1
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McGrory R, Clarke R, Marshall O, Sutherland A. Fluorescent α-amino acids via Heck-Matsuda reactions of phenylalanine-derived arenediazonium salts. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6932-6939. [PMID: 37580965 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01096a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The Heck-Matsuda coupling reaction of arenediazonium salts derived from L-phenylalanine with various alkenes has been developed. A two-step process involving the preparation of a tetrafluoroborate diazonium salt from a 4-aminophenylalanine derivative, followed by a palladium(0)-catalysed Heck-Matsuda coupling reaction allowed access to a range of unnatural α-amino acids with cinnamate, vinylsulfone and stilbene side-chains. Analysis of the photophysical properties of these unnatural α-amino acids demonstrated that the (E)-stilbene analogues exhibited fluorescent properties with red-shifted absorption and emission spectra and larger quantum yields than L-phenylalanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle McGrory
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, The Joseph Black Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Rebecca Clarke
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, The Joseph Black Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Olivia Marshall
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, The Joseph Black Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Andrew Sutherland
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, The Joseph Black Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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2
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Abietic, maleopimaric and quinopimaric dipeptide Ugi-4CR derivatives and their potency against influenza A and SARS-CoV-2. Nat Prod Res 2022; 37:1954-1960. [PMID: 35975755 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2112040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A set of 12 abietane diterpene derivatives have been synthesised by the Ugi-four component reaction (Ugi-4CR) and tested for cytotoxicity and activity against influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) and SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus. Five dipeptide derivatives demonstrated a selectivity index (SI) higher than 10 and IC50 values from 2 to 32 μM against influenza virus. Compound 11 was found to be a lead with SI of 200, and time-of-addition experiments showed the viral entry into the cell and the binding of the virus to the receptor as a possible target. Compound 7 was the only one showed weak anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity with EC50 value of 80.96 µM. Taken together, our data suggest the potency of diterpene acids-Ugi products as new effective anti-influenza compounds.
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3
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Mollica A, Stefanucci A, Costante R, Novellino E. Pyroglutamic Acid Derivatives: Building Blocks for Drug Discovery. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-14-800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Sidduri A, Tilley JW, Lou J, Tare N, Cavallo G, Frank K, Pamidimukkala A, Choi DS, Gerber L, Railkar A, Renzetti L. Identification of N-acyl 4-(5-pyrimidine-2,4-dionyl)phenylalanine derivatives and their orally active prodrug esters as dual-acting alpha4–beta1 and alpha4–beta7 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1026-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Tilley JW, Sidduri A, Lou J, Kaplan G, Tare N, Cavallo G, Frank K, Pamidimukkala A, Choi DS, Gerber L, Railkar A, Renzetti L. Identification of N-acyl 4-(3-pyridonyl)phenylalanine derivatives and their orally active prodrug esters as dual acting α4β1 and α4β7 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 23:1036-40. [PMID: 23312471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
From a series of N-acyl 4-(3-pyridonyl)phenylalanine derivatives of 4, the trifluoromethyl derivative 28 was identified as a potent, dual acting alpha4 integrin antagonist with activity in primate models of allergic asthma. Investigation of a series of prodrug esters led to the discovery of the morpholinopropyl derivative 48 that demonstrated good intestinal fluid stability, solubility and permeability. Compound 48 gave high blood levels of 28 when dosed orally in cynomolgus monkeys. Surprisingly, hydrolysis of 48 was rapid in liver microsomes from the pharmacological species, mouse, rat and monkey, but slow in dog and human; in vivo studies also indicated there was prolonged exposure to unchanged prodrug in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson W Tilley
- Discovery Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Drug Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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6
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Buruiana EC, Buruiana T. Synthesis and characterization of novel polyurethane cationomers with dipeptide sequences and alkylammonium groups. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 15:781-95. [PMID: 15255526 DOI: 10.1163/156856204774196162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic approach to polyurethane cationomers containing S-pyroglutamyl-S-glutamic acid dipeptide (S-PyGlu-S-Glu) and alkylammonium groups is presented. Two segmented polycations, based on polycaprolactone diol, isophorone diisocyanate and dipeptide together with N-methyldiethanolamine, subsequently quaternized with dodecylbromide, were synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy, GPC, DSC and reduced viscosity measurements. Such polycations exhibited excellent film forming properties and their soft elastomeric nature provides adequate physical properties. Optical rotation varying from +10 (monomer) to -15 (polycation) could be associated with a configuration pertubation through the asymmetric carbon atoms of glutamic residues. Susceptibility of the cationic surface to heparinization and then to blood-polymer interaction suggested an anticoagulant activity of the heparinized polymeric films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil C Buruiana
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
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7
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Znabet A, Blanken S, Janssen E, de Kanter FJJ, Helliwell M, Turner NJ, Ruijter E, Orru RVA. Stereoselective synthesis of N-aryl proline amides by biotransformation–Ugi-Smiles sequence. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:941-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06699d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Modeling the molecular basis for α4β1 integrin antagonism. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:5903-11. [PMID: 21889349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a 3D QSAR study of almost 300 structurally diverse small molecule antagonists of the integrin α4β1 whose biological activity spans six orders of magnitude. The alignment of the molecules was based on the conformation of a structurally related ligand bound to the αIIBβ3 and αvβ3 integrins in X-ray crystallographic studies. The molecular field method, CoMSIA, was used to generate the 3D QSAR models. The resulting models showed that the lipophilic properties were the most important, with hydrogen bond donor and steric properties less relevant. The models were highly significant (r(2)=0.89, q2(LOO)=0.67, r(2) (test set)=0.76), and could make robust predictions of the data (SEE=0.46, SEP=0.78, SEP (test set)=0.66). We predicted the antagonist activities of a further ten compounds with useful accuracy. The model appears capable of predicting α4β1 integrin antagonist activity to within a factor of five for compounds within its domain of applicability. The implications for design of improved integrin antagonists will be discussed.
