1
|
Chen PH, Hsu SJ, Chen CC, Fu JC, Hou DR. Synthesis of Diarylamines via Nitrosonium-Initiated C-N Bond Formation. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10316-10326. [PMID: 38950197 PMCID: PMC11267615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Electron-rich diarylamines, exemplified by anisole-derived amines, play pivotal roles in process chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and materials. In this study, homo-diarylamines were synthesized directly from the C-H activation of electron-rich arenes by sodium nitrate/trifluoroacetic acid and the successive treatment of iron powder. Mechanistic investigations reveal that nitrosoarene serves as the reaction intermediate, and the formation of the second C-N bond between the resulting nitrosoarene and electron-rich arene is catalyzed by the nitrosonium ion (NO+). Thus, hetero-diarylamines were synthesized using preformed nitrosoarenes and various electron-rich arenes. This reaction complements a range of cross-coupling reactions catalyzed by transition metal catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cheng-Chun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, 300 Jhong-Da Rd., Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chen Fu
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, 300 Jhong-Da Rd., Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
| | - Duen-Ren Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, 300 Jhong-Da Rd., Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Prabha K, Satheeshkumar R, Nasif V, Saranya J, Sayin K, Natarajan J, Chandrasekar C, Rajendra Prasad KJ. Synthesis, In Vitro Cytotoxicity, and DFT Studies of Novel 2‐Amino Substituted Benzonaphthyridines as PDK1 Inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kolandaivel Prabha
- Department of Chemistry K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology Tiruchengode 637215, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Rajendran Satheeshkumar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Química y de Farmacia Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile 702843 Santiago Chile
| | - Vesim Nasif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Sivas Cumhuriyet University 58140 Sivas Turkey
| | - Jayapalan Saranya
- Department of Bioinformatics School of Life Sciences Pondicherry University Puducherry 605014 India
| | - Koray Sayin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Sivas Cumhuriyet University 58140 Sivas Turkey
| | - Jeyakumar Natarajan
- Department of Bioinformatics Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Chinnarasu Chandrasekar
- Department of Chemistry K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology Tiruchengode 637215, Tamil Nadu India
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Oliveras JM, Puig de la Bellacasa R, Estrada-Tejedor R, Teixidó J, Borrell JI. 1,6-Naphthyridin-2(1 H)-ones: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1029. [PMID: 34681253 PMCID: PMC8539032 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Naphthyridines, also known as diazanaphthalenes, are a group of heterocyclic compounds that include six isomeric bicyclic systems containing two pyridine rings. 1,6-Naphthyridines are one of the members of such a family capable of providing ligands for several receptors in the body. Among such structures, 1,6-naphthyridin-2(1H)-ones (7) are a subfamily that includes more than 17,000 compounds (with a single or double bond between C3 and C4) included in more than 1000 references (most of them patents). This review will cover the analysis of the diversity of the substituents present at positions N1, C3, C4, C5, C7, and C8 of 1,6-naphthyridin-2(1H)-ones, the synthetic methods used for their synthesis (both starting from a preformed pyridine or pyridone ring), and the biomedical applications of such compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José I. Borrell
- Grup de Química Farmacèutica, IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.O.); (R.P.d.l.B.); (R.E.-T.); (J.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lavanya M, Lin C, Mao J, Thirumalai D, Aabaka SR, Yang X, Mao J, Huang Z, Zhao J. Synthesis and Anticancer Properties of Functionalized 1,6-Naphthyridines. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:13. [PMID: 33624162 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The burgeoning interest in synthesis and biological applications of 1,6-naphthyridines reflects the importance of 1,6-naphthyridines in the synthetic as well as medicinal chemistry fields. Specially, 1,6-naphthyridines are pharmacologically active, with variety of applications such as anticancer, anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), anti-microbial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. Although collective recent synthetic developments have paved a path to a wide range of functionalized 1,6-naphthyridines, a complete correlation of synthesis with biological activity remains elusive. The current review focuses on recent synthetic developments from the last decade and a thorough study of the anticancer activity of 1,6-naphthyridines on different cancer cell lines. Anticancer activity has been correlated to 1,6-naphthyridines using the literature on the structure-activity relationship (SAR) along with molecular modeling studies. Exceptionally, at the end of this review, the utility of 1,6-naphthyridines displaying activities other than anticancer has also been included as a glimmering extension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mallu Lavanya
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Xindu, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Xindu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jincheng Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Xindu, People's Republic of China.
