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Neu CT, Weilepp L, Bork K, Gesper A, Horstkorte R. GNE deficiency impairs Myogenesis in C2C12 cells and cannot be rescued by ManNAc supplementation. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae004. [PMID: 38224318 PMCID: PMC10987290 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
GNE myopathy (GNEM) is a late-onset muscle atrophy, caused by mutations in the gene for the key enzyme of sialic acid biosynthesis, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE). With an incidence of one to nine cases per million it is an ultra-rare, so far untreatable, autosomal recessive disease. Several attempts have been made to treat GNEM patients by oral supplementation with sialic acid precursors (e.g. N-acetylmannosamine, ManNAc) to restore sarcolemmal sialylation and muscle strength. In most studies, however, no significant improvement was observed. The lack of a suitable mouse model makes it difficult to understand the exact pathomechanism of GNEM and many years of research have failed to identify the role of GNE in skeletal muscle due to the lack of appropriate tools. We established a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gne-knockout cell line using murine C2C12 cells to gain insight into the actual role of the GNE enzyme and sialylation in a muscular context. The main aspect of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of ManNAc and N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). Treatment of Gne-deficient C2C12 cells with Neu5Ac, but not with ManNAc, showed a restoration of the sialylation level back to wild type levels-albeit only with long-term treatment, which could explain the rather low therapeutic potential. We furthermore highlight the importance of sialic acids on myogenesis, for C2C12 Gne-knockout myoblasts lack the ability to differentiate into mature myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin T Neu
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Linus Weilepp
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kaya Bork
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Astrid Gesper
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
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2
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Hagenhaus V, Gorenflos López JL, Rosenstengel R, Neu C, Hackenberger CPR, Celik A, Weinert K, Nguyen MB, Bork K, Horstkorte R, Gesper A. Glycation Interferes with the Activity of the Bi-Functional UDP- N-Acetylglucosamine 2-Epimerase/ N-Acetyl-mannosamine Kinase (GNE). Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030422. [PMID: 36979358 PMCID: PMC10046061 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene coding for the bi-functional UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE), the key enzyme of the sialic acid biosynthesis, are responsible for autosomal-recessive GNE myopathy (GNEM). GNEM is an adult-onset disease with a yet unknown exact pathophysiology. Since the protein appears to work adequately for a certain period of time even though the mutation is already present, other effects appear to influence the onset and progression of the disease. In this study, we want to investigate whether the late onset of GNEM is based on an age-related effect, e.g., the accumulation of post-translational modifications (PTMs). Furthermore, we also want to investigate what effect on the enzyme activity such an accumulation would have. We will particularly focus on glycation, which is a PTM through non-enzymatic reactions between the carbonyl groups (e.g., of methylglyoxal (MGO) or glyoxal (GO)) with amino groups of proteins or other biomolecules. It is already known that the levels of both MGO and GO increase with age. For our investigations, we express each domain of the GNE separately, treat them with one of the glycation agents, and determine their activity. We demonstrate that the enzymatic activity of the N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE-kinase domain) decreases dramatically after glycation with MGO or GO-with a remaining activity of 13% ± 5% (5 mM MGO) and 22% ± 4% (5 mM GO). Whereas the activity of the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase (GNE-epimerase domain) is only slightly reduced after glycation-with a remaining activity of 60% ± 8% (5 mM MGO) and 63% ± 5% (5 mM GO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Hagenhaus
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Jacob L Gorenflos López
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca Rosenstengel
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Carolin Neu
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Christian P R Hackenberger
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arif Celik
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klara Weinert
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Mai-Binh Nguyen
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Kaya Bork
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Astrid Gesper
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
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Nicolau S, Milone M, Liewluck T. Guidelines for genetic testing of muscle and neuromuscular junction disorders. Muscle Nerve 2021; 64:255-269. [PMID: 34133031 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the understanding of inherited muscle and neuromuscular junction diseases, as well as the advent of a wide range of genetic tests, patients continue to face delays in diagnosis of sometimes treatable disorders. These guidelines outline an approach to genetic testing in such disorders. Initially, a patient's phenotype is evaluated to identify myopathies requiring directed testing, including myotonic dystrophies, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, mitochondrial myopathies, dystrophinopathies, and oculopharyngodistal myopathy. Initial investigation in the remaining patients is generally a comprehensive gene panel by next-generation sequencing. Broad panels have a higher diagnostic yield and can be cost-effective. Due to extensive phenotypic overlap and treatment implications, genes responsible for congenital myasthenic syndromes should be included when evaluating myopathy patients. For patients whose initial genetic testing is negative or inconclusive, phenotypic re-evaluation is warranted, along with consideration of genes and variants not included initially, as well as their acquired mimickers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nicolau
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Teerin Liewluck
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Nicolau S, Liewluck T, Milone M. Myopathies with finger flexor weakness: Not only inclusion-body myositis. Muscle Nerve 2020; 62:445-454. [PMID: 32478919 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Muscle disorders are characterized by differential involvement of various muscle groups. Among these, weakness predominantly affecting finger flexors is an uncommon pattern, most frequently found in sporadic inclusion-body myositis. This finding is particularly significant when the full range of histopathological findings of inclusion-body myositis is not found on muscle biopsy. Prominent finger flexor weakness, however, is also observed in other myopathies. It occurs commonly in myotonic dystrophy types 1 and 2. In addition, individual reports and small case series have documented finger flexor weakness in sarcoid and amyloid myopathy, and in inherited myopathies caused by ACTA1, CRYAB, DMD, DYSF, FLNC, GAA, GNE, HNRNPDL, LAMA2, MYH7, and VCP mutations. Therefore, the finding of finger flexor weakness requires consideration of clinical, myopathological, genetic, electrodiagnostic, and sometimes muscle imaging findings to establish a diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nicolau
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA
| | - Teerin Liewluck
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA
| | - Margherita Milone
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA
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Pogoryelova O, González Coraspe JA, Nikolenko N, Lochmüller H, Roos A. GNE myopathy: from clinics and genetics to pathology and research strategies. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:70. [PMID: 29720219 PMCID: PMC5930817 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
GNE myopathy is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive disease, which starts as a distal muscle weakness and ultimately leads to a wheelchair bound state. Molecular research and animal modelling significantly moved forward understanding of GNE myopathy mechanisms and suggested therapeutic interventions to alleviate the symptoms. Multiple therapeutic attempts are being made to supplement sialic acid depleted in GNE myopathy muscle cells. Translational research field provided valuable knowledge through natural history studies, patient registries and clinical trial, which significantly contributed to bringing forward an era of GNE myopathy treatment. In this review, we are summarising current GNE myopathy, scientific trends and open questions, which would be of significant interest for a wide neuromuscular diseases community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Pogoryelova
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Nikoletta Nikolenko
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Present Address: Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, Center for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Andreas Roos
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Biomedical Research Department, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
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6
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Miosite da corpi inclusi. Neurologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(18)89405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Kazamel M, Sorenson EJ, Milone M. Clinical and Electrophysiological Findings in Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy Compared With Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 2016; 17:190-196. [PMID: 27224433 DOI: 10.1097/cnd.0000000000000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical and electrophysiological findings in hereditary inclusion body myopathy (hIBM) and sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) patients. METHODS We retrospectively identified 8 genetically proven hIBM patients and 1 DNAJB6 myopathy with pathological features of hIBM, and compared their clinical, electromyographic, and serological data with a group of 51 pathologically proven sIBM patients. RESULTS hIBM patients had a younger mean age of onset (36 vs. 60 years, P = 0.0001). Diagnostic delay was shorter in sIBM (6 vs. 15 years, P = 0.0003). Wrist flexors (P = 0.02), digit flexors (P = 0.01), digit extensors (P = 0.02), and quadriceps (P = 0.008) muscles were more frequently affected in sIBM. Fibrillation potentials were more common in sIBM patients (P = 0.03). Electrical myotonia was found in 4 hIBM patients, not significantly different from sIBM patients (P = 0.45). Creatinine kinase was higher in sIBM patients (799 vs 232, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS sIBM and hIBM seem to have similar electromyographic changes. The combination of clinical, serological, and histopathological findings can guide genetic testing to the final diagnosis.
