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Briceño-Morales X, Briceño-Morales C, Guerrero-Macías SI, Pedroza-Durán AM, Súarez-Rodríguez RA. Revisiting the indication for prophylactic contralateral mastectomy in patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome and breast cancer. Case report. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE OBSTETRICIA Y GINECOLOGIA 2021; 72:307-318. [PMID: 34851573 PMCID: PMC8603825 DOI: 10.18597/rcog.3690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective To describe the case of a patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) and breast cancer in whom the benefit of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) was challenged; and to offer a critical discussion regarding the evidence supporting this procedure in this patient population. Case presentation A 37-year-old woman with breast cancer and a family history of multiple early onset cancer of the LFS spectrum in whom a pathogenic variant of the TP53 gene was confirmed during adjuvant hormonal therapy. The case was presented during the multidisciplinary meeting of the Breast Service of a referral oncology center in Colombia, in order to discuss the benefit of CPM. The decision of the board meeting was not to perform CPM. After 30 months of follow-up, the patient is disease-free. Conclusion There is no evidence on the impact of CPM on survival of patients with LFS and breast cancer in particular. However, in light of the current knowledge, it is not possible to generalize the approach of withholding this prophylactic surgery. It is important to report those cases in which the decision is made to either perform or omit this procedure in order to increase the body of evidence, considering the limitations that make it difficult to build large cohorts or conduct trials exclusively for this genetic disorder.
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Seagle BLL, Eng KH, Dandapani M, Yeh JY, Odunsi K, Shahabi S. Survival of patients with structurally-grouped TP53 mutations in ovarian and breast cancers. Oncotarget 2016. [PMID: 26215675 PMCID: PMC4621916 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if ovarian cancer patients with a TP53 mutation grouped by location of the mutation within the p53 protein structure exhibit differential survival outcomes. Data from patients with high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGS OvCa) (N = 316) or breast cancer (BrCa) (N = 981) sequenced by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was studied by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards survival analysis. A TP53 DNA binding domain (BD) missense mutation (MM) occurred in 58.5% (185/316) of HGS OvCas and 16.8% (165/981) of BrCas. Patients with a TP53 DNA BD MM grouped by structural location had significantly different overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). Median OS (months) of HGS OvCa patients by structural group were: Sheet-loop-helix stabilizers, 31.1; DNA minor groove residue R248, 33.6; Wild-type, 34.2; all other MMs, 44.5; DNA major groove residues, 84.1, and zinc ion coordinating residues, 87.0 (log-rank p = 0.006). PFS of DNA major groove MM cases was longer than TP53 wild-type cases (19.1 versus 10.1 months, log-rank p = 0.038). HGS OvCa and BrCa patients with structurally-grouped TP53 DNA BD MMs have different survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon-Luke L Seagle
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Western Connecticut Health Network, Danbury, CT, USA
| | - Kevin H Eng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Monica Dandapani
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Western Connecticut Health Network, Danbury, CT, USA
| | - Judy Y Yeh
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Western Connecticut Health Network, Danbury, CT, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shohreh Shahabi
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prentice Women's Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Encinas G, Maistro S, Pasini FS, Katayama MLH, Brentani MM, Bock GHD, Folgueira MAAK. Somatic mutations in breast and serous ovarian cancer young patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2016; 61:474-83. [PMID: 26603012 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.61.05.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE our aim was to evaluate whether somatic mutations in five genes were associated with an early age at presentation of breast cancer (BC) or serous ovarian cancer (SOC). METHODS COSMIC database was searched for the five most frequent somatic mutations in BC and SOC. A systematic review of PubMed was performed. Young age for BC and SOC patients was set at ≤ 35 and ≤ 40 years, respectively. Age groups were also classified in < 30 years and every 10 years thereafter. RESULTS twenty six (1,980 patients, 111 younger) and 16 studies (598, 41 younger), were analyzed for BC and SOC, respectively. In BC, PIK3CA wild type tumor was associated with early onset, not confirmed in binary regression with estrogen receptor (ER) status. In HER2-negative tumors, there was increased frequency of PIK3CA somatic mutation in older age groups; in ER-positive tumors, there was a trend towards an increased frequency of PIK3CA somatic mutation in older age groups. TP53 somatic mutation was described in 20% of tumors from both younger and older patients; PTEN, CDH1 and GATA3 somatic mutation was investigated only in 16 patients and PTEN mutation was detected in one of them. In SOC, TP53 somatic mutation was rather common, detected in more than 50% of tumors, however, more frequently in older patients. CONCLUSION frequency of somatic mutations in specific genes was not associated with early-onset breast cancer. Although very common in patients with serous ovarian cancer diagnosed at all ages, TP53 mutation was more frequently detected in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselly Encinas