| | | | - Sreenath Reddy Aabaka
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Xindu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Xindu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Xindu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhou Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Xindu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yousif MNM, Soliman HA, Said MM, Hassan NA, Abdel-Megeid FME. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Triacetonamine. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363220030202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
6
|
Narasimhamurthy KH, Chandra, Swaroop TR, Jagadish S, Rangappa KS. Synthesis of Piperidine Conjugated Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones and their Antiproliferative Activity, Molecular Docking Studies and DFT Calculations. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666190613120349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Xanthatin, fluoropyrimidine and thienopyrimidine, pyrazolopyrimidine,
pyrimidine carboxamides, and SKLB1002 are reported as VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Recently, many studies related to different heterocycles conjugated with dihydroquinazolinones are
known to have very good biological activities. In this study, we are intended to explore the cytotoxic
studies of piperidine conjugated dihydroquinazolinones against colorectal/colon cancer cell lines and
along with molecular docking studies and DFT calculations.
Methods:
The colorectal/colon cell lines HCT116 and A549 cell lines were treated with these
compounds and cytotoxic activities were evaluated by MTT dye uptake method. We performed
molecular modelling for compound 3d using the Auto Dock software. The binding of compound 3d
with target proteins was studied with the collection of experimentally determined PDB database.
Optimized geometry by DFT calculations was performed with B3LYP/6-31G (d) basis set.
Results:
Piperidine-conjugated dihydroquinazolinone analogues displayed anticancer activity.
Particularly, the compound 3d with electron-withdrawing substituents on a phenyl ring showed
significant cytotoxicity against HCT116 and A549 cell lines. Molecular docking studies proved that
the compound 3d has good fitting by forming hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues at the active
sites of VEGFR2. The HOMO, LUMO, their energies and UV visible spectrum were predicted using
DFT calculations.
Conclusion:
Four piperidine-conjugated dihydroquinazolinones were synthesized and evaluated
against colorectal and colon cancer cell lines. Compound 3d significantly inhibited the growth of
HCT116 and A549. Molecular docking studies displayed good fitting of compound 3d by forming
different H-bonds with the amino acid at the active sites of the VEGFR2 target. Using a theoretical
approach, we optimized HOMO and LUMO plots for the compound 3d.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chandra
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru 570008, India
| | | | - Swamy Jagadish
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570006, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Badolato M, Aiello F, Neamati N. 2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1 H)-one as a privileged scaffold in drug design. RSC Adv 2018; 8:20894-20921. [PMID: 35542353 PMCID: PMC9080947 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02827c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4-one (DHQ) belongs to the class of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds representing a core structural component in various biologically active compounds. In the past decades, several methodologies have been developed for the synthesis of the DHQ framework, especially the 2-substituted derivatives. Unfortunately, multistep syntheses, harsh reaction conditions, and the use of toxic reagents and solvents have limited their full potential as a versatile fragment. Recently, use of green chemistry and alternative strategies are being explored to prepare diverse DHQ derivatives. This fragment is used as a synthon for the preparation of biologically active quinazolinones and as a functional substrate for the synthesis of modified DHQ derivatives exhibiting different biological properties. In this review, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the synthesis and biological evaluations of DHQ derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Badolato