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Willems AP, van Engelen BGM, Lefeber DJ. Genetic defects in the hexosamine and sialic acid biosynthesis pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:1640-54. [PMID: 26721333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital disorders of glycosylation are caused by defects in the glycosylation of proteins and lipids. Classically, gene defects with multisystem disease have been identified in the ubiquitously expressed glycosyltransferases required for protein N-glycosylation. An increasing number of defects are being described in sugar supply pathways for protein glycosylation with tissue-restricted clinical symptoms. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we address the hexosamine and sialic acid biosynthesis pathways in sugar metabolism. GFPT1, PGM3 and GNE are essential for synthesis of nucleotide sugars uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and cytidine-5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-sialic acid) as precursors for various glycosylation pathways. Defects in these enzymes result in contrasting clinical phenotypes of congenital myasthenia, immunodeficiency or adult-onset myopathy, respectively. We therefore discuss the biochemical mechanisms of known genetic defects in the hexosamine and CMP-sialic acid synthesis pathway in relation to the clinical phenotypes. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Both UDP-GlcNAc and CMP-sialic acid are important precursors for diverse protein glycosylation reactions and for conversion into other nucleotide-sugars. Defects in the synthesis of these nucleotide sugars might affect a wide range of protein glycosylation reactions. Involvement of multiple glycosylation pathways might contribute to disease phenotype, but the currently available biochemical information on sugar metabolism is insufficient to understand why defects in these pathways present with tissue-specific phenotypes. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Future research on the interplay between sugar metabolism and different glycosylation pathways in a tissue- and cell-specific manner will contribute to elucidation of disease mechanisms and will create new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke P Willems
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboudumc Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Baziel G M van Engelen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Lefeber
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboudumc Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Chamova T, Guergueltcheva V, Gospodinova M, Krause S, Cirak S, Kaprelyan A, Angelova L, Mihaylova V, Bichev S, Chandler D, Naydenov E, Grudkova M, Djukmedzhiev P, Voit T, Pogoryelova O, Lochmüller H, Goebel HH, Bahlo M, Kalaydjieva L, Tournev I. GNE myopathy in Roma patients homozygous for the p.I618T founder mutation. Neuromuscul Disord 2015; 25:713-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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10
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Haghighi A, Nafissi S, Qurashi A, Tan Z, Shamshiri H, Nilipour Y, Haghighi A, Desnick RJ, Kornreich R. Genetics of GNE myopathy in the non-Jewish Persian population. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 24:243-51. [PMID: 25966635 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
GNE myopathy is an autosomal recessive adult-onset disorder characterized by progressive muscle atrophy and weakness, initially involving the distal muscles, while often sparing the quadriceps. It is caused by variants in the GNE gene that encodes a key bifunctional enzyme in the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway. We investigated the clinical and molecular characteristics of 18 non-Jewish Persian patients from 11 unrelated GNE myopathy families. In addition, we reviewed the previously reported cases and suggest genotype-phenotype correlations for the identified variants. Comprehensive clinical and laboratory evaluations were carried out. Sequencing of the GNE gene was performed using genomic DNA from the patients. Screening of the identified variants was performed in all relevant family members. Molecular analyses identified three causative homozygous GNE variants in 11 families: c.2228T>C (p. M743T) in 7, c.830G>A (p.R277Q) in 2, and one novel variation (c.804G>A) in 2 families that results in a synonymous codon change (p.L268=) and likely creates a novel splice site affecting the protein function. This study confirms that c.2228T>C (p.M743T) is the most prevalent disease-causing variant in the non-Jewish Persian population, but other GNE variants can cause GNE myopathy in this population. The patients with all three different variants had similar ages of onset. The youngest patient was an 18-year-old girl in whom the c.830G>A (p.R277Q) variant was identified, whereas the oldest onset age (31 years) was seen in a male patient with c.804G>A (p.L268=). The results of this investigation expand our knowledge about the genotype-phenotype correlations in GNE myopathy and aid in clinical management and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Haghighi
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shahriar Nafissi
- Department of Neurology, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abrar Qurashi
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zheng Tan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hosein Shamshiri
- Department of Neurology, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yalda Nilipour
- Department of Pathology, Pediatric Pathology Research Center, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Robert J Desnick
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth Kornreich
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Benveniste O, Stenzel W, Hilton-Jones D, Sandri M, Boyer O, van Engelen BGM. Amyloid deposits and inflammatory infiltrates in sporadic inclusion body myositis: the inflammatory egg comes before the degenerative chicken. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 129:611-24. [PMID: 25579751 PMCID: PMC4405277 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is the most frequently acquired myopathy in patients over 50 years of age. It is imperative that neurologists and rheumatologists recognize this disorder which may, through clinical and pathological similarities, mimic other myopathies, especially polymyositis. Whereas polymyositis responds to immunosuppressant drug therapy, sIBM responds poorly, if at all. Controversy reigns as to whether sIBM is primarily an inflammatory or a degenerative myopathy, the distinction being vitally important in terms of directing research for effective specific therapies. We review here the pros and the cons for the respective hypotheses. A possible scenario, which our experience leads us to favour, is that sIBM may start with inflammation within muscle. The rush of leukocytes attracted by chemokines and cytokines may induce fibre injury and HLA-I overexpression. If the protein degradation systems are overloaded (possibly due to genetic predisposition, particular HLA-I subtypes or ageing), amyloid and other protein deposits may appear within muscle fibres, reinforcing the myopathic process in a vicious circle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Benveniste
- Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Inserm, U974, DHU I2B, Paris, France,
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Abstract
GNE myopathy is an autosomal recessive muscle disease caused by biallelic mutations in GNE, a gene encoding for a single protein with key enzymatic activities, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase and N-acetylmannosamine kinase, in sialic acid biosynthetic pathway. The diagnosis should be considered primarily in patients presenting with distal weakness (foot drop) in early adulthood (other onset symptoms are possible too). The disease slowly progresses to involve other lower and upper extremities' muscles, with marked sparing of the quadriceps. Characteristic findings on biopsies of affected muscles include 'rimmed' (autophagic) vacuoles, aggregation of various proteins and fibre size variation. The diagnosis is confirmed by sequencing of the GNE gene. Note that we use a new mutation nomenclature based on the longest transcript (GenBank: NM_001128227), which encodes a 31-amino acid longer protein than the originally described one (GenBank: NM_005476), which has been used previously in most papers. Based upon the pathophysiology of the disease, recent clinical trials as well as early gene therapy trials have evaluated the use of sialic acid or N-acetylmannosamine (a precursor of sialic acid) in patients with GNE myopathy. Now that therapies are under investigation, it is critical that a timely and accurate diagnosis is made in patients with GNE myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nuria Carrillo-Carrasco
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zohar Argov
