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Duan M, Leng S, Mao P. Cisplatin in the era of PARP inhibitors and immunotherapy. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 258:108642. [PMID: 38614254 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Platinum compounds such as cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are widely used in chemotherapy. Cisplatin induces cytotoxic DNA damage that blocks DNA replication and gene transcription, leading to arrest of cell proliferation. Although platinum therapy alone is effective against many tumors, cancer cells can adapt to the treatment and gain resistance. The mechanisms for cisplatin resistance are complex, including low DNA damage formation, high DNA repair capacity, changes in apoptosis signaling pathways, rewired cell metabolisms, and others. Drug resistance compromises the clinical efficacy and calls for new strategies by combining cisplatin with other therapies. Exciting progress in cancer treatment, particularly development of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, opened a new chapter to combine cisplatin with these new cancer therapies. In this Review, we discuss how platinum synergizes with PARP inhibitors and immunotherapy to bring new hope to cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Duan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Peng Mao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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2
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Ivovič D, Šestáková Z, Roška J, Kálavská K, Hurbanová L, Holíčková A, Smolková B, Kabelíková P, Novotná V, Chovanec M, Palacka P, Mego M, Jurkovičová D, Chovanec M. DNA damage levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells before and after first cycle of chemotherapy have comparable prognostic values in germ cell tumor patients. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1360678. [PMID: 38496757 PMCID: PMC10940527 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1360678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Germ cell tumors (GCTs) represent the most frequent solid malignancy in young men. This malignancy is highly curable by cisplatin (CDDP)-based chemotherapy. However, there is a proportion of patients having a poor prognosis due to refractory disease or its relapse. No reliable biomarkers being able to timely and accurately stratify poor prognosis GCT patients are currently available. Previously, we have shown that chemotherapy-naïve GCT patients with higher DNA damage levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have significantly worse prognosis compared to patients with lower DNA damage levels. Methods DNA damage levels in PBMCs of both chemotherapy-naïve and first cycle chemotherapy-treated GCT patients have been assessed by standard alkaline comet assay and its styrene oxide (SO)-modified version. These levels were correlated with clinico-pathological characteristics. Results We re-confirm prognostic value of DNA damage level in chemotherapy-naïve GCT patients and reveal that this prognosticator is equally effective in GCT patients after first cycle of CDDP-based chemotherapy. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SO-modified comet assay is comparably sensitive as standard alkaline comet assay in case of patients who underwent first cycle of CDDP-based chemotherapy, although it appears more suitable to detect DNA cross-links. Conclusion We propose that DNA damage levels in PBMCs before and after first cycle of CCDP-based chemotherapy are comparable independent prognosticators for progression-free and overall survivals in GCT patients. Therefore, their clinical use is highly advised to stratify GCT patients to identify those who are most at risk of developing disease recurrence or relapse, allowing tailoring therapeutic interventions to poor prognosis individuals, and optimizing their care management and treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Ivovič
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Šestáková
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Roška
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Kálavská
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Bratislava, Slovakia
- 2 Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Hurbanová
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Holíčková
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Božena Smolková
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavlína Kabelíková
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Věra Novotná
- 1 Department of Oncology, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Chovanec
- 2 Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Patrik Palacka
- 2 Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Mego
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Bratislava, Slovakia
- 2 Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dana Jurkovičová
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Chovanec
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Bratislava, Slovakia
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3
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Kratz A, Kim M, Kelly MR, Zheng F, Koczor CA, Li J, Ono K, Qin Y, Churas C, Chen J, Pillich RT, Park J, Modak M, Collier R, Licon K, Pratt D, Sobol RW, Krogan NJ, Ideker T. A multi-scale map of protein assemblies in the DNA damage response. Cell Syst 2023; 14:447-463.e8. [PMID: 37220749 PMCID: PMC10330685 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) ensures error-free DNA replication and transcription and is disrupted in numerous diseases. An ongoing challenge is to determine the proteins orchestrating DDR and their organization into complexes, including constitutive interactions and those responding to genomic insult. Here, we use multi-conditional network analysis to systematically map DDR assemblies at multiple scales. Affinity purifications of 21 DDR proteins, with/without genotoxin exposure, are combined with multi-omics data to reveal a hierarchical organization of 605 proteins into 109 assemblies. The map captures canonical repair mechanisms and proposes new DDR-associated proteins extending to stress, transport, and chromatin functions. We find that protein assemblies closely align with genetic dependencies in processing specific genotoxins and that proteins in multiple assemblies typically act in multiple genotoxin responses. Follow-up by DDR functional readouts newly implicates 12 assembly members in double-strand-break repair. The DNA damage response assemblies map is available for interactive visualization and query (ccmi.org/ddram/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kratz
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Minkyu Kim
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA, USA; University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Marcus R Kelly
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Fan Zheng
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Koczor
- University of South Alabama, Department of Pharmacology and Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Jianfeng Li
- University of South Alabama, Department of Pharmacology and Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Keiichiro Ono
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yue Qin
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher Churas
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rudolf T Pillich
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jisoo Park
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maya Modak
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Collier
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kate Licon
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dexter Pratt
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert W Sobol
- University of South Alabama, Department of Pharmacology and Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Legorreta Cancer Center, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Trey Ideker
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA, USA.
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4
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Simón Serrano S, Tavecchio M, Mallik J, Grönberg A, Elmér E, Kifagi C, Gallay P, Hansson MJ, Massoumi R. Synergistic Effects of Sanglifehrin-Based Cyclophilin Inhibitor NV651 with Cisplatin in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194553. [PMID: 36230472 PMCID: PMC9559492 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage, is the most common primary liver cancer. Owing to a lack of effective HCC treatments and the commonly acquired chemoresistance, novel therapies need to be investigated. Cyclophilins-intracellular proteins with peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity-have been shown to play a key role in therapy resistance and cell proliferation. Here, we aimed to evaluate changes in the gene expression of HCC cells caused by cyclophilin inhibition in order to explore suitable combination treatment approaches, including the use of chemoagents, such as cisplatin. Our results show that the novel cyclophilin inhibitor NV651 decreases the expression of genes involved in several pathways related to the cancer cell cycle and DNA repair. We evaluated the potential synergistic effect of NV651 in combination with other treatments used against HCC in cisplatin-sensitive cells. NV651 showed a synergistic effect in inhibiting cell proliferation, with a significant increase in intrinsic apoptosis in combination with the DNA crosslinking agent cisplatin. This combination also affected cell cycle progression and reduced the capacity of the cell to repair DNA in comparison with a single treatment with cisplatin. Based on these results, we believe that the combination of cisplatin and NV651 may provide a novel approach to HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Simón Serrano
- Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
- Abliva AB, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, SE-233 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michele Tavecchio
- Abliva AB, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, SE-233 81 Lund, Sweden
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Josef Mallik
- Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Alvar Grönberg
- Abliva AB, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, SE-233 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Eskil Elmér
- Abliva AB, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, SE-233 81 Lund, Sweden
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Chamseddine Kifagi
- NGS & OMICS Data Analysis (NODA) Consulting, Flöjtvägen 10b, SE-224 68 Lund, Sweden
| | - Philippe Gallay
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Magnus Joakim Hansson
- Abliva AB, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, SE-233 81 Lund, Sweden
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramin Massoumi
- Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-46-222-64-30
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5
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Hrq1/RECQL4 regulation is critical for preventing aberrant recombination during DNA intrastrand crosslink repair and is upregulated in breast cancer. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010122. [PMID: 36126066 PMCID: PMC9488787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human RECQL4 is a member of the RecQ family of DNA helicases and functions during DNA replication and repair. RECQL4 mutations are associated with developmental defects and cancer. Although RECQL4 mutations lead to disease, RECQL4 overexpression is also observed in cancer, including breast and prostate. Thus, tight regulation of RECQL4 protein levels is crucial for genome stability. Because mammalian RECQL4 is essential, how cells regulate RECQL4 protein levels is largely unknown. Utilizing budding yeast, we investigated the RECQL4 homolog, HRQ1, during DNA crosslink repair. We find that Hrq1 functions in the error-free template switching pathway to mediate DNA intrastrand crosslink repair. Although Hrq1 mediates repair of cisplatin-induced lesions, it is paradoxically degraded by the proteasome following cisplatin treatment. By identifying the targeted lysine residues, we show that preventing Hrq1 degradation results in increased recombination and mutagenesis. Like yeast, human RECQL4 is similarly degraded upon exposure to crosslinking agents. Furthermore, over-expression of RECQL4 results in increased RAD51 foci, which is dependent on its helicase activity. Using bioinformatic analysis, we observe that RECQL4 overexpression correlates with increased recombination and mutations. Overall, our study uncovers a role for Hrq1/RECQL4 in DNA intrastrand crosslink repair and provides further insight how misregulation of RECQL4 can promote genomic instability, a cancer hallmark. RECQL4 is a DNA helicase and functions during DNA replication and repair. While loss-of-function RECQL4 mutations are found in diseases characterized by developmental defects and cancer, such as Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, over-expression of RECQL4 is also observed in cancer, such as breast cancer. Therefore, RECQL4 protein expression must be tightly regulated. Here we used the budding yeast homolog of RECQL4, Hrq1, and discovered that overexpression of Hrq1 protein levels result in increased recombination and mutations, both cancer hallmarks. We find that Hrq1 functions to mediate repair of a specific type of DNA damage, intrastrand crosslinks, which occur when DNA nucleotides on the same strand are chemically linked together. These findings are also conserved in humans suggesting a common mechanism between yeast Hrq1 and human RECQL4. Overall, our study identifies a conserved role for RECQL4 in DNA intrastrand crosslink repair and provides insights into how its misregulation could promote cancer development.