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9
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Saku O, Ohta K, Arai E, Nomoto Y, Miura H, Nakamura H, Fuse E, Nakasato Y. Synthetic study of VLA-4/VCAM-1 inhibitors: synthesis and structure-activity relationship of piperazinylphenylalanine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 18:1053-7. [PMID: 18160288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 12/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To improve the poor pharmacokinetic characteristics of VLA-4 inhibitors, novel piperazinylphenylalanine derivatives were designed. This structure is expected to improve physicochemical properties by increasing overall basicity. By changing components at the 4-position of piperazine and the terminal group of the amido bond, 12t was found to be the most potent of this series of compounds. In addition, dichlorobenzoyl derivative 12aa exhibited better oral availability and showed efficacy in an in vivo model after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Saku
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd, 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Suntou-gun, Shizuoka 411-8731, Japan
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10
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Katritzky AR, Angrish P, Todadze E, Ghiviriga I. Expedient synthesis of N-Z-pyroglutamyl-amino acid derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:6000-2. [PMID: 17845849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 07/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
N-Z-pyroglutamyl pseudopeptides 3a-c are shown to be conveniently prepared from glutamyl-bis-Bt 1a by cyclization of an N-terminal glutamic acid residue. Structures are supported by 2D NMR studies and by comparison with the same products prepared by direct coupling of the C-terminus activated N-pGlu 1b and free amino acids 2a-c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
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11
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Spatial Screening for the Identification of the Bioactive Conformation of Integrin Ligands. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/128_052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Dyatkin AB, Gong Y, Miskowski TA, Kimball ES, Prouty SM, Fisher MC, Santulli RJ, Schneider CR, Wallace NH, Hornby PJ, Diamond C, Kinney WA, Maryanoff BE, Damiano BP, He W. Aza-bicyclic amino acid carboxamides as α4β1/α4β7 integrin receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:6693-702. [PMID: 16112583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2005] [Revised: 07/19/2005] [Accepted: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of N-carboxy, N-alkyl, and N-carboxamido azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane carboxamides were prepared and assayed for inhibition of alpha4beta1-VCAM-1 and alpha4beta7-MAdCAM-1 interactions. Potency and alpha4beta1/alpha4beta7 selectivity were sensitive to the substituent R1-R3 in the structures 6, 7, and 8. Several compounds demonstrated low nanomolar balanced alpha4beta1/alpha4beta7 in vitro activity. Two compounds were selected for in vivo leukocytosis studies and demonstrated increases in circulating lymphocytes up to 250% over control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey B Dyatkin
- Drug Discovery, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC., Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA.
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13
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14
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Dyatkin AB, Hoekstra WJ, Kinney WA, Kontoyianni M, Santulli RJ, Kimball ES, Fisher MC, Carolyn Fisher M, Prouty SM, Abraham WM, de Garavilla L, Andrade-Gordon P, Hlasta DJ, He W, Hornby PJ, Damiano BP, Maryanoff BE. Aza-bicyclic amino acid sulfonamides as alpha(4)beta(1)/alpha(4)beta(7) integrin antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:591-6. [PMID: 14741249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and biological activity of novel alpha(4)beta(1) and alpha(4)beta(7) integrin antagonists, containing a bridged azabicyclic nucleus, are reported. Conformational analysis of targets containing an azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane carboxylic acid and known integrin antagonists indicated that this azabicycle would be a suitable molecular scaffold. Variation of substituents on the pendant arylsulfonamide and phenylalanine groups resulted in potent alpha(4)beta(1)-selective and dual alpha(4)beta(1)/alpha(4)beta(7) antagonists. Potent compounds 11i, 11h, and 14 were effective in the antigen-sensitized sheep model of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey B Dyatkin
- Drug Discovery, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA.
