1
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Ansong M, Kover K, Shah P, Friedman SH. A Green Light-Activated Insulin Depot with Ultrafast In Vivo Efficiency in the Subcutaneous Space. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3806-3812. [PMID: 38709857 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
In this work, for the first time, we demonstrate light control of a therapeutic protein's release from a depot in the subcutaneous layer of the skin. The subcutaneous layer is a standard location for therapeutic protein depots due to its large size and ease of access, but prior attempts to utilize this space failed because insufficient light can reach this deeper layer. An analysis of existing biophysical literature suggested that an increase of photoactivation wavelength from 365 to 500 nm could allow an increase of depot irradiation in the subcutaneous by >100-fold. We therefore used a green light-activated thio-coumarin-based material and demonstrated robust release of a therapeutic, insulin, in response to skin illumination with an LED light source. We further demonstrated that this release is ultrafast, as fast or faster than any commercially used insulin, while maintaining the native insulin sequence. This release of insulin was then accompanied by a robust reduction in blood glucose, demonstrating the retention of bioactivity despite the synthetic processing required to generate the material. In addition, we observed that the material exhibits slow basal release of insulin, even in the absence of light, potentially through biochemical or photochemical unmasking of insulin. Thus, these materials can act much like the healthy pancreas does: releasing insulin at a slow basal rate and then, upon skin irradiation, releasing an ultrafast bolus of native insulin to reduce postprandial blood glucose excursions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ansong
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
| | - Karen Kover
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
| | - Parth Shah
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
| | - Simon H Friedman
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
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2
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Götze S, Vij R, Burow K, Thome N, Urbat L, Schlosser N, Pflanze S, Müller R, Hänsch VG, Schlabach K, Fazlikhani L, Walther G, Dahse HM, Regestein L, Brunke S, Hube B, Hertweck C, Franken P, Stallforth P. Ecological Niche-Inspired Genome Mining Leads to the Discovery of Crop-Protecting Nonribosomal Lipopeptides Featuring a Transient Amino Acid Building Block. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2342-2353. [PMID: 36669196 PMCID: PMC9897216 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the ecological context of microbial predator-prey interactions enables the identification of microorganisms, which produce multiple secondary metabolites to evade predation or to kill the predator. In addition, genome mining combined with molecular biology methods can be used to identify further biosynthetic gene clusters that yield new antimicrobials to fight the antimicrobial crisis. In contrast, classical screening-based approaches have limitations since they do not aim to unlock the entire biosynthetic potential of a given organism. Here, we describe the genomics-based identification of keanumycins A-C. These nonribosomal peptides enable bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas to evade amoebal predation. While being amoebicidal at a nanomolar level, these compounds also exhibit a strong antimycotic activity in particular against the devastating plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea and they drastically inhibit the infection of Hydrangea macrophylla leaves using only supernatants of Pseudomonas cultures. The structures of the keanumycins were fully elucidated through a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance, tandem mass spectrometry, and degradation experiments revealing an unprecedented terminal imine motif in keanumycin C extending the family of nonribosomal amino acids by a highly reactive building block. In addition, chemical synthesis unveiled the absolute configuration of the unusual dihydroxylated fatty acid of keanumycin A, which has not yet been reported for this lipodepsipeptide class. Finally, a detailed genome-wide microarray analysis of Candida albicans exposed to keanumycin A shed light on the mode-of-action of this potential natural product lead, which will aid the development of new pharmaceutical and agrochemical antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Götze
- Department
of Paleobiotechnology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research
and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll
Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Raghav Vij
- Department
of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural
Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Katja Burow
- Research
Centre for Horticultural Crops (FGK), Fachhochschule
Erfurt, Kühnhäuser
Straße 101, 99090 Erfurt, Germany
| | - Nicola Thome
- Department
of Paleobiotechnology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research
and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll
Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Lennart Urbat
- Department
