1
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Stasiulewicz A, Lesniak A, Bujalska-Zadrożny M, Pawiński T, Sulkowska JI. Identification of Novel CB2 Ligands through Virtual Screening and In Vitro Evaluation. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:1012-1027. [PMID: 36693026 PMCID: PMC9930120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) is a very promising therapeutic target for a variety of potential indications. However, despite the existence of multiple high affinity CB2 ligands, none have yet been approved as a drug. Therefore, it would be beneficial to explore new chemotypes of CB2 ligands. The recent elucidation of CB2 tertiary structure allows for rational hit identification with structure-based (SB) methods. In this study, we established a virtual screening workflow based on SB techniques augmented with ligand-based ones, including molecular docking, MM-GBSA binding energy calculations, pharmacophore screening, and QSAR. We screened nearly 7 million drug-like, commercially available compounds. We selected 16 molecules for in vitro evaluation and identified two novel, selective CB2 antagonists with Ki values of 65 and 210 nM. Both compounds are structurally diverse from CB2 ligands known to date. The established virtual screening protocol may prove useful for hit identification for CB2 and similar molecular targets. The two novel CB2 ligands provide a desired starting point for future optimization and development of potential drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Stasiulewicz
- Department
of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland,Centre
of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Lesniak
- Department
of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrożny
- Department
of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pawiński
- Department
of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna I. Sulkowska
- Centre
of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland,E-mail:
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2
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Kuznetsov YP, Vernigora AA, Degtyarenko EK, Saeef MHA, Pitushkin DA, Burmistrov VV, Butov GM. Synthesis and Properties of N,N′-Disubstituted Ureas and Their Isosteric Analogs Containing Polycyclic Fragments: XII. N-(1,3,3-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl)-N′-R-ureas and -thioureas. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021120010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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3
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Howlett AC, Thomas BF, Huffman JW. The Spicy Story of Cannabimimetic Indoles. Molecules 2021; 26:6190. [PMID: 34684770 PMCID: PMC8538531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sterling Research Group identified pravadoline as an aminoalkylindole (AAI) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pain reliever. As drug design progressed, the ability of AAI analogs to block prostaglandin synthesis diminished, and antinociceptive activity was found to result from action at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor, a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) abundant in the brain. Several laboratories applied computational chemistry methods to ultimately conclude that AAI and cannabinoid ligands could overlap within a common binding pocket but that WIN55212-2 primarily utilized steric interactions via aromatic stacking, whereas cannabinoid ligands required some electrostatic interactions, particularly involving the CB1 helix-3 lysine. The Huffman laboratory identified strategies to establish CB2 receptor selectivity among cannabimimetic indoles to avoid their CB1-related adverse effects, thereby stimulating preclinical studies to explore their use as anti-hyperalgesic and anti-allodynic pharmacotherapies. Some AAI analogs activate novel GPCRs referred to as "Alkyl Indole" receptors, and some AAI analogs act at the colchicine-binding site on microtubules. The AAI compounds having the greatest potency to interact with the CB1 receptor have found their way into the market as "Spice" or "K2". The sale of these alleged "herbal products" evades FDA consumer protections for proper labeling and safety as a medicine, as well as DEA scheduling as compounds having no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse. The distribution to the public of potent alkyl indole synthetic cannabimimetic chemicals without regard for consumer safety contrasts with the adherence to regulatory requirements for demonstration of safety that are routinely observed by ethical pharmaceutical companies that market medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyn C. Howlett
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Brian F. Thomas
- Department of Analytical Sciences, The Cronos Group, Toronto, ON M5V 2H1, Canada;
| | - John W. Huffman
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
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4
