1
|
Zhang P, Liu ZY, Yu D, Xu CX, Hu Y, Liang YP, Jin J, Li M. Microplitis bicoloratus parasitism promotes cyclophilin D-p53 interaction to induce apoptosis of hemocytes in Spodoptera litura. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 112:e21970. [PMID: 36200410 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplitis bicoloratus parasitism can induce apoptosis of hemocytes in the M. bicolortus host, Spodoptera litura. However, it is unclear how M. bicolortus parasitism regulates host signaling pathways to induce apoptosis. Expression of cyclophilin D (CypD) and p53 was significantly upregulated in S. litura hemocytes at 6 days postparasitization. In the parasitized hemocytes, there was mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm ) loss, cytochrome c (Cyt C) release from mitochondria, and caspase-3 activation. These occurred while hemocytes were undergoing upregulation of CypD and p53. Parasitism also promoted the interaction between CypD and p53. CypD silencing could rescue the apoptotic phenotypes induced by parasitism, but had no effect on apoptosis in unparasitized S. litura. These findings suggest that the CypD-p53 pathway may be an important component of the parasitism-induced immunosuppressive response and establish a basis for further studies of parasitoid/host interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zi-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Center of Molecular Biology of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Cui-Xian Xu
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- School of Health, Yunnan Technology and Business University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ya-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Jin
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Immaturin-Nuclease as a Model System for a Gene-Programmed Sexual Development and Rejuvenescence in Paramecium Life History. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010082. [PMID: 36677375 PMCID: PMC9865852 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilization-initiated development and adult-onset aging are standard features in the life history of eukaryotes. In Paramecium, the number of cell divisions after the birth of a new generation is an essential parameter of sexual phase transition and aging. However, the gene driving this process and its evolutionary origin have not yet been elucidated. Here we report several critical outcomes obtained by molecular genetics, immunofluorescence microscopy, transformation by microinjection, and enzymological analysis. The cloned immaturin gene induces sexual rejuvenation in both mature and senescent cells by microinjection. The immaturin gene originated from proteobacteria's glutathione-S-transferase (GST) gene. However, immaturin has been shown to lose GST activity and instead acquire nuclease activity. In vitro substrates for immaturin-nuclease are single- and double-stranded DNA, linear and circular DNA, and single-stranded viral genome RNA such as coronavirus. Anti-immaturin antibodies have shown that the subcellular localizations of immaturin are the macronucleus, cytoplasm, cell surface area, and cilia. The phase transition of sexuality is related to a decrease in the intracellular abundance of immaturin. We propose that sexual maturation and rejuvenation is a process programmed by the immaturin gene, and the sexual function of each age is defined by both the abundance and the intracellular localization mode of the immaturin-nuclease.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zafar MN, Butt AM, Chaudhry GES, Perveen F, Nazar MF, Masood S, Dalebrook AF, Mughal EU, Sumrra SH, Sung YY, Muhammad TST, Wright LJ. Pd(II) complexes with chelating N-(1-alkylpyridin-4(1H)-ylidene)amide (PYA) ligands: Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of anticancer activity. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 224:111590. [PMID: 34507110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The bidentate N-(1-Alkylpyridin-4(1H)-ylidene)amide (PYA) pro-ligands [H2LBn][Cl]2 (2), and [H2LMe][TfO]2 (3) were prepared by simple alkylation reactions of the known compound, N,N-di(pyridin-4-yl)oxalamide (H2L, 1). The Pd(II) complexes, [Pd(LBn)2][Cl]2 (4), [Pd(LMe)2][Cl][TfO] (5), Pd(LBn)Cl2 (6) and Pd(LMe)Cl2 (7) were synthesized through reactions between these pro-ligands and suitable Pd(II) substrates in the presence of base. The molecular structures of 3 and 6 were obtained by single crystal X-ray structure determinations. Studies of the experimental and computational DNA binding interactions of the compounds 1-7 revealed that overall 4 and 6 have the largest values for the binding parameters Kb and ΔGbo. The results showed a good correlation with the steric and electronic parameters obtained by quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) studies. In-vitro cytotoxicity studies against four different cell lines showed that the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, T47D and cervical cancer cell line HeLa had either higher or similar sensitivities towards 4, 6 and 2, respectively, compared to cisplatin. In general, the cytotoxicity of the compounds, represented by IC50 values, decreased in the order 4 > 6 > 2 > 5 > 3 > 1 > 7 in cancer cell lines. Apoptosis contributed significantly to the cytotoxic effects of these anticancer agents as evaluated by apoptosis studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul Mannan Butt
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Gul-E-Saba Chaudhry
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Fouzia Perveen
- RCMS, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faizan Nazar
- Division of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Multan Campus 60700, Pakistan
| | - Sara Masood
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Yeong Yik Sung
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | | | - Leonard James Wright
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vandghanooni S, Rasoulian F, Eskandani M, Akbari Nakhjavani S, Eskandani M. Acriflavine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: preparation, physicochemical characterization, and anti-proliferative properties. Pharm Dev Technol 2021; 26:934-942. [PMID: 34338582 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2021.1963276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Acriflavine (ACF) is an antiseptic compound with the potential antitumor activity which is used for the fluorescent staining of RNA due to its dominant fluorescent emission at ∼515 nm. Here, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) containing ACF (ACF-SLNs) were prepared and their physicochemical properties, potential geno/cytotoxicity, as well as the fluorescent properties were investigated. FITC-annexin V/PI staining and cell cycle assays were carried out to find the type of cellular death caused. Particle size analysis and SEM images revealed that spherical ACF-SLNs had a homogeneous dispersion with a mean diameter of 106 ± 5.7 nm. Drug loading (DL) of 31.25 ± 4.21 mg/mL and high encapsulation efficiency (EE%) (89.75 ± 5.44) were found. ACF-SLNs physically were relatively stable in terms of dispersion, size, and EE. The uptake study demonstrated the potential use of fluorescent ACF-SLNs in bio-distribution studies. MTT assay showed that plain ACF could induce growth inhibition of A549 cells with IC50 of 8.5, 6, and 4.5 μMol after 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively, while ACF-SLNs had stable cytotoxic effects after 48 hours. ACF-SLNs induced remarkable apoptosis and even necrosis after 48 h. Conclusively, ACF-SLNs with acceptable physicochemical features showed increased bioimpacts after 48 h compared to plain ACF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Vandghanooni
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Forough Rasoulian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Eskandani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sattar Akbari Nakhjavani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Eskandani
