1
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Hedrick SL, Luo D, Kaska S, Niloy KK, Jackson K, Sarma R, Horn J, Baynard C, Leggas M, Butelman ER, Kreek MJ, Prisinzano TE. Design, synthesis, and preliminary evaluation of a potential synthetic opioid rescue agent. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:62. [PMID: 34503531 PMCID: PMC8427951 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00758-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most prominent opioid analgesics in the United States is the high potency agonist fentanyl. It is used in the treatment of acute and chronic pain and as an anesthetic adjuvant. When used inappropriately, however, ingestion of just a few milligrams of fentanyl or other synthetic opioid can cause opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD), often leading to death. Currently, the treatment of choice for OIRD is the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. Recent reports, however, suggest that higher doses or repeated dosing of naloxone (due to recurrence of respiratory depression) may be required to reverse fully fentanyl-induced respiratory depression, rendering this treatment inadequate. To combat this synthetic opioid overdose crisis, this research aims at identifying a novel opioid reversal agent with enhanced efficacy towards fentanyl and other synthetic opioids. Methods A series of naltrexone analogues were characterized for their ability to antagonize the effects of fentanyl in vitro utilizing a modified forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation assay. Lead analogue 29 was chosen to undergo further PK studies, followed by in vivo pharmacological analysis to determine its ability to antagonize opioid-induced antinociception in the hot plate assay. Results A series of potent MOR antagonists were identified, including the highly potent analogue 29 (IC50 = 2.06 nM). Follow-up PK studies revealed 29 to possess near 100% bioavailability following IP administration. Brain concentrations of 29 surpassed plasma concentrations, with an apparent terminal half-life of ~ 80 min in mice. In the hot plate assay, 29 dose-dependently (0.01–0.1 mg/kg; IP) and fully antagonized the antinociception induced by oxycodone (5.6 mg/kg; IP). Furthermore, the dose of 29 that is fully effective in preventing oxycodone-induced antinociception (0.1 mg/kg) was ineffective against locomotor deficits caused by the KOR agonist U50,488. Conclusions Methods have been developed that have utility to identify enhanced rescue agents for the treatment of OIRD. Analogue 29, possessing potent MOR antagonist activity in vitro and in vivo, provides a promising lead in our search for an enhanced synthetic opioid rescue agent. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-021-00758-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidnee L Hedrick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Sophia Kaska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Kumar Kulldeep Niloy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Karen Jackson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Rupam Sarma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jamie Horn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Caroline Baynard
- Laboratory on the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Markos Leggas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Eduardo R Butelman
- Laboratory on the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- Laboratory on the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Thomas E Prisinzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA. .,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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2
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An insight into the medicinal perspective of synthetic analogs of indole: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:562-612. [PMID: 31344615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Heterocycles occupy a salient place in chemistry due to their wide range of activity in the fields of drug design, photochemistry, agrochemicals, dyes, and so on. Amongst all, indole scaffold is considered as one of the most promising heterocycles found in natural and synthetic sources and has been shown to possess various biological activity, including anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, antitubercular, antimalarial, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, analgesics, antidepressant, anticancer, antioxidant, antifungal, and antimicrobial, etc. All the reported indole molecules bind to multiple receptors with high affinity, thus expedite the research on the development of novel biologically active compounds through the various approach. In this review, we aimed to highlight synthetic and medicinal perspective on the development of indole-based analogs. In addition, structural activity relationship (SAR) study to correlate for their biological activity also discussed.
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3
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Neumeyer JL, Zhang B, Zhang T, Sromek AW, Knapp BI, Cohen DJ, Bidlack JM. Synthesis, binding affinity, and functional in vitro activity of 3-benzylaminomorphinan and 3-benzylaminomorphine ligands at opioid receptors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3878-90. [PMID: 22439881 PMCID: PMC3375359 DOI: 10.1021/jm3001086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-benzylamino-3-desoxymorphinan (I) and 3-benzylamino-3-desoxymorphine (II) derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their binding affinities, and functional activity data are presented at MOR, KOR, and DOR. Some of these ligands were found to have high binding affinity at MOR and KOR and displayed increased selectivity at MOR over KOR and DOR compared to butorphan or cyclorphan. The most selective compound, 3-(3'-hydroxybenzyl)amino-17-methylmorphinan (4g) (24-fold MOR to KOR and 1700-fold MOR to DOR) also showed high binding affinity (0.42 nM to MOR) and was a full agonist in the [(35)S]GTPγS binding assay. 2-(3'-Hydroxybenzyl)amino-17-cyclopropylmethylmorphinan (17) was found to be a KOR-selective ligand (150-fold over MOR and >10000-fold over the DORs). Most 3-benzylaminomorphinan derivatives were partial agonists at MOR and full agonists at KOR in the [(35)S]GTPγS binding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Neumeyer
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478-9106, USA.