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Aly MW, Ludwig FA, Deuther-Conrad W, Brust P, Abadi AH, Moldovan RP, Osman NA. Development of fluorinated and methoxylated benzothiazole derivatives as highly potent and selective cannabinoid CB 2 receptor ligands. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105191. [PMID: 34375194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The upregulation of the CB2 receptors in neuroinflammation and cancer and their potential visualization with PET (positron emission tomography) could provide a valuable diagnostic and therapy-monitoring tool in such disorders. However, the availability of reliable CB2-selective imaging probes is still lacking in clinical practice. We have recently identified a benzothiazole-2-ylidine amide hit (6a) as a highly potent CB2 ligand. With the aim of enhancing its CB2 over CB1 selectivity and introducing structural sites suitable for radiolabeling, we herein describe the development of fluorinated and methoxylated benzothiazole derivatives endowed with extremely high CB2 binding affinity and an exclusive selectivity to the CB2 receptor. Compounds 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 24 and 25 displayed subnanomolar CB2Ki values (ranging from 0.16 nM to 0.68 nM) and interestingly, all of the synthesized compounds completely lacked affinity at the CB1 receptor (Ki > 10,000 nM for all compounds), indicating their remarkably high CB2 over CB1 selectivity factors. The fluorinated analogs, 15 and 21, were evaluated for their in vitro metabolic stability in mouse and human liver microsomes (MLM and HLM). Both 15 and 21 displayed an exceptionally high stability (98% and 91% intact compounds, respectively) after 60 min incubation with MLM. Contrastingly, a 5- and 2.8-fold lower stability was demonstrated for compounds 15 and 21, respectively, upon incubation with HLM for 60 min. Taken together, our data present extremely potent and selective CB2 ligands as credible leads that can be further exploited for 18F- or 11C-radiolabeling and utilization as PET tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayar W Aly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Friedrich-Alexander Ludwig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Research Site Leipzig, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Research Site Leipzig, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Peter Brust
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Research Site Leipzig, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Ashraf H Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rareş-Petru Moldovan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Research Site Leipzig, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Noha A Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Egypt.
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5
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Fulo HF, Shoeib A, Cabanlong CV, Williams AH, Zhan CG, Prather PL, Dudley GB. Synthesis, Molecular Pharmacology, and Structure-Activity Relationships of 3-(Indanoyl)indoles as Selective Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6381-6396. [PMID: 33887913 PMCID: PMC8683641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic indole cannabinoids characterized by a 2',2'-dimethylindan-5'-oyl group at the indole C3 position constitute a new class of ligands possessing high affinity for human CB2 receptors at a nanomolar concentration and a good selectivity index. Starting from the neutral antagonist 4, the effects of indole core modification on the pharmacodynamic profile of the ligands were investigated. Several N1 side chains afforded potent and CB2-selective neutral antagonists, notably derivatives 26 (R1 = n-propyl, R2 = H) and 35 (R1 = 4-pentynyl, R2 = H). Addition of a methyl group at C2 improved the selectivity for the CB2 receptor. Moreover, C2 indole substitution may control the CB2 activity as shown by the functionality switch in 35 (antagonist) and 49 (R1 = 4-pentynyl, R2 = CH3, partial agonist).
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey F Fulo
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Amal Shoeib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Christian V Cabanlong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Alexander H Williams
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Paul L Prather
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Gregory B Dudley
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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6
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Cannabinoid receptor type 2 ligands: an analysis of granted patents since 2010. Pharm Pat Anal 2021; 10:111-163. [DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2021-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) is a key element of the endocannabinoid (EC) system. EC/CB2R signaling has significant therapeutic potential in major pathologies affecting humans such as allergies, neurodegenerative disorders, inflammation or ocular diseases. CB2R agonism exerts anti-inflammatory and tissue protective effects in preclinical animal models of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, liver, kidney, lung and neurodegenerative disorders. Existing ligands can be subdivided into endocannabinoids, cannabinoid-like and synthetic CB2R ligands that possess various degrees of potency on and selectivity against the cannabinoid receptor type 1. This review is an account of granted CB2R ligand patents from 2010 up to the present, which were surveyed using Derwent Innovation®.