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rameshbabu S, Messaoudi SA, Alehaideb ZI, Ali MS, Venktraman A, Alajmi H, Al-Eidi H, Matou-Nasri S. Anastatica hierochuntica (L.) methanolic and aqueous extracts exert antiproliferative effects through the induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:985-993. [PMID: 32792843 PMCID: PMC7414070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer therapy using anticancer bioactive compounds derived from natural products as adjuvant treatment has gained recognition due to expensive and toxic conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. The whole plant of Anastatica hierochuntica (L.) (A. hierochuntica) has been investigated for its pharmacologically important anticancer properties but without categorizing the biological activities of the plant parts. We assessed the anticancer potential of different parts of A. hierochuntica (seeds, stems and leaves) and explored their mechanisms of action using the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. Currently, we investigated the antiproliferative effects of methanolic (MSD, MST, ML) and aqueous (ASD, AST, AL) extracts of A. hierochuntica plant parts on the MCF-7 cells using cell viability assays. Flow cytometry, Western Blot, DNA fragmentation, and gene expression assays were performed to evaluate apoptosis and cell cycle regulatory proteins. The results indicate that the methanolic and aqueous extracts decreased MCF-7 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. The induction of apoptosis was observed in all the methanolic and aqueous-treated MCF-7 cells. The cell death process was confirmed by the visualization of DNA fragmentation and cleavage of the intrinsic apoptotic pathways, caspase-9 and caspase-3, the key enzyme causing apoptosis hallmarks. In addition, the most pro-apoptotic extracts, ASD and ML, up-regulated the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax, tumor suppressor TP53 genes and the cyclin inhibitor CDKN1A gene. In conclusion, of the aqueous and methanolic extracts of A. hierochuntica plant parts exerting antiproliferative effects through the induction of apoptosis in breast cancer MCF-7 cells, ASD and ML extracts were the most promising natural-based drugs for the treatment of breast cancer.
Collapse
Key Words
- AL, aqueous extract of A. hierochuntica’s leaf
- ASD, aqueous extract of A. hierochuntica’s seed
- AST, aqueous extract of A. hierochuntica’s stem
- Anastatica hierochuntica
- Apoptosis
- BC, breast cancer
- Breast cancer
- CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase
- Cell cycle
- MCF-7, Michigan Cancer Foundation-7
- ML, methanolic extract of A. hierochuntica’s leaf
- MSD, methanolic extract of A. hierochuntica’s seed
- MST, methanolic extract of A. hierochuntica’s stem
- NP40, Nonidet P-40
- Natural products
- P53
- STS, Staurosporine
- TP53, tumor protein p53
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Rameshbabu
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Sathak College of Arts and Science, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Safia A. Messaoudi
- Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeyad Ibrahim Alehaideb
- Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Syed Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohamed Sathak College of Arts and Science, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anuradha Venktraman
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Sathak College of Arts and Science, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hala Alajmi
- Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Al-Eidi
- Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabine Matou-Nasri
- Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sathiyanarayanan V, Prasath PV, Sekhar PC, Ravichandran K, Easwaramoorthy D, Mohammad F, Al-Lohedan HA, Oh WC, Sagadevan S. Docking and in vitro molecular biology studies of p-anisidine-appended 1-hydroxy-2-acetonapthanone Schiff base lanthanum(iii) complexes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:16457-16472. [PMID: 35692617 PMCID: PMC9122577 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01936d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of lanthanum(iii) complexes was synthesized using a p-anisidine-appended 1-hydroxy-2-acetonapthanone (3) Schiff base and characterized via spectroscopic methods. The ligand was synthesized via sonication and the crystalline product was characterized using X-ray crystallography. The genotoxicity of the compound was assessed primarily by the bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test and the in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test; in both cases, the samarium complex 5 was found to be non-mutagenic. The anti-tumor activity of complexes 4, 5, and 6 was assayed against HeLa tumor cells and screened using the MTT assay. The IC50 value of complex 5 was found to be 34 ± 1.2 μg mL-1 and this compound exhibited superior activity towards the cells compared to 4 and 6. These results were further confirmed by Hoechst 33258 staining and AO/EI dual staining, which indicated that the cells underwent an apoptosis mechanism in a dose-dependent manner. The apoptosis was further confirmed by the formation of ladders in the DNA fragmentation assay, and the western blot analysis of complex 5 suggested that the cells underwent the caspase-3-dependent pathway with PARP cleavage. Furthermore, the docking studies of complex 5 with HSA showed that it was situated in a hydrophilic cavity held by the electrostatic attraction of four hydrogen-bonding interactions. PDB ID:1BNA binds with complex 5via strong π-π stacking interactions, which facilitate binding with the major grooves of DNA strands. The above-mentioned results illustrate that for complex 5, mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis occurs via caspase-3 activation. Complex 5 binds with DNA via intercalation because of S-phase cell cycle arrest in the HeLa cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Sathiyanarayanan
- Department of Chemistry, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology Vandalur Chennai 600048 Tamilnadu India .,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Vanta Bioscience Limited, SIPCOT Industrial Complex Gummidipundi Tamilnadu - 601201 India
| | - P Varun Prasath
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Madras University Guindy Chennai 600 025 Tamil Nadu India
| | - P Chandra Sekhar
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, Palamur Biosciences Pvt Ltd Mahabubnagar 509002 Telangana India.,School of Life Sciences, Manipal University Manipal 576104 Karnataka India
| | - K Ravichandran
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Madras University Guindy Chennai 600 025 Tamil Nadu India
| | - D Easwaramoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology Vandalur Chennai 600048 Tamilnadu India
| | - Faruq Mohammad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P. O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad A Al-Lohedan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P. O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Won Chun Oh
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Hanseo University Seosan-si Chungnam 356-706 Korea
| | - Suresh Sagadevan
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Porfírio‐Dias CL, Melo KM, Bastos CEMC, Ferreira TAA, Azevedo LFC, Salgado HL, Santos AS, Rissino JD, Nagamachi CY, Pieczarka JC. Andiroba oil (Carapa guianensisAubl) shows cytotoxicity but no mutagenicity in the ACPP02 gastric cancer cell line. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1060-1066. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara L. Porfírio‐Dias
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da BiodiversidadeInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Karina M. Melo
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da BiodiversidadeInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Carlos E. M. C. Bastos
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da BiodiversidadeInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Tássia A. A. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da BiodiversidadeInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Luana F. C. Azevedo
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da BiodiversidadeInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Hugo L. Salgado
