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Schwarz A, Hecko S, Rudroff F, Kohrt JT, Howard RM, Winkler M. Cell-free in vitro reduction of carboxylates to aldehydes: With crude enzyme preparations to a key pharmaceutical building block. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2000315. [PMID: 33245607 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The scarcity of practical methods for aldehyde synthesis in chemistry necessitates the development of mild, selective procedures. Carboxylic acid reductases catalyze aldehyde formation from stable carboxylic acid precursors in an aqueous solution. Carboxylic acid reductases were employed to catalyze aldehyde formation in a cell-free system with activation energy and reducing equivalents provided through auxiliary proteins for ATP and NADPH recycling. In situ product removal was used to suppress over-reduction due to background enzyme activities, and an N-protected 4-formyl-piperidine pharma synthon was prepared in 61% isolated yield. This is the first report of preparative aldehyde synthesis with carboxylic acid reductases employing crude, commercially available enzyme preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schwarz
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Area Biotransformation, Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian Hecko
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jeffrey T Kohrt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Applied Synthesis Technologies - Biocatalysis, Groton, USA
| | - Roger M Howard
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Applied Synthesis Technologies - Biocatalysis, Groton, USA
| | - Margit Winkler
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Area Biotransformation, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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2
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Reilly SW, Bryan NW, Mach RH. Pd-catalyzed arylation of linear and angular spirodiamine salts under aerobic conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2017; 58:466-469. [PMID: 31762498 PMCID: PMC6874415 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Application of Buchwald-Hartwig catalysis for development of biologically relevant arylspirodiamine compounds is reported. This synthetic methodology requires no inert atmosphere and affords yields up to 93% in just 20 min. Linear and sterically hindered angular spirodiamines in salt and free-base form are coupled with electron-rich and -withdrawing aryl chlorides, demonstrating a broad scope and applicability of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean W. Reilly
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nikaela W. Bryan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert H. Mach
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Žukauskaitė A, Mangelinckx S, Callebaut G, Wybon C, Šačkus A, De Kimpe N. Synthesis of 1,5-diazaspiro[2.3]hexanes, a novel diazaspirocyclic system. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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4
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Bagley SW, Southers JA, Cabral S, Rose CR, Bernhardson DJ, Edmonds DJ, Polivkova J, Yang X, Kung DW, Griffith DA, Bader SJ. Synthesis of 7-Oxo-dihydrospiro[indazole-5,4′-piperidine] Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibitors. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1497-506. [DOI: 10.1021/jo202377g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott W. Bagley
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James A. Southers
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Shawn Cabral
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Colin R. Rose
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David J. Bernhardson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David J. Edmonds
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jana Polivkova
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel W. Kung
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David A. Griffith
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Scott J. Bader
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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5
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Grygorenko OO, Radchenko DS, Volochnyuk DM, Tolmachev AA, Komarov IV. Bicyclic Conformationally Restricted Diamines. Chem Rev 2011; 111:5506-68. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100352k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska Street, 64, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., Alexandra Matrosova Street, 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro S. Radchenko
- Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska Street, 64, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., Alexandra Matrosova Street, 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine
| | | | - Andrey A. Tolmachev
- Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska Street, 64, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., Alexandra Matrosova Street, 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine
| | - Igor V. Komarov
- Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska Street, 64, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., Alexandra Matrosova Street, 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine