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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13
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Celeste FV, Vilboux T, Ciccone C, de Dios JK, Malicdan MCV, Leoyklang P, McKew JC, Gahl WA, Carrillo-Carrasco N, Huizing M. Mutation update for GNE gene variants associated with GNE myopathy. Hum Mutat 2015; 35:915-26. [PMID: 24796702 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The GNE gene encodes the rate-limiting, bifunctional enzyme of sialic acid biosynthesis, uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE). Biallelic GNE mutations underlie GNE myopathy, an adult-onset progressive myopathy. GNE myopathy-associated GNE mutations are predominantly missense, resulting in reduced, but not absent, GNE enzyme activities. The exact pathomechanism of GNE myopathy remains unknown, but likely involves aberrant (muscle) sialylation. Here, we summarize 154 reported and novel GNE variants associated with GNE myopathy, including 122 missense, 11 nonsense, 14 insertion/deletions, and seven intronic variants. All variants were deposited in the online GNE variation database (http://www.dmd.nl/nmdb2/home.php?select_db=GNE). We report the predicted effects on protein function of all variants well as the predicted effects on epimerase and/or kinase enzymatic activities of selected variants. By analyzing exome sequence databases, we identified three frequently occurring, unreported GNE missense variants/polymorphisms, important for future sequence interpretations. Based on allele frequencies, we estimate the world-wide prevalence of GNE myopathy to be ∼4-21/1,000,000. This previously unrecognized high prevalence confirms suspicions that many patients may escape diagnosis. Awareness among physicians for GNE myopathy is essential for the identification of new patients, which is required for better understanding of the disorder's pathomechanism and for the success of ongoing treatment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank V Celeste
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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14
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Dabby R, Sadeh M, Hilton-Jones D, Plotz P, Hackman P, Vihola A, Udd B, Leshinsky-Silver E. Adult onset limb-girdle muscular dystrophy - a recessive titinopathy masquerading as myositis. J Neurol Sci 2015; 351:120-123. [PMID: 25772186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rarely, inflammation can be present in genetic myopathies, such as dysferlinopathies, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy and GNE-myopathy (hereditary inclusion body myopathy). This may lead to erroneous initial diagnosis and unnecessary therapy which bear serious side effects. We report on an unusual case of mutations in the TTN gene presenting with inflammatory infiltrates in the muscle biopsy. Only after intensive immune-modulating therapies failed, a genetic myopathy was considered. Exome sequencing and search for mutated muscle protein-encoding genes disclosed compound heterozygous mutations in TTN: K26320T and A6135G. The parents carry one each of the mutations. Titinopathy could be considered also in patients presenting with inflammatory infiltrates resistant to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Dabby
- Department of Neurology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Menachem Sadeh
- Department of Neurology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Paul Plotz
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter Hackman
- Folkhalsan Institute of Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Vihola
- Folkhalsan Institute of Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Folkhalsan Institute of Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Department of Neurology, Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland
| | - Esther Leshinsky-Silver
- Department of Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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15
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Krause S. Insights into muscle degeneration from heritable inclusion body myopathies. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:13. [PMID: 25729363 PMCID: PMC4325924 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle mass and function are gradually lost in age-related, degenerative neuromuscular disorders, which also reflect the clinical hallmarks of sarcopenia. The consensus definition of sarcopenia includes a condition of age-related loss of muscle mass, quality, and strength. The most common acquired muscle disease affecting adults aged over 50 years is sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM). Besides inflammatory effects and immune-mediated muscle injury, degenerative myofiber changes are characteristic features of the disease. Although the earliest triggering events in sIBM remain elusive, a plethora of downstream mechanisms are implicated in the pathophysiology of muscle wasting. Although it remains controversial whether hereditary forms of inclusion body myopathy (IBM) may be considered as degenerative sIBM disease models, partial pathophysiological aspects can mimic the much more frequent sporadic condition, in particular the occurrence of inclusion bodies in skeletal muscle. Various clinical aspects in genetically determined skeletal muscle disorders reflect age-related alterations observed in sarcopenia. Several intriguing clues from monogenic defects in heritable IBMs contributing to the molecular basis of muscle loss will be discussed with special emphasis on inclusion body myopathy with Paget's disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD) and GNE myopathy. Finally, also the recently identified dominant multisystem proteinopathy will be considered, which may rarely present as IBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Krause
- Laboratory for Molecular Myology, Department of Neurology, Friedrich Baur Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University , Munich , Germany
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16
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Chaouch A, Brennan KM, Hudson J, Longman C, McConville J, Morrisson PJ, Farrugia ME, Petty R, Stewart W, Norwood F, Horvath R, Chinnery PF, Costigan D, Winer J, Polvikoski T, Healey E, Sarkozy A, Guglieri M, Evangelista T, Pogoryelova O, Eagle M, Bushby K, Straub V, Lochmüller H. Two recurrent mutations are associated with GNE myopathy in the North of Britain. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014; 85:1359-65. [PMID: 24695763 PMCID: PMC6625961 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2013-306314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE GNE myopathy is a rare recessive myopathy associated with inclusion bodies on muscle biopsy. The clinical phenotype is associated with distal muscle weakness with quadriceps sparing. Most of the current information on GNE myopathy has been obtained through studies of Jewish and Japanese patient cohorts carrying founder mutations in the GNE gene. However, little is known about GNE myopathy in Europe where the prevalence is thought to be very low. METHODS Patients were referred through the National Specialist Commissioning Team service for limb-girdle muscular dystrophies at Newcastle (UK). All patients harbouring mutations in the GNE gene were recruited for our study. Detailed clinical and genetic data as well as muscle MRIs and muscle biopsies were reviewed. RESULTS We identified 26 patients harbouring mutations in the GNE gene. Two previously reported mutations (c.1985C>T, p.Ala662Val and c.1225G>T, p.Asp409Tyr) were prevalent in the Scottish, Northern Irish and Northern English populations; with 90% of these patients carrying at least one of the two mutations. Clinically, we confirmed the homogenous pattern of selective quadriceps sparing but noted additional features like asymmetry of weakness at disease onset. CONCLUSIONS GNE myopathy is an important diagnosis to consider in patients presenting with distal leg muscle weakness. We report, for the first time, two common mutations in the north of Britain and highlight the broader spectrum of clinical phenotypes. We also propose that the prevalence of GNE myopathy may be underestimated due to the frequent absence of rimmed vacuoles in the muscle biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Chaouch
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kathryn M Brennan
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Judith Hudson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Cheryl Longman
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Southern General
Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fiona Norwood
- Department of Neurology, King’s College Hospital, London,
UK
| | - Rita Horvath
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Donald Costigan
- National Institute for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Beaumont
Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Winer
- Birmingham Muscle and Nerve Centre, Queen Elizabeth, Hospital,
Birmingham, UK
| | - Tuomo Polvikoski
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Estelle Healey
- Institute of Pathology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Anna Sarkozy
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michela Guglieri
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Teresinha Evangelista
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Oksana Pogoryelova
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michelle Eagle
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kate Bushby
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Volker Straub
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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17
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Askanas V, Engel WK, Nogalska A. Sporadic inclusion-body myositis: A degenerative muscle disease associated with aging, impaired muscle protein homeostasis and abnormal mitophagy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:633-43. [PMID: 25241263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sporadic inclusion-body myositis (s-IBM) is the most common degenerative muscle disease in which aging appears to be a key risk factor. In this review we focus on several cellular molecular mechanisms responsible for multiprotein aggregation and accumulations within s-IBM muscle fibers, and their possible consequences. Those include mechanisms leading to: a) accumulation in the form of aggregates within the muscle fibers, of several proteins, including amyloid-β42 and its oligomers, and phosphorylated tau in the form of paired helical filaments, and we consider their putative detrimental influence; and b) protein misfolding and aggregation, including evidence of abnormal myoproteostasis, such as increased protein transcription, inadequate protein disposal, and abnormal posttranslational modifications of proteins. Pathogenic importance of our recently demonstrated abnormal mitophagy is also discussed. The intriguing phenotypic similarities between s-IBM muscle fibers and the brains of Alzheimer and Parkinson's disease patients, the two most common neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging, are also discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neuromuscular Diseases: Pathology and Molecular Pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Askanas
- USC Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Good Samaritan Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - W King Engel
- USC Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Good Samaritan Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna Nogalska
- USC Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Good Samaritan Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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Abstract
In this article, distal myopathy syndromes are discussed. A discussion of the more traditional distal myopathies is followed by discussion of the myofibrillar myopathies. Other clinically and genetically distinctive distal myopathy syndromes usually based on single or smaller family cohorts are reviewed. Other neuromuscular disorders that are important to recognize are also considered, because they show prominent distal limb weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen M Dimachkie
- Neuromuscular Section, Neurophysiology Division, Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 2012, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Richard J Barohn
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 2012, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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19
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Tanboon J, Rongsa K, Pithukpakorn M, Boonyapisit K, Limwongse C, Sangruchi T. A Novel Mutation of the GNE Gene in Distal Myopathy with Rimmed Vacuoles: A Case with Inflammation. Case Rep Neurol 2014; 6:55-9. [PMID: 24707269 PMCID: PMC3975748 DOI: 10.1159/000360730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles (DMRV) is an autosomal recessive or sporadic early adult-onset myopathy caused by mutations in the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase and N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) gene. Characteristic pathologic features of DMRV are rimmed vacuoles on muscle biopsy and tubulofilamentous inclusion in ultrastructural study. Presence of inflammation in DMRV is unusual. We report a sporadic case of DMRV in a 40-year-old Thai man who presented with slowly progressive distal muscle weakness. Gene analysis revealed a compound heterozygous mutation of the GNE gene including a novel mutation c.1057A>G (p.K353E) and a known mutation c.2086G>A (p.V696M). The latter is the most common mutation in Thai DMRV patients. The muscle pathology was compatible with DMRV except for focal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jantima Tanboon
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand ; Siriraj Neurogenetic Network, Department of Research and Development, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Rongsa
- Siriraj Neurogenetic Network, Department of Research and Development, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Manop Pithukpakorn
- Siriraj Neurogenetic Network, Department of Research and Development, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand ; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Boonyapisit
- Siriraj Neurogenetic Network, Department of Research and Development, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand ; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanin Limwongse
- Siriraj Neurogenetic Network, Department of Research and Development, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand ; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tumtip Sangruchi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand ; Siriraj Neurogenetic Network, Department of Research and Development, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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20
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Abstract
Sporadic inclusion-body myositis (sIBM) presents in average at the sixth decade of life and affects three men for one woman. It is a non-lethal, slowly progressive but disabling disease. Except the striated muscles, no other organs (such as the interstitial lung) are involved. The phenotype of this myopathy is particular since it involves the axial muscles (camptocormia, swallowing dysfunction) and limb girdle (notably the quadriceps) but also the distal muscles (in particular the fingers' and wrists' flexors) in a bilateral but non-symmetrical manner. The clinical presentation is then very suggestive of the diagnosis, which remains to be proven by a muscle biopsy. Histological features defining the diagnosis associate endomysial inflammatory infiltrates with frequent invaded fibres (the myositis) and amyloid deposits generally accompanying rimmed vacuoles (the inclusions). There is still today a debate to know if this disease is at its beginning a degenerative or an auto-immune condition. Nonetheless, usual immunosuppressive drugs (corticosteroids, azathioprine, methotrexate) or polyvalent immunoglobulines remain ineffective and even may worsen the handicap. Some controlled randomized trials will soon be launched for this condition, but for now, the best therapeutic approach to slow down the rapidity of progression of the disease is to maintain muscle exercise with the help of the physiotherapists.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Benveniste
- Service de médecine interne 1, centre de référence des pathologies neuromusculaires Paris-Est, DHU i2B, faculté de médecine Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France.
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21
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Abstract
The distal myopathies are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders defined by a predominant distal weakness at onset or throughout the evolution of the disease and by pathological data supporting a myopathic process. The number of genes associated with distal myopathies continues to increase. Fourteen distinct distal myopathies are currently defined by their gene and causative mutations, compared to just five entities delineated on clinical grounds two decades ago. The known proteins affected in the distal myopathies are of many types and include a significant number of sarcomeric proteins. The useful indicators for clinicians to direct towards a correct molecular diagnosis are the mode of inheritance, the age at onset, the pattern of muscle involvement, the serum creatine kinase level and the muscle pathology findings. This review gives an overview of the clinical and genetic characteristics of the currently identified distal myopathies with emphasis on some recent findings.