- Laboratório de Investigação Sistemática em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade MolecularInstituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Alberdan S. Santos
- Laboratório de Investigação Sistemática em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade MolecularInstituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Jorge D. Rissino
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da BiodiversidadeInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Cleusa Y. Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da BiodiversidadeInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Julio C. Pieczarka
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da BiodiversidadeInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rok J, Karkoszka M, Rzepka Z, Respondek M, Banach K, Beberok A, Wrześniok D. Cytotoxic and proapoptotic effect of doxycycline - An in vitro study on the human skin melanoma cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104790. [PMID: 32044399 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Doxycycline is a semisynthetic, second generation tetracycline. Currently, it is used, among others, in the treatment of acne and skin infections. Moreover, doxycycline has many valuable nonantibiotic properties, including anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and anticancer effects. Recent studies showed that the drug had the ability to inhibit the adhesion and migration of cancer cells, as well as affected their growth and proliferation and induced apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the antimelanoma effect of doxycycline. The obtained results demonstrated that doxycycline decreased the viability and inhibited the proliferation of human melanoma cells, proportionally to the drug concentration and the treatment time. It was stated that doxycycline disturbed the homeostasis of the cells by lowering intracellular level of reduced thiols. In addition, the treatment changed the cell cycle profile and triggered the DNA fragmentation. Mitochondria of melanoma cells exposed to the drug had lowered membrane potential, which indicated cells apoptosis. Finally, doxycycline induced the externalization phosphatidylserine - a well-known hallmark of apoptosis, confirmed by results of annexin V test. The presented study contributes to the increase of knowledge about nonantibacterial action of doxycycline, including the influence on human cancer cells and indicates new potential possibility of effective treatment of malignant melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Rok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Marta Karkoszka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Rzepka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Michalina Respondek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Klaudia Banach
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Artur Beberok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Dorota Wrześniok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Samidurai D, Pandurangan AK, Krishnamoorthi SK, Perumal MK, Nanjian R. Sinensetin isolated from Orthosiphon aristatus inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
10
|
Al-Gubory KH. Shedding light on fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy: Applications in biomedical imaging and therapies. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900146. [PMID: 31343844 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Discoveries of major importance in life sciences and preclinical research are linked to the invention of microscopes that enable imaging of cells and their microstructures. Imaging technologies involving in vivo procedures using fluorescent dyes that permit labelling of cells have been developed over the last two decades. Fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy (FCFM) is an imaging technology equipped with fiber-optic probes to deliver light to organs and tissues of live animals. This enables not only in vivo detection of fluorescent signals and visualization of cells, but also the study of dynamic processes, such cell proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis, under physiological and pathological conditions. This will allow the diagnosis of diseased organs and tissues and the evaluation of the efficacy of new therapies in animal models of human diseases. The aim of this report is to shed light on FCFM and its potential medical applications and discusses some factors that compromise the reliability and reproducibility of monitoring biological processes by FCFM. This report also highlights the issues concerning animal experimentation and welfare, and the contributions of FCFM to the 3Rs principals, replacement, reduction and refinement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaïs H Al-Gubory
- National Institute for Agricultural Research, Department of Animal Physiology, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ramadoss DP, Sivalingam N. Vanillin extracted from Proso and Barnyard millets induce apoptotic cell death in HT-29 human colon cancer cell line. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:1422-1437. [PMID: 31604383 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1672763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we hypothesized that the active compound extracted from Proso and Barnyard millets inhibits cell proliferation and apoptosis induction in colon cancer cell line. The bioactive compounds from these millets were purified by supercritical fluid extraction and their structure was elucidated using spectroscopic methods. Extracted bioactive components from these millets were similar in chemical structure to the phenolic aldehyde-Vanillin [4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde]. Cell proliferative effect was assessed by MTT assay using HT-29 cell line. Compound 1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cells when treated with concentrations of 250 µg/ml and 1,000 µg/ml for 48 h, while compound 2 moderately inhibited the proliferation of the HT-29 cell line at the same concentration and time period. Cytotoxic activity of extracted compounds by the release of lactate dehydrogenase confirms that these compounds were not toxic to the cells at 250 µg/ml of compounds 1 and 2. In addition, flow cytometry results show a significant cell arrest in the G0/G1 phase and increase in the apoptotic cells in sub G0 phase, in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the control. The conclusion of this study suggests that the anticancer property of these millets is mediated through the presence of vanillin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Priya Ramadoss
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nageswaran Sivalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Al-Afifi NA, Alabsi AM, Shaghayegh G, Ramanathan A, Ali R, Alkoshab M, Bakri MM. The in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of Dracaena cinnabari resin extract on oral cancer. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 104:77-89. [PMID: 31176147 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the potential for apoptosis induction of Dracaena cinnabari Balf. f methanolic extract (DCBME) on tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line, H103. We evaluated the chemopreventive activity of DCBME against 4-nitroquinolone-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced tongue carcinogenesis in rat. DESIGN Phase contrast microscope, acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) analysis of cells under fluorescence microscope, annexin-V flow-cytometry, DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and caspase 3/7, 8 and 9 assays were performed. In vivo study, the rats were given 4NQO in their drinking water. The tongue was subjected to histopathological study to evaluate the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). RESULTS DCBME showed cytotoxic effect on H103 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, DCBME showed low cytotoxic effect on a normal cell line. In H103 cells, it caused cell morphology changes, S and G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest, significant reduction of cell migration and induced apoptosis through the intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathway. The incidence of SCC was 85.7% in the induced cancer and vehicle groups while in rats treated with DCBME at 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg was 57.1%, 28.6% and 14.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS (DCBME)-apoptosis induction reported in this work can be exploited as a potential antitumor agent with applications in medicinal treatments of tongue SCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nashwan Abdullah Al-Afifi