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7
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Páez JA, Campillo NE. Innovative Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoid Receptors as Targets in Alzheimer’s Disease and Less Well-Known Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3300-3340. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180226095132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
:
The discovery of cannabinoid receptors at the beginning of the 1990s, CB1 cloned
in 1990 and CB2 cloned in 1993, and the availability of selective and potent cannabimimetics
could only be justified by the existence of endogenous ligands that are capable of binding to
them. Thus, the characterisation and cloning of the first cannabinoid receptor (CB1) led to the
isolation and characterisation of the first endocannabinoid, arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA),
two years later and the subsequent identification of a family of lipid transmitters known as the
fatty acid ester 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG).
:
The endogenous cannabinoid system is a complex signalling system that comprises transmembrane
endocannabinoid receptors, their endogenous ligands (the endocannabinoids), the
specific uptake mechanisms and the enzymatic systems related to their biosynthesis and degradation.
:
The endocannabinoid system has been implicated in a wide diversity of biological processes,
in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, including memory, learning, neuronal development,
stress and emotions, food intake, energy regulation, peripheral metabolism, and
the regulation of hormonal balance through the endocrine system.
:
In this context, this article will review the current knowledge of the therapeutic potential of
cannabinoid receptor as a target in Alzheimer’s disease and other less well-known diseases
that include, among others, multiple sclerosis, bone metabolism, and Fragile X syndrome.
:
The therapeutic applications will be addressed through the study of cannabinoid agonists acting
as single drugs and multi-target drugs highlighting the CB2 receptor agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Páez
- Instituto de Quimica Medica (IQM-CSIC). C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria E. Campillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (CIB-CSIC). C/ Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Banister SD, Connor M. The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist New Psychoactive Substances: Evolution. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2018; 252:191-226. [PMID: 30105473 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) are the largest and most structurally diverse class of new psychoactive substances (NPS). Although the earliest SCRA NPS were simply repurposed from historical academic manuscripts or pharmaceutical patents describing cannabinoid ligands, recent examples bear hallmarks of rational design. SCRA NPS manufacturers have applied traditional medicinal chemistry strategies (such as molecular hybridization, bioisosteric replacement, and scaffold hopping) to existing cannabinoid templates in order to generate new molecules that circumvent structure-based legislation. Most SCRAs potently activate cannabinoid type 1 and type 2 receptors (CB1 and CB2, respectively), with the former contributing to the psychoactivity of these substances. SCRAs are generally more toxic than the Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) found in cannabis, and this may be due to ligand bias, metabolism, or off-target activity. This chapter will chart the evolution of recently identified SCRA NPS chemotypes, as well as their putative manufacturing by-products and thermolytic degradants, and describe structure-activity relationships within each class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Banister
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Mark Connor
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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9
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Han S, Thatte J, Buzard DJ, Jones RM. Therapeutic Utility of Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 (CB2) Selective Agonists. J Med Chem 2013; 56:8224-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4005626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangdon Han
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Arena Pharmaceuticals, 6166 Nancy Ridge Drive, San
Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jayant Thatte
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Arena Pharmaceuticals, 6166 Nancy Ridge Drive, San
Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Daniel J. Buzard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Arena Pharmaceuticals, 6166 Nancy Ridge Drive, San
Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert M. Jones
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Arena Pharmaceuticals, 6166 Nancy Ridge Drive, San
Diego, California 92121, United States
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10