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Maistro
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, FM, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Geertruida Hendrika de Bock
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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4
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Masica DL, Li S, Douville C, Manola J, Ferris RL, Burtness B, Forastiere AA, Koch WM, Chung CH, Karchin R. Predicting survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma from TP53 mutation. Hum Genet 2014; 134:497-507. [PMID: 25108461 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1470-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
For TP53-mutated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), the codon and specific amino acid sequence change resulting from a patient's mutation can be prognostic. Thus, developing a framework to predict patient survival for specific mutations in TP53 would be valuable. There are many bioinformatics and functional methods for predicting the phenotypic impact of genetic variation, but their overall clinical value remains unclear. Here, we assess the ability of 15 different methods to predict HNSCC patient survival from TP53 mutation, using TP53 mutation and clinical data from patients enrolled in E4393 by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), which investigated whether TP53 mutations in surgical margins were predictive of disease recurrence. These methods include: server-based computational tools SIFT, PolyPhen-2, and Align-GVGD; our in-house POSE and VEST algorithms; the rules devised in Poeta et al. with and without considerations for splice-site mutations; location of mutation in the DNA-bound TP53 protein structure; and a functional assay measuring WAF1 transactivation in TP53-mutated yeast. We assessed method performance using overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) from 420 HNSCC patients, of whom 224 had TP53 mutations. Each mutation was categorized as "disruptive" or "non-disruptive". For each method, we compared the outcome between the disruptive group vs. the non-disruptive group. The rules devised by Poeta et al. with or without our splice-site modification were observed to be superior to others. While the differences in OS (disruptive vs. non-disruptive) appear to be marginally significant (Poeta rules + splice rules, P = 0.089; Poeta rules, P = 0.053), both algorithms identified the disruptive group as having significantly worse PFS outcome (Poeta rules + splice rules, P = 0.011; Poeta rules, P = 0.027). In general, prognostic performance was low among assessed methods. Further studies are required to develop and validate methods that can predict functional and clinical significance of TP53 mutations in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Masica
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Computational Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,
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Sato K, Hara T, Ohya M. The code structure of the p53 DNA-binding domain and the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Bioinformatics 2013; 29:2822-5. [PMID: 23986567 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btt497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION The tumor-suppressor gene TP53 mutations are diverse in the central region encoding the DNA-binding domain. It has not been clear whether the prognostic significance for survival in breast cancer patients is the same for all types of mutations. Are there specific types of mutations carrying a worse prognosis? To understand the correlation between the mutations in the gene encoding the DNA-binding domain and the prognosis of breast cancer, we studied the code structure of the DNA-binding domain of breast cancer patients by using various artificial codes in information transmission. RESULTS We indicated that the prognostic significance of all types of mutations in the DNA-binding domain is not the same, and that the DNA-binding domain having a certain code structure is important for estimating the prognosis of breast cancer patients. CONTACT keiko@is.noda.tus.ac.jp or hara@is.noda.tus.ac.jp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Sato