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22
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Khademian H, Mehravar E, Urtizberea JA, Sagoo S, Sandoval L, Carbajo R, Darvish B, Valles-Ayoub Y, Darvish D. Prevalence ofGNEp.M712T and hereditary inclusion body myopathy (HIBM) in Sangesar population of Northern Iran. Clin Genet 2013; 84:589-92. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Khademian
- HIBM Research Group; Reseda CA USA
- Sangesar Charity Organization for HIBM; Sangesar Semnan Iran
| | - E Mehravar
- Sangesar Charity Organization for HIBM; Sangesar Semnan Iran
| | | | - S Sagoo
- HIBM Research Group; Reseda CA USA
| | - L Sandoval
- HIBM Research Group; Reseda CA USA
- Department of Life Sciences; Los Angeles Mission College; Sylmar CA USA
| | - R Carbajo
- HIBM Research Group; Reseda CA USA
- Department of Biology; California State University Northridge; Northridge CA USA
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23
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Novel valosin containing protein mutation in a Swiss family with hereditary inclusion body myopathy and dementia. Neuromuscul Disord 2013; 23:149-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Hinderlich S, Weidemann W, Yardeni T, Horstkorte R, Huizing M. UDP-GlcNAc 2-Epimerase/ManNAc Kinase (GNE): A Master Regulator of Sialic Acid Synthesis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 366:97-137. [PMID: 23842869 DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase is the key enzyme of sialic acid biosynthesis in vertebrates. It catalyzes the first two steps of the cytosolic formation of CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. In this review we give an overview of structure, biochemistry, and genetics of the bifunctional enzyme and its complex regulation. Furthermore, we will focus on diseases related to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Hinderlich
- Department of Life Sciences and Technology, Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany,
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25
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Pathogenic considerations in sporadic inclusion-body myositis, a degenerative muscle disease associated with aging and abnormalities of myoproteostasis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2012; 71:680-93. [PMID: 22805774 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e31826183c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of sporadic inclusion-body myositis (s-IBM) is complex; it involves multidimensional pathways and the most critical issues are still unresolved. The onset of muscle fiber damage is age related and the disease is slowly, but inexorably, progressive. Muscle fiber degeneration and mononuclear cell inflammation are major components of s-IBM pathology, but which is precedent and how they interrelate is not known. There is growing evidence that aging of the muscle fiber associated with intramyofiber accumulation of conformationally modified proteins plays a primary pathogenic role leading to muscle fiber destruction. Here, we review the presumably most important known molecular abnormalities that occur in s-IBM myofibers and that likely contribute to s-IBM pathogenesis. Abnormal accumulation within the fibers of multiprotein aggregates (several of which are congophilic and, therefore, generically called "amyloid") may result from increased transcription of several proteins, their abnormal posttranslational modifications and misfolding, and inadequate protein disposal, that is, abnormal "myoproteostasis," which is combined with and may be provoked or abetted by an aging intracellular milieu. The potential cytotoxicity of accumulated amyloid β protein (Aβ42) and its oligomers, phosphorylated tau in the form of paired helical filaments and α-synuclein, and the putative pathogenic role and cause of the mitochondrial abnormalities and oxidative stress are reviewed. On the basis of our experimental evidence, potential interventions in the complex, interwoven pathogenic cascade of s-IBM are suggested.
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26
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27
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Abstract
Hereditary inclusion body myopathy is an autosomal recessive disorder that presents in early adulthood with slowly progressive weakness sparing the quadriceps. Muscle histopathology reveals rimmed vacuoles without inflammation. The disorder is caused by a mutation in the gene for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase-N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE), a bifunctional enzyme involved in protein glycosylation. Over 40 mutations have been described to date. We present a case of a young woman with progressive lower extremity weakness. Clinical presentation, laboratory evaluation, electrodiagnostic testing, muscle pathology, and genetic sequencing are described. The patient was found to have heterozygous mutations in the GNE gene, confirming the diagnosis of hereditary inclusion body myopathy. The mutations she carried have not been described previously. We briefly review the clinical, histopathologic, and molecular genetic findings of this disorder.
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28
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Tasca G, Ricci E, Monforte M, Laschena F, Ottaviani P, Rodolico C, Barca E, Silvestri G, Iannaccone E, Mirabella M, Broccolini A. Muscle imaging findings in GNE myopathy. J Neurol 2012; 259:1358-65. [PMID: 22231866 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-011-6357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
GNE myopathy (MIM 600737) is an autosomal recessive muscle disease caused by mutations in the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) gene. Besides the typical phenotype, characterized by the initial involvement of the distal leg muscles that eventually spreads proximally with sparing of the quadriceps, uncommon presentations with a non-canonical clinical phenotype, unusual muscle biopsy findings or both are increasingly recognized. The aim of our study was to characterize the imaging pattern of pelvic and lower limb muscles in GNE myopathy, thus providing additional diagnostic clues useful in the identification of patients with atypical features. We retrospectively evaluated muscle MRI and CT scans of a cohort of 13 patients heterogeneous for GNE mutations and degree of clinical severity. We found that severe involvement of the biceps femoris short head and, to a lesser extent, of the gluteus minimus, tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis and digitorum longus, soleus and gastrocnemius medialis was consistently present even in patients with early or atypical disease. The vastus lateralis, not the entire quadriceps, was the only muscle spared in advanced stages, while the rectus femoris, vastus intermedius and medialis showed variable signs of fatty replacement. Younger patients showed hyperintensities on T2-weighted sequences in muscles with a normal or, more often, abnormal T1-weighted signal. Our results define a pattern of muscle involvement that appears peculiar to GNE myopathy. Although these findings need to be further validated in a larger cohort, we believe that the recognition of this pattern may be instrumental in the initial clinical assessment of patients with possible GNE myopathy.
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29
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Askanas V, Engel WK. Sporadic inclusion-body myositis: conformational multifactorial ageing-related degenerative muscle disease associated with proteasomal and lysosomal inhibition, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and accumulation of amyloid-β42 oligomers and phosphorylated tau. Presse Med 2011; 40:e219-35. [PMID: 21392932 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2010.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of sporadic inclusion-body myositis (s-IBM), the most common muscle disease of older persons, is complex and multifactorial. Both the muscle fiber degeneration and the mononuclear-cell inflammation are components of the s-IBM pathology, but how each relates to the pathogenesis remains unsettled. We consider that the intramuscle fiber degenerative component plays the primary and the major pathogenic role leading to muscle fiber destruction and clinical weakness. In this article we review the newest research advances that provide a better understanding of the s-IBM pathogenesis. Cellular abnormalities occurring in s-IBM muscle fibers are discussed, including: several proteins that are accumulated in the form of aggregates within muscle fibers, including amyloid-β42 and its oligomers, and phosphorylated tau in the form of paired helical filaments, and we consider their putative detrimental influence; cellular mechanisms leading to protein misfolding and aggregation, including evidence of their inadequate disposal; pathogenic importance of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response demonstrated in s-IBM muscle fibers; and decreased deacetylase activity of SIRT1. All these factors are combined with, and perhaps provoked by, an ageing intracellular milieu. Also discussed are the intriguing phenotypic similarities between s-IBM muscle fibers and the brains of Alzheimer and Parkinson's disease patients, the two most common neurodegenerative diseases associated with ageing. Muscle biopsy diagnostic criteria are also described and illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Askanas
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Good Samaritan Hospital, USC Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA 90017, USA.
