1
|
Meanwell NA, Loiseleur O. Applications of Isosteres of Piperazine in the Design of Biologically Active Compounds: Part 1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10942-10971. [PMID: 35675050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Piperazine and homopiperazine are well-studied heterocycles in drug design that have found gainful application as scaffolds and terminal elements and for enhancing the aqueous solubility of a molecule. The optimization of drug candidates that incorporate these heterocycles in an effort to refine potency, selectivity, and developability properties has stimulated the design and evaluation of a wide range of bioisosteres that can offer advantage. In this review, we summarize the design and application of bioisosteres of piperazine and homopiperazine that have almost exclusively been in the drug design arena. While there are ∼100 approved drugs that incorporate a piperazine ring, only a single marketed agricultural product is built on this heterocycle. As part of the review, we discuss some of the potential reasons underlying the relatively low level of importance of this heterocycle to the design of agrochemicals and highlight the potential opportunities for their use in contemporary research programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Meanwell
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Olivier Loiseleur
- Syngenta Crop Protection Research, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein CH-4332, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tomassoli I, Gündisch D. The twin drug approach for novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4375-4389. [PMID: 26142318 PMCID: PMC4527756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The association of two pharmacophoric entities generates so-called 'twin drugs' or dimer derivatives. We applied this approach for the design of a small compound library for the interaction with α4β2(∗) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). In this compound series, the nAChR ligand N,N-dimethyl-2-(pyridin-3-yloxy)ethan-1-amine 9 served as one pharmacological entity and it was initially kept constant as one part of the 'twin' compound. 'Twin' compounds with identical or non-identical entities using the 'no linker mode' or 'overlap' mode were synthesized and evaluated for their nAChR affinities. Compound 17a showed the highest affinity for the α4β2(∗) nAChR subtype (Ki=0.188 nM) and its (di)fluoro analogs could retain nanomolar affinities, when replacing pyridine as the hydrogen bond acceptor system by mono- or difluoro-phenyls. The 'twin drug' approach proved to provide compounds with high affinity and subtype selectivity for α4β2(∗) nAChRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Tomassoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Daniela Gündisch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang D, Zheng X, Shao G, Ling Z, Xu H. Discovery of a novel series of phenyl pyrazole inner salts based on fipronil as potential dual-target insecticides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3577-3583. [PMID: 24689457 DOI: 10.1021/jf405512e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel phenyl pyrazole inner salt derivatives based on fipronil were designed and synthesized in the search for dual-target insecticides. These compounds were designed to target two families of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and γ-aminobutyric acid receptors. The insecticidal activities of the new compounds against diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) were evaluated. The results of bioassays indicated that most of the inner salts showed moderate to high activities, of which the phenyl pyrazole inner salts containing quinoline had excellent biological activity. Previous structure-activity relationship studies revealed that a suitable structure of the quaternary ammonium salts was critical for the bioactivity of phenyl pyrazole inner salts, which contribute to exposing the cationic nitrogen to bind to the receptor (for instance, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors) and possibly interact with the receptor via hydrogen bonding and cooperative π-π interaction. The present work demonstrates that the insecticidal potency of phenyl pyrazole inner salts holds promise for the development new dual-target phenyl pyrazole insecticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arias HR, López JJ, Feuerbach D, Fierro A, Ortells MO, Pérez EG. Novel 2-(substituted benzyl)quinuclidines inhibit human α7 and α4β2 nicotinic receptors by different mechanisms. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2420-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
5
|
Pérez EG, Ocampo C, Feuerbach D, López JJ, Morelo GL, Tapia RA, Arias HR. Novel 1-(1-benzyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N,N-trimethylmethanaminium iodides are competitive antagonists for the human α4β2 and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00042g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
6
|
Synthesis and structure–analgesic activity relationships of a novel series of monospirocyclopiperazinium salts (MSPZ). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:940-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
Siwek A, Wujec M, Plech T, Kuśmierz E, Jagiełło-Wójtowicz E, Chodkowska A. Structure-activity relationship of s-triazoles and thiadiazoles as analgesics. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
8
|