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6
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Targeting DNA Damage Response and Repair to Enhance Therapeutic Index in Cisplatin-Based Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158199. [PMID: 34360968 PMCID: PMC8347825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapies, such as cisplatin, play a large role in cancer treatment. The development of resistance and treatment toxicity creates substantial barriers to disease control, yet. To enhance the therapeutic index of cisplatin-based chemotherapy, it is imperative to circumvent resistance and toxicity while optimizing tumor sensitization. One of the primary mechanisms by which cancer cells develop resistance to cisplatin is through upregulation of DNA repair pathways. In this review, we discuss the DNA damage response in the context of cisplatin-induced DNA damage. We describe the proteins involved in the pathways and their roles in resistance development. Common biomarkers for cisplatin resistance and their utilization to improve patient risk stratification and treatment personalization are addressed. Finally, we discuss some of the current treatments and future strategies to circumvent the development of cisplatin resistance.
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7
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Ottaviano M, Giunta EF, Rescigno P, Pereira Mestre R, Marandino L, Tortora M, Riccio V, Parola S, Casula M, Paliogiannis P, Cossu A, Vogl UM, Bosso D, Rosanova M, Mazzola B, Daniele B, Palmieri G, Palmieri G. The Enigmatic Role of TP53 in Germ Cell Tumours: Are We Missing Something? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7160. [PMID: 34281219 PMCID: PMC8267694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cure rate of germ cell tumours (GCTs) has significantly increased from the late 1970s since the introduction of cisplatin-based therapy, which to date remains the milestone for GCTs treatment. The exquisite cisplatin sensitivity has been mainly explained by the over-expression in GCTs of wild-type TP53 protein and the lack of TP53 somatic mutations; however, several other mechanisms seem to be involved, many of which remain still elusive. The findings about the role of TP53 in platinum-sensitivity and resistance, as well as the reported evidence of second cancers (SCs) in GCT patients treated only with surgery, suggesting a spectrum of cancer predisposing syndromes, highlight the need for a deepened understanding of the role of TP53 in GCTs. In the following report we explore the complex role of TP53 in GCTs cisplatin-sensitivity and resistance mechanisms, passing through several recent genomic studies, as well as its role in GCT patients with SCs, going through our experience of Center of reference for both GCTs and cancer predisposing syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Ottaviano
- Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, 80147 Naples, Italy; (D.B.); (M.R.); (B.D.)
- CRCTR Coordinating Rare Tumors Reference Center of Campania Region, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (G.P.)
- IOSI (Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; (R.P.M.); (L.M.); (U.M.V.)
| | - Emilio Francesco Giunta
- Oncology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, Università Degli Studi Della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Rescigno
- Interdisciplinary Group for Translational Research and Clinical Trials, Urological Cancers (GIRT-Uro), Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10160 Turin, Italy;
| | - Ricardo Pereira Mestre
- IOSI (Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; (R.P.M.); (L.M.); (U.M.V.)
| | - Laura Marandino
- IOSI (Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; (R.P.M.); (L.M.); (U.M.V.)
| | - Marianna Tortora
- CRCTR Coordinating Rare Tumors Reference Center of Campania Region, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (G.P.)
| | - Vittorio Riccio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Sara Parola
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Milena Casula
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Panagiotis Paliogiannis
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medical, Surgical, Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Cossu
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medical, Surgical, Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Ursula Maria Vogl
- IOSI (Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; (R.P.M.); (L.M.); (U.M.V.)
| | - Davide Bosso
- Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, 80147 Naples, Italy; (D.B.); (M.R.); (B.D.)
| | - Mario Rosanova
- Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, 80147 Naples, Italy; (D.B.); (M.R.); (B.D.)
| | - Brunello Mazzola
- Department of Urology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6600 Locarno, Switzerland;
| | - Bruno Daniele
- Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, 80147 Naples, Italy; (D.B.); (M.R.); (B.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.C.); (G.P.)
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medical, Surgical, Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Giovannella Palmieri
- CRCTR Coordinating Rare Tumors Reference Center of Campania Region, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (G.P.)
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A Gene Expression Signature to Predict Nucleotide Excision Repair Defects and Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095008. [PMID: 34066883 PMCID: PMC8125907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) resolves DNA adducts, such as those caused by ultraviolet light. Deficient NER (dNER) results in a higher mutation rate that can predispose to cancer development and premature ageing phenotypes. Here, we used isogenic dNER model cell lines to establish a gene expression signature that can accurately predict functional NER capacity in both cell lines and patient samples. Critically, none of the identified NER deficient cell lines harbored mutations in any NER genes, suggesting that the prevalence of NER defects may currently be underestimated. Identification of compounds that induce the dNER gene expression signature led to the discovery that NER can be functionally impaired by GSK3 inhibition, leading to synergy when combined with cisplatin treatment. Furthermore, we predicted and validated multiple novel drugs that are synthetically lethal with NER defects using the dNER gene signature as a drug discovery platform. Taken together, our work provides a dynamic predictor of NER function that may be applied for therapeutic stratification as well as development of novel biological insights in human tumors.
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Li L, Kumar AK, Hu Z, Guo Z. Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Key Proteins in the DNA Damage Response for Cancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:963-985. [PMID: 32091326 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200224102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) is a complicated interactional pathway. Defects that occur in subordinate pathways of the DDR pathway can lead to genomic instability and cancer susceptibility. Abnormal expression of some proteins in DDR, especially in the DNA repair pathway, are associated with the subsistence and resistance of cancer cells. Therefore, the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting the chief proteins in the DDR pathway is an effective strategy for cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting chief proteins in the DDR pathway, particularly focusing on their implications for cancer therapy. We present the action mode of DDR molecule inhibitors in preclinical studies and clinical cancer therapy, including monotherapy and combination therapy with chemotherapeutic drugs or checkpoint suppression therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Alagamuthu Karthick Kumar
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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10
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Skowron MA, Hoffmann MJ, Watolla MM, Nettersheim D. Evaluation of Chemotherapeutic Drugs for Treatment of (Cisplatin-Resistant) Germ Cell Cancer Cell Lines. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2195:99-111. [PMID: 32852760 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0860-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin resistance still remains a major obstacle in the standard chemotherapeutic approach in late-stage and metastatic testicular germ cell cancer (GCC) patients. This multifactorial and complex phenomenon arises (concomitantly) on several levels due to impaired transport, decreased adduct formation, increased DNA-repair, decreased apoptosis, or compensating pathways. Evaluation of novel therapeutic approaches and pharmacological inhibitors still remains necessary to treat cisplatin-resistant GCCs. In this chapter, we present in vitro techniques to measure cytotoxic impacts of chemotherapeutic drugs on GCC cell lines. Specifically, we will discuss the measurement of relative cell viability by XTT assay, as well as cell cycle distribution and apoptosis assay by Nicoletti- and Annexin V/PI apoptosis assay with subsequent flow cytometry, respectively, to evaluate the effects of cytotoxic treatment in GCC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaretha A Skowron
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michèle J Hoffmann
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Meike M Watolla
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Nettersheim
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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11
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Differential gene expression in cisplatin-resistant and -sensitive testicular germ cell tumor cell lines. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4735-4753. [PMID: 33473258 PMCID: PMC7771712 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) represent a well curable malignity due to their exceptional response to cisplatin (CDDP). Despite remarkable treatment results, approximately 5% of TGCT patients develop CDDP resistance and die. Exceptional curability makes TGCTs a highly valuable model system for studying the molecular mechanisms of CDDP sensitivity. Our study was aimed at revealing difference in gene expression between the CDDP-resistant and -sensitive TGCT cell lines, and hence at identifying candidate genes that could serve as potential biomarkers of CDDP response. Using gene expression array, we identified 281 genes that are differentially expressed in CDDP-resistant compared to -sensitive TGCT cell lines. The expression of 25 genes with the highest fold change was validated by RT-qPCR. Of them, DNMT3L, GAL, IGFBP2, IGFBP7, L1TD1, NANOG, NTF3, POU5F1, SOX2, WNT6, ZFP42, ID2, PCP4, SLC40A1 and TRIB3, displayed comparable expression change in gene expression array and RT-qPCR, when all CDDP-resistant TGCT cell lines were pairwise combined with all -sensitive ones. Products of the identified genes are pluripotency factors, or are involved in processes, such as cell metabolism, proliferation or migration. We propose that, after clinical validation, these genes could serve as prognostic biomarkers for early detection of CDDP response in TGCT patients.
