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Liu K, Yuan S, Wang C, Zhu H. Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastric cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1285343. [PMID: 38026944 PMCID: PMC10679741 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1285343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies worldwide. In the past decade, with the development of early diagnostic techniques, a clear decline in GC incidence has been observed, but its mortality remains high. The emergence of new immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has changed the treatment of GC patients to some extent. However, only a small number of patients with advanced GC have a durable response to ICI treatment, and the efficacy of ICIs is very limited. Existing studies have shown that the failure of immunotherapy is mainly related to the development of ICI resistance in patients, but the understanding of the resistance mechanism is still insufficient. Therefore, clarifying the mechanism of GC immune resistance is critical to improve its treatment and clinical benefit. In this review, we focus on summarizing the mechanisms of primary or acquired resistance to ICI immunotherapy in GC from both internal and external aspects of the tumor. At the same time, we also briefly discuss some other possible resistance mechanisms in light of current studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- The Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shiman Yuan
- The Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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A Novel Isaindigotone Derivative Displays Better Anti-Proliferation Activities and Induces Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148028. [PMID: 35887375 PMCID: PMC9324172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Isaindigotone is an alkaloid containing a pyrrolo-[2,1-b]quinazoline moiety conjugated with a benzylidene group and isolated from the root of Isatis indigotca Fort. However, further anticancer activities of this alkaloid and its derivatives have not been fully explored. In this work, a novel isaindigotone derivative was synthesized and three different gastric cell lines and one human epithelial gastric cell line were used to study the anti-proliferation effects of the novel isaindigotone derivative BLG26. HGC27 cells and AGS cells were used to further explore the potential mechanisms. BLG26 exhibited better anti-proliferation activities in AGS cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.45 μM. BLG26 caused mitochondrial membrane potential loss and induced apoptosis in both HGC27 cells and AGS cells by suppressing mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis. Acute toxicity experiment showed that LD50 (median lethal dose) of BLG26 was above 1000.0 mg/kg. This research suggested that BLG26 can be a potential candidate for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Purcell RV, Permain J, Keenan JI. Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis activates IL-8 expression through Stat3 in colorectal cancer cells. Gut Pathog 2022; 14:16. [PMID: 35468857 PMCID: PMC9036718 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) has been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis through the actions of its toxin, B. fragilis toxin (BFT). Studies on colorectal cell lines have shown that treatment with BFT causes disruption of E-cadherin leading to increased expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-8. Stat3 activation has also been associated with ETBF-related colitis and tumour development. However, a link between E-cadherin, IL-8 and Stat3 has not been investigated in the context of ETBF infection. Results We found that co-culture of HT-29 and HCT116 colorectal cell lines with ETBF, had a similar effect on activation of IL8 gene and protein expression as treatment with purified BFT. Inhibition of Stat3 resulted in a decrease in IL-8 gene and protein expression in response to ETBF in both cell lines. A reduction in E-cadherin expression in response to ETBF treatment was not restored by blocking Stat3. Conclusion We found that treatment of colorectal cancer cell lines with live cultures of ETBF had the equivalent effect on IL-8 expression as the use of purified toxin, and this may be a more representative model of ETBF-mediated colorectal carcinogenesis. IL-8 gene and protein expression was mediated through Stat3 in HT-29 and HCT116 cells, whereas disruption of E-cadherin appeared to be independent of Stat3 signalling. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13099-022-00489-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V Purcell
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Jessica Permain
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Yang E, Chua W, Ng W, Roberts TL. Peripheral Cytokine Levels as a Prognostic Indicator in Gastric Cancer: A Review of Existing Literature. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1916. [PMID: 34944729 PMCID: PMC8698340 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although strong connections exist between the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer and chronic inflammation, gastric cancer is unique in that the chronic gastritis which frequently precedes carcinogenesis is strongly associated with H. pylori infection. The interplay between H. pylori virulence factors and host immune cells is complex but culminates in the activation of inflammatory pathways and transcription factors such as NF-κB, STAT3, and AP-1, all of which upregulate cytokine production. Due to the key role of cytokines in modulating the immune response against tumour cells as well as possibly stimulating tumour growth and proliferation, different patterns of cytokine secretion may be associated with varying patient outcomes. In relation to gastric cancer, interleukin-6, 8, 10, 17A, TNF, and IFN-γ may have pro-tumour properties, although interleukin-10, TNF, and IFN-γ may have anti-tumour effects. However, due to the lack of studies investigating patient outcomes, only a link between higher interleukin-6 levels and poorer prognosis has been demonstrated. Further investigations which link peripheral cytokine levels to patient prognosis may elucidate important pathological mechanisms in gastric cancer which adversely impact patient survival and allow treatments targeting these processes to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elton Yang
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown 2560, Australia; (E.Y.); (W.C.); (W.N.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool 2170, Australia
| | - Wei Chua
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown 2560, Australia; (E.Y.); (W.C.); (W.N.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool 2170, Australia
- Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool 2170, Australia
- Southwest Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool 2170, Australia
| | - Weng Ng
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown 2560, Australia; (E.Y.); (W.C.); (W.N.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool 2170, Australia
- Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool 2170, Australia
- Southwest Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool 2170, Australia
| | - Tara Laurine Roberts
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown 2560, Australia; (E.Y.); (W.C.); (W.N.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool 2170, Australia
- Southwest Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool 2170, Australia
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5
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Wang Z, Hou Y, Yao Z, Zhan Y, Chen W, Liu Y. Expressivity of Interleukin-8 and Gastric Cancer Prognosis Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211037127. [PMID: 34531708 PMCID: PMC8438942 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211037127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression and the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) patients has been reported, but the results are contradictory. Aim To investigate the effect of IL-8 expression on the prognosis of patients with GC. Method A comprehensive search strategy was used to search the PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases. The total survival time was analysed using the RevMan 5.4 software. Through extensive search and meta-analysis of relevant studies, studies examining the relationship between IL-8 expression and prognosis in patients with GC were conducted to obtain more accurate estimates. Findings Eight studies (1843 patients) were included. The combined results of all the studies showed that high expression of IL-8 was a risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with GC (hazard ratio (HR): 2.08; 95% CI: 1.81–2.39). Sensitivity analysis suggested that the pooled HR was stable, and omitting a single study did not change the significance of the pooled HR. Funnel plots revealed no significant publication bias in the meta-analysis. Conclusion High IL-8 expression could be a negative prognostic biomarker for patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Hou
- Department of Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yao
- Department of Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhan
- Department of Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenyue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yulong Liu
- Department of Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
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NF-κB in Gastric Cancer Development and Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080870. [PMID: 34440074 PMCID: PMC8389569 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is considered one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide and, thus, a major health problem. A variety of environmental factors including physical and chemical noxae, as well as pathogen infections could contribute to the development of gastric cancer. The transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and its dysregulation has a major impact on gastric carcinogenesis due to the regulation of cytokines/chemokines, growth factors, anti-apoptotic factors, cell cycle regulators, and metalloproteinases. Changes in NF-κB signaling are directed by genetic alterations in the transcription factors themselves, but also in NF-κB signaling molecules. NF-κB actively participates in the crosstalk of the cells in the tumor micromilieu with divergent effects on the heterogeneous tumor cell and immune cell populations. Thus, the benefits/consequences of therapeutic targeting of NF-κB have to be carefully evaluated. In this review, we address recent knowledge about the mechanisms and consequences of NF-κB dysregulation in gastric cancer development and therapy.
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7
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Chemokines and their receptors promoting the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells into the tumor. Mol Immunol 2019; 117:201-215. [PMID: 31835202 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) expand in tumor-bearing host. They suppress anti-tumor immune response and promote tumor growth. Chemokines play a vital role in recruiting MDSCs into tumor tissue. They can also induce the generation of MDSCs in the bone marrow, maintain their suppressive activity, and promote their proliferation and differentiation. Here, we review CCL2/CCL12-CCR2, CCL3/4/5-CCR5, CCL15-CCR1, CX3CL1/CCL26-CX3CR1, CXCL5/2/1-CXCR2, CXCL8-CXCR1/2, CCL21-CCR7, CXCL13-CXCR5 signaling pathways, their role in MDSCs recruitment to tumor tissue, and their correlation with tumor development, metastasis and prognosis. Targeting chemokines and their receptors may serve as a promising strategy in immunotherapy, especially combined with other strategies such as chemotherapy, cyclin-dependent kinase or immune checkpoints inhibitors.