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15
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Stasiak M, Mehlin C, Boni E, Vaisar T, Little T, Kim HO, Qabar M. Sulphonamide-based small molecule VLA-4 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 13:3875-8. [PMID: 14552799 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00760-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a sulphonamide by-product with VLA-4 antagonistic activity led to a series of potent, small molecule VLA-4 antagonists. Synthesis, SAR and in vivo evaluation of the selected compound will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stasiak
- Molecumetics, 2023 120th Avenue N E., Bellevue, WA 98005, USA
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16
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Doherty GA, Yang GX, Borges E, Tong S, McCauley ED, Treonz KM, Van Riper G, Pacholok S, Si Q, Koo GC, Shah K, Mumford RA, Hagmann WK. N-isonicotinoyl-(L)-4-aminophenylalanine derivatives as tight binding VLA-4 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:1891-5. [PMID: 12749892 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of isonicotinoyl-(L)-aminophenylalanine derivatives was prepared and evaluated as VLA-4 antagonists. These compounds exhibit subnanomolar binding affinity to VLA-4 and significant off-rates. The interplay between off-rate, protein binding and pharmacokinetics is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Doherty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Circulating lymphocytes normally migrate through extravascular spaces in relatively low numbers as important members of the immunosurveillance process. That is until signals are received by endothelial cells that there is an underlying infection or inflammatory condition. These vascular surface cells in turn overexpress and present ligands to circulating lymphocyte adhesion molecules. Upon encountering this higher density of ligands, lymphocytes, which had been leisurely rolling along the vascular surface, now become more firmly attached, change shape, and migrate through tight junctions to the sites of infection or inflammation. If the initiating events are not resolved and the condition becomes chronic, there can be a sustained extravasation of lymphocytes that can exacerbate the inflammatory condition, which in turn will continue to recruit more inflammatory cells resulting in unwanted tissue destruction. It is for the attenuation of this cycle of sustained inflammatory cell recruitment that very late activating antigen-4 (VLA-4) antagonists are being developed. Most lymphocytes, except neutrophils, express VLA-4 on their surface and they interact with endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). It is this interaction that VLA-4 antagonists are intended to disrupt, thus, putting an end to the cycle of chronic inflammation, which is the hallmark of many diseases. This review will provide an update of VLA-4 antagonists that have appeared since early 2001 and will discuss some of the issues, both positive and negative, that may be encountered in their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger X Yang
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07090, USA.
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18
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Gutteridge CE, de Laszlo SE, Kamenecka TM, McCauley E, van Riper G, Mumford RA, Kidambi U, Egger LA, Tong S, Hagmann WK. N-(3-phenylsulfonyl-3-piperidinoyl)-phenylalanine derivatives as potent, selective VLA-4 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:885-90. [PMID: 12617914 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)01077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The SAR of 1-sulfonyl-cyclopentyl carboxylic acid amides, ligands for the VLA-4 integrin, was investigated. This effort resulted in the identification of N-(3-phenylsulfonyl-3-piperidinoyl)-(L)-4-(2',6'-dimethoxyphenyl)phenylalanine 52 as a potent, selective VLA-4 antagonist (IC(50)=90 pM). Expansion of the SAR demonstrated that this structural unit can be used to identify a diverse series of sub-nanomolar antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Gutteridge
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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19
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Sidduri A, Tilley JW, Hull K, Lou JP, Kaplan G, Sheffron A, Chen L, Campbell R, Guthrie R, Huang TN, Huby N, Rowan K, Schwinge V, Renzetti LM. N-Cycloalkanoyl-L-phenylalanine derivatives as VCAM/VLA-4 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2475-8. [PMID: 12161161 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A systematic structure-activity relationship investigation of the lead compound 1 resulted the identification of several N-[(substituted alkyl)cycloalkanoyl]-4-[((2,6-dichlorophenyl)carbonyl)amino]-L-phenylalanine derivatives as potent VCAM/VLA-4 antagonists. The data are consistent with a model of these compounds in which these alkanoylphenylalanines reside in a compact gauche (-) bioactive conformation.