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria Ed. Polifunzionale 87036 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex 1600 Huron Parkway Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria Ed. Polifunzionale 87036 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex 1600 Huron Parkway Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu X, Chen P, Li X, Ba M, Jiao X, Guo Y, Xie P. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted (+)-SG-1 derivatives as novel anti-HIV agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1699-1703. [PMID: 29699924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SG-1 was previously identified as a potent Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) which works through inhibition of reverse transcriptase (RT) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity via a direct binding event. To further investigate the relationship between its structure and activity, four series of novel analogues were designed and synthesized with 12 of them inhibiting HIV-1 replication with IC50s in the range 0.09-6.71 μM. Compound 4b, 4c, 4f, 2 and 6b were further tested on two NNRTI-resistant HIV-1 strains and one NNRTI-resistant superbug. The result showed that RT- E138K/M184V mutant virus conferred 4.7-9.1-fold resistance to 4c, 4f, 2 and 6b, but only showed slight resistance to 4b (2-fold) which was better than SG-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Ba
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Synthetic strategy with representation on mechanistic pathway for the therapeutic applications of dihydroquinazolinones. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:596-630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
10
|
Prabha K, Prasad KJR. Dinaphthonaphthyridines – a class of novel molecules with potent antioxidant and anticancer activity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20270k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
11
|
Fischer S, Koeberle SC, Laufer SA. p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors, a patent review (2005 – 2011). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:1843-66. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.636737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
12
|
Lumeras W, Vidal L, Vidal B, Balagué C, Orellana A, Maldonado M, Domínguez M, Segarra V, Caturla F. 1,7-Naphthyridine 1-oxides as novel potent and selective inhibitors of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase. J Med Chem 2011; 54:7899-910. [PMID: 21999461 DOI: 10.1021/jm200975u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and ability to inhibit p38α MAP kinase by a novel series of naphthyridine N-oxides will be described. Some of these compounds showed a significant reduction in the LPS-induced TNFα production in human whole blood. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that N-oxide oxygen was essential for activity and was probably a determinant factor for its marked selectivity against other related kinases. After an extensive SAR exercise, several compounds from this series were identified as very potent p38α inhibitors. In vivo efficacy of some derivatives was demonstrated to reduce TNFα levels in an acute murine model of inflammation (ED(50) = 0.5 mg/kg in LPS-induced TNFα production when dosed orally 1.5 h prior to LPS administration). The oral efficacy was further demonstrated in a chronic model of adjuvant arthritis in rats with established disease when administered orally (ED(50) < 1 mg/kg).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenceslao Lumeras
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Almirall Research Center , Almirall S.A., Ctra. Laureà Miró 408, E-08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mekheimer RA, Ibrahim YR, Ahmed EA, Frey W. Naphthyridines. Part 3: First example of the polyfunctionally substituted 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-g][1,6]naphthyridines ring system. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
14
|
Lumeras W, Caturla F, Vidal L, Esteve C, Balagué C, Orellana A, Domínguez M, Roca R, Huerta JM, Godessart N, Vidal B. Design, Synthesis, and Structure−Activity Relationships of Aminopyridine N-Oxides, a Novel Scaffold for the Potent and Selective Inhibition of p38 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5531-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jm9008604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ramón Roca
- Department of Computational and Structural Drug Discovery
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shashi Nayana MR, Sekhar YN, Siva Kumari N, Mahmood SK, Ravikumar M. CoMFA and docking studies on triazolopyridine oxazole derivatives as p38 MAP kinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:1261-9. [PMID: 17825954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With the objective to design new chemical entities with enhanced inhibitory potencies against p38 MAP alpha kinase, the 3D-QSAR and Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) studies were carried out on triazolopyridine oxazole compounds as inhibitors of these kinase is presented here. The developed model gave q(2) value of 0.707 and r(2) value of 0.942 for CoMFA. The high leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validated correlation coefficient q(2) reveals that the model is a useful tool for the prediction of test set of 19 compounds that were not included in the training set of 55 compounds. The results not only lead to better understanding of structural requirements of p38 alpha inhibitors but also can help in the design of new potent inhibitors. The binding mode of the compounds at the active site of p38 MAP alpha kinase was explored using Glide docking program and hydrogen-bonding interactions were observed between the inhibitors and the target. The details of amino acid interactions of the active site are discussed briefly and correlated with the contour plots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ravi Shashi Nayana