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Kumar S, O'Malley J, Chaudhary AK, Inigo JR, Yadav N, Kumar R, Chandra D. Hsp60 and IL-8 axis promotes apoptosis resistance in cancer. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:934-943. [PMID: 31673102 PMCID: PMC6889399 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) play crucial roles in cell survival and maintenance of cellular homoeostasis. However, cross talks between these two proteins are not defined. Methods IL-8 expression in tumour tissue sections was analysed by immunohistochemistry. IL-8 expression and release in cancer cells was quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Apoptosis was quantified using caspase activity and Annexin-V/PI staining. Results We observed IL-8 release from cancer cells in response to histone deacetylase inhibitor, apicidin (Api), and non-competitive inhibitor of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase, thapsigargin (TG). IL-8 release was increased upon TG-treatment. TG-induced IL-8 expression was reduced in the presence of Api in Bax-dependent manner. Increased apoptosis was associated with decreased IL-8 expression in response to combined treatment of TG and Api. TG and Api combination induced caspase-8 and caspase-9 dependent apoptosis. Hsp60 knockdown abrogated IL-8 expression induced by Api, TG, and their combination. The level of TGF-β, an upstream regulator of IL-8, was decreased upon Hsp60-silencing. Knocking down Hsp60 decreased IL-8 expression and its release in prostate cancer cell xenograft tumours in SCID mice. Conclusion This study describes the underlying mechanism associated with apoptosis resistance mediated via Hsp60-IL-8 axis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jordan O'Malley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ajay Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Joseph R Inigo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Neelu Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Hua Q, Gu X, Chen X, Song W, Wang A, Chu J. IL-8 is involved in radiation therapy resistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via regulation of PCNA. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 676:108158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Wu MC, Cheng HH, Yeh TS, Li YC, Chen TJ, Sit WY, Chuu CP, Kung HJ, Chien S, Wang WC. KDM4B is a coactivator of c-Jun and involved in gastric carcinogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:68. [PMID: 30683841 PMCID: PMC6347645 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
KDM4/JMJD2 Jumonji C-containing histone lysine demethylases (KDM4A–D) constitute an important class of epigenetic modulators in the transcriptional activation of cellular processes and genome stability. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is overexpressed in gastric cancer, but the mechanisms and particularly the role of the epigenetic regulation of IL-8, are unclear. Here, we report that KDM4B, but not KDM4A/4C, upregulated IL-8 production in the absence or presence of Helicobacter pylori. Moreover, KDM4B physically interacts with c-Jun on IL-8, MMP1, and ITGAV promoters via its demethylation activity. The depletion of KDM4B leads to the decreased expression of integrin αV, which is exploited by H. pylori carrying the type IV secretion system, reducing IL-8 production and cell migration. Elevated KDM4B expression is significantly associated with the abundance of p-c-Jun in gastric cancer and is linked to a poor clinical outcome. Together, our results suggest that KDM4B is a key regulator of JNK/c-Jun-induced processes and is a valuable therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chen Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Cheng
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Li
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Jan Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Wei Yang Sit
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Pin Chuu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 350, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95616, USA. .,Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 350, Taiwan.
| | - Shu Chien
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Wen-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
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Kaleta-Richter M, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Aebisher D, Bartusik-Aebisher D, Czuba Z, Cieślar G. The capability and potential of new forms of personalized colon cancer treatment: Immunotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 25:253-258. [PMID: 30611864 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PDT can interfere with cytokine-mediated responses that play an important role in the processes of cancer progression, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Therefore, based on the identification of these cancer biomarkers, the therapy of combining various forms of treatment, including immunotherapy and PDT, may be a justified strategy for colorectal cancer treatment that focuses on individualized comprehensive therapy. METHOD We reviewed the major approaches on the use of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer, with the special regard to photodynamic therapy, its immunological effect and new oncological treatment directions, connected with adjuvant immunotherapy including use of nanoparticles. Databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect and Springer were utilized to search the literature for relevant articles. PURPOSE To review studies of the immunotherapy in colon cancer and immune response to PDT. CONCLUSION Based on the identification of immunological cancer biomarkers, the therapy of combining various forms of treatment, including immunotherapy and PDT, may be a justified strategy for colorectal cancer treatment that focuses on individualized comprehensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kaleta-Richter
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Department of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego Street 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Allergology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Marii Curie - Skłodowskiej Street 10, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Department of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego Street 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Tadeusza Rejtana Avenue 16 C, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Tadeusza Rejtana Avenue 16 C, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Zenon Czuba
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41- 808 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Department of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego Street 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
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Parra JPRLL, Crulhas BP, Basso CR, Delella FK, Castro GR, Pedrosa VA. Using an Electrochemical Aptasensor to Early Detect Prostate Specific and Free Prostate Specific Antigens Released by Cancer Cells. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno P. Crulhas
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Institute of BioscienceUNESP Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Caroline R. Basso
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Institute of BioscienceUNESP Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Flávia K. Delella
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Institute of BioscienceUNESP Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Gustavo R. Castro
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Institute of BioscienceUNESP Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Valber A. Pedrosa
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Institute of BioscienceUNESP Botucatu, SP Brazil
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13
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Chen J, Ma DN, Fang Y, Zhang N, Zhou JM, Yin XL, Liu F, Chai ZT. Berberine hydrochloride counteracts enhanced IL-8 expression induced by SN 38 in AGS cells. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2018; 20:781-792. [PMID: 28679068 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1346629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-8 over-expression could enhance cancer metastasis. In present study, berberine hydrochloride (BER) triggered proliferative inhibition and G2/M arrest in AGS cells, down-regulated protein expression of cyclin B1, Bcl-2, up-regulated expression of p21, p53 and cleaved caspase 3, but showed no effect on protein expression of CHOP, Bip, and caspase 4. BER could down-regulate the enhanced IL-8 expression through down-regulating ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK over-activation induced by SN 38. The increased IL-8 mediated adhesive ability of AGS cells to HUVECs induced by SN 38, could be reduced by BER. Thus, BER could reduce the side-effect of SN 38 in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- b Gamaknife Center, No 411 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army , Shanghai 200081 , China
| | - De-Ning Ma
- c Department of Liver Surgery , Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Yuan Fang
- d Department of General Surgery , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Ning Zhang
- c Department of Liver Surgery , Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Jia-Min Zhou
- c Department of Liver Surgery , Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Xiao-Lan Yin
- b Gamaknife Center, No 411 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army , Shanghai 200081 , China
| | - Feng Liu
- b Gamaknife Center, No 411 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army , Shanghai 200081 , China
| | - Zong-Tao Chai
- a Department of Hepatic Surgery , Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
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14
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Anti- Helicobacter pylori effect of various extracts of ixeris chinensis on inflammatory markers in human gastric epithelial AGS cells. J Herb Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Li B, Nie Z, Zhang D, Wu J, Peng B, Guo X, Shi Y, Cai X, Xu L, Cao F. Roles of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and endothelial cells in gastric carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:324-330. [PMID: 29391882 PMCID: PMC5769379 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) in the peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer (GC), and to investigate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and microvessel density (MVD) in GC tissues. First, 6 ml peripheral blood with added anticoagulant was collected from each of the 42 patients with GC, followed by determination of the number of EPCs and ECs by flow cytometry using the surface markers cluster of differentiation (CD)34brightCD133+CD31+CD45dim and CD34dimCD133−CD31brightCD45−, respectively. VEGF expression in patients with GC was detected by the streptomycin avidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical method, and MVD was calculated using the marker CD34. EPC and EC levels were positively associated with VEGF expression level, as well as with MVD. VEGF expression was positive in 66.67% GC cases, and its level was significantly associated with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, invasion depth and lymph-node metastasis (P<0.05). VEGF expression level was also positively associated with MVD. MVD in GC was significantly larger than that in normal tissue (P<0.01), and it was significantly associated with TNM stage (P<0.05), invasion depth (P<0.01) and lymph-node metastasis (P<0.01). EPCs in the peripheral blood have an important role in GC development, and may be a promising indicator of GC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Denghai Zhang
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Laboratory, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Pathobiology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Bin Peng
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Laboratory, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Yihai Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Limin Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Fanfan Cao
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Laboratory, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
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16
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Crulhas BP, Karpik AE, Delella FK, Castro GR, Pedrosa VA. Electrochemical aptamer-based biosensor developed to monitor PSA and VEGF released by prostate cancer cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6771-6780. [PMID: 29032455 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Early prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostic is crucial to enhance patient survival rates; besides, non-invasive platforms have been developed worldwide in order to precisely detect PCa biomarkers. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to develop a new aptamer-based biosensor through the self-assembling of thiolated aptamers for PSA and VEGF on the top of gold electrodes. This biosensor was tested in three prostate cell lines (RWPE-1, LNCaP and PC3). The results evidenced a stable and sensitive sensor presenting wide linear detection ranges (0.08-100 ng/mL for PSA and 0.15 ng-100 ng/mL for VEGF). Therefore, the aptasensor was able to detect the patterns of PSA and VEGF released in vitro by PCa cells, which gave new insights about the prostate cancer protein dynamics. Thus, it could be used as a non-invasive PCa clinical diagnosis instrument in the near future. Graphical Abstract Overview of the experimental design applied to the aptamer-based electrochemical sensor self-assembled on the thiolated hairpin structure. A filter membrane was added on top of working electrode to provide the cell-attachment surface after aptamer incubation, without compromising the aptamer layer. The pore membrane allowed target proteins to pass to the aptamer surface; the MCH backfilling avoided unspecific protein binding to the gold electrode surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Crulhas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Bioscience, UNESP-Botucatu, Distrito de Rubiao Jr, 18618-000 Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Agnieszka E Karpik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Bioscience, UNESP-Botucatu, Distrito de Rubiao Jr, 18618-000 Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Flávia K Delella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Bioscience, UNESP-Botucatu, Distrito de Rubiao Jr, 18618-000 Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R Castro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Bioscience, UNESP-Botucatu, Distrito de Rubiao Jr, 18618-000 Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Valber A Pedrosa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Bioscience, UNESP-Botucatu, Distrito de Rubiao Jr, 18618-000 Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil.