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12
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Role of Nucleotide Excision Repair in Cisplatin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239248. [PMID: 33291532 PMCID: PMC7730652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug used for the treatment of a number of cancers. The efficacy of cisplatin relies on its binding to DNA and the induction of cytotoxic DNA damage to kill cancer cells. Cisplatin-based therapy is best known for curing testicular cancer; however, treatment of other solid tumors with cisplatin has not been as successful. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have revealed nucleotide excision repair (NER) as a major resistance mechanism against cisplatin in tumor cells. NER is a versatile DNA repair system targeting a wide range of helix-distorting DNA damage. The NER pathway consists of multiple steps, including damage recognition, pre-incision complex assembly, dual incision, and repair synthesis. NER proteins can recognize cisplatin-induced DNA damage and remove the damage from the genome, thereby neutralizing the cytotoxicity of cisplatin and causing drug resistance. Here, we review the molecular mechanism by which NER repairs cisplatin damage, focusing on the recent development of genome-wide cisplatin damage mapping methods. We also discuss how the expression and somatic mutations of key NER genes affect the response of cancer cells to cisplatin. Finally, small molecules targeting NER factors provide important tools to manipulate NER capacity in cancer cells. The status of research on these inhibitors and their implications in cancer treatment will be discussed.
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13
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Schoch S, Gajewski S, Rothfuß J, Hartwig A, Köberle B. Comparative Study of the Mode of Action of Clinically Approved Platinum-Based Chemotherapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186928. [PMID: 32967255 PMCID: PMC7555145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum drugs are among the most effective anticancer agents, but their mode of action is still not fully understood. We therefore carried out a systematic investigation on the cellular activities of cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin in A498 kidney cancer cells. Cytotoxicity was higher for cisplatin and oxaliplatin compared to carboplatin, with induction of apoptosis as the preferred mode of cell death. Gene expression profiling displayed modulation of genes related to DNA damage response/repair, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis which was more pronounced upon oxaliplatin treatment. Furthermore, repression of specific DNA repair genes was restricted to oxaliplatin. Transcriptional level observations were further analyzed on the functional level. Uptake studies revealed low intracellular platinum accumulation and DNA platination upon carboplatin treatment. Removal of overall DNA platination was comparable for the three drugs. However, no processing of oxaliplatin-induced interstrand crosslinks was observed. Cisplatin and carboplatin influenced cell cycle distribution comparably, while oxaliplatin had no effect. Altogether, we found a similar mode of action for cisplatin and carboplatin, while the activity of oxaliplatin appeared to differ. This might be clinically relevant as due to the difference in mode of action oxaliplatin could be active in tumors which show resistance towards cisplatin and carboplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schoch
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (S.S.); (S.G.); (J.R.); (A.H.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 22381 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sabine Gajewski
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (S.S.); (S.G.); (J.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Jana Rothfuß
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (S.S.); (S.G.); (J.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Andrea Hartwig
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (S.S.); (S.G.); (J.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Beate Köberle
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (S.S.); (S.G.); (J.R.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-721-608-42933
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14
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Enhancing chemotherapy response through augmented synthetic lethality by co-targeting nucleotide excision repair and cell-cycle checkpoints. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4124. [PMID: 32807787 PMCID: PMC7431578 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to DNA damage, a synthetic lethal relationship exists between the cell cycle checkpoint kinase MK2 and the tumor suppressor p53. Here, we describe the concept of augmented synthetic lethality (ASL): depletion of a third gene product enhances a pre-existing synthetic lethal combination. We show that loss of the DNA repair protein XPA markedly augments the synthetic lethality between MK2 and p53, enhancing anti-tumor responses alone and in combination with cisplatin chemotherapy. Delivery of siRNA-peptide nanoplexes co-targeting MK2 and XPA to pre-existing p53-deficient tumors in a highly aggressive, immunocompetent mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma improves long-term survival and cisplatin response beyond those of the synthetic lethal p53 mutant/MK2 combination alone. These findings establish a mechanism for co-targeting DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints in combination with repair of cisplatin-DNA lesions in vivo using RNAi nanocarriers, and motivate further exploration of ASL as a generalized strategy to improve cancer treatment.
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15
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Cisplatin Resistance in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: Current Challenges from Various Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061601. [PMID: 32560427 PMCID: PMC7352163 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors share a marked sensitivity to cisplatin, contributing to their overall good prognosis. However, a subset of patients develop resistance to platinum-based treatments, by still-elusive mechanisms, experiencing poor quality of life due to multiple (often ineffective) interventions and, eventually, dying from disease. Currently, there is a lack of defined treatment opportunities for these patients that tackle the mechanism(s) underlying the emergence of resistance. Herein, we aim to provide a multifaceted overview of cisplatin resistance in testicular germ cell tumors, from the clinical perspective, to the pathobiology (including mechanisms contributing to induction of the resistant phenotype), to experimental models available for studying this occurrence. We provide a systematic summary of pre-target, on-target, post-target, and off-target mechanisms putatively involved in cisplatin resistance, providing data from preclinical studies and from those attempting validation in clinical samples, including those exploring specific alterations as therapeutic targets, some of them included in ongoing clinical trials. We briefly discuss the specificities of resistance related to teratoma (differentiated) phenotype, including the phenomena of growing teratoma syndrome and development of somatic-type malignancy. Cisplatin resistance is most likely multifactorial, and a combination of therapeutic strategies will most likely produce the best clinical benefit.
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16
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de Vries G, Rosas-Plaza X, van Vugt MATM, Gietema JA, de Jong S. Testicular cancer: Determinants of cisplatin sensitivity and novel therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 88:102054. [PMID: 32593915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common solid tumor among men aged between 15 and 40 years. TCs are highly aneuploid and the 12p isochromosome is the most frequent chromosomal abnormality. The mutation rate is of TC is low, with recurrent mutations in KIT and KRAS observed only at low frequency in seminomas. Overall cure rates are high, even in a metastatic setting, resulting from excellent cisplatin sensitivity of TCs. Factors contributing to the observed cisplatin sensitivity include defective DNA damage repair and a hypersensitive apoptotic response to DNA damage. Nonetheless, around 10-20% of TC patients with metastatic disease cannot be cured by cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Resistance mechanisms include downregulation of OCT4 and failure to induce PUMA and NOXA, elevated levels of MDM2, and hyperactivity of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Several pre-clinical approaches have proven successful in overcoming cisplatin resistance, including specific targeting of PARP, MDM2 or AKT/mTOR combined with cisplatin. Finally, patient-derived xenograft models hold potential for mechanistic studies and pre-clinical validation of novel therapeutic strategies in TC. While clinical trials investigating targeted drugs have been disappointing, pre-clinical successes with chemotherapy and targeted drug combinations fuel the need for further investigation in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerda de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ximena Rosas-Plaza
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A T M van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jourik A Gietema
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven de Jong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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17
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Guo J, Zhang J, Liang L, Liu N, Qi M, Zhao S, Su J, Liu J, Peng C, Chen X, Liu H. Potent USP10/13 antagonist spautin-1 suppresses melanoma growth via ROS-mediated DNA damage and exhibits synergy with cisplatin. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4324-4340. [PMID: 32129945 PMCID: PMC7171391 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most invasive tumours. However, effective therapeutic strategies are limited, and overall survival rates remain low. By utilizing transcriptomic profiling, tissue array and molecular biology, we revealed that two key ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs), ubiquitin-specific peptidase10 (USP10) and ubiquitin-specific peptidase10 (USP13), were significantly elevated in melanoma at the mRNA and protein levels. Spautin-1 has been reported as a USP10 and USP13 antagonist, and we demonstrated that spautin-1 has potent anti-tumour effects as reflected by MTS and the colony formation assays in various melanoma cell lines without cytotoxic effects in HaCaT and JB6 cell lines. Mechanistically, we identified apoptosis and ROS-mediated DNA damage as critical mechanisms underlying the spautin-1-mediated anti-tumour effect by utilizing transcriptomics, qRT-PCR validation, flow cytometry, Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Importantly, by screening spautin-1 with targeted or chemotherapeutic drugs, we showed that spautin-1 exhibited synergy with cisplatin in the treatment of melanoma. Pre-clinically, we demonstrated that spautin-1 significantly attenuated tumour growth in a cell line-derived xenograft mouse model, and its anti-tumour effect was further enhanced by cotreatment with cisplatin. Taken together, our study revealed a novel molecular mechanism of spautin-1 effecting in melanoma and identified a potential therapeutic strategy in treatment of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Department of DermatologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseChangshaChina
| | - JiangLing Zhang
- Department of DermatologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseChangshaChina
| | - Long Liang
- Department of DermatologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseChangshaChina
- Molecular Biology Research Center and Center for Medical GeneticsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of DermatologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseChangshaChina
| | - Min Qi
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of DermatologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseChangshaChina
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer ImmunotherapyCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Juan Su
- Department of DermatologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseChangshaChina
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer ImmunotherapyCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center and Center for Medical GeneticsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of DermatologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseChangshaChina
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer ImmunotherapyCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of DermatologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseChangshaChina
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer ImmunotherapyCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of DermatologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and PsoriasisChangshaChina
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseChangshaChina
- Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer ImmunotherapyCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Research Center of Molecular MetabolomicsXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
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18
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Jiang DM, Hamilton RJ, Hansen AR. Chemotherapy intensification for first-line treatment of poor-prognosis metastatic germ cell cancer is not yet ready for prime time. Can Urol Assoc J 2020; 14:48-49. [PMID: 31999546 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.6407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Maria Jiang
- Division of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert J Hamilton
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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19