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30
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Sela I, Milman Krentsis I, Shlomai Z, Sadeh M, Dabby R, Argov Z, Ben-Bassat H, Mitrani-Rosenbaum S. The proteomic profile of hereditary inclusion body myopathy. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16334. [PMID: 21305017 PMCID: PMC3031555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary inclusion body myopathy (HIBM) is an adult onset, slowly progressive distal and proximal myopathy. Although the causing gene, GNE, encodes for a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of sialic acid, its primary function in HIBM remains unknown. The goal of this study was to unravel new clues on the biological pathways leading to HIBM by proteomic comparison. Muscle cultures and biopsies were analyzed by two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and the same biopsy extracts by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). Proteins that were differentially expressed in all HIBM specimens versus all controls in each analysis were identified by mass spectrometry. The muscle cultures 2-DE analysis yielded 41 such proteins, while the biopsies 2-DE analysis showed 26 differentially expressed proteins. Out of the 400 proteins identified in biopsies by iTRAQ, 41 showed altered expression. In spite of the different nature of specimens (muscle primary cultures versus muscle biopsies) and of the different methods applied (2D gels versus iTRAQ) the differentially expressed proteins identified in each of the three analyses where related mainly to the same pathways, ubiquitination, stress response and mitochondrial processes, but the most robust cluster (30%) was assigned to cytoskeleton and sarcomere organization. Taken together, these findings indicate a possible novel function of GNE in the muscle filamentous apparatus that could be involved in the pathogenesis of HIBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Sela
- Goldyne Savad Institute for Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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31
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Weihl CC, Miller SE, Zaidman CM, Pestronk A, Baloh RH, Al-Lozi M. Novel GNE mutations in two phenotypically distinct HIBM2 patients. Neuromuscul Disord 2010; 21:102-5. [PMID: 21131200 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Homozygous mutations in the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) gene cause hereditary inclusion body myopathy type 2 (HIBM2). We describe two unrelated American patients with novel GNE mutations. While one patient followed a typical disease course for HIBM2 with an onset at age 25 and rimmed vacuole pathology on muscle biopsy, the second patient had several features atypical for HIBM2. This patient's onset was at age 55, included distal weakness, quadriceps sparing and respiratory insufficiency. His muscle biopsy showed prominent necrosis without rimmed vacuoles. This study expands the phenotype and illustrates the clinical spectrum of HIBM2 identified in a U.S. based neuromuscular clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad C Weihl
- Department of Neurology and Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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32
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Kurochkina N, Yardeni T, Huizing M. Molecular modeling of the bifunctional enzyme UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ManNAc kinase and predictions of structural effects of mutations associated with HIBM and sialuria. Glycobiology 2010; 20:322-37. [PMID: 19917666 PMCID: PMC2815652 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bifunctional enzyme UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ ManNAc kinase (GNE/MNK), encoded by the GNE gene, catalyzes the first two committed, rate-limiting steps in the biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid). GNE/MNK is feedback inhibited by binding of the downstream product, CMP-sialic acid in its allosteric site. GNE mutations can result in two human disorders, hereditary inclusion body myopathy (HIBM) or sialuria. So far, no active site geometry predictions or conformational transitions involved with function are available for mammalian GNE/MNK. The N-terminal GNE domain is homologous to various prokaryotic 2-epimerases, some of which have solved crystallographic structures. The C-terminal MNK domain belongs to the sugar kinases superfamily; its crystallographic structure is solved at 2.84 A and three-dimensional structures have also been reported for several other kinases. In this work, we employed available structural data of GNE/MNK homologs to model the active sites of human GNE/MNK and identify critical amino acid residues responsible for interactions with substrates. In addition, we modeled effects of GNE/MNK missense mutations associated with HIBM or sialuria on helix arrangement, substrate binding, and enzyme action. We found that all reported mutations are associated with the active sites or secondary structure interfaces of GNE/MNK. The Persian-Jewish HIBM founder mutation p.M712T is located at the interface alpha4alpha10 and likely affects GlcNAc, Mg2+, and ATP binding. This work contributes to further understanding of GNE/MNK function and ligand binding, which may assist future studies for therapeutic options that target misfolded GNE/MNK in HIBM and/or sialuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Kurochkina
- Department of Biophysics, The School of Theoretical Modeling, Chevy Chase, MD 20825, USA.
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Inclusion body myositis: MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, IBM workshop, London, 13 June 2008. Neuromuscul Disord 2010; 20:142-7. [PMID: 20074951 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jay CM, Levonyak N, Nemunaitis G, Maples PB, Nemunaitis J. Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy (HIBM2). GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2009; 3:181-90. [PMID: 20054407 PMCID: PMC2796972 DOI: 10.4137/grsb.s2594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary inclusion body myopathy type 2 (HIBM2) is a myopathy characterized by progressive muscle weakness with early adult onset. The disease is the result of a recessive mutation in the Glucosamine (UDP-N-acetyl)-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase gene (GNE), which results in reduced enzyme function and sialic acid levels. A majority of individuals with HIBM2 are from Iranian-Jewish or Japanese decent, but isolated cases have been identified world wide. This article reviews the diagnostic criteria for HIBM2. Current research with a highlight on the biology of the disease and the role of GNE in the sialic acid pathway are assessed. Finally, therapeutic investigations and animal models are discussed with a focus on future studies to better understand the pathology of Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy and move therapeutic agents towards clinical trials.