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Guo Y, Zang Y, Lv L, Cai F, Qian T, Zhang G, Feng Q. IL‑8 promotes proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis via STAT3/AKT/NF‑κB pathway in prostate cancer. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9035-9042. [PMID: 29039490 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) possesses tumorigenic and proangiogenic properties, and is overexpressed in many human cancer types. However, only few studies have demonstrated the mechanisms of action of IL‑8 regarding the ability to promote proliferation and to inhibit apoptosis in prostate cancer. Here, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of IL‑8 on the prostate cancer cell line and determine possible mechanisms underlying its effect. In this study, IL‑8 was shown to be significantly upregulated in prostate cancer compared with paired normal control tissues. The data showed that IL‑8 exhibits direct oncogenicity, which significantly induced cell proliferation, invasion and attenuated apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/protein kinase B/nuclear factor‑κB signaling pathways. In conclusion, modulation of IL‑8 expression or its associated signaling pathway may provide a novel working mechanism of IL‑8 in prostate cancer, and a promising strategy for controlling the progression and metastasis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Lianzheng Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Quancheng Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
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18
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Pan LH, Kuo SH, Lin TY, Lin CW, Fang PY, Yang HW. An electrochemical biosensor to simultaneously detect VEGF and PSA for early prostate cancer diagnosis based on graphene oxide/ssDNA/PLLA nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 89:598-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Elevated level of some chemokines in plasma of gastric cancer patients. Cent Eur J Immunol 2017; 41:358-362. [PMID: 28450798 PMCID: PMC5382881 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2016.65133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancer-related causes of death. This is mainly due to the lack of good noninvasive method/biomarkers suitable for early-tumour diagnosis and planning of further therapy modalities. Chemokines play an important role in cancer progression and metastasis formation. In gastric cancer patients, clinical relevance of CXCL12 and CCL5 level has been postulated. AIM OF THE STUDY Efforts were undertaken to examine whether expanded chemokine range may be relevant for evaluation of preoperative staging of gastric cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plasma from 66 gastric cancer patients and 11 healthy controls was obtained, and CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL10 levels were determined by flow cytometry FlexSet system. RESULTS In gastric cancer patients' plasma an increased level of CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL10 was observed. In the case of CCL2, CXCL9, and CXCL10, the chemokine levels correlated with advanced (III and IV in TNM classification) disease stage. In the case of CCL4, CCL5, and CXCL8, elevated levels were observed in all cancer patients in comparison to healthy donors. CONCLUSIONS The accuracy of preoperative diagnosis in gastric cancer may include the monitoring of a wide range of chemokines in patients' plasma. Increased levels of chemokines may warn that the disease is more advanced than conventional diagnostic procedures suggest.
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Zhang L, Lou WH, Xu XF, Wu W, Rong YF, Jin DY. SN38 increases IL-8 expression through the MAPK pathways in HCT8 cells. Int J Mol Med 2016; 39:217-222. [PMID: 27878250 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) is closely associated with poor tumor differentiation, metastasis and tumor progression. This study aimed to examine the effects and mechanisms of action of SN38 (a metabolite of the camptothecin derivative, CPT-11) on IL-8 expression in HCT8 cells, using ELISA, CCK-8 and western blot analysis. Among jatrorrhizine, evodiamine, 5-fluorouracil and SN38, SN38 was found to inhibit the proliferation of HCT8 cells in a dose-dependent manner, but to increase IL-8 secretion from HCT8 cells. Of the other agents, evodiamine was found to inhibit both IL-8 secretion and cell proliferation, and jatrorrhizine was found to increase IL-8 secretion without any obvious inhibitory effect on cell proliferation. Further experiments revealed that the increased activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) by SN38 contributed to the decreased cell proliferation and to the overexpression of IL-8 induced by SN38. Our results suggested that the MAPK pathways are activated by SN38, resulting in the upregulation of IL-8 expression and in the inhibition of cell proliferation in an IL-8-independent manner. Thus, the potential benefit of the use of a combination of camptothecin-11 with other chemical drugs with inhibitory effects on IL-8 expression, should be paid more attention in treating colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Pancreatic Cancer Group, General Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Universitiy, Shanghai 200232, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hui Lou
- Pancreatic Cancer Group, General Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Universitiy, Shanghai 200232, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Xu
- Pancreatic Cancer Group, General Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Universitiy, Shanghai 200232, P.R. China
| | - Wenchuan Wu
- Pancreatic Cancer Group, General Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Universitiy, Shanghai 200232, P.R. China
| | - Ye-Fei Rong
- Pancreatic Cancer Group, General Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Universitiy, Shanghai 200232, P.R. China
| | - Da-Yong Jin
- Pancreatic Cancer Group, General Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Universitiy, Shanghai 200232, P.R. China
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21
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Lee H, Su YL, Huang BS, Hsieh FT, Chang YH, Tzeng SR, Hsu CH, Huang PT, Lou KL, Wang YT, Chow LP. Importance of the C-terminal histidine residues of Helicobacter pylori GroES for Toll-like receptor 4 binding and interleukin-8 cytokine production. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37367. [PMID: 27869178 PMCID: PMC5116745 DOI: 10.1038/srep37367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with the development of gastric and duodenal ulcers as well as gastric cancer. GroES of H. pylori (HpGroES) was previously identified as a gastric cancer-associated virulence factor. Our group showed that HpGroES induces interleukin-8 (IL-8) cytokine release via a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent mechanism and domain B of the protein is crucial for interactions with TLR4. In the present study, we investigated the importance of the histidine residues in domain B. To this end, a series of point mutants were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the corresponding proteins purified. Interestingly, H96, H104 and H115 were not essential, whereas H100, H102, H108, H113 and H118 were crucial for IL-8 production and TLR4 interactions in KATO-III cells. These residues were involved in nickel binding. Four of five residues, H102, H108, H113 and H118 induced certain conformation changes in extended domain B structure, which is essential for interactions with TLR4 and consequent IL-8 production. We conclude that interactions of nickel ions with histidine residues in domain B help to maintain the conformation of the C-terminal region to conserve the integrity of the HpGroES structure and modulate IL-8 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haur Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Su
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Shih Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Tse Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Ru Tzeng
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Hsu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Po-Tsang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Long Lou
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Yeng-Tseng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Ping Chow
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
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22
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Yang HW, Tsai RY, Chen JP, Ju SP, Liao JF, Wei KC, Zou WL, Hua MY. Fabrication of a Nanogold-Dot Array for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Human Serum. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:30845-30852. [PMID: 27768268 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple and accurate device for early detection of malignancies is paramount for prompt treatment and prevention of metastases. In this study, we describe a novel fabrication method for producing an ordered nanogold-dot array with strong localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and narrow bandwidth. The array was used as an optical biosensing chip for the detection of vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) in human serum. The biochip was constructed by conjugating an anti-VEGF antibody, a specific biorecognition element for VEGF165, onto the array via the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of the antibody, ultimately increasing the efficiency of VEGF165 detection. The resulting biochip was sensitive, had a wide linear detection range (0.01-100 ng/mL), was specific for VEGF165 (showing no interference when challenged with glucose and ascorbic acid), and characterized by an excellent stability (allowing storage and transportation at room temperature). Owing to the good correlations of VEGF165 measurements obtained with ELISA, we believe that our chip holds promise as a tool for early diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rung-Ywan Tsai