- Bioinformatics Division, Environmental Microbiology Lab, Department of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, A.P., India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Synthesis and biological activity of quinolinone and dihydroquinolinone p38 MAP kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2222-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Revised: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
17
|
Natarajan SR, Heller ST, Nam K, Singh SB, Scapin G, Patel S, Thompson JE, Fitzgerald CE, O'Keefe SJ. p38 MAP kinase inhibitors. Part 6: 2-Arylpyridazin-3-ones as templates for inhibitor design. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5809-13. [PMID: 16945533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2006] [Revised: 08/15/2006] [Accepted: 08/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
p38 inhibitors based on 3,4-dihydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidazin-2-one template were synthesized and their SAR explored. Benchmark compounds 30, 35, and 36 were found to be potent against the enzyme. Crystal structure of p38 in complex with 30 indicated a key pi-stacking interaction with the pendant tyrosine residue-35 in the glycine-rich loop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swaminathan R Natarajan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cvetovich RJ, Reamer RA, DiMichele L, Chung JYL, Chilenski JR. Unique Tandem Heck-Lactamization Naphthyridinone Ring Formation between Acrylanilides and Halogenated Pyridines. J Org Chem 2006; 71:8610-3. [PMID: 17064040 DOI: 10.1021/jo0613479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Heck coupling of acrylanilides with 4-bromo-2-chloro-3-iodo-pyridine using palladium acetate can produce bis-Heck products or undergo an unusual tandem Heck-lactamization ring formation to generate 5-chloro-1-aryl-1,6-naphthyridin-2(1H)-ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Cvetovich
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chung JYL, Cvetovich RJ, McLaughlin M, Amato J, Tsay FR, Jensen M, Weissman S, Zewge D. Synthesis of a Naphthyridone p38 MAP Kinase Inhibitor. J Org Chem 2006; 71:8602-9. [PMID: 17064039 DOI: 10.1021/jo061618f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Compound 1 is a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor potentially useful for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. A novel six-step synthesis suitable for large-scale preparation was developed in support of a drug development program at Merck Research Laboratories. The key steps include a tandem Heck-lactamization, N-oxidation, and a highly chemoselective Grignard addition of 4-(N-tert-butylpiperidinyl)magnesium chloride to a naphthyridone N-oxide. The N-oxide exerted complete chemoselectivity via chelation in directing the Grignard addition to the alpha position as opposed to 1,4-addition on the ene-lactam. The dihydropyridyl adduct was in situ aromatized with isobutylchloroformate followed by heating in pyridine. Syntheses of Grignard precursor, N-tert-butyl-4-chloro-piperidine, were accomplished via transamination with a quaternary ammonium piperidone or via addition of methylmagnesium chloride to an iminium ion. Utilizing this chemistry, multi-kilogram preparation of compound 1 was successfully demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Y L Chung
- Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07965, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Natarajan SR, Liu L, Levorse M, Thompson JE, O'Neill EA, O'Keefe SJ, Vora KA, Cvetovich R, Chung JY, Carballo-Jane E, Visco DM. p38 MAP kinase inhibitors. Part 5: Discovery of an orally bio-available and highly efficacious compound based on the 7-amino-naphthyridone scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5468-71. [PMID: 16945534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2006] [Revised: 06/07/2006] [Accepted: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new sub-class of p38 inhibitors represented by 7-amino-naphthyridone have been discovered. Benchmark compound 16 potently inhibited p38 in vitro, was functionally active, and displayed excellent pharmacokinetic profiles in two animal species. Compound 16 reduced inflammation in animal disease models at EC(50) doses as low as 0.2mpk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swaminathan R Natarajan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bao J, Hunt JA, Miao S, Rupprecht KM, Stelmach JE, Liu L, Ruzek RD, Sinclair PJ, Pivnichny JV, Hop CECA, Kumar S, Zaller DM, Shoop