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Hereditary inclusion body myopathy: a decade of progress. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2009; 1792:881-7. [PMID: 19596068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy (HIBM) is an autosomal recessive, quadriceps sparing type commonly referred to as HIBM but also termed h-IBM or Inclusion Body Myopathy 2 (IBM2). The clinical manifestations begin with muscle weakness progressing over the next 10-20 years uniquely sparing the quadriceps until the most advanced stage of the disease. Histopathology of an HIBM muscle biopsy shows rimmed vacuoles on Gomori's trichrome stain, small fibers in groups and tubulofilaments without evidence of inflammation. In affected individuals distinct mutations have been identified in the GNE gene, which encodes the bifunctional enzyme uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) 2-epimerase/N-acetyl-mannosamine (ManNAc) kinase (GNE/MNK). GNE/MNK catalyzes the first two committed steps in the biosynthesis of acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), an abundant and functionally important sugar. The generation of HIBM animal models has led to novel insights into both the disease and the role of GNE/MNK in pathophysiology. Recent advances in therapeutic approaches for HIBM, including administration of N-acetyl-mannosamine (ManNAc), a precursor of Neu5Ac will be discussed.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand belief in a specific scientific claim by studying the pattern of citations among papers stating it. DESIGN A complete citation network was constructed from all PubMed indexed English literature papers addressing the belief that beta amyloid, a protein accumulated in the brain in Alzheimer's disease, is produced by and injures skeletal muscle of patients with inclusion body myositis. Social network theory and graph theory were used to analyse this network. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Citation bias, amplification, and invention, and their effects on determining authority. RESULTS The network contained 242 papers and 675 citations addressing the belief, with 220,553 citation paths supporting it. Unfounded authority was established by citation bias against papers that refuted or weakened the belief; amplification, the marked expansion of the belief system by papers presenting no data addressing it; and forms of invention such as the conversion of hypothesis into fact through citation alone. Extension of this network into text within grants funded by the National Institutes of Health and obtained through the Freedom of Information Act showed the same phenomena present and sometimes used to justify requests for funding. CONCLUSION Citation is both an impartial scholarly method and a powerful form of social communication. Through distortions in its social use that include bias, amplification, and invention, citation can be used to generate information cascades resulting in unfounded authority of claims. Construction and analysis of a claim specific citation network may clarify the nature of a published belief system and expose distorted methods of social citation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Greenberg
- Children's Hospital Informatics Program and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Broccolini A, Gidaro T, Morosetti R, Mirabella M. Hereditary inclusion-body myopathy: Clues on pathogenesis and possible therapy. Muscle Nerve 2009; 40:340-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.21385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Phadke AP, Jay C, Chen SJ, Haddock C, Wang Z, Yu Y, Nemunaitis D, Nemunaitis G, Templeton NS, Senzer N, Maples PB, Tong AW, Nemunaitis J. Safety and in vivo expression of a GNE-transgene: a novel treatment approach for hereditary inclusion body myopathy-2. GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2009; 3:89-101. [PMID: 19838336 PMCID: PMC2758285 DOI: 10.4137/grsb.s2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary inclusion body myopathy-2 (HIBM2) is an adult-onset, muscular disease caused by mutations in the GNE gene. HIBM2-associated GNE mutations causing hyposialyation have been proposed to contribute to reduced muscle function in patients with HIBM2, though the exact cause of this disease is unknown. In the current studies we examined pre-clinical in vivo toxicity, and expression of the plasmid-based, CMV driven wild-type GNE plasmid vector. The plasmid vector was injected intramuscularly (IM) or systemically (IV) into BALB/c mice, following encapsulation in a cationic liposome (DOTAP:Cholesterol). Single IM injections of the GNE-lipoplex at 40 μg did not produce overt toxicity or deaths, indicating that the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) dose for IM injection was ≥40 μg. Single intravenous (IV) infusion of GNE-lipoplex was lethal in 33% of animals at 100 μg dose, with a small proportion of animals in the 40 μg cohort demonstrating transient toxicity. Thus the NOAEL dose by the IV route was greater than 10 μg and less than or equal to 40 μg. Real-time RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated recombinant human GNE mRNA expression in 100% of muscle tissues that received IM injection of 40 μg GNE-lipoplex, at 2 weeks. These results indicate that GNE-lipoplex gene transfer is safe and can produce durable transgene expression in treated muscles. Our findings support future exploration of the clinical efficacy of GNE-lipoplex for experimental gene therapy of HIBM2.
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Jay C, Nemunaitis G, Nemunaitis J, Senzer N, Hinderlich S, Darvish D, Ogden J, Eager J, Tong A, Maples PB. Preclinical assessment of wt GNE gene plasmid for management of hereditary inclusion body myopathy 2 (HIBM2). GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2008; 2:243-52. [PMID: 19787087 PMCID: PMC2733101 DOI: 10.4137/grsb.s728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy (HIBM2) is a chronic progressive skeletal muscle wasting disorder which generally leads to complete disability before the age of 50 years. There is currently no effective therapeutic treatment for HIBM2. Development of this disease is related to expression in family members of an autosomal recessive mutation of the GNE gene, which encodes the bifunctional enzyme UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ManNAc kinase (GNE/MNK). This is the rate limiting bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the first 2 steps of sialic acid biosynthesis. Decreased sialic acid production, consequently leads to decreased sialyation of a variety of glycoproteins including the critical muscle protein alpha-dystroglycan (alpha-DG). This in turn severely cripples muscle function and leads to the onset of the syndrome. We hypothesize that replacing the mutated GNE gene with the wildtype gene may restore functional capacity of GNE/MNK and therefore production of sialic acid, allowing for improvement in muscle function and/or delay in rate of muscle deterioration. We have constructed three GNE gene/CMV promoter plasmids (encoding the wildtype, HIBM2, and Sialuria forms of GNE) and demonstrated enhanced GNE gene activity following delivery to GNE-deficient CHO-Lec3 cells. GNE/MNK enzyme function was significantly increased and subsequent induction of sialic acid production was demonstrated after transfection into Lec3 cells with the wild type or R266Q mutant GNE vector. These data form the foundation for future preclinical and clinical studies for GNE gene transfer to treat HIBM2 patients.