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Nanda N, Andre P, Bao M, Clauser K, Deguzman F, Howie D, Conley PB, Terhorst C, Phillips DR. Platelet aggregation induces platelet aggregate stability via SLAM family receptor signaling. Blood 2005; 106:3028-34. [PMID: 16037392 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-01-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet aggregation is a dynamic entity, capable of directing its own growth and stability via the activation of signaling cascades that lead to the expression and secretion of various secondary agonists. Here we show that the signaling pathways triggered during platelet aggregation include an intrinsic pro-thrombotic activity mediated by 2 homophilic adhesion molecules, CD84 and CD150 (SLAM [signaling lymphocyte activation molecule]), which are tyrosine phosphorylated in a platelet aggregation-dependent fashion. The 2 CD84/SLAM adapter proteins, SAP (SLAM-associated protein) and EAT-2 (EWS-activated transcript-2), were found in platelets; only SAP, however, was found to immunoprecipitate with tyrosine-phosphorylated SLAM. The immobilized extracellular domain of CD84 promoted microaggregate formation, while SAP-deficient platelets demonstrated defective spreading on immobilized CD84, demonstrating a functional role in platelets for SLAM family interactions. Finally, analysis of SLAM-deficient mice revealed an overall defect in platelet aggregation in vitro and a delayed arterial thrombotic process in vivo. The data indicate that signaling of the adhesion molecules in the SLAM family, activated by proximity during aggregation, further stabilize platelet-platelet interactions in thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Nanda
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, 270 E Grand Ave, Suite 22, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Mehrotra MM, Heath JA, Smyth MS, Pandey A, Rose JW, Seroogy JM, Volkots DL, Nannizzi-Alaimo L, Park GL, Lambing JL, Hollenbach SJ, Scarborough RM. Discovery of Novel 2,8-Diazaspiro[4.5]decanes as Orally Active Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa Antagonists. J Med Chem 2004; 47:2037-61. [PMID: 15056002 DOI: 10.1021/jm030354b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In our efforts to develop orally active GPIIb-IIIa antagonists with improved pharmaceutical properties, we have utilized a novel 2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane scaffold as a template. We describe here our investigation of a variety of templates including spiropiperidinyl-gamma-lactams, spiropiperidinylimide, spiropiperidinylureas, and spiropiperidinylhydantoins. With the appropriate acidic and basic pharmacophores in place, each template yielded analogues with potent GPIIb-IIIa inhibitory activity. One of the compounds, 59 (CT50787), was also used to demonstrate for the first time the use of a pharmacological agent which is alphaIIbbeta3 specific to display biological activity in a lower species such as mouse and to extend bleeding times. Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic properties of selected compounds from each series in rat, dog, and cynomolgus monkey has led to the identification of 22 (CT51464), a double prodrug, with excellent pharmacokinetic properties. It exhibited good pharmacokinetic profile across species (F% = 33 (Cyno), 73 (dog), 22 (rat); t(1/2)(beta)() = 14.2 h (Cyno), 8.97 h (dog), 1.81 h (rat)). The biologically active form, 23 (CT50728), displayed inhibition of platelet aggregation in platelet rich plasma (PRP) with an IC(50) value of 53 nM in citrate buffer, 110 nM in PPACK anticoagulated PRP, and 4 nM in solid-phase GPIIb-IIIa competition binding assay (ELISA). Both 23 and 22 were stable in human liver microsomes, did not inhibit the P450 3A4 isozyme, and had low protein binding (18.22% for 23) and a desirable log P (0.45 +/- 0.06 for 22, and -0.91 +/- 0.32 for 23). It is predicted that the high oral bioavailability for these compounds in multiple species should translate into lower intra- and intersubject variability in man. The long plasma half-life of the lead is consistent with once or twice daily administration for chronic therapy. Analogue 22 (CT51464) thus appears to be a promising oral GPIIb-IIIa inhibitor with significantly improved pharmacokinetic properties over the previously described clinical candidates and may be found useful in the treatment of arterial occlusive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund M Mehrotra
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., 256 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Mehrotra MM, Heath JA, Rose JW, Smyth MS, Seroogy J, Volkots DL, Ruhter G, Schotten T, Alaimo L, Park G, Pandey A, Scarborough RM. Spirocyclic nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb-IIIa antagonists. Part 3: synthesis and SAR of potent and specific 2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decanes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1103-7. [PMID: 11909727 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological activity of analogues containing spiro piperidinylpyridine and pyrrolidinylpyridine templates are described. The potent activity of these compounds as platelet aggregation inhibitors demonstrates the utility of the spiro structures as central template for nonpeptide RGD mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund M Mehrotra
- COR Therapeutics, Inc., Department of Medicinal Chemistry, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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