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute , Hsin-chu 31040, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Po Chen
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute , Hsin-chu 31040, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Pon Ju
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | | | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University , Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Zou
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University , Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Yi Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University , Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University , Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
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23
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Effect ofRumex Aquaticus HerbaExtract AgainstHelicobacter pylori-Induced Inflammation in Gastric Epithelial Cells. J Med Food 2016; 19:31-7. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Shi J, Wei PK. Interleukin-8: A potent promoter of angiogenesis in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:1043-1050. [PMID: 26893688 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.4035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a critical process in the development of tumor malignancy and occurs at various stages of tumor progression. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a pro-angiogenic factor produced by tumor-infiltrating macrophages that has been revealed to facilitate the development of angiogenesis in various cancers. However, whether IL-8 activates angiogenesis in gastric cancer remains unclear. The present study investigated the effect of IL-8 on the migration and canalization capacities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition, the protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of selected angiogenesis markers, consisting of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1 and VEGFR-2, were assessed in the HUVECs. The HUVECs were co-cultured with human gastric cancer SGC7901 cells and exposed to various concentrations of IL-8 (0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0 ng/ml). The migration and canalization abilities of the cells were detected by Transwell chamber and tube formation assays. Protein expression was detected using immunofluorescence and western blot analysis, and mRNA levels were assessed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The protein and mRNA levels of VEGF-A, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 were measured in HUVECs cultured for 24 h. IL-8 at concentrations of 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0 ng/ml significantly promoted HUVEC cell migration (P=0.005, P=0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) and tube formation (P=0.039, P=0.003 and P<0.001, respectively). IL-8 at concentrations of 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0 ng/ml significantly elevated the protein levels of VEGF-A (P<0.001) and VEGFR-2 (P=0.034, P<0.001, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). IL-8 at concentrations of 0.8 and 1.0 ng/ml significantly elevated the protein levels of VEGF-1 (P=0.037 and P=0.002, respectively). Similarly, IL-8 at concentrations of 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0 ng/ml significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of VEGF-A (P=0.046, P=0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) and VEGFR-1 (P=0.042, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). IL-8 at concentrations of 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0 ng/ml significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of VEGFR-2 (P=0.003, P=0.005, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). In conclusion, IL-8 may be a potent promoter of angiogenesis in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Pin-Kang Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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25
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Polystyrene nanoparticles internalization in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 31:126-36. [PMID: 26585375 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The increase in the use of nanoparticles, as a promising tool for drug delivery or as a food additive, raises questions about their interaction with biological systems, especially in terms of evoked responses. In this work, we evaluated the kinetics of uptake of 44 nm (NP44) and 100 nm (NP100) unmodified polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) in gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells, as well as the endocytic mechanism involved, and the effect on cell viability and gene expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation and inflammation processes. We showed that NP44 accumulate rapidly and more efficiently in the cytoplasm of AGS compared to NP100; both PS-NPs showed an energy dependent mechanism of internalization and a clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. Dose response treatments revealed a non-linear curve. PS-NPs also affected cell viability, inflammatory gene expression and cell morphology. NP44 strongly induced an up-regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 genes, two of the most important cytokines involved in gastric pathologies. Our study suggests that parameters such as time, size and concentration of NPs must be taken carefully into consideration during the development of drug delivery systems based on NPs and for the management of nanoparticles associated risk factors.
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26
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Shi J, Wei PK. Low-dose interleukin-8 induces the adhesion, migration and invasion of the gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell line. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2871-2877. [PMID: 26722255 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8), an important inflammatory cytokine, is strongly associated with gastric cancer development and metastasis. High-dose (>1 ng/ml) IL-8 has been revealed to promote the adhesion, migration and invasion of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, the IL-8 level produced by gastric cells is marginal, at even less than 1 ng/ml. It is unclear whether low-dose IL-8 also induces these capacities. In the present study, the effect of low-dose IL-8 on the adhesion, migration and invasion of the SGC-7901 cell line and the underlying molecular mechanism with regard to cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) were investigated. The SGC-7901 cells were exposed to various concentrations of IL-8 (0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1 ng/ml) in vitro. The adhesion of the SGC-7901 cells to fibronectin, an extracellular matrix component, was then detected by cell counting kit 8 assay. Migration and invasion abilities were evaluated by wound scratch and Transwell chamber assays. In addition, protein and mRNA levels of CD44 were measured using immunofluorescence and western blotting, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively, in cells cultured for 72 h. Following the exposure of the SGC-7901 cells to the various low doses of IL-8, the cell adhesion, migration and invasion capacities were promoted by IL-8, but not in a significant dose-dependent manner. Low-dose IL-8 upregulated the protein and mRNA expression of CD44. In conclusion, low-dose IL-8 potently induces the adhesion, migration and invasion of SGC-7901 cells, and the regulation of CD44 expression is one of the potential molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Pin-Kang Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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27
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Lin CW, Wei KC, Liao SS, Huang CY, Sun CL, Wu PJ, Lu YJ, Yang HW, Ma CCM. A reusable magnetic graphene oxide-modified biosensor for vascular endothelial growth factor detection in cancer diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 67:431-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Shi J, Wei PK. Xiaotan Sanjie decoction inhibits interleukin-8-induced metastatic potency in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:1479-87. [PMID: 25663767 PMCID: PMC4316090 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the interaction between Xiaotan Sanjie (XTSJ) decoction and interleukin-8 (IL-8) and its effect on adhesion, migration and invasion of SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells. METHODS SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells were exposed to serum containing XTSJ decoction and/or IL-8 (1 ng/mL). SGC-7901 cell adhesion to fibronectin, an extracellular matrix component, was detected using the Cell Counting Kit-8. Migration and invasion abilities of SGC-7901 cells were detected by scratch wound and Transwell chamber assays. Then, protein (immunofluorescence and Western blot) and mRNA levels (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) of cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), a cell adhesion molecule, were measured in 72-h-cultured SGC-7901 cells. RESULTS Cell adhesion was promoted by IL-8 (P = 0.001), but was inhibited by XTSJ decoction (P = 0.0001). Similarly, IL-8 promoted SGC-7901 cell invasion (P = 0.003), and XTSJ decoction inhibited cell invasion (P = 0.001). IL-8 induced SGC-7901 cell migration, but this was inhibited by XTSJ decoction. IL-8 up-regulated CD44 protein (P = 0.028) and mRNA expression (P = 0.002), whereas XTSJ decoction inhibited CD44 protein expression (P = 0.0001), but not mRNA expression (P = 0.275). An interaction between XTSJ decoction and IL-8 was confirmed in the invasion (P = 0.001) and CD44 mRNA expression of SGC-7901 cells (P = 0.010), but not in cell adhesion (P = 0.051). CONCLUSION XTSJ decoction may inhibit adhesion, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, which is partly associated with down-regulation of IL-8.