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Yamazaki H, Shirakawa K, Matsumoto T, Kazuma Y, Matsui H, Horisawa Y, Stanford E, Sarca AD, Shirakawa R, Shindo K, Takaori-Kondo A. APOBEC3B reporter myeloma cell lines identify DNA damage response pathways leading to APOBEC3B expression. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0223463. [PMID: 31914134 PMCID: PMC6948746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) DNA cytosine deaminase 3B (A3B) is a DNA editing enzyme which induces genomic DNA mutations in multiple myeloma and in various other cancers. APOBEC family proteins are highly homologous so it is especially difficult to investigate the biology of specifically A3B in cancer cells. To easily and comprehensively investigate A3B function in myeloma cells, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate A3B reporter cells that contain 3×FLAG tag and IRES-EGFP sequences integrated at the end of the A3B gene. These reporter cells stably express 3xFLAG tagged A3B and the reporter EGFP and this expression is enhanced by known stimuli, such as PMA. Conversely, shRNA knockdown of A3B decreased EGFP fluorescence and 3xFLAG tagged A3B protein levels. We screened a series of anticancer treatments using these cell lines and identified that most conventional therapies, such as antimetabolites or radiation, exacerbated endogenous A3B expression, but recent molecular targeted therapeutics, including bortezomib, lenalidomide and elotuzumab, did not. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of ATM, ATR and DNA-PK suppressed EGFP expression upon treatment with antimetabolites. These results suggest that DNA damage triggers A3B expression through ATM, ATR and DNA-PK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamazaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kotaro Shirakawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Matsumoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuma
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsui
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Horisawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Emani Stanford
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Anamaria Daniela Sarca
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shindo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Cierna Z, Miskovska V, Roska J, Jurkovicova D, Pulzova LB, Sestakova Z, Hurbanova L, Machalekova K, Chovanec M, Rejlekova K, Svetlovska D, Kalavska K, Kajo K, Babal P, Mardiak J, Ward TA, Mego M, Chovanec M. Increased levels of XPA might be the basis of cisplatin resistance in germ cell tumours. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:17. [PMID: 31906898 PMCID: PMC6945513 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Germ cell tumours (GCTs) represent a highly curable malignity as they respond well to cisplatin (CDDP)-based chemotherapy. Nevertheless, a small proportion of GCT patients relapse or do not respond to therapy. As this might be caused by an increased capacity to repair CDDP-induced DNA damage, identification of DNA repair biomarkers predicting inadequate or aberrant response to CDDP, and thus poor prognosis for GCT patients, poses a challenge. The objective of this study is to examine the expression levels of the key nucleotide excision repair (NER) factors, XPA, ERCC1 and XPF, in GCT patients and cell lines. Methods Two hundred seven GCT patients’ specimens with sufficient follow-up clinical-pathological data and pairwise combinations of CDDP-resistant and -sensitive GCT cell lines were included. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the ERCC1, XPF and XPA protein expression levels in GCT patients’ specimen and Western blot and qRT-PCR examined the protein and mRNA expression levels in GCT cell lines. Results GCT patients with low XPA expression had significantly better overall survival than patients with high expression (hazard ratio = 0.38, 95% confidence interval: 0.12–1.23, p = 0.0228). In addition, XPA expression was increased in the non-seminomatous histological subtype, IGCCCG poor prognosis group, increasing S stage, as well as the presence of lung, liver and non-pulmonary visceral metastases. Importantly, a correlation between inadequate or aberrant CDDP response and XPA expression found in GCT patients was also seen in GCT cell lines. Conclusions XPA expression is an additional independent prognostic biomarker for stratifying GCT patients, allowing for improvements in decision-making on treatment for those at high risk of refractoriness or relapse. In addition, it could represent a novel therapeutic target in GCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Cierna
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vera Miskovska
- 1st Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Roska
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dana Jurkovicova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Borszekova Pulzova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Sestakova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Hurbanova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Michal Chovanec
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Rejlekova
- St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.,2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Svetlovska
- St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Translational Research Unit, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Kalavska
- St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Translational Research Unit, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karol Kajo
- St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavel Babal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty Hospital with Policlinics Skalica a.s., Skalica, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Mardiak
- St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.,2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Thomas A Ward
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Michal Mego
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Translational Research Unit, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Chovanec
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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21
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Bartolowits MD, Gast JM, Hasler AJ, Cirrincione AM, O’Connor RJ, Mahmoud AH, Lill MA, Davisson VJ. Discovery of Inhibitors for Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Using a Computational-Based Linked-Multiple-Fragment Screen. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15181-15196. [PMID: 31552364 PMCID: PMC6751697 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a central factor in DNA replication and repair pathways that plays an essential role in genome stability. The functional roles of PCNA are mediated through an extensive list of protein-protein interactions, each of which transmits specific information in protein assemblies. The flexibility at the PCNA-protein interaction interfaces offers opportunities for the discovery of functionally selective inhibitors of DNA repair pathways. Current fragment-based drug design methodologies can be limited by the flexibility of protein interfaces. These factors motivated an approach to defining compounds that could leverage previously identified subpockets on PCNA that are suitable for fragment-binding sites. Methodologies for screening multiple connected fragment-binding events in distinct subpockets are deployed to improve the selection of fragment combinations. A flexible backbone based on N-alkyl-glycine amides offers a scaffold to combinatorically link multiple fragments for in silico screening libraries that explore the diversity of subpockets at protein interfaces. This approach was applied to discover new potential inhibitors of DNA replication and repair that target PCNA in a multiprotein recognition site. The screens of the libraries were designed to computationally filter ligands based upon the fragments and positions to <1%, which were synthesized and tested for direct binding to PCNA. Molecular dynamics simulations also revealed distinct features of these novel molecules that block key PCNA-protein interactions. Furthermore, a Bayesian classifier predicted 15 of the 16 new inhibitors to be modulators of protein-protein interactions, demonstrating the method's utility as an effective screening filter. The cellular activities of example ligands with similar affinity for PCNA demonstrate unique properties for novel selective synergy with therapeutic DNA-damaging agents in drug-resistant contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Bartolowits
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jonathon M. Gast
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ashlee J. Hasler
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Anthony M. Cirrincione
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Rachel J. O’Connor
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Amr H. Mahmoud
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Markus A. Lill
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Vincent Jo Davisson
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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22
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Slyskova J, Sabatella M, Ribeiro-Silva C, Stok C, Theil AF, Vermeulen W, Lans H. Base and nucleotide excision repair facilitate resolution of platinum drugs-induced transcription blockage. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:9537-9549. [PMID: 30137419 PMCID: PMC6182164 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitivity and resistance of cells to platinum drug chemotherapy are to a large extent determined by activity of the DNA damage response (DDR). Combining chemotherapy with inhibition of specific DDR pathways could therefore improve treatment efficacy. Multiple DDR pathways have been implicated in removal of platinum-DNA lesions, but it is unclear which exact pathways are most important to cellular platinum drug resistance. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 screening to identify DDR proteins that protect colorectal cancer cells against the clinically applied platinum drug oxaliplatin. We find that besides the expected homologous recombination, Fanconi anemia and translesion synthesis pathways, in particular also transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) and base excision repair (BER) protect against platinum-induced cytotoxicity. Both repair pathways are required to overcome oxaliplatin- and cisplatin-induced transcription arrest. In addition to the generation of DNA crosslinks, exposure to platinum drugs leads to reactive oxygen species production that induces oxidative DNA lesions, explaining the requirement for BER. Our findings highlight the importance of transcriptional integrity in cells exposed to platinum drugs and suggest that both TC-NER and BER should be considered as targets for novel combinatorial treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Slyskova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariangela Sabatella
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Ribeiro-Silva
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colin Stok
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan F Theil
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hannes Lans
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +31 10 7038169; Fax: +31 10 7044743;
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23
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Li C, Li T, Huang L, Yang M, Zhu G. Self‐assembled Lipid Nanoparticles for Ratiometric Codelivery of Cisplatin and siRNA Targeting XPF to Combat Drug Resistance in Lung Cancer. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1570-1576. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cai Li
- Department of ChemistryCity University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Ave Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute China
| | - Tianzhong Li
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCity University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Ave Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute China
| | - Linfeng Huang
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCity University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Ave Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCity University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Ave Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Department of ChemistryCity University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Ave Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute China
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24
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Pathak RK, Basu U, Ahmad A, Sarkar S, Kumar A, Surnar B, Ansari S, Wilczek K, Ivan ME, Marples B, Kolishetti N, Dhar S. A designer bow-tie combination therapeutic platform: An approach to resistant cancer treatment by simultaneous delivery of cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory agents and radiation. Biomaterials 2018; 187:117-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Kuraoka I. Alternative excision repair of topoisomerase inhibitor-induced DNA damage. THE NUCLEUS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-018-0248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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26
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Gentile F, Barakat KH, Tuszynski JA. Computational Characterization of Small Molecules Binding to the Human XPF Active Site and Virtual Screening to Identify Potential New DNA Repair Inhibitors Targeting the ERCC1-XPF Endonuclease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051328. [PMID: 29710850 PMCID: PMC5983712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA excision repair protein ERCC-1-DNA repair endonuclease XPF (ERCC1-XPF) is a heterodimeric endonuclease essential for the nucleotide excision repair (NER) DNA repair pathway. Although its activity is required to maintain genome integrity in healthy cells, ERCC1-XPF can counteract the effect of DNA-damaging therapies such as platinum-based chemotherapy in cancer cells. Therefore, a promising approach to enhance the effect of these therapies is to combine their use with small molecules, which can inhibit the repair mechanisms in cancer cells. Currently, there are no structures available for the catalytic site of the human ERCC1-XPF, which performs the metal-mediated cleavage of a DNA damaged strand at 5′. We adopted a homology modeling strategy to build a structural model of the human XPF nuclease domain which contained the active site and to extract dominant conformations of the domain using molecular dynamics simulations followed by clustering of the trajectory. We investigated the binding modes of known small molecule inhibitors targeting the active site to build a pharmacophore model. We then performed a virtual screening of the ZINC Is Not Commercial 15 (ZINC15) database to identify new ERCC1-XPF endonuclease inhibitors. Our work provides structural insights regarding the binding mode of small molecules targeting the ERCC1-XPF active site that can be used to rationally optimize such compounds. We also propose a set of new potential DNA repair inhibitors to be considered for combination cancer therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gentile
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Khaled H Barakat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada.