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aied M Alabsi
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarom Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Gohar Shaghayegh
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anand Ramanathan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rola Ali
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarom Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - May Alkoshab
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marina Mohd Bakri
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xia X, Wang X, Zheng Y, Jiang J, Hu J. What role does pyroptosis play in microbial infection? J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7885-7892. [PMID: 30537070 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis, a type of programmed cell death mediated by gasdermin, is characterized by the swelling and rupture of cells, release of cellular contents and a strong inflammatory response, which is critical for controlling microbial infection. Pattern recognition receptors recognize the intracellular and extracellular pathogenic microbial components and stimulate the organism's inflammatory response by activating the pyroptosis signaling pathway and releasing interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18, and other inflammatory factors to promote pathogen clearance and prevent infection. In the process of continuous evolution, pathogens have developed multiple strategies to modulate the occurrence of pyroptosis and thus enhance their ability to induce disease; that is, the competition between host cells and pathogens controls the occurrence of pyroptosis. Competition can directly affect tissue inflammation outbreaks and even alter cell survival. Studies have shown that various bacterial infections, including Shigella flexneri, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Legionella pneumophila, can lead to pyroptosis. Pyroptosis is associated with the occurrence and development of various diseases caused by microbial infection, and the identification of molecules related to the pyroptosis signaling pathway may provide new drug targets for the treatment of related diseases. This study reviews the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and the role of pyroptosis in microbial infection-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Xia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China.,Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China.,Postdoctoral Research Station, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinqing Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jianhe Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China.,Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ramakrishnan S, Ijäs H, Linko V, Keller A. Structural stability of DNA origami nanostructures under application-specific conditions. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:342-349. [PMID: 30305885 PMCID: PMC6169152 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the introduction of the DNA origami technique, it became possible to rapidly synthesize almost arbitrarily shaped molecular nanostructures at nearly stoichiometric yields. The technique furthermore provides absolute addressability in the sub-nm range, rendering DNA origami nanostructures highly attractive substrates for the controlled arrangement of functional species such as proteins, dyes, and nanoparticles. Consequently, DNAorigami nanostructures have found applications in numerous areas of fundamental and applied research, ranging from drug delivery to biosensing to plasmonics to inorganic materials synthesis. Since many of those applications rely on structurally intact, well-definedDNA origami shapes, the issue of DNA origami stability under numerous application-relevant environmental conditions has received increasing interest in the past few years. In this mini-review we discuss the structural stability, denaturation, and degradation of DNA origami nanostructures under different conditions relevant to the fields of biophysics and biochemistry, biomedicine, and materials science, and the methods to improve their stability for desired applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saminathan Ramakrishnan
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Heini Ijäs
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P. O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Veikko Linko
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Adrian Keller
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhu X, Wu T, Chi Y, Ge Y, Wu B, Zhou M, Zhu F, Ji M, Cui L. Pyroptosis induced by enterovirus A71 infection in cultured human neuroblastoma cells. Virology 2018; 521:69-76. [PMID: 29886343 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) infection can cause hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), and even fatal meningoencephalitis. Unfortunately, there is currently no effective treatment for EV-A71 infection due to the lack of understanding of the mechanism of neurological diseases. In this study, we employed SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells to explore the roles of caspase-1 in neuropathogenesis. The expression and activity of caspase-1 were analyzed. The potential immuneconsequences mediated by caspase-1 including cell death, lysis, DNA degradation, and secretion of pro-inflammatory were also examined. We found the gene expression levels of caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18 and active caspase-1 were markedly increased in the SH-SY5Y cells at 48 h post EV-A71 infection. The cell death, lysis, and DNA degradation were also increased during infection, which could be significantly alleviated by caspase-1 inhibition. These observations provided additional experimental evidence supporting caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis as a novel pathway of inflammatory programmed cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhu
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratories of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 JiangSu Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratories of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 JiangSu Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Chi
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratories of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 JiangSu Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yiyue Ge
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratories of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 JiangSu Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratories of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 JiangSu Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Minghao Zhou
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratories of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 JiangSu Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratories of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 JiangSu Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Minjun Ji
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Lunbiao Cui