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SHI JUN, WEI PINKANG. Interleukin-8 does not influence proliferation of the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:2475-2480. [PMID: 25364410 PMCID: PMC4214491 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8), an important inflammatory factor, is induced by Helicobacter pylori infection and is clearly associated with gastric cancer. IL-8 levels have been revealed to correlate significantly with the adhesion, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. However, whether IL-8 influences cell proliferation in gastric cancer remains unclear. In the present study, the effect of IL-8 on the proliferation of the SGC7901 human gastric cancer cell line was investigated. SGC7901 cells were exposed to various concentrations of IL-8 (0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1 ng/ml) for one to seven days. Cell proliferation was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. In addition, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein and mRNA levels were measured by immunofluorescence, western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Following exposure of SGC7901 cells to the various concentrations of IL-8, no significant changes in terms of cell proliferation were identified. However, IL-8 was shown to regulate PCNA protein and mRNA expression levels; at a concentration of 0.8 ng/ml, IL-8 significantly elevated the PCNA protein and mRNA expression levels, whereas IL-8 significantly inhibited these levels at other concentrations, compared with no treatment. In conclusion, IL-8 does not affect the proliferation of SGC7901 cells. However, IL-8 dosage was associated with PCNA protein and mRNA expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- JUN SHI
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - PIN-KANG WEI
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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Chen HC, Qiu JT, Yang FL, Liu YC, Chen MC, Tsai RY, Yang HW, Lin CY, Lin CC, Wu TS, Tu YM, Xiao MC, Ho CH, Huang CC, Lai CS, Hua MY. Magnetic-Composite-Modified Polycrystalline Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Detection and Cancer Diagnosis. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9443-50. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5001898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chien Chen
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Biosensor Group, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department
of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jian-Tai Qiu
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fu-Liang Yang
- National Nano Device Laboratories, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yin-Chih Liu
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Biosensor Group, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Min-Cheng Chen
- National Nano Device Laboratories, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Rung-Ywan Tsai
- Electronics
and Optoelectronics Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hung-Wei Yang
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Biosensor Group, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Yi Lin
- National Nano Device Laboratories, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chu-Chi Lin
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzong-Shoon Wu
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ming Tu
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Biosensor Group, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Min-Cong Xiao
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Biosensor Group, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Hua Ho
- National Nano Device Laboratories, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Chao Huang
- National Nano Device Laboratories, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chao-Sung Lai
- Department
of Electronic Engineering and Biosensor Group,
Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mu-Yi Hua
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Biosensor Group, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Sun Q, Sun F, Wang B, Liu S, Niu W, Liu E, Peng C, Wang J, Gao H, Liang B, Niu Z, Zou X, Niu J. Interleukin-8 promotes cell migration through integrin αvβ6 upregulation in colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 354:245-53. [PMID: 25150782 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), which is notorious for high morbidity and mortality around the world, shows a predilection for metastasis to liver. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a chemokine with a defining CXC amino acid motif, has been reported to promote CRC cell migration and is associated with poor prognosis of CRC. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of IL-8-mediated migration remains obscure. In this study, we first demonstrated the cross talk between IL-8 and integrin αvβ6. We analyzed 139 human CRC samples, and found that the immunohistochemical expression of αvβ6 was significantly correlated with expression of IL-8. Furthermore, IL-8 increased the migration through integrin αvβ6 in human CRC cells, and both CXCR1 and CXCR2 were primarily involved during the process. IL-8 upregulated αvβ6 expression in a dose-dependent manner through activation of ERK and Ets-1 signaling pathway. Taken together, our results indicated that IL-8 enhances the migration of CRC cells by increasing αvβ6 integrin expression through the ERK/Ets-1 pathway. Targeting integrin αvβ6 in IL-8 expressing tumors might be a potential therapeutic strategy for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fengkai Sun
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou 256603, Shandong, China
| | - Weibo Niu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Enyu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jiayong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Huijie Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Benjia Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengchuan Niu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xueqing Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Niu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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CXC and CC chemokines as angiogenic modulators in nonhaematological tumors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:768758. [PMID: 24971349 PMCID: PMC4058128 DOI: 10.1155/2014/768758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are a superfamily of structurally homologous heparin-binding proteins that includes potent inducers and inhibitors of angiogenesis. The imbalance between angiogenic and angiostatic chemokine activities can lead to abnormalities, such as chronic inflammation, dysplastic transformation, and even tumor development and spreading. In this review, we summarize the current literature regarding the role of chemokines as modulators of tumor angiogenesis and their potential role as therapeutic targets in patients with nonhaematological tumors.
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Wang J, Taylor A, Showeil R, Trivedi P, Horimoto Y, Bagwan I, Ewington L, Lam EWF, El-Bahrawy MA. Expression profiling and significance of VEGF-A, VEGFR2, VEGFR3 and related proteins in endometrial carcinoma. Cytokine 2014; 68:94-100. [PMID: 24845798 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis plays a key role in the progression of various tumors, including endometrial carcinomas. Several cytokines and their associated receptors are shown to be involved, particularly VEGF-A with VEGFR1, -2 and -3. METHODS The expressions of VEGF-A, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 were studied in by immunohistochemistry in 76 endometrial carcinoma specimens. VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 receptor expression were also studied by qRT-PCR in 17 tumors in comparison to normal endometrium. The expression profiles were correlated with tumor type, grade, stage, lymphovascular invasion, disease free survival, and the expressions of other cytokine receptors (EGFR, CXCR1 and CXCR2). RESULTS Immunohistochemically, 63% of endometrial cancers expressed VEGF-A, 55% VEGFR2 and 26% VEGFR3. VEGFR3 was significantly correlated with tumor stage (p=0.02), with a trend towards poorer disease free survival (p=0.09). VEGF-A was significantly correlated with microvessel density (p<0.01). Using qRT-PCR, increased expression of VEGFR2 (17.2-fold) and VEGFR3 (21.9-fold) was seen in endometrial carcinomas compared with normal endometrium, with significant correlations among the expression levels of VEGFR2, VEGFR3, EGFR, CXCR1 and CXCR2. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that evaluation of VEGFR3 expression in tumors may provide prognostic data, and help identify patients who would best benefit from anti-angiogenic therapeutic agents. This is the first report showing correlations between the expressions levels of the different receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayson Wang
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, UK.
| | | | - Rania Showeil
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, UK.
| | | | | | - Izhar Bagwan
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK.
| | | | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Oncology, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Mona A El-Bahrawy
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, UK; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt.
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Ding H, Cai J, Mao M, Fang Y, Huang Z, Jia J, Li T, Xu L, Wang J, Zhou J, Yang Q, Wang Z. Tumor-associated macrophages induce lymphangiogenesis in cervical cancer via interaction with tumor cells. APMIS 2014; 122:1059-69. [PMID: 24698523 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Our studies were conducted to investigate the clinical and functional significance of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in cervical tumor lymphatic metastasis. We found that the increase in macrophages in tumor stroma is significantly associated with lymphatic metastasis (p = 0.017), through performing immunohistochemical staining in 111 cervical samples (55 invasive squamous carcinomas of uterine cervix, 27 cervical intraepithelial neoplasms III, and 29 normal cervix). The human lymphatic endothelial cells (HLEC), which were cultured in conditioned medium of cervical cancer cell-macrophage coculture, formed more tube-like structures in vitro, when compared with those in conditioned mediums of LEC, normal cervical epithelium, single macrophage, and single cervical cancer cell (all p < 0.001). The mRNA expressions of IL-1β and IL-8 in cervical cancer cells cocultured with macrophages were increased, compared with those in cervical cancer cell cultured alone (pIL-1β < 0.05 and pIL-8 < 0.01). Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-A was increased in macrophages cocultured with cervical cancer cells, compared with the expression in those macrophages cultured alone (both p < 0.05). Taken together, the results suggest that TAMs promote lymphangiogenesis mainly through interaction with surrounding cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Aoyagi K, Kouhuji K, Miyagi M, Kizaki J, Isobe T, Hashimoto K, Shirouzu K. Molecular targeting therapy using bevacizumab for peritoneal metastasis from gastric cancer. World J Crit Care Med 2013; 2:48-55. [PMID: 24701416 PMCID: PMC3953874 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v2.i4.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To clarify the significance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in peritoneal metastasis from gastric cancer, using the gastric cancer cell line MKN-45 compared with the high potential peritoneal dissemination gastric cancer cell line MKN-45P.