WL, O'neill EA, O'keefe SJ, Thompson CM, Cubbon RM, Wang R, Zhang WX, Thompson JE, Doherty JB. p38 MAP kinase inhibitors: Metabolically stabilized piperidine-substituted quinolinones and naphthyridinones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:64-8. [PMID: 16242322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Revised: 09/17/2005] [Accepted: 09/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quinolinones and naphthyridinones with C7 N-t-butyl piperidine substituents were found to be potent p38 MAP kinase inhibitors. These compounds significantly suppress TNF-alpha release in both cellular and LPS-stimulated whole blood assays. They also displayed excellent PK profiles across three animal species. Quinolinone at 10 mpk showed comparable oral efficacy to that of dexamethasone at 1 mpk in a murine collagen-induced arthritis model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Bao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Abstract
The recent successful introduction of the anti-cytokine biologicals Etanercept, Infliximab, Adalimumab, and Anakinra has stimulated the search for anti-cytokine small-molecules. A number of molecular targets have been identified for the development of such small molecular anti-cytokine agents. The focus of this review will be on those inhibitors of cytokine production, which target either p38 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase, TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE), or IL-1beta converting enzyme (ICE). P38 MAP kinase occupies a central role in the signaling network responsible for the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines like interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and TNF-alpha, and regulates their biosynthesis at both the transcriptional and translational level. TACE and ICE are two proteases required for the processing of proTNF-alpha and proIL-1beta, respectively into their mature, proinflammatory form. Since the mid-1990s, a plethora of inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase, TACE, and ICE has been characterized in vitro, and individual representatives from all three inhibitor classes have in the meantime been advanced into clinical trials. This review will highlight the correlation between effective inhibition at the molecular target and cellular activity in functional assays of cytokine, particularly TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, production. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) will be discussed regarding activity at the respective enzyme target, but also with regard to properties required for efficient in vitro and in vivo cellular activity (e.g., oral availability, solubility, cell penetration, etc.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Wagner
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, England
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Concomitant ring contraction cyclization strategy for the synthesis of novel 4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-pyrroloquinolines. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
25
|
Yu Q, Kovacs C, Yue FY, Ostrowski MA. The Role of the p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase, and Phosphoinositide-3-OH Kinase Signal Transduction Pathways in CD40 Ligand-Induced Dendritic Cell Activation and Expansion of Virus-Specific CD8+T Cell Memory Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:6047-56. [PMID: 15128788 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mature dendritic cells (DCs) are central to the development of optimal T cell immune responses. CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154) is one of the most potent maturation stimuli for immature DCs. We studied the role of three signaling pathways, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase (PI3K), in CD40L-induced monocyte-derived DC activation, survival, and expansion of virus-specific CD8(+) T cell responses. p38 MAPK pathway was critical for CD40L-mediated up-regulation of CD83, a marker of DC maturation. CD40L-induced monocyte-derived DC IL-12 production was mediated by both the p38 MAPK and PI3K pathways. CD40L-mediated DC survival was mostly mediated by the PI3K pathway, with smaller contributions by p38 MAPK and ERK pathways. Finally, the p38 MAPK pathway was most important in mediating CD40L-stimulated DCs to induce strong allogeneic responses as well as expanding virus-specific memory CD8(+) T cell responses. Thus, although the p38 MAPK, PI3K, and ERK pathways independently affect various parameters of DC maturation induced by CD40L, the p38 MAPK pathway within CD40L-conditioned DCs is the most important pathway to maximally elicit T cell immune responses. This pathway should be exploited in vivo to either completely suppress or enhance CD8(+) T cell immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qigui Yu