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4
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Abstract
Twin and triplet drugs are defined as compounds that contain respectively two and three pharmacophore components exerting pharmacological effects in a molecule. The twin drug bearing the same pharmacophores is a "symmetrical twin drug", whereas that possessing different pharmacophores is a "nonsymmetrical twin drug." In general, the symmetrical twin drug is expected to produce more potent and/or selective pharmacological effects, whereas the nonsymmetrical twin drug is anticipated to show both pharmacological activities stemming from the individual pharmacophores (dual action). On the other hand, nonsymmetrical triplet drugs, which have two of the same pharmacophores and one different moiety, are expected to elicit both increased pharmacological action and dual action. The two identical portions could bind the same receptor sites simultaneously while the third portion could bind a different receptor site or enzyme. This review will mainly focus on the twin and triplet drugs with an evaluation of their in vivo pharmacological effects, and will also include a description of their pharmacology and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Fujii
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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5
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Decker M, Si YG, Knapp BI, Bidlack JM, Neumeyer JL. Synthesis and opioid receptor binding affinities of 2-substituted and 3-aminomorphinans: ligands for mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors. J Med Chem 2010; 53:402-18. [PMID: 19928862 PMCID: PMC2814335 DOI: 10.1021/jm9013482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The phenolic group of the potent mu and kappa opioid morphinan agonist/antagonists cyclorphan and butorphan was replaced by phenylamino and benzylamino groups including compounds with para-substituents in the benzene ring. These compounds are highly potent mu and kappa ligands, e.g., p-methoxyphenylaminocyclorphan showing a K(i) of 0.026 nM at the mu receptor and a K(i) of 0.03 nM at the kappa receptor. Phenyl carbamates and phenylureas were synthesized and investigated. Selective o-formylation of butorphan and levorphanol was achieved. This reaction opened the way to a large set of 2-substituted 3-hydroxymorphinans, including 2-hydroxymethyl-, 2-aminomethyl-, and N-substituted 2-aminomethyl-3-hydroxymorphinans. Bivalent ligands bridged in the 2-position were also synthesized and connected with secondary and tertiary aminomethyl groups, amide bonds, and hydroxymethylene groups, respectively. Although most of the 2-substituted morphinans showed considerably lower affinities compared to their parent compounds, the bivalent ligand approach led to significantly higher affinities compared to the univalent 2-substituted morphinans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Decker
- Alcohol & Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478-9106 USA
| | - Yu-Gui Si
- Alcohol & Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478-9106 USA
| | - Brian I. Knapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jean M. Bidlack
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - John L. Neumeyer
- Alcohol & Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478-9106 USA
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6
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Li F, Yin C, Chen J, Liu J, Xie X, Zhang A. Synthesis and SAR study of opioid receptor ligands: mono- and bis-indolomorphinans. Chem Biol Drug Des 2009; 74:335-42. [PMID: 19691470 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2009.00849.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mono- and bis-indolomorphinans were synthesized through a multi-step synthetic approach from the alkaloid, thebaine, to further explore the C-ring SAR (structure-activity relationship) of morphinan scaffold. Both mono-indoles displayed good binding affinity and selectivity for the delta receptor, with compound 6b possessed the highest K(i) value of 1.45 nm at this receptor. Bisindolomorphinans 7a,b did not have appreciable affinity for both delta and kappa receptors, but moderate binding at the mu receptor was observed. Functional assays indicated that the newly synthesized mono-indole 6b was delta-agonist, opposite to the delta-antagonist profile of naltrindole. Bisindoles 7a,b were mu-agonists. This work further confirms that the phenol component in opioids is essential for higher binding to the opioid receptors. The different binding ability, receptor selectivity, and the functional activity profiles of naltrindole 2, monoindole 6b, and bisindole 7b clearly indicated that they interact with the opioid receptors in different modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuying Li
- Synthetic Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (SOMCL), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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7
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Synthesis and opioid receptor activity of indolopropellanes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4603-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 06/21/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Sakami S, Maeda M, Kawai K, Aoki T, Kawamura K, Fujii H, Hasebe K, Nakajima M, Endo T, Ueno S, Ito T, Kamei J, Nagase H. Structure−Antitussive Activity Relationships of Naltrindole Derivatives. Identification of Novel and Potent Antitussive Agents. J Med Chem 2008; 51:4404-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701440h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Sakami
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan, and Department of Pathophysiology & Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 4-41, Ebara 2-chome,Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Maeda
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan, and Department of Pathophysiology & Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 4-41, Ebara 2-chome,Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Kawai
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan, and Department of Pathophysiology & Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 4-41, Ebara 2-chome,Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Takumi Aoki