METHODS: The supernatant of culture medium of MKN-45 cells or MKN-45P cells was collected and the concentrations were measured of various cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, growth factor and angiogenic factors, including VEGF. We performed an initial pilot study to explore whether bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against VEGF, had any suppressive effect on the peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer in an experimental nude mouse model of peritoneal metastasis.
RESULTS: The concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, VEGF and matrix metalloproteinase-2 protein in the culture supernatant were each significantly higher than each of those for MKN-45. In the in vivo study, the volume of ascites and the mitotic index were significantly lower in the therapy group than in the non-therapy group. The survival curve of the therapy group was significantly higher than that of the non-therapy group. These results suggested that VEGF was correlated with peritoneal metastasis from gastric cancer.
CONCLUSION: Findings suggested that bevacizumab for inhibiting VEGF could suppress peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer.
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Abstract
The discovery of Helicobacter pylori overturned the conventional dogma that the stomach was a sterile organ and that pH values<4 were capable of sterilizing the stomach. H. pylori are an etiological agent associated with gastritis, hypochlorhydria, duodenal ulcers, and gastric cancer. It is now appreciated that the human stomach supports a bacterial community with possibly 100s of bacterial species that influence stomach homeostasis. Other bacteria colonizing the stomach may also influence H. pylori-associated gastric pathogenesis by creating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and modulating inflammatory responses. In this review, we summarize the available literature concerning the gastric microbiota in humans, mice, and Mongolian gerbils. We also discuss the gastric perturbations, many involving H. pylori, that facilitate the colonization by bacteria from other compartments of the gastrointestinal tract, and identify risk factors known to affect gastric homeostasis that contribute to changes in the microbiota.
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Berberine counteracts enhanced IL-8 expression of AGS cells induced by evodiamine. Life Sci 2013; 93:830-9. [PMID: 24063987 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although showing an anti-tumor activity, evodiamine also up-regulated IL-8 production of human gastric cancer AGS cells. This study aimed to assess this effect and to examine whether co-administration with berberine counteracts it. MAIN METHODS MTT assay was used to assess the cell proliferation and adhesive ability. Flow cytometry was performed to measure the cell cycle distribution. Wound healing assay was used to detect the migration ability of cells. IL-8 production was determined by ELISA. Levels of mRNA expression of IL-8, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were measured by real-time PCR. Molecular pathways involved were evaluated by ELISA and western-blotting methods. KEY FINDINGS Evodiamine triggered proliferative inhibition and cell cycle arrest, and decreased migration of AGS cells. IL-8 expression and the adhesive ability of AGS cells to HUVECs were significantly increased by evodiamine, but were inhibited after being co-treated with berberine in AGS cells. As IL-8 was neutralized, increased adhesion of AGS cells to HUVECs induced by evodiamine was abolished. Berberine significantly suppressed the up-regulation of VCAM-1 and the down-regulation of ICAM-1 induced by evodiamine. Evodiamine provoked IL-8 secretion via ERK1/2, SAPK/JNK, JAK2 and AP-1 pathways which could be counteracted by berberine. SIGNIFICANCE Although showing anti-proliferative and anti-migratory activities in AGS cells, evodiamine displayed a potential tendency to promote metastasis of gastric cancer cells by increasing IL-8 secretion and adhesion molecules. However, berberine could counteract the side-effect and simultaneously keep anti-proliferative and anti-migratory properties of evodiamine on AGS cells, which reduces the risk to use evodiamine in therapy of gastric cancers.
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Cai X, Hu W, Zhang B, Dai N, Xu R, Qiu H, Wang D, Li Z, Jiang W. Genotyping of IL-8-251 T > A yields prognostic information in patients with gastric carcinoma. Biomarkers 2013; 18:559-64. [PMID: 23980896 PMCID: PMC3836392 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.745902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the association of the IL-8-251 T > A gene polymorphism with clinicopathological features and the prognostic role of the gene polymorphism in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. The gene polymorphism was detected by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method, followed by univariate and multivariate analyses to elicit its prognostic role. The frequency of IL-8-251 A/A, A/T and T/T genotypes were 11.0% (23/210), 43.8% (92/210) and 45.2% (95/210), respectively. The IL-8-251 gene polymorphism was closely correlated with depth of invasion (p = 0.007), grade of differentiation (p = 0.002) and TNM stage (p = 0.009). A/A genotype carriers showed more frequency of serosa involvement, low grade of differentiation and advanced stage of gastric carcinoma. IL-8-251 T > A gene polymorphism have no significant correlation with other clinicopathological features. The 5-year overall survival of IL-8-251 A/A genotype and T allele carriers were 30.8% and 59.2%, respectively. There is a significant discrepancy among the different genotype carriers. Multivariate analysis with the Cox regression model revealed that the IL-8-251 A/A genotype is an independent prognostic indicator (HR = 2.285, 95% Confidence Interval = 1.06-4.93, p = 0.035). We conclude that the IL-8-251 A/A genotype may indicate a poor prognosis for gastric adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , GuangZhou , China
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Liu L, Ma XL, Xiao ZL, Li M, Cheng SH, Wei YQ. Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in resected gastric cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:3089-97. [PMID: 22994715 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.7.3089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potential prognostic biomarker for patients with resected gastric cancer. However, its role remains controversial. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. METHODS Relevant literature was identified using Medline and survival data from published studies were collected following a methodological assessment. Quality assessment of eligible studies and meta-analysis of hazard ratio (HR) were performed to review the correlation of VEGF overexpression with survival and recurrence in patients with gastric cancer. RESULTS Our meta-analysis included 44 published studies with 4,794 resected patients. VEGF subtype for the prediction of overall survival (OS) included tissue VEGF (HR=2.13, 95% CI 1.71-2.65), circulating VEGF (HR=4.22, 95% CI 2.47-7.18), tissue VEGF-C (HR=2.21, 95% CI 1.58-3.09), tissue VEGF-D (HR=1.73, 95% CI 1.25-2.40). Subgroup analysis showed that HRs of tissue VEGF for OS were, 1.78 (95% CI 0.90-3.51) and 2.31 (95% CI 1.82-2.93) in non-Asians and Asians, respectively. The meta-analysis was also conducted for disease free survival (DFS) and disease specific survival (DSS). CONCLUSION Positive expression of tissue VEGF, circulating VEGF, VEGF-C and VEGF-D were all associated with poor prognosis in resected gastric cancer. However, VEGF demonstrated no significant prognostic value for non-Asian populations. Circulating VEGF may be better than tissue VEGF in predicting prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Strickertsson JAB, Desler C, Martin-Bertelsen T, Machado AMD, Wadstrøm T, Winther O, Rasmussen LJ, Friis-Hansen L. Enterococcus faecalis infection causes inflammation, intracellular oxphos-independent ROS production, and DNA damage in human gastric cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63147. [PMID: 23646188 PMCID: PMC3639970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Achlorhydria caused by e.g. atrophic gastritis allows for bacterial overgrowth, which induces chronic inflammation and damage to the mucosal cells of infected individuals driving gastric malignancies and cancer. Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) can colonize achlohydric stomachs and we therefore wanted to study the impact of E. faecalis infection on inflammatory response, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondrial respiration, and mitochondrial genetic stability in gastric mucosal cells. Methods To separate the changes induced by bacteria from those of the inflammatory cells we established an in vitro E. faecalis infection model system using the gastric carcinoma cell line MKN74. Total ROS and superoxide was measured by fluorescence microscopy. Cellular oxygen consumption was characterized non-invasively using XF24 microplate based respirometry. Gene expression was examined by microarray, and response pathways were identified by Gene Set Analysis (GSA). Selected gene transcripts were verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Mitochondrial mutations were determined by sequencing. Results Infection of MKN74 cells with E. faecalis induced intracellular ROS production through a pathway independent of oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos). Furthermore, E. faecalis infection induced mitochondrial DNA instability. Following infection, genes coding for inflammatory response proteins were transcriptionally up-regulated while DNA damage repair and cell cycle control genes were down-regulated. Cell growth slowed down when infected with viable E. faecalis and responded in a dose dependent manner to E. faecalis lysate. Conclusions Infection by E. faecalis induced an oxphos-independent intracellular ROS response and damaged the mitochondrial genome in gastric cell culture. Finally the bacteria induced an NF-κB inflammatory response as well as impaired DNA damage response and cell cycle control gene expression. Transcript profiling Array Express accession number E-MEXP-3496.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper A. B. Strickertsson
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Desler
- Center for Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomas Martin-Bertelsen
- Department of Biology and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, The Bioinformatics Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Manuel Dantas Machado