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Velavan A, Sumathi S, Balasubramanian KK. AlMe3-Mediated Regio- and Chemoselective Reactions of Indole with Carbamoyl Electrophiles. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Blaazer AR, Lange JH, van der Neut MA, Mulder A, den Boon FS, Werkman TR, Kruse CG, Wadman WJ. Novel indole and azaindole (pyrrolopyridine) cannabinoid (CB) receptor agonists: Design, synthesis, structure–activity relationships, physicochemical properties and biological activity. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:5086-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Turkman N, Shavrin A, Ivanov RA, Rabinovich B, Volgin A, Gelovani JG, Alauddin MM. Fluorinated cannabinoid CB2 receptor ligands: synthesis and in vitro binding characteristics of 2-oxoquinoline derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:5698-707. [PMID: 21872477 PMCID: PMC3174488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) plays an important role in human physiology and the pathophysiology of different diseases, including neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Several classes of CB2 receptor ligands, including 2-oxoquinoline derivatives, have been previously reported. We report the synthesis and results of in vitro receptor binding of a focused library of new fluorinated 2-oxoquinoline CB2 ligands. Twelve compounds, 13-1618, 19, 21-24, 27, and 28 were synthesized in good yields in multiple steps. Human U87 glioma cells expressing either hCB1 (control) or hCB2 were generated via lentiviral transduction. In vitro competitive binding assay was performed using [(3)H]CP-55,940 in U87hCB1 and U87hCB2 cells. Inhibition constant (K(i)) values of compounds 13-16, 18, 19, 21-24, 27, and 28 for CB2 were >10,000, 2.8, 5.0, 2.4, 22, 0.8, 1.4, >10,000, 486, 58, 620, and 2400 nM, respectively, and those for CB1 were >10,000 nM. Preliminary in vitro results suggest that six of these compounds may be useful for therapy of neuropathic pain, neuroinflammatory diseases and immune disorders. In addition, compound 19, with its subnanomolar K(i) value, could be radiolabeled with (18)F and explored for PET imaging of CB2 expression.
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MESH Headings
- Binding, Competitive/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Glioma/metabolism
- Glioma/pathology
- Humans
- Ligands
- Molecular Structure
- Quinolones/chemical synthesis
- Quinolones/chemistry
- Quinolones/pharmacology
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/biosynthesis
- Stereoisomerism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashaat Turkman
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas, M D Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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Gabriele B, Veltri L, Salerno G, Mancuso R, Costa M. Multicomponent Cascade Reactions: A Novel and Expedient Approach to Functionalized Indoles by an Unprecedented Nucleophilic Addition-Heterocyclization-Oxidative Alkoxycarbonylation Sequence. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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14
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Adam JM, Cairns J, Caulfield W, Cowley P, Cumming I, Easson M, Edwards D, Ferguson M, Goodwin R, Jeremiah F, Kiyoi T, Mistry A, Moir E, Morphy R, Tierney J, York M, Baker J, Cottney JE, Houghton AK, Westwood PJ, Walker G. Design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationships of indole-3-carboxamides as novel water soluble cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists. MEDCHEMCOMM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0md00022a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Frost JM, Dart MJ, Tietje KR, Garrison TR, Grayson GK, Daza AV, El-Kouhen OF, Yao BB, Hsieh GC, Pai M, Zhu CZ, Chandran P, Meyer MD. Indol-3-ylcycloalkyl Ketones: Effects of N1 Substituted Indole Side Chain Variations on CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor Activity. J Med Chem 2009; 53:295-315. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901214q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Frost
- Neurological Diseases Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, R47W, AP9A, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Michael J. Dart
- Neurological Diseases Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, R47W, AP9A, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Karin R. Tietje
- Neurological Diseases Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, R47W, AP9A, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Tiffany R. Garrison
- Neurological Diseases Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, R47W, AP9A, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - George K. Grayson
- Neurological Diseases Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, R47W, AP9A, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Anthony V. Daza
- Neurological Diseases Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, R47W, AP9A, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Odile F. El-Kouhen
- Neurological Diseases Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, R47W, AP9A, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Betty B. Yao
- Neurological Diseases Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, R47W, AP9A, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Gin C. Hsieh
- Neurological Diseases Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, R47W, AP9A, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Madhavi Pai
- Neurological Diseases Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, R47W, AP9A, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Chang Z. Zhu
- Neurological Diseases Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, R47W, AP9A, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Prasant Chandran
- Neurological Diseases Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, R47W, AP9A, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Michael D. Meyer
- Neurological Diseases Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, R47W, AP9A, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