Sun Q, Yue CQ, Ye J, Li CL, Cheng TM, Li RT. Unique spirocyclopiperazinium salt III: Further investigation of monospirocyclopiperazinium (MSPZ) salts as potential analgesics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:6245-9. [PMID: 17889526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Revised: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Two novel classes of monospirocyclopiperazinium salts were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vivo analgesic activities. Some interesting structure-activity relationships are revealed: (1) Spirocyclopiperazinium moiety is favorable to improve the analgesic activity; (2) The size and conformation of spirocyclopiperazinium moiety significantly affects the analgesic activity; (3) Phenylethyl group of 3d is a crucial pharmacophore. Among the compounds synthesized, 3d exhibited the most potent activity with low toxicity. Further antinociceptive mechanism studies of 3d showed that these compounds will be a new kind of analgesics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ragab HM, Kim JS, Dukat M, Navarro H, Glennon RA. Aryloxyethylamines: Binding at α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4283-6. [PMID: 16765047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Revised: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structure-affinity relationships for the binding of 3-[2-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)ethoxy]pyridine (AXPQ) at alpha7 nACh receptors were investigated due to its close structural similarity to a known alpha7 antagonist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan M Ragab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23298-0540, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Daly JW. Nicotinic Agonists, Antagonists, and Modulators From Natural Sources. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2005; 25:513-52. [PMID: 16075378 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-005-3968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2004] [Accepted: 04/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
1. Acetylcholine receptors were initially defined as nicotinic or muscarinic, based on selective activation by two natural products, nicotine and muscarine. Several further nicotinic agonists have been discovered from natural sources, including cytisine, anatoxin, ferruginine, anabaseine, epibatidine, and epiquinamide. These have provided lead structures for the design of a wide range of synthetic agents. 2. Natural sources have also provided competitive nicotinic antagonists, such as the Erythrina alkaloids, the tubocurarines, and methyllycaconitine. Noncompetitive antagonists, such as the histrionicotoxins, various izidines, decahydroquinolines, spiropyrrolizidine oximes, pseudophrynamines, ibogaine, strychnine, cocaine, and sparteine have come from natural sources. Finally, galanthamine, codeine, and ivermectin represent positive modulators of nicotinic function, derived from natural sources. 3. Clearly, research on acetylcholine receptors and functions has been dependent on key natural products and the synthetic agents that they inspired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W Daly
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guandalini L, Martini E, Dei S, Manetti D, Scapecchi S, Teodori E, Romanelli MN, Varani K, Greco G, Spadola L, Novellino E. Design of novel nicotinic ligands through 3D database searching. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:799-807. [PMID: 15653347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2004] [Accepted: 10/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of quinoline derivatives have been designed on the basis of results from a 3D search of the Cambridge Structural Database using the nicotinic pharmacophore as a query and further modified using molecular modeling. Some of the synthesized compounds show nanomolar affinity for the central nicotinic receptor on rat cerebral cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Guandalini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Gündisch D, Andrä M, Munoz L, Cristina Tilotta M. Synthesis and evaluation of phenylcarbamate derivatives as ligands for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:4953-62. [PMID: 15336274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2004] [Accepted: 06/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Phenylcarbamate derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in radioligand binding assays for different nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes. Carbamate derivatives bearing a pyrrolidine or piperidine moiety 8-20 exhibited much lower affinity for alpha7* nAChR than the analogues in the quinuclidine series 21-25, although the same structural elements are present. Furthermore, in contrast to the quinuclidine analogues 21-25, all (S)-pyrrolidine derivatives 8-12 and the piperidine analogues 15 and 16 exhibited higher affinities for alpha4beta2* nAChR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gündisch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rhein. Friedr.-Wilhelm-University, Kreuzbergweg 26, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Progress towards the development of alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor pharmacophores is reviewed from the early Beers and Riech model to the newer vector models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Glennon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Glennon RA. 2. Medicinal chemistry of alpha4beta2 nicotinic cholinergic receptor ligands. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2004; 42:55-123. [PMID: 15003719 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(04)42002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Glennon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 581 MCV Station, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dogruer D, Lee M, Dukat M, Damaj MI, Martin BR, Glennon RA. 3-(4-Aminobutyn-1-yl)pyridines: binding at α4β2 nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:523-6. [PMID: 14698195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The binding of a series pyridylbutynylamines 6 was examined at alpha4beta2 nACh receptors. Structural modifications, comparing 6 with pyridyl ethers 2, did not consistently result in parallel effects on receptor affinity, suggesting possible differences in their modes of binding. Furthermore, the binding of amine 6a seemed to be accounted for by the newer vector pharmacophore models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Dogruer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA 23298-0540, Richmond, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|