- Center for Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torkel Wadstrøm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ole Winther
- Department of Biology and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, The Bioinformatics Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- DTU Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Juel Rasmussen
- Center for Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lennart Friis-Hansen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Eljaszewicz A, Wiese M, Helmin-Basa A, Jankowski M, Gackowska L, Kubiszewska I, Kaszewski W, Michalkiewicz J, Zegarski W. Collaborating with the enemy: function of macrophages in the development of neoplastic disease. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:831387. [PMID: 23576856 PMCID: PMC3613099 DOI: 10.1155/2013/831387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the profile of released mediators (such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, etc.), neoplastic cells modulate the activity of immune system, directly affecting its components both locally and peripherally. This is reflected by the limited antineoplastic activity of the immune system (immunosuppressive effect), induction of tolerance to neoplastic antigens, and the promotion of processes associated with the proliferation of neoplastic tissue. Most of these responses are macrophages dependent, since these cells show proangiogenic properties, attenuate the adaptive response (anergization of naïve T lymphocytes, induction of Treg cell formation, polarization of immune response towards Th2, etc.), and support invasion and metastases formation. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), a predominant component of leukocytic infiltrate, "cooperate" with the neoplastic tissue, leading to the intensified proliferation and the immune escape of the latter. This paper characterizes the function of macrophages in the development of neoplastic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Eljaszewicz
- Chair of Immunology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University of Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Kapahi R, Manjari M, Uppal MS, Singh NR, Sambyal V, Guleria K. Association of -2549 insertion/deletion polymorphism of vascular endothelial growth factor with breast cancer in North Indian patients. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2013; 17:242-8. [PMID: 23390884 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the present study was to assess the role of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -2549 insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in susceptibility to sporadic breast cancer. METHODS DNA samples of 94 breast cancer patients and 94 unrelated healthy control individuals with matched age and gender from the same geographical region of Punjab, North West India were screened for the -2549 I/D polymorphism. Serum VEGF-C (sVEGF-C) levels of breast cancer patients and healthy controls were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The frequency of the II, ID, and DD genotype was 23.40 versus 10.64%, 48.94 versus 52.13%, and 27.66 versus 37.23%, in patients and controls, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed for genotype distribution among the patients and controls (χ(2)=6.039, p=0.049). There was a significant increase in the I allele frequency in the patients as compared with controls (47.86 versus 36.70%, p=0.028). The sVEGF-C levels were also considerably higher in patients as compared to healthy controls (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The VEGF -2549 I/D polymorphism has a role in the susceptibility to breast cancer in the Amritsar region of Punjab, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhi Kapahi
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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Asfaha S, Dubeykovskiy AN, Tomita H, Yang X, Stokes S, Shibata W, Friedman RA, Ariyama H, Dubeykovskaya ZA, Muthupalani S, Ericksen R, Frucht H, Fox JG, Wang TC. Mice that express human interleukin-8 have increased mobilization of immature myeloid cells, which exacerbates inflammation and accelerates colon carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2013; 144:155-66. [PMID: 23041326 PMCID: PMC3990262 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Interleukin (IL)-8 has an important role in initiating inflammation in humans, attracting immune cells such as neutrophils through their receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. IL-8 has been proposed to contribute to chronic inflammation and cancer. However, mice do not have the IL-8 gene, so human cancer cell lines and xenograft studies have been used to study the role of IL-8 in colon and gastric carcinogenesis. We generated mice that carry a bacterial artificial chromosome that encompasses the entire human IL-8 gene, including its regulatory elements (IL-8Tg mice). METHODS We studied the effects of IL-8 expression in APCmin(+/-) mice and IL-8Tg mice given azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). We also examined the effects of IL-8 expression in gastric cancer in INS-GAS mice that overexpress gastrin and IL-8Tg mice infected with Helicobacter felis. RESULTS In IL-8Tg mice, expression of human IL-8 was controlled by its own regulatory elements, with virtually no messenger RNA or protein detectable under basal conditions. IL-8 was strongly up-regulated on systemic or local inflammatory stimulation, increasing mobilization of immature CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) myeloid cells (IMCs) with thioglycolate-induced peritonitis, DSS-induced colitis, and H. felis-induced gastritis. IL-8 was increased in colorectal tumors from patients and IL-8Tg mice compared with nontumor tissues. IL-8Tg mice developed more tumors than wild-type mice following administration of azoxymethane and DSS. Expression of IL-8 increased tumorigenesis in APCmin(+/-) mice compared with APCmin(+/-) mice that lack IL-8; this was associated with increased numbers of IMCs and angiogenesis in the tumors. CONCLUSIONS IL-8 contributes to gastrointestinal carcinogenesis by mobilizing IMCs and might be a therapeutic target for gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Asfaha
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Zuccari DAPDC, Leonel C, Castro R, Gelaleti GB, Jardim BV, Moscheta MG, Regiani VR, Ferreira LC, Lopes JR, Neto DDS, Esteves JL. An immunohistochemical study of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in breast cancer. Acta Histochem 2012; 114:571-6. [PMID: 22244449 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of prognostic markers for breast cancer is important for routine diagnosis and research. Interleukin-8 is a chemotactic cytokine produced by several cell types in response to inflammation, however, its expression, regulation and function are poorly understood. Recent studies have associated angiogenesis and inflammatory processes with tumor malignancy. The present study investigated the correlation between interleukin-8 expression and breast cancer prognosis. Interleukin-8 expression was assessed in 72 women with mammary neoplasia by immunohistochemistry and the results were statistically correlated with clinical-pathological findings. There was an inverse correlation between interleukin-8 expression and metastasis (p=0.03) and/or local recurrence (p=0.02). In the patient group that received post-surgery chemotherapy and radiotherapy, a lower interleukin-8 expression was found in those women that showed local recurrence (p=0.01). Multivariate logistic regression showed estrogen receptor negativity, progesterone positivity and metastasis with increased risk of death (p<0.05). The data reflect the complexity of the role of interleukin-8 in tumor microenvironment and support its classification as a possible prognostic marker, although more studies are necessary for its inclusion in clinical practice.
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Multifactorial etiology of gastric cancer. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2012. [PMID: 22359309 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-612-8_26.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of gastric cancer is associated with several factors including geographical location, diet, and genetic background of the host. However, it is evident that infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is crucial for the development of the disease. Virulence of the bacteria is also important in modulating the risk of the disease. After infection, H. pylori gains access to the gastric mucosa and triggers the production of cytokines that promote recruitment of inflammatory cells, probably involved in tissue damage. Once the infection is established, a cascade of inflammatory steps associated with changes in the gastric epithelia that may lead to cancer is triggered. H. pylori-induced gastritis and H. pylori-associated gastric cancer have been the focus of extensive research aiming to discover the underlying mechanisms of gastric tissue damage. This research has led to the association of host genetic components with the risk of the disease. Among these is the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in several genes, including cytokine genes, which are able to differentially modulate the production of inflammatory cytokines and then modulate the risk of gastric cancer. Interestingly, the frequency of some of these SNPs is different among populations and may serve as a predictive factor for gastric cancer risk within that specific population. However, the role played by other genetic modifications should not be minimized. Methylation of gene promoters has been recognized as a major mechanism of gene expression regulation without changing the primary structure of the DNA. Most DNA methylation occurs in cytosine residues in CpG dinucleotide, but it can also be found in other DNA bases. DNA methyltransferases add methyl groups to the CpG dinucleotide, and when this methylation level is too high, the gene expression is turned off. In H. pylori infection as well as in gastric cancer, hypermethylation of promoters of genes involved in cell cycle control, metabolism of essential nutrients, and production of inflammatory mediators, among others, has been described. Interestingly, DNA changes like SNPs or mutations can create CpG sites in sequences where transcription factors normally sit, affecting transcription.In this chapter, we review the literature about the role of SNPs and methylation on H. pylori infection and gastric cancer, with big emphasis to the H. pylori role in the development of the disease due to the strong association between both.