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20
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Sidduri A, Tilley JW, Lou JP, Chen L, Kaplan G, Mennona F, Campbell R, Guthrie R, Huang TN, Rowan K, Schwinge V, Renzetti LM. N-Aroyl-L-phenylalanine derivatives as VCAM/VLA-4 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2479-82. [PMID: 12161162 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-benzoyl-4-[(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)amino]-L-phenylalanine derivatives was prepared in order to optimize the substitution on the N-benzoyl moiety for VCAM/VLA-4 antagonist activity. Disubstitution in the 2- and 6-positions is favored and a range of small alkyl and halogen are tolerated. A model of the bioactive conformation of these compounds is proposed.
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21
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Kamenecka TM, Lanza T, de Laszlo SE, Li B, McCauley ED, Van Riper G, Egger LA, Kidambi U, Mumford RA, Tong S, MacCoss M, Schmidt JA, Hagmann WK. N-aryl-prolyl-dipeptides as potent antagonists of VLA-4. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2205-8. [PMID: 12127538 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of N-arylprolyl-dipeptide derivatives as small molecule VLA-4 antagonists is described. Potency against VLA-4 and alpha(4)beta(7) and rat pharmacokinetic evaluation revealed some advantages over the related N-(arylsulfonyl)-prolyl-dipeptide analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore M Kamenecka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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22
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Kaneko T, Clark RSJ, Ohi N, Kawahara T, Akamatsu H, Ozaki F, Kamada A, Okano K, Yokohama H, Muramoto K, Ohkuro M, Takenaka O, Kobayashi S. Inhibitors of adhesion molecules expression; the synthesis and pharmacological properties of 10H-pyrazino[2,3-b][1,4]benzothiazine derivatives. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:922-9. [PMID: 12130850 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During a search for novel, orally-active inhibitors of upregulation of adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), we found a new series of 10H-pyrazino[2,3-b][1,4]benzothiazine derivatives to be potent ICAM-1 inhibitors. Of these compounds, N-[1-(10H-Pyrazino[2,3-b][1,4]benzothiazin-8-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]-N',N'-dimethylsulfamide 7p showed the potent oral inhibitory activities against neutrophil migration in a murine interleukin-1 (IL-1) induced paw inflammation model. The synthesis and structure-activity relationships of these amide derivatives are described.
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23
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Chen L, Trilles R, Miklowski D, Huang TN, Fry D, Campbell R, Rowan K, Schwinge V, Tilley JW. Focused library approach for identification of new N-acylphenylalanines as VCAM/VLA-4 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1679-82. [PMID: 12039589 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A structure-based focused library approach was employed in an effort to identify more lipophilic replacements for the N-benzylpyroglutamyl group of the VCAM/VLA-4 antagonist 2. This effort led to the discovery of two new classes of potent antagonists characterized by the N-(alpha-phenylcyclopentanoyl- and the N-(2,6-dimethylbenzoyl)-derivatives 60 and 64.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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24
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Yang GX, Chang LL, Truong Q, Doherty GA, Magriotis PA, de Laszlo SE, Li B, MacCoss M, Kidambi U, Egger LA, McCauley E, Van Riper G, Mumford RA, Schmidt JA, Hagmann WK. N-Tetrahydrofuroyl-(L)-phenylalanine derivatives as potent VLA-4 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1497-500. [PMID: 12031328 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Given the proposed involvement of VLA-4 in inflammatory processes, a program to identify orally active VLA-4 antagonists was initiated. Herein, we report the discovery of a N-tetrahydrofuroyl-(L)-phenylalanine derivative (17) and related analogues as potent VLA-4 antagonists with good oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger X Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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25
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Yusuf-Makagiansar H, Anderson ME, Yakovleva TV, Murray JS, Siahaan TJ. Inhibition of LFA-1/ICAM-1 and VLA-4/VCAM-1 as a therapeutic approach to inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Med Res Rev 2002; 22:146-67. [PMID: 11857637 DOI: 10.1002/med.10001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on providing insights into the structural basis and clinical relevance of LFA-1 and VLA-4 inhibition by peptides and small molecules as adhesion-based therapeutic strategies for inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Interactions of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) play central roles in mediating immune and inflammatory responses. Leukocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1, alpha(L)beta(2), and CD11a/CD18) and very late antigen (VLA-4, alpha(4)beta(1), and CD49d/CD29) are members of integrin-type CAM that are predominantly involved in leukocyte trafficking and extravasation. LFA-1 is exclusively expressed on leukocytes and interacts with its ligands ICAM-1, -2, and -3 to promote a variety of homotypic and heterotypic cell adhesion events required for normal and pathologic functions of the