of Paleobiotechnology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research
and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll
Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Nicolas Schlosser
- Bio
Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection
Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pflanze
- Department
of Paleobiotechnology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research
and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll
Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Rita Müller
- Department
of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural
Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Veit G. Hänsch
- Department
of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research
and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll
Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kevin Schlabach
- Department
of Paleobiotechnology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research
and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll
Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Leila Fazlikhani
- Research
Centre for Horticultural Crops (FGK), Fachhochschule
Erfurt, Kühnhäuser
Straße 101, 99090 Erfurt, Germany
| | - Grit Walther
- National
Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections, Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Dahse
- Department
of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research
and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll
Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Lars Regestein
- Bio
Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection
Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sascha Brunke
- Department
of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural
Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department
of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural
Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department
of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research
and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll
Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp Franken
- Research
Centre for Horticultural Crops (FGK), Fachhochschule
Erfurt, Kühnhäuser
Straße 101, 99090 Erfurt, Germany
- Molecular
Phytopathology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Pierre Stallforth
- Department
of Paleobiotechnology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research
and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll
Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and
Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
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3
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Wang L, Chen K, Zhang M, Ye M, Qiao X. Catalytic function, mechanism, and application of plant acyltransferases. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:125-144. [PMID: 34151663 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1931015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acyltransferases (ATs) are important tailoring enzymes that contribute to the diversity of natural products. They catalyze the transfer of acyl groups to the skeleton, which improves the lipid solubility, stability, and pharmacological activity of natural compounds. In recent years, a number of ATs have been isolated from plants. In this review, we have summarized 141 biochemically characterized ATs during the period July 1997 to October 2020, including their function, heterologous expression systems, and catalytic mechanisms. Their catalytic performance and application potential has been further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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4
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Takahashi M, Hirota I, Nakano T, Kotani T, Takani D, Shiratori K, Choi Y, Haba M, Hosokawa M. Effects of steric hindrance and electron density of ester prodrugs on controlling the metabolic activation by human carboxylesterase. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 38:100391. [PMID: 33872946 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2021.100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylesterase (CES) plays an important role in the hydrolysis metabolism of ester-type drugs and prodrugs. In this study, we investigated the change in the hydrolysis rate of hCE1 by focusing on the steric hindrance of the ester structure and the electron density. For 26 kinds of synthesized indomethacin prodrugs, the hydrolytic rate was measured in the presence of human liver microsomes (HLM), human small intestine microsomes (HIM), hCE1 and hCE2. The synthesized prodrugs were classified into three types: an alkyl ester type that is specifically metabolized by hCE1, a phenyl ester type that is more easily metabolized by hCE1 than by hCE2, and a carbonate ester type that is easily metabolized by both hCE1 and hCE2. The hydrolytic rate of 1-methylpentyl (hexan-2-yl) ester was 10-times lower than that of 4-methylpentyl ester in hCE1 solution. hCE2 was susceptible to electron density of the substrate, and there was a difference in the hydrolysis rate of up to 3.5-times between p-bromophenyl ester and p-acetylphenyl ester. By changing the steric hindrance and electron density of the alkoxy group, the factors that change the hydrolysis rate by CES were elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan.