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Ewington L, Taylor A, Sriraksa R, Horimoto Y, Lam EWF, El-Bahrawy MA. The expression of interleukin-8 and interleukin-8 receptors in endometrial carcinoma. Cytokine 2012; 59:417-22. [PMID: 22626766 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which exerts its effects via binding to 2 receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2 and is known to promote angiogenesis, mitogenesis and motogenesis in cancer. IL-8 is over expressed in endometrial carcinoma, but the expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 in endometrial carcinoma has not been previously investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of IL-8 receptors in endometrial carcinoma. The expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 was studied in endometrial carcinomas and normal endometrium by immunohistochemistry in 101 tumours. IL-8 and IL-8 receptor expression was also studied by Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in 17 tumours in comparison to normal endometrium. The expression profile was correlated to the clinico-pathological features of the tumours. Immunohistochemistry showed CXCR1 and CXCR2 were expressed in all cases of endometrial carcinoma, with CXCR1 showing stronger expression. There was a statistically significant correlation between CXCR2 staining intensity and tumour grade (P=0.012) and disease free survival (P=0.015) independently. On RT-qPCR, 14/17, 15/17 and 16/17 tumours showed significant increase in IL-8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 expression levels in comparison to normal endometrium, with median fold increase of 42-fold, 51-fold and 27-fold, respectively. This is the first report of the expression of IL-8 receptors in endometrial carcinoma and the results show an association between IL-8 and IL-8 receptors and the pathogenesis of endometrial carcinoma, and represent potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Li XJ, Peng LX, Shao JY, Lu WH, Zhang JX, Chen S, Chen ZY, Xiang YQ, Bao YN, Zheng FJ, Zeng MS, Kang TB, Zeng YX, Teh BT, Qian CN. As an independent unfavorable prognostic factor, IL-8 promotes metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and activation of AKT signaling. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1302-9. [PMID: 22610073 PMCID: PMC3405654 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has the highest metastatic potential among head and neck cancers. Distant metastasis is the major cause of treatment failure. The role of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in NPC progression remains unknown. Our multivariate survival analyses of 255 patients with NPC revealed that higher IL-8 expression in primary NPC tissue was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival, disease-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival of the patients. In vitro study revealed that IL-8 was highly expressed in the established high-metastasis NPC clone S18 relative to the low-metastasis cells. Suppression of IL-8 by short-hairpin RNA reduced the expression of IL-8 in S18 cells and subsequently inhibited migration, invasion, and hepatic metastasis of the cells without influencing cellular growth. Overexpression of IL-8 in S26 cells resulted in increased migration, invasion, and metastasis capabilities of the cells without affecting cellular growth. Exogenous IL-8 enhanced the migration and invasion of low-metastasis CNE-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. An epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) could be induced by IL-8 in various NPC cell lines. The high level of phosphorylated AKT in S18 cells could be suppressed by knocking down IL-8 expression. Further, IL-8-promoted migration and invasion could be abolished by either the application of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 or the knock down of AKT expression by using small-interfering RNA. In summary, IL-8 serves as an independent prognostic indicator of overall survival, disease-free survival, and metastasis-free survival for patients with NPC. IL-8 promotes NPC metastasis via autocrine and paracrine means, involving activation of AKT signaling and inducing EMT in NPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P R China
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer is the leading cause of death from gastrointestinal malignancy in the US. Chemokines and their receptors are being recognized as key regulators of cancers and increasingly as therapeutic targets for metastatic cancers, including colorectal cancer. Several studies have demonstrated that IL-8 and its receptor CXCR2 are two of the most significantly upregulated chemokines in colorectal cancer. IL-8 through binding to its receptors can act not only on inflammatory responses and infectious diseases, but also on cancer cells via their receptors to promote migration, invasion and proliferation, and in vivo angiogenesis. Therefore, IL-8 and CXCR2 may be important therapeutic targets against colorectal cancer. AREAS COVERED This review provides an update on the roles of IL-8 and its receptors in colorectal cancer preclinical models and translational relevance: i) Increased expression of IL-8 and/or its receptors has been characterized in colon cancer cells; ii) IL-8 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer cells; iii) targeting IL-8 expression, or receptor-targeted strategies in colorectal cancer, eliminates the redundant function of IL-8 signaling and determines the effects of suppressing IL-8 signaling on tumor progression and development. EXPERT OPINION IL-8 and its receptor CXCR2 may function as significant regulatory factors within the tumor microenvironment and be important therapeutic targets in colorectal cancers. Not only may they lead to antitumor properties, but also they may chemosensitize the tumor toward the current chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ning
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Sharon A. Carpenter Laboratory , 1441 Eastlake Ave, Suite3456, Los Angeles, CA 90089 , USA +323 865 3955 ; +1 323 865 0061 ;
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Eiró N, Vizoso FJ. Inflammation and cancer. World J Gastrointest Surg 2012; 4:62-72. [PMID: 22530080 PMCID: PMC3332223 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v4.i3.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence supporting the hypothesis that inflammation participates in providing conditions that lead to cancer. An unresolved inflammation due to any failure in the precise control of the immune response can continue to perturb the cellular microenvironment, thereby leading to alterations in cancer-related genes and posttranslational modification in crucial cellular proteins involved in the cell cycle, DNA repair and apoptosis. In addition, there are data indicating that inflammatory cells and immunomodulatory mediators present in the tumor microenvironment influence tumor progression and metastasis. Historically, tumor-infiltrating leukocytes have been considered to be manifestations of an intrinsic defence mechanism against developing tumors. However, increasing evidence indicates that leukocyte infiltration can promote tumor phenotypes, such as angiogenesis, growth and invasion. This may be due to inflammatory cells that probably can influence cancer promotion by secreting cytokines, growth factors, chemokines and proteases, which stimulate proliferation and invasiveness of cancer cells. Consequently, events and molecules implicated in this cross talk between the tumor microenvironment and inflammatory process may emerge as attractive targets in anticancer therapeutic interventions with significant clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Eiró
- Noemí Eiró, Francisco J Vizoso, Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, 33290 Gijón, Asturias, Spain
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Kuai WX, Wang Q, Yang XZ, Zhao Y, Yu R, Tang XJ. Interleukin-8 associates with adhesion, migration, invasion and chemosensitivity of human gastric cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:979-85. [PMID: 22408359 PMCID: PMC3297059 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i9.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the relationship between Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion and chemosensitivity of gastric cancer (GC) cells.
METHODS: The IL-8 cDNA was stably transfected into human GC cell line MKN-45 and selected IL-8-secreting transfectants. The expression of IL-8 in human GC cell line KATO-III was inhibited by RNA interference. The expressions of mRNA and protein of IL-8 in GC cells were detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS: The overexpression of IL-8 resulted in an increased cell adhesion, migration and invasion, and a significant resistance to oxaliplatin in MKN-45 cells. Inhibition of IL-8 expression with small interfering RNA decreased the adhesion, migration and invasion functions and oxaliplatin resistance in KATO-III cells. IL-8 increased NF-κB and Akt activities and adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and CD44 expression in GC cells.
CONCLUSION: Overexpression of IL-8 promotes the adhesion, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance of GC cells, indicating that IL-8 is an important therapeutic target in GC.
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