| | - Jack A Tuszynski
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy.
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27
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Sestakova Z, Kalavska K, Hurbanova L, Jurkovicova D, Gursky J, Chovanec M, Svetlovska D, Miskovska V, Obertova J, Palacka P, Rejlekova K, Sycova-Mila Z, Cingelova S, Spanik S, Mardiak J, Chovanec M, Mego M. The prognostic value of DNA damage level in peripheral blood lymphocytes of chemotherapy-naïve patients with germ cell cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:75996-76005. [PMID: 27732956 PMCID: PMC5342793 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are extraordinarily sensitive to cisplatin (CDDP)-based chemotherapy. DNA damage represents one of the most important factors contributing to toxic effects of CDDP-based chemotherapy. This study was aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of DNA damage level in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from chemo-naïve GCT patients. PBLs isolated from 59 chemotherapy-naïve GCT patients were included into this prospective study. DNA damage levels in PBLs were evaluated by the Comet assay and scored as percentage tail DNA by the Metafer-MetaCyte analyzing software. The mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean) of endogenous DNA damage level was 5.25 ± 0.64. Patients with DNA damage levels lower than mean had significantly better progression free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.19, 95% CI (0.04 – 0.96), P = 0.01) and overall survival (HR = 0.00, 95% CI (0.00 – 0.0), P < 0.001) compared to patients with DNA damage levels higher than mean. Moreover, there was significant correlation between the DNA damage level and presence of mediastinal lymph nodes metastases, IGCCCG (International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group) risk group, and serum tumor markers level. These data suggest that DNA damage levels in PBLs of GCT patients may serve as an important prognostic marker early identifying patients with poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Sestakova
- Department of Genetics Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Kalavska
- Department of Genetics Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Hurbanova
- Department of Genetics Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dana Jurkovicova
- Department of Genetics Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Gursky
- Department of Genetics Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Chovanec
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Svetlovska
- Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vera Miskovska
- 1st Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Obertova
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Patrik Palacka
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Rejlekova
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Silvia Cingelova
- Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Spanik
- 1st Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Oncology, St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Mardiak
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Chovanec
- Department of Genetics Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Mego
- Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.,2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
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28
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Domagala P, Hybiak J, Rys J, Byrski T, Cybulski C, Lubinski J. Pathological complete response after cisplatin neoadjuvant therapy is associated with the downregulation of DNA repair genes in BRCA1-associated triple-negative breast cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68662-68673. [PMID: 27626685 PMCID: PMC5356581 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is considered a suitable surrogate marker of treatment efficacy in patients with triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying pCR as a result of such treatment remain obscure. Using real-time PCR arrays we compared the expression levels of 120 genes involved in the main mechanisms of DNA repair in 43 pretreatment biopsies of BRCA1-associated TNBCs exhibiting pCR and no pathological complete response (non-pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin. Altogether, 25 genes were significantly differentially expressed between tumors exhibiting pCR and non-pCR, and these genes were downregulated in the pCR group compared to the non-pCR group. A difference in expression level greater than 1.5-fold was detected for nine genes: MGMT, ERCC4, FANCB, UBA1, XRCC5, XPA, XPC, PARP3, and RPA1. The non-homologous end joining and nucleotide excision repair pathways of DNA repair showed the most significant relevance. Expression profile of DNA repair genes associated with pCR was different in the node-positive (20 genes with fold change >1.5) and node-negative (only 3 genes) subgroups. Although BRCA1 germline mutations are the principal defects in BRCA1-associated TNBC, our results indicate that the additional downregulation of other genes engaged in major pathways of DNA repair may play a decisive role in the pathological response of these tumors to cisplatin neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The results suggest that patients with node-positive BRCA1-associated TNBCs that do not exhibit pCR after cisplatin neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be candidates for subsequent therapy with PARP inhibitors, whereas UBA1 may be a potential therapeutic target in node-negative subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Domagala
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Hybiak
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Janusz Rys
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre & Institute of Oncology, Krakow Branch, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Byrski
- Department of Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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29
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Afsar T, Razak S, Almajwal A, Khan MR. Acacia hydaspica R. Parker ameliorates cisplatin induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and morphological alterations in rat pulmonary tissue. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:49. [PMID: 29394892 PMCID: PMC5797377 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Cisplatin (CP) drug is platinum compounds used for the treatment of various human malignancies. However, adverse outcomes related to CP restrict its usage. Acacia hydaspica is a natural shrub with various pharmacological properties. The current investigation aimed to assess the protective potential of A. hydaspica polyphenol rich ethyl acetate extract (AHE) against cisplatin (CP) induced pulmonary toxicity. Methods Rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 served as control (saline); Group 2 (drug control) recieved single dose of CP (7.5 mg/kg i.p.) on 1st day; Group 3 (extract control) (400 mg/kg bw, p.o.) received AHE for one week; Group 4 (Post-treated) and Group 5 (pretreated) received AHE (400 mg/kg bw/day, p.o) for 7 days after and before CP (7.5 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) respectively; Group 6 (Standard control) received silymarin (100 mg/kg b.w/7 days) before CP. At the end of dosing rats were sacrificed and pulmonary tissue samples were processed for the evaluation of antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress markers, genotoxicity and histopathological alterations. Results CP caused body weights loss and increase pulmonary tissue weight. The CP significantly increases oxidative stress markers and decreases tissue antioxidant enzyme levels. Furthermore, CP induced deleterious changes in the microanatomy of pulmonary tissue by rupturing the alveolar septa, thickening of alveolar walls, and injuring the cells with subsequent collapse of blood vessels. AHE pretreatment returned MDA, NO, H2O2 production and improved tissue antioxidant enzyme levels to near normalcy. The histological observations evidenced that AHE effectively rescues the lungs from CP-mediated oxidative damage. CP induction in rats also caused DNA fragmentation which was restored by AHE treatment. Our results suggest that pretreatment more significantly improve CP induced deleterious effects compared with post treatment indicating protective effect. Potency of AHE pretreatment is similar to silymarin. Conclusion These findings demonstrated that A. hydaspica AHE extract might serve as potential adjuvant that prevents CP persuaded pulmonary toxicity due to its intrinsic antioxidant potential and polyphenolic constituents.