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16
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The SAR studies of novel CB2 selective agonists, benzimidazolone derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3310-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2008] [Revised: 04/06/2008] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Frost JM, Dart MJ, Tietje KR, Garrison TR, Grayson GK, Daza AV, El-Kouhen OF, Miller LN, Li L, Yao BB, Hsieh GC, Pai M, Zhu CZ, Chandran P, Meyer MD. Indol-3-yl-tetramethylcyclopropyl Ketones: Effects of Indole Ring Substitution on CB2Cannabinoid Receptor Activity. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1904-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jm7011613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Abstract
The CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors have been described as two prime sites of action for endocannabinoids. Both the localization and pharmacology of these two G-protein-coupled receptors are well-described, and numerous selective ligands have been characterized. The physiological effects of Cannabis sativa (cannabis) and a throughout study of the endocannabinoid system allowed for the identification of several pathophysiological conditions--including obesity, dyslipidemia, addictions, inflammation, and allergies--in which blocking the cannabinoid receptors might be beneficial. Many CB1 receptor antagonists are now in clinical trials, and the results of several studies involving the CB1 antagonist lead compound rimonabant (SR141716A) are now available. This review describes the pharmacological tools that are currently available and the animal studies supporting the therapeutic use of cannabinoid receptor antagonists and inverse agonists. The data available from the clinical trials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio G Muccioli
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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19
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Cheng Y, Hitchcock SA. Targeting cannabinoid agonists for inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007; 16:951-65. [PMID: 17594182 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.16.7.951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The cannabinoid receptors CB(1) and CB(2) are class A G-protein-coupled receptors. It is well known that cannabinoid receptor agonists produce relief of pain in a variety of animal models by interacting with cannabinoid receptors. CB(1) receptors are located centrally and peripherally, whereas CB(2) receptors are expressed primarily on immune cells and tissues. A large body of preclinical data supports the hypothesis that either CB(2)-selective agonists or CB(1) agonists acting at peripheral sites, or with limited CNS exposure, will inhibit pain and neuroinflammation without side effects within the CNS. There has been a growing interest in developing cannabinoid agonists. Many new cannabinoid ligands have been synthesized and studied covering a wide variety of novel structural scaffolds. This review focuses on the present development of cannabinoid agonists with an emphasis on selective CB(2) agonists and peripherally restricted CB(1) or CB(1)/CB(2) dual agonists for treatment of inflammatory and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Amgen, Inc., Chemistry Research and Development, MS 29-2-C, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
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20
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Gluszok S, Goossens L, Depreux P, Barbry D, Hénichart J. Synthesis of the 7‐Azaindole (1H‐Pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridine) Analogous to Cannabimimetic JHW 200. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910600767504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Gluszok
- a Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, Université de Lille , Lille, France
| | - Laurence Goossens
- a Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, Université de Lille , Lille, France
| | - Patrick Depreux
- a Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, Université de Lille , Lille, France
| | - Didier Barbry
- b Laboratoire de Chimie Organique , Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille , Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Jean‐Pierre Hénichart
- a Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, Université de Lille , Lille, France
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21
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Kang L, McIntyre KW, Gillooly KM, Yang Y, Haycock J, Roberts S, Khanna A, Herpin TF, Yu G, Wu X, Morton GC, Tuerdi H, Koplowitz B, Walker SG, Wardwell-Swanson J, Macor JE, Lawrence RM, Carlson KE. A selective small molecule agonist of the melanocortin-1 receptor inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine accumulation and leukocyte infiltration in mice. J Leukoc Biol 2006; 80:897-904. [PMID: 16888084 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1204748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that melanocortins are peptides that have potent anti-inflammatory activity. Recent research has focused on understanding which of the known melanocortin receptors mediates the anti-inflammatory actions of the melanocortins. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of a synthetic MC-1R agonist. BMS-470539 is a potent, selective, full agonist of human and murine MC-1R with EC(50) values in a cAMP accumulation assay of 16.8 and 11.6 nM, respectively. BMS-470539 dose-dependently inhibited TNF-alpha-induced activation of a NF-kappaB transcriptional reporter in human melanoma cells, which endogenously express MC-1R. In vivo studies with BMS-470539 demonstrated that subcutaneous administration of BMS-470539 resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in BALB/c mice. In this model, the compound had an ED(50) of approximately 10 micromol/kg and a pharmacodynamic half-life of approximately 8 h. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the compound indicated that the compound had a t(1/2) of 1.7 h. In a model of lung inflammation, administration of 15 micromol/kg BMS-470539 resulted in a 45% reduction in LPS-induced leukocyte infiltration (an infiltrate comprised primarily of neutrophils). The compound was also effective in a model of delayed-type hypersensitivity, reducing paw swelling by 59%, comparable with that seen with 5 mg/kg dexamethasone. These studies demonstrate that a selective small molecule agonist of the melanocortin-1 receptor is a potent anti-inflammatory agent in vivo and provides compelling evidence for the involvement of this receptor in the modulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Kang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
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22
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Adam J, Cowley PM, Kiyoi T, Morrison AJ, Mort CJW. Recent progress in cannabinoid research. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2006; 44:207-329. [PMID: 16697899 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(05)44406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Adam
- Organon Research, Newhouse, Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK
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23
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Thakur GA, Nikas SP, Li C, Makriyannis A. Structural requirements for cannabinoid receptor probes. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2005:209-46. [PMID: 16596776 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-26573-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and cloning of CB1 and CB2, the two known G(i/o) protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors, as well as the isolation and characterization of two families of endogenous cannabinergic ligands represented by arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), have opened new horizons in this newly discovered field of biology. Furthermore, a considerable number of cannabinoid analogs belonging to structurally diverse classes of compounds have been synthesized and tested, thus providing substantial information on the structural requirements for cannabinoid receptor recognition and activation. Experiments with site-directed mutated receptors and computer modeling studies have suggested that these diverse classes of ligands may interact with the receptors through different binding motifs. The information about the exact binding site may be obtained with the help of suitably designed molecular probes. These ligands either interact with the receptors in a reversible fashion (reversible probes) or alternatively attach at or near the receptor active site with the formation of covalent bonds (irreversible probes). This review focuses on structural requirements of cannabinoid receptor ligands and highlights their pharmacological and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Thakur
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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24
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Dassonville A, Bretéché A, Evano J, Duflos M, le Baut G, Grimaud N, Petit JY. New N-pyridinyl(methyl)-indolalkanamides acting as topical inflammation inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:5441-4. [PMID: 15454241 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2004] [Revised: 07/13/2004] [Accepted: 07/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The authors have described the synthetic way to new N-pyridinyl(methyl)indolylpropanamides acting as non acidic NSAIDs. Pharmacomodulation was carried out at N-1 and C-5 of the indole ring and at the level of the propanamide chain. N-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-3-[5-chloro-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-indol-3-yl]propanamide 32 represents one of the most potent compounds evaluated in the TPA-induced mouse ear swelling assay, with a level of activity higher than that of ibuprofen and comparable to that of dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Dassonville
- Laboratoires de Chimie Organique et de Chimie Thérapeutique, UPRES EA 1155, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 Rue Gaston Veil, F-44035 Nantes, France
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25
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Hynes J, Doubleday WW, Dyckman AJ, Godfrey JD, Grosso JA, Kiau S, Leftheris K. N-Amination of Pyrrole and Indole Heterocycles with Monochloramine (NH2Cl). J Org Chem 2004; 69:1368-71. [PMID: 14961694 DOI: 10.1021/jo035587p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A survey of several electrophilic ammonia reagents for the N-amination of indole- and pyrrole-containing heterocycles revealed that monochloramine (NH(2)Cl) is an excellent reagent for this transformation. Pyrroles and indoles containing a variety of substitution were aminated on nitrogen with isolated yields ranging from 45% to 97%.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hynes
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA.