- Department of Information Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Boulaiz H, Álvarez PJ, Prados J, Marchal J, Melguizo C, Carrillo E, Peran M, Rodríguez F, Ramírez A, Ortíz R, Aránega A. gef gene expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells is associated with a better prognosis and induction of apoptosis by p53-mediated signaling pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:7445-58. [PMID: 22174609 PMCID: PMC3233415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12117445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer research has developed rapidly in the past few decades, leading to longer survival times for patients and opening up the possibility of developing curative treatments for advanced breast cancer. Our increasing knowledge of the biological pathways associated with the progression and development of breast cancer, alongside the failure of conventional treatments, has prompted us to explore gene therapy as an alternative therapeutic strategy. We previously reported that gef gene from E. coli has shown considerable cytotoxic effects in breast cancer cells. However, its action mechanism has not been elucidated. Indirect immunofluorescence technique using flow cytometry and immunocytochemical analysis were used to detect breast cancer markers: estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) hormonal receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 proto-oncogene (c-erbB-2), ki-67 antigen and p53 protein. gef gene induces an increase in ER and PR expressions and a decrease in ki-67 and c-erbB-2 gene expressions, indicating a better prognosis and response to treatment and a longer disease-free interval and survival. It also increased p53 expression, suggesting that gef-induced apoptosis is regulated by a p53-mediated signaling pathway. These findings support the hypothesis that the gef gene offers a new approach to gene therapy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houria Boulaiz
- Basic Cardiovascular Research Section, Department of Anatomy and Human Embriology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada E-18012, Spain; E-Mails: (P.J.A.); (J.P.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (E.C.); (F.R.)
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), Granada 18100, Spain; E-Mails: (A.R.); (R.O.)
| | - Pablo J. Álvarez
- Basic Cardiovascular Research Section, Department of Anatomy and Human Embriology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada E-18012, Spain; E-Mails: (P.J.A.); (J.P.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (E.C.); (F.R.)
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), Granada 18100, Spain; E-Mails: (A.R.); (R.O.)
| | - Jose Prados
- Basic Cardiovascular Research Section, Department of Anatomy and Human Embriology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada E-18012, Spain; E-Mails: (P.J.A.); (J.P.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (E.C.); (F.R.)
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), Granada 18100, Spain; E-Mails: (A.R.); (R.O.)
| | - Juan Marchal
- Basic Cardiovascular Research Section, Department of Anatomy and Human Embriology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada E-18012, Spain; E-Mails: (P.J.A.); (J.P.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (E.C.); (F.R.)
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), Granada 18100, Spain; E-Mails: (A.R.); (R.O.)
| | - Consolación Melguizo
- Basic Cardiovascular Research Section, Department of Anatomy and Human Embriology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada E-18012, Spain; E-Mails: (P.J.A.); (J.P.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (E.C.); (F.R.)
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), Granada 18100, Spain; E-Mails: (A.R.); (R.O.)
| | - Esmeralda Carrillo
- Basic Cardiovascular Research Section, Department of Anatomy and Human Embriology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada E-18012, Spain; E-Mails: (P.J.A.); (J.P.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (E.C.); (F.R.)
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), Granada 18100, Spain; E-Mails: (A.R.); (R.O.)
| | - Macarena Peran
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), Granada 18100, Spain; E-Mails: (A.R.); (R.O.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Fernando Rodríguez
- Basic Cardiovascular Research Section, Department of Anatomy and Human Embriology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada E-18012, Spain; E-Mails: (P.J.A.); (J.P.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (E.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Alberto Ramírez
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), Granada 18100, Spain; E-Mails: (A.R.); (R.O.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Raúl Ortíz
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), Granada 18100, Spain; E-Mails: (A.R.); (R.O.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Antonia Aránega
- Basic Cardiovascular Research Section, Department of Anatomy and Human Embriology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada E-18012, Spain; E-Mails: (P.J.A.); (J.P.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (E.C.); (F.R.)
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), Granada 18100, Spain; E-Mails: (A.R.); (R.O.)