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan, and Department of Pathophysiology & Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 4-41, Ebara 2-chome,Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Kawamura
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan, and Department of Pathophysiology & Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 4-41, Ebara 2-chome,Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Hideaki Fujii
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan, and Department of Pathophysiology & Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 4-41, Ebara 2-chome,Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Ko Hasebe
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan, and Department of Pathophysiology & Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 4-41, Ebara 2-chome,Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nakajima
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan, and Department of Pathophysiology & Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 4-41, Ebara 2-chome,Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Endo
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan, and Department of Pathophysiology & Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 4-41, Ebara 2-chome,Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Ueno
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan, and Department of Pathophysiology & Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 4-41, Ebara 2-chome,Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ito
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan, and Department of Pathophysiology & Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 4-41, Ebara 2-chome,Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan, and Department of Pathophysiology & Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 4-41, Ebara 2-chome,Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagase
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan, and Department of Pathophysiology & Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 4-41, Ebara 2-chome,Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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9
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3D Quantitative and Qualitative Structure-Activity Relationships of the δ -Opioid Receptor Antagonists. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2008. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2008.29.3.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Díaz N, Benvenga M, Emmerson P, Favors R, Mangold M, McKinzie J, Patel N, Peters S, Quimby S, Shannon H, Siegel M, Statnick M, Thomas E, Woodland J, Surface P, Mitch C. SAR and biological evaluation of novel trans-3,4-dimethyl-4-arylpiperidine derivatives as opioid antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:3844-8. [PMID: 15993591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.05.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2005] [Revised: 05/27/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The phenolic hydroxy group of opiate-derived ligands is of known importance for biological activity. We have developed a SAR study around LY255582 by comparing the effect of the hydroxy group in the 2- and 4-position of the phenyl ring. Also, we have proved that the 3-position of the phenyl ring is optimal for opioid activity. Furthermore, we have successfully replaced the hydroxy group in LY255582 by carbamate and carboxamide groups. The new analogs have high affinity for the opioid receptors comparable to the corresponding phenol. Carboxamide analog 12 has an improved metabolism profile and proved to be efficacious in in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Díaz
- Discovery Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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11
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Dondio G, Ronzoni S, Petrillo P. Non-peptide δ opioid agonists and antagonists (Part II). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.9.4.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Yu H, Prisinzano T, Dersch CM, Marcus J, Rothman RB, Jacobson AE, Rice KC. Synthesis and biological activity of 8beta-substituted hydrocodone indole and hydromorphone indole derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:165-8. [PMID: 11755345 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The 8beta-unsubstituted and substituted analogues of hydrocodone indole and hydromorphone indole were synthesized and their binding affinities to opioid receptors were determined. Introduction of an 8beta-methyl group into the indolomorphinan nucleus increased affinity at all opioid receptors. 6,7-Dehydro-4,5alpha-epoxy-8beta-methyl-6,7,2',3'-indolomorphinan (9) was found to be a delta antagonist with subnanomolar affinity (0.7 nM) for the delta-opioid receptor, and to have good delta-selectivity (mu/delta=322).
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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13
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Bourrel F, Massou S, Baltas M, Bergon M, Tafani M, Esquere JP, Tisnès P, Prigent Y. Synthesis, NMR characterization and pharmacological evaluation of ligands derived from diprenorphine for central opioid receptors imaging. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Wentland MP, Lou R, Dehnhardt CM, Duan W, Cohen DJ, Bidlack JM. 3-Carboxamido analogues of morphine and naltrexone. synthesis and opioid receptor binding properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1717-21. [PMID: 11425545 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In response to the unexpectedly high affinity for opioid receptors observed in a novel series of cyclazocine analogues where the prototypic 8-OH was replaced by a carboxamido group, we have prepared the corresponding 3-CONH(2) analogues of morphine and naltrexone. High affinity (K(i)=34 and 1.7nM) for mu opioid receptors was seen, however, the new targets were 39- and 11-fold less potent than morphine and naltrexone, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Wentland
- Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, 12180, Troy, NY, USA.