| | - Ibuki Hirota
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakano
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kotani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Kana Shiratori
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Yura Choi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Masami Haba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Hosokawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
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5
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Sano M, Shimaoka H, Kohira N, Murakami Y, Murai H, Yoshizawa H. Synthesis of Novel Orally Active Prodrugs by Introduction of an Acyloxymethyl Carbamate Moiety into Cefetamet Pivoxil. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Sano
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, 1-1 Futabacho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimaoka
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, 1-1 Futabacho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Naoki Kohira
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, 1-1 Futabacho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yuki Murakami
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, 1-1 Futabacho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Murai
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, 1-1 Futabacho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yoshizawa
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, 1-1 Futabacho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
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6
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Dindarloo Inaloo I, Majnooni S. Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) as Green and Efficient Solvent/Catalyst Systems for the Synthesis of Carbamates and Ureas from Carbonates. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahar Majnooni
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of Isfahan Isfahan 81746–73441 Iran
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7
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Nonoyama A, Nakai Y, Lee S, Suzuki S, Ando T, Fukuda N, Tanaka H, Takahashi K. Process Development of an Efficient and Cost-Effective Telescoping Route to a Key Synthetic Precursor for the Preparation of a Renin Inhibitor. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Nonoyama
- Process Chemistry Research and Development Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 1-98 Kasugade-naka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-0022, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nakai
- Chemistry Research Unit Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 1-98 Kasugade-naka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-0022, Japan
| | - Shoukou Lee
- Chemistry Research Unit Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 1-98 Kasugade-naka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-0022, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Formulation Research and Development Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 13-1, Kyobashi 1-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8356, Japan
| | - Takeya Ando
- Process Chemistry Research and Development Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 1-98 Kasugade-naka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-0022, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Fukuda
- Chemistry Research Unit Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 1-98 Kasugade-naka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-0022, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Process Chemistry Research and Development Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 1-98 Kasugade-naka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-0022, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takahashi
- Technology Research and Development Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94, Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
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8
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Geudens N, Martins JC. Cyclic Lipodepsipeptides From Pseudomonas spp. - Biological Swiss-Army Knives. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1867. [PMID: 30158910 PMCID: PMC6104475 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic lipodepsipeptides produced by Pseudomonas spp. (Ps-CLPs) are biosurfactants that constitute a diverse class of versatile bioactive natural compounds with promising application potential. While chemically diverse, they obey a common structural blue-print, allowing the definition of 14 distinct groups with multiple structurally homologous members. In addition to antibacterial and antifungal properties the reported activity profile of Ps-CLPs includes their effect on bacterial motility, biofilm formation, induced defense responses in plants, their insecticidal activity and anti-proliferation effects on human cancer cell-lines. To further validate their status of potential bioactive substances, we assessed the results of 775 biological tests on 51 Ps-CLPs available from literature. From this, a fragmented view emerges. Taken as a group, Ps-CLPs present a broad activity profile. However, reports on individual Ps-CLPs are often much more limited in the scope of organisms that are challenged or activities that are explored. As a result, our analysis shows that the available data is currently too sparse to allow biological function to be correlated to a particular group of Ps-CLPs. Consequently, certain generalizations that appear in literature with respect to the biological activities of Ps-CLPs should be nuanced. This notwithstanding, the data for the two most extensively studied Ps-CLPs does indicate they can display activities against various biological targets. As the discovery of novel Ps-CLPs accelerates, current challenges to complete and maintain a useful overview of biological activity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Geudens
- NMR and Structure Analysis Unit, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - José C Martins
- NMR and Structure Analysis Unit, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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9
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Vaddi HK, Banks SL, Chen J, Hammell DC, Crooks PA, Stinchcomb AL. Human skin permeation of 3-O-alkyl carbamate prodrugs of naltrexone. J Pharm Sci 2010; 98:2611-25. [PMID: 18972573 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