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Prise en charge du cancer du sein infiltrant de la femme âgée de 40 ans ou moins. ONCOLOGIE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10269-011-2078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor is a transcription factor that contains a single zinc ion near its DNA binding interface. Zn(2+) is required for site-specific DNA binding and proper transcriptional activation. In addition to its functional significance, zinc plays a dominant role in determining whether p53 folds productively or misfolds. Insufficient zinc and excess zinc cause p53 to misfold by distinct mechanisms which both result in functional loss. The zinc-binding status of p53 in the cell is impacted significantly by the presence of tumorigenic mutations and by metal ion homeostasis. This review discusses mechanisms by which zinc modulates folding and misfolding of p53, how improper metal binding and release leads to loss of function and cancer, and how misfolding can be rescued by metallochaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart N Loh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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9
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Makwane N, Saxena A. Study of mutations in p53 tumour suppressor gene in human sporadic breast cancers. Indian J Clin Biochem 2009; 24:223-8. [PMID: 23105839 PMCID: PMC3453316 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-009-0042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Using Polymerase Chain Reaction followed by Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism analysis, we studied thirty seven cases of primary human breast cancer for the presence of mutations in exons 5 and 7 of p53 tumour suppressor gene. Only one of the thirty seven tumours tested (2.7%) showed the electrophoretic mobility shift indicative of a mutation in exon 5 of the p53gene, while no such mobility shift was noted in exon 7. Our finding is in contrast to the findings in previous studies, wherein the mutation frequency has been reported to be 13-30% by direct DNA analysis. This may be related to the ethnicity and local population prevalence rather than technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naina Makwane
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Geeta Colony, New Delhi, 110031 India
| | - Alpana Saxena
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, 110001 India
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Shing DC, Trubia M, Marchesi F, Radaelli E, Belloni E, Tapinassi C, Scanziani E, Mecucci C, Crescenzi B, Lahortiga I, Odero MD, Zardo G, Gruszka A, Minucci S, Di Fiore PP, Pelicci PG. Overexpression of sPRDM16 coupled with loss of p53 induces myeloid leukemias in mice. J Clin Invest 2008; 117:3696-707. [PMID: 18037989 DOI: 10.1172/jci32390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic expression of the abnormal products of acute myeloid leukemia-associated (AML-associated) primary chromosomal translocations in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells initiates leukemogenesis in mice, yet additional mutations are needed for leukemia development. We report here aberrant expression of PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) in AML cells with either translocations of 1p36 or normal karyotype. These carried, respectively, relatively high prevalence of mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene and in the nucleophosmin (NPM) gene, which regulates p53. Two protein isoforms are expressed from PRDM16, which differ in the presence or absence of the PR domain. Overexpression of the short isoform, sPRDM16, in mouse bone marrow induced AML with full penetrance, but only in the absence of p53. The mouse leukemias were characterized by multilineage cellular abnormalities and megakaryocyte dysplasia, a common feature of human AMLs with 1p36 translocations or NPM mutations. Overexpression of sPRDM16 increased the pool of HSCs in vivo, and in vitro blocked myeloid differentiation and prolonged progenitor life span. Loss of p53 augmented the effects of sPRDM16 on stem cell number and induced immortalization of progenitors. Thus, overexpression of sPRDM16 induces abnormal growth of stem cells and progenitors and cooperates with disruption of the p53 pathway in the induction of myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle C Shing