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratories of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 JiangSu Road, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yuan J, Zhu M, Deng S, Fan S, Xu H, Liao J, Li P, Zheng J, Zhao M, Chen J. Classical swine fever virus induces pyroptosis in the peripheral lymphoid organs of infected pigs. Virus Res 2018; 250:37-42. [PMID: 29627479 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) causes a highly lethal disease in pigs, which is characterized by immunosuppression. Leukopenia is known to be a possible mechanism of immunosuppression during CSFV infection. As a new and specialized form of cell death, pyroptosis is the key response of the innate immune system to pathogens, and is widely involved in the occurrence and development of infectious diseases. However, the relationship between CSFV and pyroptosis has not been explored. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of pyroptosis in pigs following CSFV infection. According to qRT-PCR assay results, the prevalence of this virus in peripheral lymphoid organs (tonsils, lymph nodes, and spleen) was much higher than that in other organs. Severe bleeding, necrosis, and a significant reduction in lymphocytes were found in the peripheral lymphoid organs of CSFV-infected pigs based on histological examination. In-depth studies showed that an increased ratio of deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells were present in the peripheral lymphoid organs of the CSFV-infected group according to immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, the p10 subunit and activity of caspase-1, which is a regulator of pyroptosis, the N-terminal domain of gasdermin D, which is an executor of pyroptosis, and the cleavage and secretion of IL-1b, which is a product of pyroptosis were increased in the peripheral lymphoid organs of the CSFV-infected group. Together, these results demonstrated that pyroptosis is involved in CSFV-induced cell death in vivo, which provides a new understanding of the mechanism associated with lymphocyte depletion and immunosuppression in pigs infected with this virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjiao Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; People's Republic of China
| | - Shaofeng Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; People's Republic of China
| | - Hailuan Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; People's Republic of China
| | - Jiedan Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfang Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Paul P, Chatterjee S, Pramanik A, Karmakar P, Chandra Bhattacharyya S, Kumar GS. Thionine Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles Trigger Apoptotic Activity Toward HepG2 Cancer Cell Line. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:635-646. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Puja Paul
- Organic
and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Sabyasachi Chatterjee
- Organic
and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Arindam Pramanik
- Department
of Life Science and Bio-technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department
of Life Science and Bio-technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | | | - Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
- Organic
and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Koldemir O, Özgür E, Gezer U. Accumulation of GAS5 in exosomes is a marker of apoptosis induction. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:358-362. [PMID: 28451400 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulatory molecules in many fundamental cellular processes and their deregulation is assumed to contribute to carcinogenesis. Exosomal lncRNAs are thought to be involved in the dissemination of cell signals to control local cellular microenvironments. In the current study, exosomal expression of growth arrest specific 5 (GAS5), an inhibitor of cell proliferation and promoter of apoptosis, was evaluated in apoptotic processes initiated by different mechanisms. Therefore, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were treated with Taxol (2 and 10 nM) and bleomycin (2 and 10 ng/ml) for 24 h. Following cell viability determination and measurement of apoptosis, cellular and exosomal expression levels of GAS5 were investigated using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. The findings indicate that Taxol is more toxic than bleomycin at the indicated doses and the effect was more evident in the MCF-7 cells. Despite varying toxicity rates, comparable levels of apoptotic nucleosomes were measured between Taxol- and bleomycin-treated cells. Upon drug treatment, cellular expression levels of GAS rose (≤1.5-fold) in the two cell lines. It appears that even a small increase in cellular expression leads to exosomal enrichment, as the accumulation of GAS5 in exosomes was marked in the MCF-7 cells (≤5.8-fold). Compared with the MCF-7 cells, the extent of GAS5 enrichment in the exosomes secreted from MDA-MB-231 cells was moderate (≤1.9-fold), potentially as a result of reduced cell death. The present study indicates that GAS5 accumulation in exosomes is a prevalent event in apoptotic processes that are initiated by different mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Koldemir
- Department of Basic Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Emre Özgür
- Department of Basic Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Ugur Gezer
- Department of Basic Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Manivel P, Paulpandi M, Murugan K, Benelli G, Ilanchelian M. Probing the interaction of thionine with human serum albumin by multispectroscopic studies and its in vitro cytotoxic activity toward MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:3012-3031. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1235513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Manivel
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manickam Paulpandi
- Proteomics Lab, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kadarkarai Murugan
- Proteomics Lab, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Insect Behavior Group, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy
- The BioRobotics Institute, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera 56025, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yin N, Chen T, Yu Y, Han Y, Yan F, Zheng Z, Chen Z. Facile mechanical shaking method is an improved isolation approach for islet preparation and transplantation. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3658-3664. [PMID: 28101160 PMCID: PMC5228319 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful islet isolation is crucial for islet transplantation and cell treatment for type 1 diabetes. Current isolation methods are able to obtain 500-1,000 islets per rat, which results in a waste of ≥50% of total islets. In the present study, a facile mechanical shaking method for improving islet yield (up to 1,500 per rat) was developed and summarized, which was demonstrated to be more effective than the existing well-established stationary method. The present results showed that isolated islets have a maximum yield of 1,326±152 when shaking for 15 min for the fully-cannulated pancreas. For both fully-cannulated and half-cannulated pancreas in the presence of rat DNAse inhibitor, the optimal shaking time was amended to 20 min with a further increased yield of 1,344±134 and 1,286±124 islets, respectively. Furthermore, the majority of the isolated islets were morphologically intact with a well-defined surface and almost no central necrotic zone, which suggested that the condition of islets obtained via the mechanical shaking method was consistent with the stationary method. Islet size distribution was also calculated and it was demonstrated that islets from the stationary method exhibited the same size distribution as the non-cannulated group, which had more larger islets than the fully-cannulated and half-cannulated groups isolated via the shaking method. In addition, the results of glucose challenge showed that the refraction index of each group was >2.5, which indicated the well-preserved function of isolated islets. Furthermore, the transplanted islets exhibited a therapeutic effect after 1 day of transplantation; however, they failed to control blood glucose levels after ~7 days of transplantation. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that the facile mechanical shaking method may markedly improve the yield of rat islet isolation, and in vitro and in vivo investigation demonstrated the well-preserved function of isolated islets in the control of blood glucose. Therefore, the facile mechanical shaking method may be an alternative improved procedure to obtain higher islet yield for islet preparation and transplantation in the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Yin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Yu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Yongming Han
