electrochemical immunoassay electrode for detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been developed. CEA antibody (CEAAb) was covalently attached on glutathione (GSH) monolayer-modified gold nanoparticle (AuNP) and the resulting CEAAb-AuNP bioconjugates were immobilized on Au electrode by electro-copolymerization with o-aminophenol (OAP). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry studies demonstrate that the formation of CEA antibody-antigen complexes increases the electron transfer resistance of [Fe(CN)(6)](3-/4-) redox pair at the poly-OAP/CEAAb-AuNP/Au electrode. The use of CEA antibody-AuNP bioconjugates and poly-OAP film could enhance the sensitivity and anti-nonspecific binding of the resulting immunoassay electrode. The preliminary application of poly-OAP/CEAAb-AuNP/Au electrode for detection of CEA was also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
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40
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Shumakovich GP, Shleev SV, Morozova OV, Khohlov PS, Gazaryan IG, Yaropolov AI. Electrochemistry and kinetics of fungal laccase mediators. Bioelectrochemistry 2006; 69:16-24. [PMID: 16318928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2005.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2005] [Revised: 10/03/2005] [Accepted: 10/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The screening of potential redox mediators for laccase was performed using homogeneous Trametes hirsuta laccase. Heterogeneous (electrochemical) and homogeneous (oxidation by laccase) reactions of the different types of the enhancers (mediators) of the enzyme were investigated. It was discovered that derivatives of phenyl-methyl-pyrazolones and benzoic acid, as well as N-hydroxynaphthalimide were efficient substrates for the laccase. The characterization of several representatives from each class was carried out using electrochemical and enzyme kinetics methods. The kinetic parameters for the oxidation of phenyl-methyl-pyrazolones and 3-(6-hylroxy)-aminobenzoic acid were comparable to those for 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) oxidation by the laccase, whereas the rate of enzymatic oxidation of N-hydroxynaphthalimide was sufficiently lower. Electrochemical experiments demonstrated that only oxidation of phenyl-methyl-pyrazolones and N-hydroxynaphthalimide yielded several high-potential intermediates capable of oxidizing veratryl alcohol, which was used as a lignin model substrate, whereas derivatives of benzoic acid showed low-potential intermediate, which was not able to oxidized lignin model compound. Phenyl-methyl-pyrazolones was about 50% as effective in degrading veratryl alcohol compared to ABTS as judged from HPLC kinetic studies, whereas N-hydroxynaphthalimide showed the same efficiency as ABTS. Phenyl-methyl-pyrazolones and hydroxynaphthalimides may be of commercial interest for oxidoreductase-catalyzed biodegradation of different xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Shumakovich
- Laboratory of Chemical Enzymology, A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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41
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Rodríguez Couto S, Toca Herrera JL. Industrial and biotechnological applications of laccases: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2006; 24:500-13. [PMID: 16716556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2006.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 724] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Revised: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 04/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Laccases have received much attention from researchers in last decades due to their ability to oxidise both phenolic and non-phenolic lignin related compounds as well as highly recalcitrant environmental pollutants, which makes them very useful for their application to several biotechnological processes. Such applications include the detoxification of industrial effluents, mostly from the paper and pulp, textile and petrochemical industries, use as a tool for medical diagnostics and as a bioremediation agent to clean up herbicides, pesticides and certain explosives in soil. Laccases are also used as cleaning agents for certain water purification systems, as catalysts for the manufacture of anti-cancer drugs and even as ingredients in cosmetics. In addition, their capacity to remove xenobiotic substances and produce polymeric products makes them a useful tool for bioremediation purposes. This paper reviews the applications of laccases within different industrial fields as well as their potential extension to the nanobiotechnology area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rodríguez Couto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Rubio-Retama J, Hernando J, López-Ruiz B, Härtl A, Steinmüller D, Stutzmann M, López-Cabarcos E, Garrido JA. Synthetic nanocrystalline diamond as a third-generation biosensor support. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:5837-42. [PMID: 16768516 DOI: 10.1021/la060167r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been immobilized on the surface of functionalized nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) thin films. The structure of the modified NCD surface as well as the electrochemical behavior of the whole system was characterized by impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The proximity of HRP heme groups to the NCD surface allowed direct electron transfer between them, resulting in two separated one-electron-transfer peaks at 0.05 V and 0.29 V vs Ag/AgCl, corresponding to the cathodic and anodic process, respectively. The heterogeneous electron-transfer constant for both processes was calculated to be 0.066 s(-1), the charge-transfer coefficient alpha = 0.49, and the immobilized enzymatic layer about 2.10(-10) mol/cm2. The modified NCD electrode was used as a third-generation biosensor for hydrogen peroxide determination showing a linear response in the 0.1-45 mM H2O2 range, at +0.05 V vs Ag/AgCl.