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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Callaghan KA, Becker TE, Ellsworth DL, Hooke JA, Ellsworth RE, Shriver CD. Genomic instability and the development of metastatic lymph node tumors. Ann Surg Oncol 2007; 14:3125-32. [PMID: 17653592 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-007-9504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2007] [Revised: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although recent data suggest that cells with metastatic potential disseminate from the primary breast tumor early in tumor development, the mechanism by which disseminated breast cancer cells proliferate within foreign tissues is not well understood. Here, we examined levels and patterns of allelic imbalance (AI) in metastatic lymph node (LN) tumors to identify molecular signals that promote the survival and growth of disseminated breast tumor cells. METHODS DNA from 106 metastatic LN tumors from 25 patients was isolated after laser microdissection of pure tumor cell populations. AI was assessed at 26 chromosomal regions frequently altered in breast cancer. Tumor burden was calculated by dividing the area of the metastatic tumor in the node by the area of the entire LN. RESULTS Metastatic tumor burden ranged from focal to complete replacement of the LN with tumor. Grouping the nodes as < 25% tumor, 25-50% tumor, 50-75% tumor, and > or = 75% tumor replacement revealed the average frequency of AI ranged from 0.13 (+/-0.11) in the < 25% group to 0.17 (+/-0.13) in LNs with > or = 75% tumor burden. The range of AI in both the < 25% and > 75% replacement group was 0.00-0.48. Allelic losses at chromosomal regions 1p36.1-36.2, 5q21.1-21.3, 6q15, 10q23.31-23.33, and 17p13.1 were significantly higher in metastatic LNs with > 75% compared with < 25% tumor burden. CONCLUSIONS In metastatic LNs, levels of AI were not associated with tumor burden, suggesting that accumulation of genetic changes is not coincidental with tumor growth; rather the accumulation of specific genetic changes is a prerequisite to the transformation of disseminated breast cells into metastatic LN tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Callaghan
- Clinical Breast Care Project, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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Lee SH, Kim SR, Park CH, Cho SJ, Choi YH. Loss of Heterozygosity of Chromosome 17p13 and p53 Expression in Invasive Ductal Carcinomas. J Breast Cancer 2006. [DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2006.9.4.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sook Hyun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Rae Kim
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Heun Park
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Jin Cho
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hee Choi
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Feki A, Irminger-Finger I. Mutational spectrum of p53 mutations in primary breast and ovarian tumors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2005; 52:103-16. [PMID: 15501075 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2004.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2004] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast and ovarian cancers, like other cancers, occur due to genetic damage. Research aimed to determine the specific genes involved in the development of breast and ovarian cancers will help to understand how normal breast and ovarian epithelial cells escape regulation of proliferation, apoptosis and senescence. It was determined that approximately 10% of ovarian cancers and 20-30% of breast cancers arise in women who have inherited mutations in cancer susceptibility genes such as BRCA1, BRCA2 and other DNA repair genes. The ability to perform genetic testing permits the identification of women at increased risk who can then be offered preventive strategies. The vast majority of ovarian and breast cancers are sporadic, presumably resulting from the accumulation of genetic damage over lifetime. Several genes involved in breast and ovarian carcinogenesis have been identified, most notably the p53 tumor suppressor. The recent availability of expression microarrays has facilitated the simultaneous screening of thousands of genes and this will extend further the understanding of molecular events involved in the dynamic development of ovarian and breast cancers. Then, all this knowledge could be translated into effective screening, surveillance, prevention, and treatment strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Feki
- Biology of Aging Laboratory and Monitoring Laboratory, Department of Geriatrics, University and University Hospitals of Geneva, Chemin de Petit Bel Air 2, Chêne-Bourg, Geneva CH-1225, Switzerland
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Chunder N, Mandal S, Roy A, Roychoudhury S, Panda CK. Differential association of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes with some breast cancer-associated genes in early and late onset breast tumors. Ann Surg Oncol 2005; 11:1045-55. [PMID: 15576832 DOI: 10.1245/aso.2004.