immune systems. VLA-4 is expressed mainly on lymphocyte, monocytes, and eosinophils, but is not found on neutrophils. VLA-4 interacts with its ligands VCAM-1 and fibronectin (FN) CS1 during chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, psoriasis, transplant-rejection, and allergy. Blockade of LFA-1 and VLA-4 interactions with their ligands is a potential target for immunosuppression. LFA-1 and VLA-4 antagonists (antibodies, peptides, and small molecules) are being developed for controlling inflammation and autoimmune diseases. The therapeutic intervention of mostly mAb-based has been extensively studied. However, due to the challenging relative efficacy/safety ratio of mAb-based therapy application, especially in terms of systemic administration and immunogenic potential, strategic alternatives in the forms of peptide, peptide mimetic inhibitors, and small molecule non-peptide antagonists are being sought. Linear and cyclic peptides derived from the sequences of LFA-1, ICAM-1, ICAM-2, VCAM-1, and FN C1 have been shown to have inhibitory effects in vitro and in vivo. Finally, understanding the mechanism of LFA-1 and VLA-4 binding to their ligands has become a fundamental basis in developing therapeutic agents for inflammation and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Yusuf-Makagiansar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Simons Research Laboratory, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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Chen L, Tilley J, Trilles RV, Yun W, Fry D, Cook C, Rowan K, Schwinge V, Campbell R. N-acyl-L-phenylalanine derivatives as potent VLA-4 antagonists that mimic a cyclic peptide conformation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:137-40. [PMID: 11755339 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-benzylpyroglutamyl-L-phenylalanine derivatives bearing carbamoyl substituents in the 3- or 4-positions was prepared and assayed for inhibition of the interaction between VCAM and VLA-4. Potent inhibition was observed in a number of analogues with substitution in the 4-position favored over the 3-position. A crystal structure of the key intermediate 25 indicates that it accesses a low energy conformation which closely matches key pharmacophores of a structurally characterized cyclic peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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27
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Chang LL, Truong Q, Mumford RA, Egger LA, Kidambi U, Lyons K, McCauley E, Van Riper G, Vincent S, Schmidt JA, MacCoss M, Hagmann WK. The discovery of small molecule carbamates as potent dual alpha(4)beta(1)/alpha(4)beta(7) integrin antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:159-63. [PMID: 11755344 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00710-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The alpha(4)beta(1) and alpha(4)beta(7) integrins are implicated in several inflammatory disease states. Systematic SAR studies of an alpha(4)beta(1)-specific arylsulfonyl-Pro-Tyr lead led to the identification of a new alpha(4)beta(7) binding site, best captured by O-carbamates of Tyr for this structural class. Several compounds showed a 200- to 400-fold improvement in alpha(4)beta(7) binding affinity while maintaining subnanomolar alpha(4)beta(1) activity, for example 2l, VCAM-Ig alpha(4)beta(1) IC(50)=0.13 nM, VCAM-Ig alpha(4)beta(7) IC(50)=1.92 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Chang
- Department of Basic Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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28
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Lin LS, Lanza T, McCauley E, Van Riper G, Kidambi U, Cao J, Egger LA, Mumford RA, Schmidt JA, MacCoss M, Hagmann WK. Specific and dual antagonists of alpha(4)beta(1) and alpha(4)beta(7) integrins. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:133-6. [PMID: 11755338 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
N-(3,5-Dichlorophenylsulfonyl)-(R)-thioprolyl biarylalanine 10a has been identified as a potent and specific antagonist of the alpha(4)beta(1) integrin. Altering the configuration of thioproline from R to S led to a series of dual antagonists of alpha(4)beta(1) and alpha(4)beta(7), and the N-acetyl analogue 8b was found to be the most potent dual antagonist. A binding site model for alpha(4)beta(1) and alpha(4)beta(7) is proposed to explain the structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus S Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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29
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Synthesis of constrained l -phenylalanine derivatives incorporating a benzazepinone or an azepinone ring as VCAM/VLA-4 antagonists. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01926-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Tilley JW, Kaplan G, Rowan K, Schwinge V, Wolitzky B. Imide and lactam derivatives of N-benzylpyroglutamyl-L-phenylalanine as VCAM/VLA-4 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1-4. [PMID: 11140722 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of imides and lactams derived from 4-amino-N-benzylpyroglutamyl-L-phenylalanine was prepared and evaluated for activity as VCAM/VLA-4 antagonists. Imides were more potent than the corresponding lactams; several had subnanomolar IC50s in an ELISA based assay and were also highly effective at blocking VLA-4 expressing Ramos cell binding to VCAM coated plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Tilley
- Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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