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30
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Chen X, Wang J, Fu Z, Zhu B, Wang J, Guan S, Hua Z. Curcumin activates DNA repair pathway in bone marrow to improve carboplatin-induced myelosuppression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17724. [PMID: 29255221 PMCID: PMC5735145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboplatin, a second-generation platinum agent, has been used as a cancer therapy for decades and exhibits strong anti-tumor activity. However, the wide application of carboplatin is largely limited due to its side effects, especially myelosuppression. Here, we combined carboplatin with curcumin, a natural product that improves tumor-induced anemia, for the treatment of fibrosarcoma to improve the side effects of carboplatin. We first examined the synergistic and attenuated effects of the two agents in a T241-bearing mouse model. The combination therapy caused no obvious synergistic effect, but curcumin significantly improved the survival rate of carboplatin-treated mice. Histologic analysis of the kidney and bone marrow revealed that curcumin improved carboplatin-induced myelosuppression but did not affect the kidney. To determine the mechanism involved, we introduced a probe derived from curcumin to identify its targets in bone marrow cells and the results provided us a clue that curcumin might affect the DNA repair pathway. Western blot analysis revealed that curcumin up-regulated BRCA1, BRCA2 and ERCC1 expression in bone marrow. In conclusion, curcumin attenuates carboplatin-induced myelosuppression by activating the DNA repair pathway in bone marrow cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhongping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shengwen Guan
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zichun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou, 213164, China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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31
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Cheun Y, Koag MC, Naguib YW, Ouzon-Shubeita H, Cui Z, Pakotiprapha D, Lee S. Synthesis, structure, and biological evaluation of a platinum-carbazole conjugate. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017. [PMID: 28649747 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin resistance is caused, in part, by the efficient removal of the helix-distorting cisplatin 1,2-intrastrand cross-links by nucleotide excision repair (NER) machinery. To make a platinum-DNA adduct that causes less helical distortion than the cisplatin 1,2-intrastrand adduct, we designed and synthesized a monofunctional platinum-carbazole conjugate (carbazoplatin). The 2.5 Å crystal structure of carbazoplatin-DNA adduct revealed both the monoplatination of the N7 of a guanine (G) base and the intercalation into two G:C base pairs, while causing a minor distortion of the DNA helix. A 50-mer dsDNA containing a single carbazoplatin lesion was poorly processed by UvrABC endonuclease, the prokaryotic NER machinery that detects helical distortion and performs dual incision around the lesion. Our cell viability assay indicated that the cytotoxic pathways of carbazoplatin might be different from those of cisplatin; carbazoplatin was 5-8 times more cytotoxic than cisplatin against PANC-1 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Cheun
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Myong-Chul Koag
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Youssef W Naguib
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hala Ouzon-Shubeita
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Danaya Pakotiprapha
- Department of Biochemistry and Center of Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Seongmin Lee
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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32
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Brem R, Guven M, Karran P. Oxidatively-generated damage to DNA and proteins mediated by photosensitized UVA. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:101-109. [PMID: 27989755 PMCID: PMC5462485 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UVA accounts for about 95% of the solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation that reaches Earth and most likely contributes to human skin cancer risk. In contrast to UVB, which comprises the remaining 5% and is absorbed by DNA nucleobases to cause direct photodamage, UVA damages DNA indirectly. It does this largely through its interactions with cellular chromophores that act as photosensitisers to generate reactive oxygen species. Exogenously supplied chemicals, including some widely-prescribed medicines, may also act as photosensitisers and these drugs are associated with an increased risk of sun-related cancer. Because they amplify the effects of UVA on cells, they provide a means to investigate the mechanisms and effects of UVA-induced photodamage. Here, we describe some of the major lesions induced by two groups of UVA photosensitisers, the DNA thionucleotides and the fluoroquinolone antibiotics. In thionucleotides, replacement of the oxygen atoms of canonical nucleobases by sulfur converts them into strong UVA chromophores that can be incorporated into DNA. The fluoroquinolones are also UVA chromophores. They are not incorporated into DNA and induce a different range of DNA damages. We also draw attention to the potentially important contribution of photochemical protein damage to the cellular effects of photosensitised UVA. Proteins targeted for oxidation damage include DNA repair factors and we suggest that UVA-mediated protein damage may contribute to sunlight-induced cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reto Brem
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1, Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Melisa Guven
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1, Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Peter Karran
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1, Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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33
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Lee RFS, Chernobrovkin A, Rutishauser D, Allardyce CS, Hacker D, Johnsson K, Zubarev RA, Dyson PJ. Expression proteomics study to determine metallodrug targets and optimal drug combinations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1590. [PMID: 28484215 PMCID: PMC5431558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging technique termed functional identification of target by expression proteomics (FITExP) has been shown to identify the key protein targets of anti-cancer drugs. Here, we use this approach to elucidate the proteins involved in the mechanism of action of two ruthenium(II)-based anti-cancer compounds, RAPTA-T and RAPTA-EA in breast cancer cells, revealing significant differences in the proteins upregulated. RAPTA-T causes upregulation of multiple proteins suggesting a broad mechanism of action involving suppression of both metastasis and tumorigenicity. RAPTA-EA bearing a GST inhibiting ethacrynic acid moiety, causes upregulation of mainly oxidative stress related proteins. The approach used in this work could be applied to the prediction of effective drug combinations to test in cancer chemotherapy clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald F S Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Chernobrovkin
- Karolinska Institute, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Scheeles väg 2, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dorothea Rutishauser
- Karolinska Institute, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Scheeles väg 2, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claire S Allardyce
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Hacker
- Protein Expression Core Facility, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kai Johnsson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Karolinska Institute, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Scheeles väg 2, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Common Chemical Inductors of Replication Stress: Focus on Cell-Based Studies. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7010019. [PMID: 28230817 PMCID: PMC5372731 DOI: 10.3390/biom7010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is a highly demanding process regarding the energy and material supply and must be precisely regulated, involving multiple cellular feedbacks. The slowing down or stalling of DNA synthesis and/or replication forks is referred to as replication stress (RS). Owing to the complexity and requirements of replication, a plethora of factors may interfere and challenge the genome stability, cell survival or affect the whole organism. This review outlines chemical compounds that are known inducers of RS and commonly used in laboratory research. These compounds act on replication by direct interaction with DNA causing DNA crosslinks and bulky lesions (cisplatin), chemical interference with the metabolism of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (hydroxyurea), direct inhibition of the activity of replicative DNA polymerases (aphidicolin) and interference with enzymes dealing with topological DNA stress (camptothecin, etoposide). As a variety of mechanisms can induce RS, the responses of mammalian cells also vary. Here, we review the activity and mechanism of action of these compounds based on recent knowledge, accompanied by examples of induced phenotypes, cellular readouts and commonly used doses.
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Adam J, Sourisseau T, Olaussen KA, Robin A, Zhu CQ, Templier A, Civet A, Girard P, Lazar V, Validire P, Tsao MS, Soria JC, Besse B. MMS19 as a potential predictive marker of adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in resected non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Biomark 2017; 17:323-333. [PMID: 27802208 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment options most often consist of surgical resection along with adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). The benefit of ACT however is modest and is accompanied by important side effects. OBJECTIVE One central quest in the field is therefore the identification of a predictive marker of the response to ACT. METHODS We applied an unbiased approach based on high content analysis of expression data generated from a discovery patient cohort. RESULTS We identified MMS19, a component of the cytoplasmic Iron-Sulfur Assembly (CIA) machinery important for the Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) pathway as a pivotal gene for cisplatin toxicity. We then confirmed the association between MMS19 expression and the response to Cisplatin treatment in a panel of NSCLC cell lines. Finally we validated these pre-clinical data in a subgroup of JBR.10 trial patients through a hypothesis-driven analysis, and showed that MMS19 levels associated with ACT benefit. CONCLUSIONS We therefore propose the expression level of MMS19 as a candidate predictive marker of ACT benefit in resected NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Adam
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S981, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, DHU TORINO, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, U981, Villejuif, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S981, Villejuif, France
| | - Tony Sourisseau
- Gustave Roussy, DHU TORINO, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, U981, Villejuif, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S981, Villejuif, France
| | - Ken A Olaussen
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S981, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, DHU TORINO, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, U981, Villejuif, France
| | - Angélique Robin
- Gustave Roussy, DHU TORINO, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, U981, Villejuif, France
| | - Chang Q Zhu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Philippe Girard
- Département Thoracique, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | | | - Pierre Validire
- Département Thoracique, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France.,Département d'Anatomie Pathologique, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Ming S Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Charles Soria
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S981, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, DHU TORINO, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, U981, Villejuif, France
| | - Benjamin Besse
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S981, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, DHU TORINO, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, U981, Villejuif, France
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Repair shielding of platinum-DNA lesions in testicular germ cell tumors by high-mobility group box protein 4 imparts cisplatin hypersensitivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:950-955. [PMID: 28096358 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1615327114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is the most commonly used anticancer drug for the treatment of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). The hypersensitivity of TGCTs to cisplatin is a subject of widespread interest. Here, we show that high-mobility group box protein 4 (HMGB4), a protein preferentially expressed in testes, uniquely blocks excision repair of cisplatin-DNA adducts, 1,2-intrastrand cross-links, to potentiate the sensitivity of TGCTs to cisplatin therapy. We used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing to knockout the HMGB4 gene in a testicular human embryonic carcinoma and examined cellular responses. We find that loss of HMGB4 elicits resistance to cisplatin as evidenced by cell proliferation and apoptosis assays. We demonstrate that HMGB4 specifically inhibits repair of the major cisplatin-DNA adducts in TGCT cells by using the human TGCT excision repair system. Our findings also reveal characteristic HMGB4-dependent differences in cell cycle progression following cisplatin treatment. Collectively, these data provide convincing evidence that HMGB4 plays a major role in sensitizing TGCTs to cisplatin, consistent with shielding of platinum-DNA adducts from excision repair.