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence indicating more aggressive features of breast carcinoma (BC) in young women than their older counterparts have raised the question of whether these differences are present at the genetic level. METHODS For this purpose, we performed a comparative analysis of the frequency of deletions of BRCA1, BRCA2, BRCAX, TP53, ATM, and RB1 and amplification of Cyclin D1 and also studied the interrelation and prognostic significance of these genetic alterations in 30 early onset (< or =40 years) and 33 late onset (>40 years) cases of BC. These gene alterations were also studied in 11 other types of breast lesions. RESULTS A differential pattern of alterations (deletion/amplification) was observed in the two age groups, with the sequence in younger women being BRCA1 (72%), TP53 (71%), ATM (64%), BRCA2 (62%), RB1 (60%), Cyclin D1 (43%), and BRCAX (24%) and that in the older group being TP53 (66%), RB1 (63%), BRCA1 (56%), ATM (53%), BRCA2 (45%), Cyclin D1 (24%), and BRCAX (23%). Similar, differential correlations were also seen with several clinicopathological parameters, prognosis, and combinations of alterations among these genes in the two age groups. CONCLUSIONS Differential frequencies and interrelationships of genetic alterations and prognoses in these two age groups indicate that the molecular pathways for the development of tumors in both age groups may not be similar, though the ultimate effect is deregulation of cell cycle checkpoints and defects in the DNA repair pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelanjana Chunder
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
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15
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Linjawi A, Kontogiannea M, Halwani F, Edwardes M, Meterissian S. Prognostic significance of p53, bcl-2, and Bax expression in early breast cancer. J Am Coll Surg 2004; 198:83-90. [PMID: 14698315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2003.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast carcinoma is controversial, with most advocating its use in high-risk patients as defined by specific clinicopathologic parameters. Both bcl-2 and p53, which play a role in determining tumor growth by their effects on apoptosis and cell proliferation respectively, may serve to delineate this subset more accurately. The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic value of bcl-2, Bax, and mutant p53 in stage I breast cancer. STUDY DESIGN A total of 75 patients with stage Ic breast carcinoma diagnosed from 1989 to 1992 were identified retrospectively and clinicopathologic parameters such as age, tumor size, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status, disease-free survival and overall survival obtained. Paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed tissues were immunostained with bcl-2, Bax and p53 monoclonal antibodies using a standard avidin biotin peroxidase reaction. Stained slides were evaluated by two independent pathologists for staining intensity and percentage of cells staining positively. Cox regression was used for multivariate survival analysis using the clinicopathologic parameters and molecular markers. Chi-square tests were used for frequency tables. RESULTS Mean patient age was 58 years (range 29 to 79 years) with a median followup of 80 months from time of diagnosis. The most common histopathology was infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Neither bcl-2 nor Bax expression was associated statistically with disease-free or overall survival. Expression of mutant p53 was associated with a significant decrease in both 5-year disease-free survival (70% versus 98%, p </= 0.01 in multivariate analysis) and 5-year overall survival (74% versus 100%, p = 0.03). Expression of bcl-2 was associated with hormone receptor expression and tumor diploid status. Of tumors expressing bcl-2, 36 of 49 (73%) were ER+ (p = 0.017, versus tumors not expressing bcl-2, 6 of 15 [40%]), 22 of 49 (45%) PR+ (p = 0.027 versus tumors not expressing bcl-2, 2 of 15 [13%]) and 28 of 44 (64%) diploid (p = 0.004 versus tumors not expressing bcl-2, 1 of 9 [11%]). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that bcl-2 expression is significantly associated with hormonal receptor status and that p53 is a significant prognostic marker for survival in early breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Linjawi
- Division of General Surgery, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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16
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Weber-Mangal S, Sinn HP, Popp S, Klaes R, Emig R, Bentz M, Mansmann U, Bastert G, Bartram CR, Jauch A. Breast cancer in young women (?35 years): Genomic aberrations detected by comparative genomic hybridization. Int J Cancer 2003; 107:583-92. [PMID: 14520696 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic breast cancer in young women is different from the one in older patients regarding pathological features and aggressiveness of the tumors, but the spectrum of genetic alterations are largely unknown. We used comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to analyze DNA copy number changes in 88 tumor samples from women </=35 years of age. Findings were compared to histopathological data including tumor type, grading, lymph nodes and metastasis. Genomic gains clustered to chromosome arms 1q (64.8%), 8q (61.4%), 17q (50.0%), 20q (33.0%), 3q (20.5%), 1p (17.0%), 5p (17.0%) and 15q (17%). Losses were commonly located on 8p (19.3 %), 11q (11.4%), 16q (11.4%), 17p (11.4%) and 18q (10.2%). A comparison with published CGH data from breast carcinomas of similar type and grade showed the following differences: (1) gains were much more frequent than losses, and (2) losses on 8p22-p23 were more prevalent in patients with positive lymph node metastasis (p = 0.02), and Grade III tumors were associated with gains on the long arm of chromosome 8 (p = 0.01). Therefore, alterations in these genomic regions may be responsible for the reduced survival of patients with early onset breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/secondary