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Zebin Chen
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China; Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Richardson JSM, Sethi G, Lee GS, Malek SNA. Chalepin: isolated from Ruta angustifolia L. Pers induces mitochondrial mediated apoptosis in lung carcinoma cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:389. [PMID: 27729078 PMCID: PMC5059921 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Cancer has been one of the leading causes of mortality in this era. Ruta angustifolia L. Pers has been traditionally used as an abortifacient, antihelmintic, emmenagogue and ophthalmic. In Malaysia and Singapore, the local Chinese community used it for the treatment of cancer. Methods In this study, the methanol and fractionated extracts (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water) of R. angustifolia were tested for its cytotoxicity using the sulforhodamide (SRB) cytotoxicity assay against HCT-116, A549, Ca Ski and MRC5 cell lines. Chemical isolation was carried out by using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the isolated compounds were tested for its cytotoxicity against A549 cell line. Cellular and nuclear morphological changes were observed in the cells using phase contrast microscopy and Hoechst/PI fluorescent staining. The externalisation of phosphatidylserine was observed through FITC-labelling Annexin V/PI assay whilst DNA fragmentation was observed through the TUNEL assay. Other indication of apoptosis occuring through the mitochondrial pathway were the attenuation of mitochondrial membrane potential and increase in ROS production. Activation of caspase 9 and 3 were monitored. Western blot analysis was done to show the expression levels of apoptotic proteins. Results The chloroform extract (without chlorophyll) exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity with IC50 of 10.1 ± 0.15 μg/ml against A549 cell line. Further chemical investigation was thus directed to this fraction which led to the isolation of 12 compounds identified as graveoline, psoralen, kokusaginine, methoxysalen, bergapten, arborinine, moskachan B, chalepin, moskachan D, chalepensin, rutamarin and neophytadiene. Among these compounds, chalepin exhibited excellent cytotoxicity against A549 cell line with an IC50 value of 8.69 ± 2.43 μg/ml (27.64 μM). In western blot analysis, expression of p53, truncated Bid, Bax and Bak while the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, survivin, XIAP, Bcl-XL,cFLIP decreased in a time-dependent manner when A549 cells were treated with 36 μg/ml of chalepin. In addition, the level of PARP was found to decrease. Conclusion Hence these findings indicated that chalepin-induced cell death might involve the intrinsic mitochodrial pathway resulting in the upregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins and downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins. Thus, chalepin could be an excellent candidate for the development of an anticancer agent. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1368-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
22
|
Shaghayegh G, Alabsi AM, Ali-Saeed R, Ali AM, Vincent-Chong VK, Zain RB. Cell cycle arrest and mechanism of apoptosis induction in H400 oral cancer cells in response to Damnacanthal and Nordamnacanthal isolated from Morinda citrifolia. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:1999-2013. [PMID: 27488882 PMCID: PMC5023568 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-0014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is the eleventh most prevalent cancer worldwide. The most prevalent oral cancer is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Damnacanthal (DAM) and nordamnacanthal (NDAM), the anthraquinone compounds, are isolated from the root of Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni), which has been used for the treatment of several chronic diseases including cancer. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the cytotoxicity, cell death mode, cell cycle, and the molecular mechanism of apoptosis induced by DAM and NDAM on OSCC. The cytotoxic effects of these compounds against OSCC cell lines were determined by MTT assay. The cell death mode was analysed by DNA laddering and FITC-annexin V/PI flow cytometric assays. In addition, the mechanism of apoptosis induced by DAM and NDAM was detected using mitochondrial membrane potential, Cytochrome c, and caspases assays. Finally, the effect of DAM and NDAM on cell cycle phase distribution of OSCC cells was detected by flow cytometry. In the present study, DAM and NDAM showed cytotoxicity towards OSCC cell lines and the maximum growth inhibition for both compounds was observed in H400 cells with IC50 value of 1.9 and 6.8 μg/ml, respectively, after 72 h treatment. The results also demonstrated the inhibition of H400 OSCC cells proliferation, internucleosomal cleavage of DNA, activation of intrinsic apoptosis pathway, and cell cycle arrest caused by DAM and NDAM. Therefore, these findings suggest that DAM and NDAM can be potentially used as antitumor agents for oral cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Shaghayegh
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aied M Alabsi
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rola Ali-Saeed
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource and Food Industry, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, 22200, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Manaf Ali
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource and Food Industry, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, 22200, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Vui King Vincent-Chong
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Binti Zain
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yun J, Lee DG. Cecropin A-induced apoptosis is regulated by ion balance and glutathione antioxidant system inCandida albicans. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:652-62. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JiEun Yun
- School of Life Sciences, BK 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University; 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University; 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Synthesis, characterization, antiproliferative and molecular docking study of new half sandwich Ir(III), Rh(III) and Ru(II) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 159:50-61. [PMID: 26918899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The new carbazole N,N' ligand containing [(η(5)-C5Me5)MCl(L)]PF6, (M=Ir (1) and Rh (2)) and [(η(6)-C6H6)RuCl(L)]PF6 (3) (C5Me5=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, L=9-ethyl-N-(pyridine-2-yl methylene)-9H-carbazole-3-amine) complexes has been synthesized and characterized by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, 2D NMR, melting point analysis, electronic absorption, infrared spectroscopy, HR-Mass spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The crystal structure of the [(η(5)-C5Me5)RhCl(L)]PF6 has been confirmed by single crystal XRD. The anticancer study of the synthesized complexes 1-3 clearly showed a potent inhibitor of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) under in vitro conditions. The inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the complexes 1-3 were determined at low (5, 6 and 8μM) concentration against the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Further cytotoxic, cell cycle and nuclear studies confirmed that the novel half sandwich Ir(III), Rh(III) and Ru(II) complexes could be effective against MCF-7 human breast cancer cell proliferation. Moreover the results indicate that anticancer in vitro activity of complexes 1-3 falls in the order of 1>2>3. A molecular docking study of the complexes 1-3 showed the nature of binding energy, H-bond and hydrophobic interactions with the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) receptor.