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43
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Chen J, Yan F, Du D, Wu J, Ju H. Electrochemical Immunoassay of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin Based on Its Immobilization in Gold Nanoparticles-Chitosan Membrane. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200503440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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44
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Shleev S, Reimann CT, Serezhenkov V, Burbaev D, Yaropolov AI, Gorton L, Ruzgas T. Autoreduction and aggregation of fungal laccase in solution phase: possible correlation with a resting form of laccase. Biochimie 2006; 88:1275-85. [PMID: 16581176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Accepted: 02/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports results of a reexamination of some poorly understood peculiarities of laccases, an enzyme family which has been extensively studied in our laboratories as well as by others for some years. The issue that is reconsidered here is the previously proposed existence of "active" and "resting" forms of laccases. The presence of fungal laccases with partly reduced active sites is demonstrated. Of further interest is that an aggregated state in solution, not to our knowledge previously noted for laccase, has been found by using small-angle X-ray scattering as well as thorough analysis of the results of several biochemical experiments. Under some conditions, this aggregated state may correlate with the resting form of the laccases, although this resting form could have a broader significance. It was shown that Trametes ochracea laccase had some anomalous characteristics, which could be correlated with the high concentration of the "resting" enzyme. The mechanism of formation of resting laccase is suggested. Knowledge of the resting state is of importance for in vitro studies. Additionally, a suggestion about the possible regulatory role of this form in vivo is mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Shleev
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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45
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Electrochemical immunoassay for CA125 based on cellulose acetate stabilized antigen/colloidal gold nanoparticles membrane. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Díaz-González M, González-García M, Costa-García A. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Enzyme Immunoassays. ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200503357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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47
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Chen J, Yan F, Dai Z, Ju H. Reagentless amperometric immunosensor for human chorionic gonadotrophin based on direct electrochemistry of horseradish peroxidase. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 21:330-6. [PMID: 16023960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2004] [Revised: 10/01/2004] [Accepted: 10/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel amperometric immunosensor for determination of human serum chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was constructed by immobilization of HCG with titania sol-gel on a glassy carbon electrode and the direct electrochemistry of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled to HCG antibody (HRP-anti-HCG). The morphologies of the HCG membrane were characterized to be chemically clean, porous and homogeneous. HRP-anti-HCG was functionally conjugated with the immobilized HCG after incubation in phosphate buffer (PBS) containing HRP-anti-HCG. A direct electron transfer of HRP with a rate constant of 1.35+/-0.40 s(-1) was observed at the HRP-anti-HCG-HCG/titania sol-gel membrane modified electrode in 0.1 M PBS pH 7.0. With a competitive mechanism the differential pulse voltammetric peak current of the immobilized HRP decreased linearly with an increasing HCG concentration from 2.5 to 12.5 mIU/ml in the incubation solution. The HCG immunosensor showed a detection limit of 1.4 mIU/ml, a good accuracy and acceptable precision and reproducibility with an intra-assay CV of 4.7% at 5.0 mIU/ml and an inter-assay precision of 8.1% obtained at 10 mIU/ml. The biosensor displayed a good stability in a storage period of 30 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Education Ministry of China, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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48