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Chromosome Aberrations
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/isolation & purification
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Gene Dosage
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neoplasms, Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary/genetics
- Neoplasms, Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary/pathology
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
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17
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer type in women and allelic loss constitutes one of the commonest genetic alterations in mammary neoplasias. Frequent detection of Loss of Heterozygosity indicates genes with putative tumour suppressor activity in breast carcinomas. Imbalance between two alleles might also be related with increased expression of an oncogene within a locus. Loci exhibiting frequent allelic loss in breast cancer have been detected, spread throughout the genome, and may contain genes with potential significance in breast carcinogenesis. Loss of Heterozygosity patterns in breast cancer give evidence for multiple clonality of the disease, and that accumulation of such lesions is probably implicated in disease development. Studies on deletions of known breast cancer genes suggest interactions with other common genetic events during disease initiation and progression. Allelic loss has been repeatedly associated with adverse characteristics and poor outcome in breast neoplasms. Detection of allelic loss in the serum of breast cancer patients and in premalignant breast lesions could herald the potential for diagnosis of the disease at an early, and thus curable, stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiros Miyakis
- Laboratory of Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete 71409, Greece
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18
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Goffin JR, Chappuis PO, Bégin LR, Wong N, Brunet JS, Hamel N, Paradis AJ, Boyd J, Foulkes WD. Impact of germline BRCA1 mutations and overexpression of p53 on prognosis and response to treatment following breast carcinoma: 10-year follow up data. Cancer 2003; 97:527-36. [PMID: 12548593 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.11080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of p53 has been associated with poor survival following breast carcinoma. BRCA1 interacts biochemically with p53 and may also contribute to poor outcome when constitutionally mutated. The joint effect of both abnormalities has not been studied. The primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of germline BRCA1 mutations and p53 overexpression on survival after 10 years of follow-up. METHODS A historical cohort of Ashkenazi Jewish women 65 years or younger with invasive breast carcinoma was tested for BRCA1 founder mutations. p53 overexpression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Clinicopathologic information was obtained by chart review. RESULTS In total, 278 women were analyzed. On univariate analysis, p53 overexpression (n = 63) was prognostic for worse overall survival (relative risk [RR] 2.6, P = 0.001) whereas BRCA1 germline mutations (n = 30) were of borderline significance (RR 1.9, P = 0.052). In the lymph node-negative subpopulation, BRCA1 mutation status conferred a higher mortality on univariate (RR 5.6, P < 0.001) and multivariate (RR 3.5, P = 0.03) analyses. There was a trend in favor of a worse prognosis for women who carried a germline BRCA1 mutation and whose tumor overexpressed p53. When compared with noncarriers, BRCA1 mutation carriers had a worse overall survival if they did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (RR 3.3, P= 0.01) or adjuvant hormonal therapy (RR 2.3, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Germline BRCA1 mutations and p53 overexpression carry a negative prognosis that is not additive to known prognostic factors. Given the experimental sensitivity of BRCA1-mutated cells to chemotherapy, the worse survival among BRCA1 mutation-carrying lymph node-negative breast carcinoma patients may be partly explained by the significantly lower proportion of lymph node-negative patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy (P < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Goffin
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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19