N-Monoalkyl and N,N-dialkyl carbamate prodrugs of naltrexone (NTX), an opioid antagonist, were synthesized and their in vitro permeation across human skin was determined. Relevant physicochemical properties were also determined. Most prodrugs exhibited lower melting points, lower aqueous solubilities, and higher oil solubilities than NTX. The flux values from N-monoalkyl carbamate prodrugs were significantly higher than those from NTX and N,N-dialkyl carbamates. The melting points of N-monoalkyl carbamate prodrugs were quite low compared to the N,N-dialkyl carbamate prodrugs and NTX. Heats of fusion for the N,N-dialkyl carbamate prodrugs were higher than that for NTX. N-Monoalkyl carbamate prodrugs had higher stratum corneum/vehicle partition coefficients than their N,N-dialkyl counterparts. Higher percent prodrug bioconversion to NTX in skin appeared to be related to increased skin flux. N,N-Dialkyl carbamate prodrugs were more stable in buffer and in plasma than N-monoalkyl carbamate prodrugs. In conclusion, N-monoalkyl carbamate prodrugs of NTX improved the systemic delivery of NTX across human skin in vitro. N,N-Dialkyl substitution in the prodrug moiety decreased skin permeation and plasma hydrolysis to the parent drug. The cross-sectional area of the carbamate head group was the major determinant of flux of the N-monoalkyl and N,N-dialkyl carbamate prodrugs of NTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haranath K Vaddi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0082, USA
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10
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Zanatta N, Borchhardt DM, Alves SH, Coelho HS, Squizani AMC, Marchi TM, Bonacorso HG, Martins MAP. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of new (4,4,4-trihalo-3-oxo-but-1-enyl)-carbamic acid ethyl esters, (4,4,4-trihalo-3-hydroxy-butyl)-carbamic acid ethyl esters, and 2-oxo-6-trihalomethyl-[1,3]oxazinane-3-carboxylic acid ethyl esters. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:3174-84. [PMID: 16412654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2005] [Revised: 12/14/2005] [Accepted: 12/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a three-step synthesis of a new series of 4-substituted 2-oxo-6-trihalomethyl-[1,3]oxazinane-3-carboxylic acid ethyl esters, from beta-alkoxyvinyl trihalomethyl ketones of general formula X3C-C(O)-CH=C(R)-OR(1), where R = H, Me, Ph, and 4-Me-Ph; R(1) = Me and Et; and X = F and Cl. The Michael addition-substitution of the ethyl carbamate on beta-alkoxyvinyl trihalomethyl ketones furnished the corresponding (4,4,4-trihalo-3-oxo-but-1-enyl)-carbamic acid ethyl esters. These compounds underwent reduction with NaBH4 leading to the respective (4,4,4-trihalo-3-hydroxy-butyl)-carbamic acid ethyl esters. The 3-hydroxy-butyl carbamates were submitted to cyclization reaction with triphosgene to give a series of 4-substituted 2-oxo-6-trihalomethyl-[1,3]oxazinane-3-carboxylic acid ethyl esters. The in vitro antimicrobial activity, of some of the three new series of the title compounds, was assessed against a panel of microorganisms including yeast like fungi, bacteria, and algae, and their minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal fungicidal, bactericidal, and algacidal concentrations were determined. Some of the analyzed carbamates exhibited significant in vitro antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilo Zanatta
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97.015-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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11
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Sun X, Zhang YZ, Zeckner D, Current W, Chen SH. Synthesis and evaluation of novel pseudomycin side-chain analogues. Part 3. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:3055-9. [PMID: 11714609 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To increase the therapeutic utility of C-18 side-chain bearing pseudomycin analogue 2, we prepared additional analogues and prodrugs of 2 containing further modifications at various positions within its core structure. Each of the newly synthesized derivatives (10-15) exhibited reduced tail vein toxicity relative to the parent compound. Some of the new pseudomycin derivatives (e.g., 14) also showed improved in vivo antifungal activity relative to its corresponding parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Sun
- Lilly Research Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
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12
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Jung YH, Kim JD. One-pot synthesis of cinnamylamines with various protecting groups from cinnamyl ethers. Arch Pharm Res 2001; 24:371-6. [PMID: 11693534 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of various alkyl cinnamyl ethers with CSI afforded the corresponding cinnamylamines with various protecting groups, such as -NHMoc, -NHiPoc, -NHCbz, -NHPnz, -NHTroc and -NHAloc. In the case of cinnamyl t-butyl ether and cinnamyl p-methoxybenzyl ether, the corresponding cinnamyl carbamates were formed via a different reaction pathway from the above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Jung
- Sungkyunkwan University, Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Suwon 440-746, Kyonggi-Do, Korea.
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13
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Sun X, Zeckner D, Zhang Y, Sachs RK, Current WL, Rodriguez M, Chen SH. Prodrugs of 3-amido bearing pseudomycin analogues: novel antifungal agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1881-4. [PMID: 11459652 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of identifying safer pseudomycin derivatives, we synthesized and evaluated a number of N-acyloxymethyl carbamate linked prodrugs of 3-amido pseudomycin analogues. To our satisfaction, all of the prodrug-amide combinations prepared exhibited good in vivo efficacy against murine Candidiasis. When evaluated in a dose elevation study, all of the newly synthesized combinations (e.g., 4A, 6A, 8A, and 8B) demonstrated improved toxicity profiles in comparison to their corresponding 3-amides as well as the parent pseudomycin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Sun
- Lilly Research Laboratory, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, IN 46285, Indianapolis, USA
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