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Zhang S, Li Y, Qin Z, Tu G, Chen G, Yan A. SAR study on inhibitors of GIIA secreted phospholipase A
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using machine learning methods. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 93:666-684. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengde Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringDepartment of Pharmaceutical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Science and TechnologyShandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Ji'nan Shandong China
| | - Zijian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringDepartment of Pharmaceutical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Guipin Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringDepartment of Pharmaceutical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Aixia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringDepartment of Pharmaceutical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
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2
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Tomoo T, Nakatsuka T, Katayama T, Hayashi Y, Fujieda Y, Terakawa M, Nagahira K. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 3-(1-Aryl-1H-indol-5-yl)propanoic acids as new indole-based cytosolic phospholipase A2α inhibitors. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7244-62. [PMID: 25102418 DOI: 10.1021/jm500494y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new indole-based cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α, a group IVA phospholipase A2) inhibitors. A screening-hit compound from our library, (E)-3-{4-[(4-chlorophenyl)thio]-3-nitrophenyl}acrylic acid (5), was used to design a class of 3-(1-aryl-1H-indol-5-yl)propanoic acids as new small molecule inhibitors. The resultant structure-activity relationships studied using the isolated enzyme and by cell-based assays revealed that the 1-(p-O-substituted)phenyl, 3-phenylethyl, and 5-propanoic acid groups on the indole core are essential for good inhibitory activity against cPLA2α. Optimization of the p-substituents on the N1 phenyl group led to the discovery of 56n (ASB14780), which was shown to be a potent inhibitor of cPLA2α via enzyme assay, cell-based assay, and guinea pig and human whole-blood assays. It displayed oral efficacy toward mice tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate-induced ear edema and guinea pig ovalbumin-induced asthma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Tomoo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ‡R&D Administration, §Exploratory Technology, ∥Drug Discovery Technology, and ⊥Pharmacology I, Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd. , 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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3
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Synthesis, characterisation, electronic spectra and electrochemical investigation of ferrocenyl-terminated dendrimers. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Dennis EA, Cao J, Hsu YH, Magrioti V, Kokotos G. Phospholipase A2 enzymes: physical structure, biological function, disease implication, chemical inhibition, and therapeutic intervention. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6130-85. [PMID: 21910409 PMCID: PMC3196595 DOI: 10.1021/cr200085w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 804] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward A. Dennis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0601
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0601
| | - Yuan-Hao Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0601
| | - Victoria Magrioti
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - George Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
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5
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Murakami M, Taketomi Y, Miki Y, Sato H, Hirabayashi T, Yamamoto K. Recent progress in phospholipase A₂ research: from cells to animals to humans. Prog Lipid Res 2010; 50:152-92. [PMID: 21185866 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian genomes encode genes for more than 30 phospholipase A₂s (PLA₂s) or related enzymes, which are subdivided into several classes including low-molecular-weight secreted PLA₂s (sPLA₂s), Ca²+-dependent cytosolic PLA₂s (cPLA₂s), Ca²+-independent PLA₂s (iPLA₂s), platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolases (PAF-AHs), lysosomal PLA₂s, and a recently identified adipose-specific PLA. Of these, the intracellular cPLA₂ and iPLA₂ families and the extracellular sPLA₂ family are recognized as the "big three". From a general viewpoint, cPLA₂α (the prototypic cPLA₂ plays a major role in the initiation of arachidonic acid metabolism, the iPLA₂ family contributes to membrane homeostasis and energy metabolism, and the sPLA₂ family affects various biological events by modulating the extracellular phospholipid milieus. The cPLA₂ family evolved along with eicosanoid receptors when vertebrates first appeared, whereas the diverse branching of the iPLA₂ and sPLA₂ families during earlier eukaryote development suggests that they play fundamental roles in life-related processes. During the past decade, data concerning the unexplored roles of various PLA₂ enzymes in pathophysiology have emerged on the basis of studies using knockout and transgenic mice, the use of specific inhibitors, and information obtained from analysis of human diseases caused by mutations in PLA₂ genes. This review focuses on current understanding of the emerging biological functions of PLA₂s and related enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Murakami
- Lipid Metabolism Project, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
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Ghasemi A, Elfringhoff AS, Lehr M. Structure–activity relationship studies of 3-dodecanoylindole-2-carboxylic acid inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase A2α-mediated arachidonic acid release in intact platelets: variation of the keto moiety. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 20:429-37. [PMID: 16335050 DOI: 10.1080/14756360500228338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently we found that 1-methyldodecanoylindole-2-carboxylic acid (1) and 1-[2-(4-carboxyphenoxy)ethyl]-3-dodecanoylindole-2-carboxylic acid (4) were inhibitors of the cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha (cPLA2alpha)-mediated arachidonic acid release in calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated human platelets with IC50-values of 4.8 microM (1) and 0.86 microM (4). We have now replaced the 3-acyl residue of these compounds by alkylated sulfinyl-, sulfony-, sulfinamoyl-, sulfamoyl-, carbonylamino-, or carbonylaminomethyl-substituents. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that the pronounced cellular activity of 4 strongly depends on the presence of the 3-acyl moiety. Surprisingly, when testing 4 and its derivatives in an assay with the isolated cPLA2, none of these compounds showed an inhibitory potency at 10 microM indicating that they do not inhibit cPLA2alpha in the cells by a direct interaction with the active site of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Ghasemi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Hittorfstrasse 58-62 D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Praveen C, Rao JR, Reddy PP, Mukkanti K, Reddy GS. Facile synthesis of 6-aryl-5H-8-oxa-4b, 7-diaza-benzo[a]azulen-9-one derivatives, new tricyclic heterocycles. J Heterocycl Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570450421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Lee KL, Foley MA, Chen L, Behnke ML, Lovering FE, Kirincich SJ, Wang W, Shim J, Tam S, Shen MWH, Khor S, Xu X, Goodwin DG, Ramarao MK, Nickerson-Nutter C, Donahue F, Ku MS, Clark JD, McKew JC. Discovery of Ecopladib, an indole inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha. J Med Chem 2007; 50:1380-400. [PMID: 17305324 DOI: 10.1021/jm061131z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a series of indole inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha (cPLA2alpha, type IVA phospholipase) are described. Inhibitors of cPLA2alpha are predicted to be efficacious in treating asthma as well as the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and pain. The introduction of a benzyl sulfonamide substituent at C2 was found to impart improved potency of these inhibitors, and the SAR of these sulfonamide analogues is disclosed. Compound 123 (Ecopladib) is a sub-micromolar inhibitor of cPLA2alpha in the GLU micelle and rat whole blood assays. Compound 123 displayed oral efficacy in the rat carrageenan air pouch and rat carrageenan-induced paw edema models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Lee
- Department of Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 200 CambridgePark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, USA.