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Otis CN, Krebs PA, Albuquerque A, Quezado MM, San Juan X, Sobel ME, Merino MJ. Loss of heterozygosity of p53, BRCA1, VHL, and estrogen receptor genes in breast carcinoma: correlation with related protein products and morphologic features. Int J Surg Pathol 2002; 10:237-45. [PMID: 12490973 DOI: 10.1177/106689690201000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Correlation of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of p53, BRCA1, VHL, and estrogen receptor (ER) genes with the expression of related protein products and morphologic features predictive of aggressive biologic behavior was investigated to determine the significance of LOH in these genes. DNA from 35 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast carcinomas was obtained by microdissection of histologic sections. LOH was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers TP53, D3S1038, D17S855, and ESR for p53, VHL, BRCA1, and ER genes, respectively. p53, ER, and progesterone receptor (PR) protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Morphologic evaluation included histologic type, and histologic and nuclear grades. TP53 LOH was identified in 13 (52%), BRCA1 LOH in 3 (17%), VHL LOH in 1 (4%), and ER LOH in 4 (21%) of 25, 17, 24, and 19 informative cases, respectively. p53 and ER protein expression was identified in 20 (57%) and 25 (71%) cases, respectively. TP53 LOH directly correlated with both high histologic and nuclear grade (P<0.01). BRCA1, VHL, and ER LOH was not frequent enough for correlation to morphologic features. Although 4 of 4 ER and 7 of 13 p53 LOH cases expressed related proteins, LOH did not correlate with protein expression. TP53 LOH may be an event contributing to aggressive biologic behavior since it is strongly associated with high histologic and nuclear grade. Missense or nonsense mutations may explain the absence of detectable p53 protein in 6 of 13 cases with p53 LOH. All 4 ER LOH cases expressed ER protein. BRCA1 and VHL LOH is infrequent in sporadic breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N Otis
- Department of Pathology, Baystate Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
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20
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Abstract
TP53 is probably the most extensively studied tumour-suppressor gene, and patients with TP53 mutations are known to have a poor outcome. However, inconsistencies in the analysis of TP53 status, and failure to realize that different mutations behave in different ways, prevent us from effectively applying our vast knowledge of this protein in clinical practice. What simple steps can be taken to ensure that patients benefit from our understanding of TP53?
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Affiliation(s)
- T Soussi
- Institut Curie, Université P. & M. Curie, Laboratoire de Génotoxicologie des Tumeurs, Paris, France.
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21
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Gentile M, Ahnström M, Schön F, Wingren S. Candidate tumour suppressor genes at 11q23-q24 in breast cancer: evidence of alterations in PIG8, a gene involved in p53-induced apoptosis. Oncogene 2001; 20:7753-60. [PMID: 11753653 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2001] [Revised: 08/17/2001] [Accepted: 08/18/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
One of the most consistently deleted chromosomal regions in solid tumours is 11q23-q25, which consequently has been postulated to harbour one or more tumour suppressor loci. Despite large efforts to identify the responsible genes, the goal remains elusive, but as knowledge accumulates new candidates are emerging. The present study was undertaken in an attempt to assess the possible implication of four genes residing at 11q23-q24, in a population of early onset breast cancer (n=41). The coding sequence of PIG8, CHK1, LOH11CR2A and PPP2R1B were screened for mutations using the protein truncation test or single-strand conformational polymorphism, in combination with direct DNA sequencing. Varying proportions of alterations were detected, ranging from 6% in PPP2R1B to 39% in PIG8. Many of these changes were deletions, in some cases corresponding to complete exons, thus likely to represent splice variants, while others were presumed to arise from aberrant splicing, since they occurred at sites with resemblance to exon/intron borders. Considering only bona fide mutations, the highest alteration frequency (17%) was again found in PIG8. Most of these alterations were likely to have an adverse impact on the translated protein as they either altered the reading frame or affected phylogenetically conserved residues. Our data represent the first evidence of alterations in the PIG8 gene in human malignancies, a finding that substantiates its role as a potential tumour suppressor gene as suggested by its involvement in p53-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gentile
- Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of Oncology, University Hospital, S-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
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22
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Les cancers mammaires des femmes trisomiques 21. BULLETIN DE L ACADEMIE NATIONALE DE MEDECINE 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-4079(19)34447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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