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15
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Wentland MP, Lou R, Ye Y, Cohen DJ, Richardson GP, Bidlack JM. 8-Carboxamidocyclazocine analogues: redefining the structure-activity relationships of 2,6-methano-3-benzazocines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:623-6. [PMID: 11266156 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Unexpectedly high affinity for opioid receptors has been observed for a novel series of cyclazocine analogues where the prototypic 8-OH was replaced by a carboxamido group. For mu and kappa opioid receptors, the primary carboxamido derivative of cyclazocine ((+/-)-15) displayed high affinity (Ki=0.41 and 0.53 nM, respectively) nearly comparable to cyclazocine. A high enantiopreference ((2R,6R,11R)-) for binding was also observed. Compound (+/-)-15 also displayed potent antinociception activity in mice when administered icv.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Wentland
- Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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16
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Filizola M, Villar HO, Loew GH. Molecular determinants of non-specific recognition of delta, mu, and kappa opioid receptors. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:69-76. [PMID: 11197347 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the molecular determinants of recognition common to all three opioid receptors embedded in a single three-dimensional (3D) non-specific recognition pharmacophore has been carried out. The working hypothesis that underlies the computational study reported here is that ligands that bind with significant affinity to all three cloned opioid receptors, delta, mu, and kappa, but with different combinations of activation and inhibition properties at these receptors, could be promising behaviorally selective analgesics with diminished side effects. The study presented here represents the first step towards the rational design of such therapeutic agents. The common 3D pharmacophore developed for recognition of delta, mu, and kappa opioid receptors was based on the receptor affinities determined for 23 different opioid ligands that display no specificity for any of the receptor subtypes. The pharmacophore centers identified are a protonated amine, two hydrophobic groups, and the centroid of an aromatic group in a geometric arrangement common to all 23, non-specific, opioid ligands studied. Using this three-dimensional pharmacophore as a query for searching 3D structural databases, novel compounds potentially involved in non-specific recognition of delta, mu, and kappa opioid receptors were retrieved. These compounds can be valuable candidates for novel behaviorally selective analgesics with diminished or no side effects, and thus with potential therapeutic usefulness.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics/chemistry
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Binding, Competitive
- Drug Design
- Ligands
- Molecular Conformation
- Molecular Structure
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- M Filizola
- Molecular Research Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.
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17
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Hutchinson AC, Simpson GR, Randall JF, Zhang X, Calderon SN, Rice KC, Riley AL. Assessment of SNC 80 and naltrindole within a conditioned taste aversion design. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2000; 66:779-87. [PMID: 10973516 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(00)00278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although compounds with relative selectivity for the mu and kappa opiate receptors subtypes have been reported to condition taste aversions, it is not known whether systemically administered delta compounds have the ability to produce aversions. To that end, female Long-Evans rats were adapted to water deprivation and were given pairings of a novel saccharin solution and various doses of the selective delta agonist SNC 80 (0.32-10.0 mg/kg; Experiment 1) or the selective delta antagonist naltrindole (1.0-18.0 mg/kg; Experiment 2). For comparison, the relatively selective mu agonist morphine (Experiment 1) and mu antagonist naloxone (Experiment 2) were assessed under identical conditions. Both SNC 80 (Experiment 1) and naltrindole (Experiment 2) were effective as unconditioned stimuli within this design, inducing dose-dependent taste aversions with repeated conditioning trials. Although at no dose did animals injected with SNC 80 differ from those injected with morphine, aversions induced by SNC 80 were acquired at a faster rate than those induced by morphine. Subjects injected with naloxone drank significantly less than those injected with naltrindole at the 10 mg/kg dose, and aversions induced by naloxone at 5.6 and 10 mg/kg were acquired at a faster rate than those induced by naltrindole. Although the basis for opioid agonist- and antagonist-induced taste aversions is not known, the differences between aversions induced by SNC 80 and naltrindole and those induced by morphine and naloxone, respectively, may be a function of their relative selectivity for specific opiate receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Hutchinson
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
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Coop A, Pinto J, Wang L, McCullough K, Rothman RB, Dersch C, Jacobson AE, Rice KC. Delta opioid binding selectivity of 3-ether analogs of naltrindole. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:3435-8. [PMID: 10617086 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00622-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Masking of the 3-phenol of naltrindole as a range of ethers caused a decrease in binding affinity at all three opiate receptors (mu, kappa, delta), however for the methyl ether, the reduction in affinity at both mu and kappa was greater than at delta, thereby increasing delta binding selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Coop
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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