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10
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McKew JC, Foley MA, Thakker P, Behnke ML, Lovering FE, Sum FW, Tam S, Wu K, Shen MWH, Zhang W, Gonzalez M, Liu S, Mahadevan A, Sard H, Khor SP, Clark JD. Inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha: hit to lead optimization. J Med Chem 2006; 49:135-58. [PMID: 16392799 DOI: 10.1021/jm0507882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Compound 1 was previously reported to be a potent inhibitor of cPLA(2)alpha in both artificial monomeric substrate and cell-based assays. However, 1 was inactive in whole blood assays previously used to characterize cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors. The IC(50) of 1 increased dramatically with cell number or lipid/detergent concentration. In an attempt to insert an electrophilic ketone between the indole and benzoic acid moieties, we discovered that increasing the distance between the two moieties gave a compound with activity in the GLU (7-hydroxycoumarinyl-gamma-linolenate) micelle assay, which contains lipid and detergent. Extensive structure-activity relationship work around this lead identified a potent pharmacophore for cPLA(2)alpha inhibition. The IC(50)s between the GLU micelle and rat whole blood assays correlated highly. No correlation was found for other parameters, including lipophilicity or acidity of the required acid functionality. Compounds 25, 39, and 94 emerged as potent, selective inhibitors of cPLA(2)alpha and represent well-validated starting points for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C McKew
- Department of Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 200 CambridgePark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, USA.
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12
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Kokotos G, Six DA, Loukas V, Smith T, Constantinou-Kokotou V, Hadjipavlou-Litina D, Kotsovolou S, Chiou A, Beltzner CC, Dennis EA. Inhibition of Group IVA Cytosolic Phospholipase A2by Novel 2-Oxoamides in Vitro, in Cells, and in Vivo. J Med Chem 2004; 47:3615-28. [PMID: 15214789 DOI: 10.1021/jm030485c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (GIVA PLA(2)) is a particularly attractive target for drug development because it is the rate-limiting provider of proinflammatory mediators. We previously reported the discovery of novel 2-oxoamides that inhibit GIVA PLA(2) [Kokotos, G.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 2891-2893]. In the present work, we have further explored this class of inhibitors and found that the 2-oxoamide functionality is more potent when it contains a long 2-oxoacyl residue and a free carboxy group. Long-chain 2-oxoamides based on gamma-aminobutyric acid and gamma-norleucine are potent inhibitors of GIVA PLA(2). Such inhibitors act through a fast and reversible mode of inhibition in vitro, are able to block the production of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E(2) in cells, and demonstrate potent in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece.
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Connolly S, Bennion C, Botterell S, Croshaw PJ, Hallam C, Hardy K, Hartopp P, Jackson CG, King SJ, Lawrence L, Mete A, Murray D, Robinson DH, Smith GM, Stein L, Walters I, Wells E, Withnall WJ. Design and synthesis of a novel and potent series of inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) based on a 1,3-disubstituted propan-2-one skeleton. J Med Chem 2002; 45:1348-62. [PMID: 11882004 DOI: 10.1021/jm011050x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using knowledge of the substrate specificity of cPLA(2) (phospholipases A(2)), a novel series of inhibitors of this enzyme were designed based upon a three point model of inhibitor binding to the enzyme active site comprising a lipophilic anchor, an electrophilic serine "trap", and an acidic binding moiety. The resulting 1,3-diheteroatom-substituted propan-2-ones were evaluated as inhibitors of cPLA(2) in both aggregated bilayer and soluble substrate assays. Systematic variation of the lipophilic, electrophilic, and acidic groups revealed a well-defined structure-activity relationship against the enzyme. Optimization of each group led to compound 22 (AR-C70484XX), which contains a decyloxy lipophilic side chain, a 1,3-diaryloxypropan-2-one moiety as a unique serine trap, and a benzoic acid as the acidic binding group. AR-C70484XX was found to be among the most potent in vitro inhibitors of cPLA(2) described to date being more than 20-fold more active against the isolated enzyme (IC(50) = 0.03 microM) than the standard cPLA(2) inhibitor, arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF(3)), and also greater than 10-fold more active than AACOCF(3) against the cellular production of arachidonic acid by HL60 cells (IC(50) = 2.8 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Connolly
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, United Kingdom.
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