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26
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Wrobleski ST, Chen P, Hynes J, Lin S, Norris DJ, Pandit CR, Spergel S, Wu H, Tokarski JS, Chen X, Gillooly KM, Kiener PA, McIntyre KW, Patil-Koota V, Shuster DJ, Turk LA, Yang G, Leftheris K. Rational design and synthesis of an orally active indolopyridone as a novel conformationally constrained cannabinoid ligand possessing antiinflammatory properties. J Med Chem 2003; 46:2110-6. [PMID: 12747783 DOI: 10.1021/jm020329q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of unique indazoles and pyridoindolones have been rationally designed and synthesized as novel classes of cannabinoid ligands based on a proposed bioactive amide conformation. This has led to the discovery of the novel indolopyridone 3a as a conformationally constrained cannabinoid ligand that displays high affinity for the CB2 receptor (K(i)(CB2) = 1.0 nM) and possesses antiinflammatory properties when administered orally in an in vivo murine inflammation model.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemical synthesis
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Cannabinoids/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cricetinae
- Drug Design
- Female
- Humans
- Indoles/chemical synthesis
- Indoles/chemistry
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Inflammation/chemically induced
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Ligands
- Lipopolysaccharides
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Conformation
- Norbornanes/chemical synthesis
- Norbornanes/chemistry
- Norbornanes/pharmacology
- Pyridones/chemical synthesis
- Pyridones/chemistry
- Pyridones/pharmacology
- Receptors, Cannabinoid
- Receptors, Drug/agonists
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Wrobleski
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, USA.
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27
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Gallard A, Duflos M, Nourrisson MR, Le Baut G, Grimaud N, Petit JY. New N-pyridinyl(methyl)-N1-substituted-3-indolepropanamides acting as topical and systemic anti-inflammatory agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2003; 18:201-8. [PMID: 12943205 DOI: 10.1080/1475636032000069873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Pyridinyl(methyl)-N1-substituted-3-indolepropanamides (17-32) were prepared starting from the corresponding acids and screened for their anti-inflammatory activity. Pharmacomodulation was carried out on the indole and amidic nitrogens by incorporation of substituents associated with higher potency in previously synthesized related 3-indolepropanamides series. In the inhibition of topical inflammation determined by reduction of ear thickness in the acute PMA mouse ear swelling test, high levels of activity (ID50 approximately 0.030 mMol kg(-1)) were noticed for the five propanamides 17, 21, 22, 27 and 31. A comparative study showed the positive influence of a methyl group at the indole nitrogen in the 4-pyridinyl sub-series (1 --> 21) and of a 4-fluorobenzyl group in the 3-pyridinylmethyl sub-series (19 --> 31), at least after oral administration. After topical application, although compounds 17, 21, 22, 27 and 31 exerted significant (50%) ear edema inhibition at 2 x 50 microg/ear, they remained less potent than 24,29 and 30 (almost 70% inhibition). Among these eight amides, only 17, 21, 22 and 27 showed a significant activity in the carrageenan rat paw aedema model at 0.2 mMol kg(-1). Finally, although less active than the N-(4-pyridinyl) amide 21, the N-4,6-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl derivatives 17 and 27 were devoid of the toxic effects observed with 21 and to a lesser extent with 22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Gallard
- Laboratoires de Chimie Organique et de Chimie Thérapeutique, UPRES EA 1155, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue Gaston Veil, F-44035 Nantes, France
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