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37
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Loss of CUL4A expression is underlying cisplatin hypersensitivity in colorectal carcinoma cells with acquired trabectedin resistance. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:489-500. [PMID: 28095394 PMCID: PMC5318979 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Platinum-based anticancer compounds still constitute one mainstay of systemic CRC treatment despite limitations due to adverse effects and resistance development. Trabectedin has shown promising antitumor effects in CRC, however, again resistance development may occur. In this study, we aimed to develop strategies to circumvent or even exploit acquired trabectedin resistance in novel CRC treatment regimens. Methods: Human HCT116 CRC cells were selected for acquired trabectedin resistance in vitro and characterised by cell biological as well as bioinformatic approaches. In vivo xenograft experiments were conducted. Results: Selection of HCT116 cells for trabectedin resistance resulted in p53-independent hypersensitivity of the selected subline against cisplatin. Bioinformatic analyses of mRNA microarray data suggested deregulation of nucleotide excision repair and particularly loss of the ubiquitin ligase CUL4A in trabectedin-selected cells. Indeed, transient knockdown of CUL4A sensitised parental HCT116 cells towards cisplatin. Trabectedin selected but not parental HCT116 xenografts were significantly responsive towards cisplatin treatment. Conclusions: Trabectedin selection-mediated CUL4A loss generates an Achilles heel in CRC cancer cells enabling effective cisplatin treatment. Hence, inclusion of trabectedin in cisplatin-containing cancer treatment regimens might cause profound synergism based on reciprocal resistance prevention.
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Shenoy N, Dronca R, Quevedo F, Boorjian SA, Cheville J, Costello B, Kohli M, Witzig T, Pagliaro L. Low hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression in testicular germ cell tumors - a major reason for enhanced chemosensitivity? Chin J Cancer Res 2017; 29:374-378. [PMID: 28947870 PMCID: PMC5592826 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2017.04.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis for enhanced chemosensitivity of testicular germ cell tumors (GCT) has been an area of great interest, as it could potentially give us therapeutic leads in other resistant malignancies. Thus far, however, the increased sensitivity of GCT has been variously attributed to multiple factors — an inability to detoxify cisplatin, a lack of export pumps, an inability to repair the DNA damage, an intact apoptotic cascade and lack of p53 mutation; but a unifying underlying etiology leading to the aforementioned processes and having a translational implication has so far been elusive. Herein, we offer evidence to support a potential significant role for the previously demonstrated low hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression in mediating the general exquisite chemosensitivity of testicular GCT, through the aforementioned processes. This molecular mechanism based hypothesis could have a significant translational implication in platinum refractory GCT as well as other platinum resistant malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Shenoy
- Division of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Roxana Dronca
- Division of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | - John Cheville
- Division of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Brian Costello
- Division of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Manish Kohli
- Division of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Thomas Witzig
- Division of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lance Pagliaro
- Division of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Stover EH, Konstantinopoulos PA, Matulonis UA, Swisher EM. Biomarkers of Response and Resistance to DNA Repair Targeted Therapies. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5651-5660. [PMID: 27678458 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drugs targeting DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways are exciting new agents in cancer therapy. Many of these drugs exhibit synthetic lethality with defects in DNA repair in cancer cells. For example, ovarian cancers with impaired homologous recombination DNA repair show increased sensitivity to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Understanding the activity of different DNA repair pathways in individual tumors, and the correlations between DNA repair function and drug response, will be critical to patient selection for DNA repair targeted agents. Genomic and functional assays of DNA repair pathway activity are being investigated as potential biomarkers of response to targeted therapies. Furthermore, alterations in DNA repair function generate resistance to DNA repair targeted agents, and DNA repair states may predict intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. In this review, we provide an overview of DNA repair targeted agents currently in clinical trials and the emerging biomarkers of response and resistance to these agents: genetic and genomic analysis of DDR pathways, genomic signatures of mutational processes, expression of DNA repair proteins, and functional assays for DNA repair capacity. We review biomarkers that may predict response to selected DNA repair targeted agents, including PARP inhibitors, inhibitors of the DNA damage sensors ATM and ATR, and inhibitors of nonhomologous end joining. Finally, we introduce emerging categories of drugs targeting DDR and new strategies for integrating DNA repair targeted therapies into clinical practice, including combination regimens. Generating and validating robust biomarkers will optimize the efficacy of DNA repair targeted therapies and maximize their impact on cancer treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5651-60. ©2016 AACR.
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Abstract
Solar UVB is carcinogenic. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) counteracts the carcinogenicity of UVB by excising potentially mutagenic UVB-induced DNA lesions. Despite this capacity for DNA repair, non-melanoma skin cancers and apparently normal sun-exposed skin contain huge numbers of mutations that are mostly attributable to unrepaired UVB-induced DNA lesions. UVA is about 20-times more abundant than UVB in incident sunlight. It does cause some DNA damage but this does not fully account for its biological impact. The effects of solar UVA are mediated by its interactions with cellular photosensitizers that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce oxidative stress. The proteome is a significant target for damage by UVA-induced ROS. In cultured human cells, UVA-induced oxidation of DNA repair proteins inhibits DNA repair. This article addresses the possible role of oxidative stress and protein oxidation in determining DNA repair efficiency - with particular reference to NER and skin cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Karran
- Francis Crick Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratory, South Mimms, Herts. EN6 3LD, UK.
| | - Reto Brem
- Francis Crick Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratory, South Mimms, Herts. EN6 3LD, UK
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41
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McAdam E, Brem R, Karran P. Oxidative Stress-Induced Protein Damage Inhibits DNA Repair and Determines Mutation Risk and Therapeutic Efficacy. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:612-22. [PMID: 27106867 PMCID: PMC4955916 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The relationship between sun exposure and nonmelanoma skin cancer risk is well established. Solar UV (wavelength 280-400 nm) is firmly implicated in skin cancer development. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) protects against cancer by removing potentially mutagenic DNA lesions induced by UVB (280-320 nm). How the 20-fold more abundant UVA (320-400 nm) component of solar UV radiation increases skin cancer risk is not understood. Here it is demonstrated that the contribution of UVA to the effect of UV radiation on cultured human cells is largely independent of its ability to damage DNA. Instead, the effects of UVA reflect the induction of oxidative stress that causes extensive protein oxidation. Because NER proteins are among those damaged, UVA irradiation inhibits NER and increases the susceptibility of the cells to mutation by UVB. NER inhibition is a common consequence of oxidative stress. Exposure to chemical oxidants, treatment with drugs that deplete cellular antioxidants, and interventions that interfere with glucose metabolism to disrupt the supply of cellular reducing power all inhibit NER. Tumor cells are often in a condition of oxidative stress and one effect of the NER inhibition that results from stress-induced protein oxidation is an increased sensitivity to the anticancer drug cisplatin. IMPLICATIONS As NER is both a defense against cancer and a significant determinant of cell survival after treatment with anticancer drugs, its attenuation by protein damage under conditions of oxidative stress has implications for both cancer risk and for the effectiveness of anticancer therapy. Mol Cancer Res; 14(7); 612-22. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth McAdam
- The Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratory, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Reto Brem
- The Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratory, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Karran
- The Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratory, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
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Huang Y, Wang X, Niu X, Wang X, Jiang R, Xu T, Liu Y, Liang L, Ou X, Xing X, Li W, Hu C. EZH2 suppresses the nucleotide excision repair in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by silencing XPA gene. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:447-463. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai China
| | - Xuanyi Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine; School of Medicine; Yangzhou University; Yangzhou China
| | - Xiaoshuang Niu
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai China
| | - Xiaoshen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai China
| | - Liping Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai China
| | - Xiaomin Ou
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai China
| | - Xing Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai China
| | - Chaosu Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai China
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43