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Shleev S, Christenson A, Serezhenkov V, Burbaev D, Yaropolov A, Gorton L, Ruzgas T. Electrochemical redox transformations of T1 and T2 copper sites in native Trametes hirsuta laccase at gold electrode. Biochem J 2005; 385:745-54. [PMID: 15453829 PMCID: PMC1134750 DOI: 10.1042/bj20041015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mediatorless, electrochemically driven, redox transformations of T1 (type 1) and T2 copper sites in Trametes hirsuta laccase were studied by cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemical redox titrations using bare gold electrode. DET (direct electron transfer) between the electrode and the enzyme was observed under anaerobic conditions. From analysis of experimental data it is concluded that the T2 copper site is in DET contact with gold. It was found that electron transfer between the gold surface and the T1 copper site progresses through the T2 copper site. From EPR measurements and electrochemical data it is proposed that the redox potential of the T2 site for high-potential 'blue' laccase is equal to about 400 mV versus NHE (normal hydrogen electrode) at pH 6.5. The hypothesis that the redox potentials of the T2 copper sites in low- and high-potential laccases/oxidases from totally different sources might be very similar, i.e. approx. 400 mV, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Shleev
- *A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andreas Christenson
- †Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 532, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Serezhenkov
- ‡N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosigina 4, 119977 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dosymzhan Burbaev
- ‡N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosigina 4, 119977 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Yaropolov
- *A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lo Gorton
- †Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 532, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tautgirdas Ruzgas
- §Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-20506 Malmö, Sweden
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Shleev S, Tkac J, Christenson A, Ruzgas T, Yaropolov AI, Whittaker JW, Gorton L. Direct electron transfer between copper-containing proteins and electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:2517-54. [PMID: 15854824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2004] [Revised: 10/05/2004] [Accepted: 10/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemistry of some copper-containing proteins and enzymes, viz. azurin, galactose oxidase, tyrosinase (catechol oxidase), and the "blue" multicopper oxidases (ascorbate oxidase, bilirubin oxidase, ceruloplasmin, laccase) is reviewed and discussed in conjunction with their basic biochemical and structural characteristics. It is shown that long-range electron transfer between these enzymes and electrodes can be established, and the mechanistic schemes of the DET processes are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Shleev
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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50
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Shleev SV, Morozova OV, Nikitina OV, Gorshina ES, Rusinova TV, Serezhenkov VA, Burbaev DS, Gazaryan IG, Yaropolov AI. Comparison of physico-chemical characteristics of four laccases from different basidiomycetes. Biochimie 2005; 86:693-703. [PMID: 15556280 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2004.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2004] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
New strains of basidiomycetes producing extracellular laccases (Trametes ochracea 92-78, and Trametes hirsuta 56) have been found by screening of isolates of Trametes fungi. The laccases from T. hirsuta 56 and T. ochracea 92-78 as well as two laccases from previously found and described strains of basidiomycetes, namely Cerrena maxima and Coriolopsis fulvocinerea, were purified to homogeneity. The standard redox potentials of type 1 copper in the enzymes were determined and found to be 780, 790, 750, and 780 mV, respectively. The spectral and biochemical studies showed that the enzymes had no significant differences between the structures of their active sites (T1, T2, and T3). In spite of this fact, the basic biochemical properties as well as the redox potentials of the T1 sites of the enzymes were found to be different. The molecular weights of the laccases range from 64 to 70 kDa, and their pI values range from 3.5 to 4.7. The pH-optima are in the range 3.5-5.2. The temperature optimum for activity is about 50 degrees C. The thermal stabilities of the enzymes were studied. The catalytic and Michaelis constants for catechol, guaiacol, hydroquinone, sinapinic acid, and K(4)Fe(CN)(6) were determined. Based on these results as well as results obtained by comparing with published properties of several laccases, it could be concluded that T. hirsuta and Cerrena maxima laccases have some superior characteristics such as high stability, high activity, and low carbohydrate content, making them attractive objects for further investigations as well as for application in different areas of biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Shleev
- Laboratory of Chemical Enzymology, A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
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