- Clinical Sciences Division and. St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dombroski MA, Letavic MA, McClure KF, Barberia JT, Carty TJ, Cortina SR, Csiki C, Dipesa AJ, Elliott NC, Gabel CA, Jordan CK, Labasi JM, Martin WH, Peese KM, Stock IA, Svensson L, Sweeney FJ, Yu CH. Benzimidazolone p38 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:919-23. [PMID: 15012994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2003] [Revised: 11/21/2003] [Accepted: 12/02/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and in vitro p38 alpha activity of a novel series of benzimidazolone inhibitors is described. The p38 alpha SAR is consistent with a mode of binding wherein the benzimidazolone carbonyl serves as the H-bond acceptor to Met109 of p38 alpha in a manner analogous to the pyridine nitrogen of prototypical pyridylimidazole p38 inhibitors. Potent p38 alpha activity comparable to that of several previously reported p38 inhibitors is observed for this novel chemotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Dombroski
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fitzgerald CE, Patel SB, Becker JW, Cameron PM, Zaller D, Pikounis VB, O'Keefe SJ, Scapin G. Structural basis for p38alpha MAP kinase quinazolinone and pyridol-pyrimidine inhibitor specificity. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2003; 10:764-9. [PMID: 12897767 DOI: 10.1038/nsb949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2003] [Accepted: 05/13/2003] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The quinazolinone and pyridol-pyrimidine classes of p38 MAP kinase inhibitors have a previously unseen degree of specificity for p38 over other MAP kinases. Comparison of the crystal structures of p38 bound to four different compounds shows that binding of the more specific molecules is characterized by a peptide flip between Met109 and Gly110. Gly110 is a residue specific to the alpha, beta and gamma isoforms of p38. The delta isoform and the other MAP kinases have bulkier residues in this position. These residues would likely make the peptide flip energetically unfavorable, thus explaining the selectivity of binding. To test this hypothesis, we constructed G110A and G110D mutants of p38 and measured the potency of several compounds against them. The results confirm that the selectivity of quinazolinones and pyridol-pyrimidines results from the presence of a glycine in position 110. This unique mode of binding may be exploited in the design of new p38 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Fitzgerald
- Department of Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yin W, Doss GA, Stearns RA, Chaudhary AG, Hop CE, Franklin RB, Kumar S. A novel P450-catalyzed transformation of the 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine moiety to a 2,2-dimethyl pyrrolidine in human liver microsomes: characterization by high resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 1H-NMR. Drug Metab Dispos 2003; 31:215-23. [PMID: 12527703 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.31.2.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe herein a novel metabolic fate of the 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine (2,2,6,6-TMPi) moiety to a ring-contracted 2,2-dimethyl pyrrolidine (2,2-DMPy) in human liver microsomal incubations. The existence of this pathway was demonstrated for three compounds (I-III) of varied structures suggesting that this may be a general biotransformation reaction for the 2,2,6,6-TMPi moiety. The 2,2-DMPy metabolites formed in incubations of the three compounds with human liver microsomes were characterized by online high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a high resolution hybrid quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Suggested elemental composition obtained from accurate mass measurements of the molecular ions and fragment ions of the metabolites clearly indicated the loss of a mass equivalent to C(3)H(6) from the parent 2,2,6,6-TMPi functionality. Additional accurate tandem mass spectrometry data indicated that one of the original two gem-dimethyl groups was intact in the metabolite structure. Proof of a ring-contracted 2,2-DMPy structure was obtained using (1)H-NMR experiments on a metabolite purified from liver microsomal incubations, which showed only two geminal methyl groups, instead of four in the parent compound. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy and decoupling experiments established aliphatic protons arranged in a pyrrolidine ring pattern. The fact that the formation of 2,2-DMPy metabolites in human liver microsomes was NADPH-dependent suggested that this novel metabolic reaction was catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 (P450) enzyme(s). Immunoinhibition studies in human liver microsomal incubations using anti-P450 monoclonal antibodies and experiments with insect cell microsomes containing individually expressed recombinant human P450 isozymes indicated that multiple P450 isozymes were capable of catalyzing this novel metabolic transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Yin
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|