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Inclusion-body myositis, a multifactorial muscle disease associated with aging: current concepts of pathogenesis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2007; 19:550-9. [DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e3282efdc7c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Motozaki Y, Komai K, Hirohata M, Asaka T, Ono K, Yamada M. Hereditary inclusion body myopathy with a novel mutation in the GNE gene associated with proximal leg weakness and necrotizing myopathy. Eur J Neurol 2007; 14:e14-5. [PMID: 17718674 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.01905.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Sporadic inclusion-body myositis (sIBM) is the most common acquired muscle disease in Caucasians over the age of 50 years. Pathologically it is marked by inflammatory, degenerative, and mitochondrial changes that interact in a yet-unknown way to cause progressive muscle degeneration and weakness. The cause of the disease is unknown, but it is thought to involve a complex interplay between environmental factors, genetic susceptibility, and aging. The strongest evidence for genetic susceptibility comes from studies of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), where different combinations of alleles have been associated with sIBM in different ethnic groups. The rare occurrence of familial cases of inclusion-body myositis (fIBM) adds additional evidence for genetic susceptibility. Other candidate genes such as those encoding some of the proteins accumulating in muscle fibers have been investigated, with negative results. The increased understanding of related disorders, the hereditary inclusion-body myopathies (hIBM), may also provide clues to the underlying pathogenesis of sIBM, but to date there is no indication that the genes responsible for these conditions are involved in sIBM. This review summarizes current understanding of the contribution of genetic susceptibility factors to the development of sIBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Needham
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Level 4, A Block, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
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Mastaglia F, Price P, Walters S, Fabian V, Miller J, Zilko P. Familial inclusion body myositis in a mother and son with different ancestral MHC haplotypes. Neuromuscul Disord 2006; 16:754-8. [PMID: 16934978 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2006.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Revised: 06/22/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An Ashkenazi Jewish family in which the mother and a son both have inclusion body myositis (IBM) is reported. The condition developed at an earlier age and was more rapidly progressive and less responsive to treatment in the son than in the mother or other IBM patients in our clinic. Genetic analysis showed that the mother carried alleles of the 8.1 MHC ancestral haplotype (AH; HLA-B8, DRB1*0301), which is found in 85% of IBM patients in Western Australia. The son did not inherit this haplotype, but carried alleles characteristic of the 52.1AH (HLA-B5, DRB1*1502) of paternal origin. The findings indicate that in this family either the 8.1AH or 52.1AH may carry susceptibility for IBM and that the 52.1AH is associated with a more severe and treatment-resistant form of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Mastaglia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, 4th Floor, A Block, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The distal myopathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders that pose a challenge to both the clinician and geneticist. This article summarizes the findings of recent clinical, genetic and molecular studies and the current diagnostic approach to this group of patients. RECENT FINDINGS Publications over the past 5 years describe a number of new clinical phenotypes and genetic loci and further emphasize the overlap in clinical phenotype between a number of these disorders and between the distal and limb girdle myopathies and hereditary inclusion body myopathies. Recent studies have led to the identification of the genes and mutations responsible for early onset (Laing) myopathy and tibial (Udd) myopathy, and for distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles (Nonaka), which has been shown to be allelic with quadriceps sparing hereditary inclusion body myopathy (IBM2), and have elucidated the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms in these conditions. New diagnostic approaches using magnetic resonance imaging, and a blood-based assay for dysferlin deficiency, have also been reported. SUMMARY These findings have important implications for future genetic linkage and gene expression studies and for the diagnostic approach to patients with a distal myopathy phenotype. They also hold promise for the eventual development of therapies for this group of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank L Mastaglia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Amouri R, Driss A, Murayama K, Kefi M, Nishino I, Hentati F. Allelic heterogeneity of GNE gene mutation in two Tunisian families with autosomal recessive inclusion body myopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2005; 15:361-3. [PMID: 15833430 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2005.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2004] [Revised: 12/20/2004] [Accepted: 01/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive hereditary inclusion body myopathy (AR-HIBM), with sparing of the quadriceps, is characterized by adult-onset, with weakness and atrophy of distal lower limb muscles, and typical histopathological findings in muscle biopsy. AR hIBM is associated with mutations in the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) gene on chromosome 9p12-13 . We report two unrelated Tunisian families with clinical and pathological features of AR HIBM. One distinct homozygous GNE missense mutation, M712T, previously reported in Middle Eastern Jewish patients, and a newly identified one, L379H, were found in one patient from each family. We conclude that AR HIBM in Tunisia shows an allelic genetic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Amouri
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology and Neuropathology, National Institute of Neurology, 1007 La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Salama I, Hinderlich S, Shlomai Z, Eisenberg I, Krause S, Yarema K, Argov Z, Lochmuller H, Reutter W, Dabby R, Sadeh M, Ben-Bassat H, Mitrani-Rosenbaum S. No overall hyposialylation in hereditary inclusion body myopathy myoblasts carrying the homozygous M712T GNE mutation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 328:221-6. [PMID: 15670773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.12.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary inclusion body myopathy (HIBM) is a unique group of neuromuscular disorders characterized by adult-onset, slowly progressive distal and proximal muscle weakness, which is caused by mutations in UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE), the key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of sialic acid. In order to investigate the consequences of the mutated GNE enzyme in muscle cells, we have established cell cultures from muscle biopsies carrying either kinase or epimerase mutations. While all myoblasts carrying a mutated GNE gene show a reduction in their epimerase activity, only the cells derived from the patient carrying a homozygous epimerase mutation present also a significant reduction in the overall membrane bound sialic acid. These results indicate that although mutations in each of the two GNE domains result in an impaired enzymatic activity and the same HIBM phenotype, they do not equally affect the overall sialylation of muscle cells. This lack of correlation suggests that the pathological mechanism of the disease may not be linked solely to the well-characterized sialic acid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Salama
- Goldyne Savad Institute for Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The etiology and much about the pathogenesis of the inflammatory myopathies remain a mystery. In this review, we investigate recent research efforts to understand the pathogenesis of the diverse entities of polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), and inclusion body myositis (IBM), diseases that result from interactions between environmental risk factors and genetic susceptibility. RECENT FINDINGS Over the past year, there has been considerable progress toward better understanding of IBM, with relatively few developments toward understanding PM and DM. Although these diseases may share some common clinical phenotypic and serologic components, they differ on a molecular and cellular level. SUMMARY The need for definitive, safer therapies in these diseases makes vital the search for defining detailed pathogenesis of inflammation and muscle fiber damage at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Christopher-Stine
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Nonaka I, Noguchi S, Nishino I. Distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles and hereditary inclusion body myopathy. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2005; 5:61-5. [PMID: 15676110 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-005-0025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles (DMRV) and hereditary inclusion body myopathy (hIBM) share similar clinical features, including onset in young adulthood with preferential involvement of the anterior compartment of the lower legs and sparing of the quadriceps femoris muscles. The most significant muscle pathology is the presence of rimmed vacuoles, which appear to play a major role in muscle atrophy and weakness. After the discovery of the gene locus in both DMRV and hIBM on chromosome 9 and mutations in the gene encoding the enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE), it became clear that they are allelic disorders. From gene analysis, it is evident that these diseases are not restricted to people of Japanese and Jewish ancestry, but that they are widely distributed throughout all ethnic groups. Although defective glycosylation to a muscle fiber has been suggested, the mechanism by which myofibrillar degeneration is followed by rimmed vacuole formation remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuya Nonaka
- Division of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
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Kalaydjieva L, Lochmüller H, Tournev I, Baas F, Beres J, Colomer J, Guergueltcheva V, Herrmann R, Karcagi V, King R, Miyata T, Müllner-Eidenböck A, Okuda T, Milic Rasic V, Santos M, Talim B, Vilchez J, Walter M, Urtizberea A, Merlini L. 125th ENMC International Workshop: Neuromuscular disorders in the Roma (Gypsy) population, 23-25 April 2004, Naarden, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2004; 15:65-71. [PMID: 15639123 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2004.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2004] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luba Kalaydjieva
- Western Australian Institute for Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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