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Zhu H, Luo H, Zhang W, Shen Z, Hu X, Zhu X. Molecular mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:1885-95. [PMID: 27354763 PMCID: PMC4907638 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s106412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with advanced or recurrent cervical cancer have poor prognosis, and their 1-year survival is only 10%–20%. Chemotherapy is considered as the standard treatment for patients with advanced or recurrent cervical cancer, and cisplatin appears to treat the disease effectively. However, resistance to cisplatin may develop, thus substantially compromising the efficacy of cisplatin to treat advanced or recurrent cervical cancer. In this article, we systematically review the recent literature and summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojun Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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Sears CR, Cooney SA, Chin-Sinex H, Mendonca MS, Turchi JJ. DNA damage response (DDR) pathway engagement in cisplatin radiosensitization of non-small cell lung cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2016; 40:35-46. [PMID: 26991853 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are commonly treated with a platinum-based chemotherapy such as cisplatin (CDDP) in combination with ionizing radiation (IR). Although clinical trials have demonstrated that the combination of CDDP and IR appear to be synergistic in terms of therapeutic efficacy, the mechanism of synergism remains largely uncharacterized. We investigated the role of the DNA damage response (DDR) in CDDP radiosensitization using two NSCLC cell lines. Using clonogenic survival assays, we determined that the cooperative cytotoxicity of CDDP and IR treatment is sequence dependent, requiring administration of CDDP prior to IR (CDDP-IR). We identified and interrogated the unique time and agent-dependent activation of the DDR in NSCLC cells treated with cisplatin-IR combination therapy. Compared to treatment with CDDP or IR alone, CDDP-IR combination treatment led to persistence of γH2Ax foci, a marker of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), for up to 24h after treatment. Interestingly, pharmacologic inhibition of DDR sensor kinases revealed the persistence of γ-H2Ax foci in CDDP-IR treated cells is independent of kinase activation. Taken together, our data suggest that delayed repair of DSBs in NSCLC cells treated with CDDP-IR contributes to CDDP radiosensitization and that alterations of the DDR pathways by inhibition of specific DDR kinases can augment CDDP-IR cytotoxicity by a complementary mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Sears
- Departments of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Sean A Cooney
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Helen Chin-Sinex
- Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Marc S Mendonca
- Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States; Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States
| | - John J Turchi
- Departments of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States
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Gentile F, Tuszynski JA, Barakat KH. New design of nucleotide excision repair (NER) inhibitors for combination cancer therapy. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 65:71-82. [PMID: 26939044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Many cancer chemotherapy agents act by targeting the DNA of cancer cells, causing substantial damage within their genome and causing them to undergo apoptosis. An effective DNA repair pathway in cancer cells can act in a reverse way by removing these drug-induced DNA lesions, allowing cancer cells to survive, grow and proliferate. In this context, DNA repair inhibitors opened a new avenue in cancer treatment, by blocking the DNA repair mechanisms from removing the chemotherapy-mediated DNA damage. In particular, the nucleotide excision repair (NER) involves more than thirty protein-protein interactions and removes DNA adducts caused by platinum-based chemotherapy. The excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1)-xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group A (XPA) protein (XPA-ERCC1) complex seems to be one of the most promising targets in this pathway. ERCC1 is over expressed in cancer cells and the only known cellular function so far for XPA is to recruit ERCC1 to the damaged point. Here, we build upon our recent advances in identifying inhibitors for this interaction and continue our efforts to rationally design more effective and potent regulators for the NER pathway. We employed in silico drug design techniques to: (1) identify compounds similar to the recently discovered inhibitors, but more effective at inhibiting the XPA-ERCC1 interactions, and (2) identify different scaffolds to develop novel lead compounds. Two known inhibitor structures have been used as starting points for two ligand/structure-hybrid virtual screening approaches. The findings described here form a milestone in discovering novel inhibitors for the NER pathway aiming at improving the efficacy of current platinum-based therapy, by modulating the XPA-ERCC1 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack A Tuszynski
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Khaled H Barakat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Yauk CL, Lambert IB, Meek MEB, Douglas GR, Marchetti F. Development of the adverse outcome pathway "alkylation of DNA in male premeiotic germ cells leading to heritable mutations" using the OECD's users' handbook supplement. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:724-750. [PMID: 26010389 DOI: 10.1002/em.21954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development's (OECD) Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) programme aims to develop a knowledgebase of all known pathways of toxicity that lead to adverse effects in humans and ecosystems. A Users' Handbook was recently released to provide supplementary guidance on AOP development. This article describes one AOP-alkylation of DNA in male premeiotic germ cells leading to heritable mutations. This outcome is an important regulatory endpoint. The AOP describes the biological plausibility and empirical evidence supporting that compounds capable of alkylating DNA cause germ cell mutations and subsequent mutations in the offspring of exposed males. Alkyl adducts are subject to DNA repair; however, at high doses the repair machinery becomes saturated. Lack of repair leads to replication of alkylated DNA and ensuing mutations in male premeiotic germ cells. Mutations that do not impair spermatogenesis persist and eventually are present in mature sperm. Thus, the mutations are transmitted to the offspring. Although there are some gaps in empirical support and evidence for essentiality of the key events for certain aspects of this AOP, the overall AOP is generally accepted as dogma and applies broadly to any species that produces sperm. The AOP was developed and used in an iterative process to test and refine the Users' Handbook, and is one of the first publicly available AOPs. It is our hope that this AOP will be leveraged to develop other AOPs in this field to advance method development, computational models to predict germ cell effects, and integrated testing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iain B Lambert
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M E Bette Meek
- R. Samuel McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - George R Douglas
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francesco Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Zhou J, Li J, Ding X, Liu J, Luo Z, Liu Y, Ran Q, Cai K. Multifunctional Fe2O3@PPy-PEG nanocomposite for combination cancer therapy with MR imaging. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:425101. [PMID: 26422003 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/42/425101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, magnetic hyperthermia nanoparticles have drawn great attention for cancer therapy because they have no limitation of tissue penetration during the therapy process. In this study, cubic nanoporous Fe2O3 nanoparticles derived from cubic Prussian blue nanoparticles were used as magnetic cores to generate heat by alternating the current magnetic field (AMF) for killing cancer cells. In addition, polypyrrole (PPy) was coated on the surfaces of the cubic Fe2O3 nanoparticles to load doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). The PEG component was then physically adsorbed onto the surfaces of the nanoparticles, resulting in a Fe2O3@PPy-DOX-PEG nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was triggered by acid stimulus and AMF to release DOX, resulting in a remarkable combination therapeutic effect via chemotherapy and magnetic hyperthermia. Furthermore, the nanocomposite could realize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to the magnetic core structure. The study provides an alternative for the development of new nanocomposites for combination cancer therapy with MR imaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
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Madhu P, Reddy KP, Reddy PS. Role of melatonin in mitigating chemotherapy-induced testicular dysfunction in Wistar rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2015; 39:137-46. [PMID: 26072956 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2015.1055359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Testicular cancer is the most common cancer affecting men of reproductive age, and its incidence is increasing steadily. A regimen of cisplatin (P), vinblastin (V) and bleomycin (B) (PVB) is the standard chemotherapy for testicular cancer. Though PVB-based chemotherapy has been widely used against germ cell tumors, it is associated with induction of oxidative toxicity and a transient or permanent loss of fertility. However, the mechanism of action of PVB on the testis is not thoroughly elucidated. Using a rat model, we investigated the persistence of the effects of PVB on steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis and testicular oxidative status and architecture. Further, we have also studied whether administration of melatonin has any protective effect on testicular physiology in the PVB-treated rats, since melatonin exerts influence on the antioxidant defense system. The body weight of the PVB-treated rats did not show significant change as compared with the control group. Significant decrease in the weight of the testis was observed with a reduction in volume in the PVB-treated rats. Administration of PVB caused a reduction in the testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. The circulatory levels of testosterone were also significantly reduced with an elevation of FSH and LH in the PVB-treated rats. Testicular architecture was severely affected with a reduction in seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelial height. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were decreased while the levels of lipid peroxidation increased significantly in the testis of the PVB-treated rats indicating depletion of antioxidant defence system and elevation of oxidative stress. Co-administration of melatonin mitigated these changes in the PVB-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Madhu
- a Department of Biotechnology and.,b Department of Zoology , Sri Venkateswara University , Tirupati , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - K Pratap Reddy
- a Department of Biotechnology and.,b Department of Zoology , Sri Venkateswara University , Tirupati , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - P Sreenivasula Reddy
- b Department of Zoology , Sri Venkateswara University , Tirupati , Andhra Pradesh , India
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Takahata C, Masuda Y, Takedachi A, Tanaka K, Iwai S, Kuraoka I. Repair synthesis step involving ERCC1-XPF participates in DNA repair of the Top1-DNA damage complex. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:841-51. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Torgovnick A, Schumacher B. DNA repair mechanisms in cancer development and therapy. Front Genet 2015; 6:157. [PMID: 25954303 PMCID: PMC4407582 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage has been long recognized as causal factor for cancer development. When erroneous DNA repair leads to mutations or chromosomal aberrations affecting oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, cells undergo malignant transformation resulting in cancerous growth. Genetic defects can predispose to cancer: mutations in distinct DNA repair systems elevate the susceptibility to various cancer types. However, DNA damage not only comprises a root cause for cancer development but also continues to provide an important avenue for chemo- and radiotherapy. Since the beginning of cancer therapy, genotoxic agents that trigger DNA damage checkpoints have been applied to halt the growth and trigger the apoptotic demise of cancer cells. We provide an overview about the involvement of DNA repair systems in cancer prevention and the classes of genotoxins that are commonly used for the treatment of cancer. A better understanding of the roles and interactions of the highly complex DNA repair machineries will lead to important improvements in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Torgovnick
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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