Collapse
|
25
|
Nithyakumar A, Alexander V. Synthesis, relaxivity, and in vitro fluorescence imaging studies of a novel d-f heterometallic trinuclear complex as a potential bimodal imaging probe for MRI and optical imaging. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:17800-9. [PMID: 26400754 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02123e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new trinuclear heterometallic Ru(II)-Gd complex of 4-aminopyridine appended DO3A (DO3A = 1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) with 2,2'-bipyridine as ancillary ligands is synthesized and its relaxometry and in vitro fluorescence imaging studies are reported. The complex [Ru(bpy)2{Gd(DOTA-AMpy)(H2O)}2]Cl2 (7) exhibits a "per Gd" longitudinal relaxivity (r1p) of 5.80 and 14.30 mM(-1) s(-1) in aqueous solution and in the presence of HSA, respectively (20 MHz, pH = 7.4, PBS, 37 °C). The complex 7 exhibits an intense (1)MLCT absorption band at 480 nm and luminesces at 595 nm with a luminescence quantum yield of 3.2%. The fluorescence microscopy imaging study of HeLa cells incubated with 7 and stained with ethidium bromide and acridine orange confirms that the cells are viable throughout the imaging experiments and its cytotoxicity against HeLa cells, studied by the MTT assay, demonstrates its use for bioimaging studies. HeLa cell lines treated with the complex 7 and stained with Hoechst-33342 showed marked morphological signs of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner by inducing changes in cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Furthermore, apoptosis of HeLa cells, studied by the DNA ladder assay, indicates apoptotic cell death lending support for the antitumor activity of 7. A molecular docking study reveals that the complex 7 intercalates into the major groove of the DNA stabilized by hydrogen bonding and it binds with HSA by electrostatic- and hydrogen bonding interactions. The relaxometry, luminescence and fluorescence imaging studies indicate that the Ru(II)-Gd complex 7 has a good cell membrane permeability and could be considered as a potential bimodal imaging probe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Nithyakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Engineered cellular gene-replacement platform for selective and inducible proteolytic profiling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:8344-9. [PMID: 26106156 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1504141112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular demolition during apoptosis is completed by executioner caspases, that selectively cleave more than 1,500 proteins but whose individual roles are challenging to assess. Here, we used an optimized site-specific and inducible protease to examine the role of a classic apoptotic node, the caspase-activated DNase (CAD). CAD is activated when caspases cleave its endogenous inhibitor ICAD, resulting in the characteristic DNA laddering of apoptosis. We describe a posttranscriptional gene replacement (PTGR) approach where endogenous biallelic ICAD is knocked down and simultaneously replaced with an engineered allele that is susceptible to inducible cleavage by tobacco etch virus protease. Remarkably, selective activation of CAD alone does not induce cell death, although hallmarks of DNA damage are detected in human cancer cell lines. Our data strongly support that the highly cooperative action of CAD and inhibition of DNA repair systems are critical for the DNA laddering phenotype in apoptosis. Furthermore, the PTGR approach provides a general means for replacing wild-type protein function with a precisely engineered mutant at the transcriptional level that should be useful for cell engineering studies.
Collapse
|
27
|
Kumar M, Kaur P, Kumar S, Kaur S. Antiproliferative and Apoptosis Inducing Effects of Non-Polar Fractions from Lawsonia inermis L. in Cervical (HeLa) Cancer Cells. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 21:249-60. [PMID: 25931778 PMCID: PMC4411381 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-015-0285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Two non-polar fractions viz. hexane (Hex-LI) and chloroform fraction (CHCl3-LI) of Lawsonia inermis were studied for their antiproliferative potential in various cancer cell lines viz. HeLa, MCF-7, A549 and C6 glioma cells. Both the fractions showed more than 60 % of growth inhibition in all the tested cell lines at highest tested concentration. In clonogenic assay, different concentrations of Hex-LI and CHCl3-LI decreased the number and size of colonies as compared to control in HeLa cells. The apoptotic effects as nuclear condensation, fragmentation were visualized with Hoechst-33342 staining of HeLa cells using confocal microscope. Both fractions induced apoptotic cell death in human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells as evident from flow cytometric analysis carried out using Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide dyes. CHCl3-LI treated cells significantly induced apoptosis (25.43 %) in comparison to control. Results from Neutral Comet assay demonstrated that both fractions induced double stranded breaks (DSB's) in HeLa cells. Our data indicated that Hex-LI and CHCl3-LI treated cells showed significant increase of 32.2 and 18.56 % reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in DCFH-DA assay respectively. Further, experimental studies to decipher exact pathway via which these fractions induce cell death are in progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- />Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
| | - Paramjeet Kaur
- />Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- />Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- />Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Citalingam K, Abas F, Lajis NH, Othman I, Naidu R. Anti-proliferative effect and induction of apoptosis in androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells by 1,5-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one. Molecules 2015; 20:3406-30. [PMID: 25690296 PMCID: PMC6272399 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20023406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has poor in vivo absorption and bioavailability, highlighting a need for new curcumin analogues with better characteristics in these aspects. The aim of this study is to determine the anti-cancer properties of four selected curcumin analogues, on the cytotoxicity, proliferative and apoptotic effects on androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells (PC-3 and DU 145). Initial cytotoxicity screening showed MS17 has the highest cell inhibitory effect, with EC50 values of 4.4 ± 0.3 and 4.1 ± 0.8 µM, followed by MS13 (7.5 ± 0.1 and 7.4 ± 2.6 µM), MS49 (14.5 ± 1.2 and 12.3 ± 2.3 µM) and MS40E (28.0 ± 7.8 and 30.3 ± 1.9 µM) for PC-3 and DU 145 cells, respectively. Time-dependent analysis also revealed that MS13 and MS17 displayed a greater anti-proliferative effect than the other compounds. MS17 was chosen based on the high selectivity index value for further analysis on the morphological and biochemical hallmarks of apoptosis. Fluorescence microscopy analysis revealed apoptotic changes in both treated prostate cancer cells. Relative caspase-3 activity increased significantly at 48 h in PC-3 and 12 h in DU 145 cells. Highest enrichment of free nucleosomes was noted at 48 h after treatment with MS17. In conclusion, MS17 demonstrated anti-proliferative effect and induces apoptosis in a time and dose-dependent manner suggesting its potential for development as an anti-cancer agent for androgen-independent prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Citalingam
- Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nordin H Lajis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Purkait K, Karmakar S, Bhattacharyya S, Chatterjee S, Dey SK, Mukherjee A. A hypoxia efficient imidazole-based Ru(ii) arene anticancer agent resistant to deactivation by glutathione. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:5969-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03983a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
[RuII(η6-p-cym)(L)Cl](PF6) is slow to hydrolyze and shows better anticancer activity in hypoxia with strong resistance to deactivation by l-glutathione.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kallol Purkait
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| | - Subhendu Karmakar
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| | - Sudipta Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| | - Saptarshi Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| | - Suman Kr Dey
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| | - Arindam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li M, Pang Z, Xiao W, Liu X, Zhang Y, Yu D, Yang M, Yang Y, Hu J, Luo K. A transcriptome analysis suggests apoptosis-related signaling pathways in hemocytes of Spodoptera litura after parasitization by Microplitis bicoloratus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110967. [PMID: 25350281 PMCID: PMC4211697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplitis bicoloratus parasitism induction of apoptotic DNA fragmentation of host Spodoptera litura hemocytes has been reported. However, how M. bicoloratus parasitism regulates the host signaling pathways to induce DNA fragmentation during apoptosis remains unclear. To address this question, we performed a new RNAseq-based comparative analysis of the hemocytes transcriptomes of non-parasitized and parasitized S. litura. We were able to assemble a total of more than 11.63 Gbp sequence, to yield 20,571 unigenes. At least six main protein families encoded by M. bicoloratus bracovirus are expressed in the parasitized host hemocytes: Ankyrin-repeat, Ben domain, C-type lectin, Egf-like and Mucin-like, protein tyrosine phosphatase. The analysis indicated that during DNA fragmentation and cell death, 299 genes were up-regulated and 2,441 genes were down-regulated. Data on five signaling pathways related with cell death, the gap junctions, Ca2+, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, ATM/p53 revealed that CypD, which is involved in forming a Permeability Transition Pore Complex (PTPC) to alter mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP), was dramatically up-regulated. The qRT-PCR also provided that the key genes for cell survival were down-regulated under M. bicoloratus parasitism, including those encoding Inx1, Inx2 and Inx3 of the gap junction signaling pathway, p110 subunit of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and the p50 and p65 subunit of the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings suggest that M. bicoloratus parasitism may regulate host mitochondria to trigger internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. This study will facilitate the identification of immunosuppression-related genes and also improves our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying polydnavirus-parasitoid-host interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China; Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Zunyu Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China; Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China; Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China; Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China; Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Dongshuai Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China; Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Minjun Yang
- Shanghai–Ministry of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China; Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Jiansheng Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China; Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Kaijun Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China; Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ma H, Rao L, Wang HL, Mao ZW, Lei RH, Yang ZY, Qing H, Deng YL. Transcriptome analysis of glioma cells for the dynamic response to γ-irradiation and dual regulation of apoptosis genes: a new insight into radiotherapy for glioblastomas. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e895. [PMID: 24176853 PMCID: PMC3920930 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is of clinical importance for glioblastoma therapy; however, the recurrence of glioma characterized by radiation resistance remains a therapeutic challenge. Research on irradiation-induced transcription in glioblastomas can contribute to the understanding of radioresistance mechanisms. In this study, by using the total mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, we assayed the global gene expression in a human glioma cell line U251 MG at various time points after exposure to a growth arrest dose of γ-rays. We identified 1656 genes with obvious changes at the transcriptional level in response to irradiation, and these genes were dynamically enriched in various biological processes or pathways, including cell cycle arrest, DNA replication, DNA repair and apoptosis. Interestingly, the results showed that cell death was not induced even many proapoptotic molecules, including death receptor 5 (DR5) and caspases were activated after radiation. The RNA-seq data analysis further revealed that both proapoptosis and antiapoptosis genes were affected by irradiation. Namely, most proapoptosis genes were early continually responsive, whereas antiapoptosis genes were responsive at later stages. Moreover, HMGB1, HMGB2 and TOP2A involved in the positive regulation of DNA fragmentation during apoptosis showed early continual downregulation due to irradiation. Furthermore, targeting of the TRAIL/DR5 pathway after irradiation led to significant apoptotic cell death, accompanied by the recovered gene expression of HMGB1, HMGB2 and TOP2A. Taken together, these results revealed that inactivation of proapoptotic signaling molecules in the nucleus and late activation of antiapoptotic genes may contribute to the radioresistance of gliomas. Overall, this study provided novel insights into not only the underlying mechanisms of radioresistance in glioblastomas but also the screening of multiple targets for radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Ma
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Evidence of apoptosis in Raillietina echinobothrida induced by methanolic extracts of three traditional medicinal plants of Northeast India. Exp Parasitol 2013; 134:466-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
33
|
Sahu U, Sidhar H, Ghate PS, Advirao GM, Raghavan SC, Giri RK. A Novel Anticancer Agent, 8-Methoxypyrimido[4',5':4,5]thieno(2,3-b) Quinoline-4(3H)-One Induces Neuro 2a Neuroblastoma Cell Death through p53-Dependent, Caspase-Dependent and -Independent Apoptotic Pathways. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66430. [PMID: 23824039 PMCID: PMC3688904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common cancer in infants and fourth most common cancer in children. Despite recent advances in cancer treatments, the prognosis of stage-IV neuroblastoma patients continues to be dismal which warrant new pharmacotherapy. A novel tetracyclic condensed quinoline compound, 8-methoxypyrimido [4',5':4,5]thieno(2,3-b) quinoline-4(3H)-one (MPTQ) is a structural analogue of an anticancer drug ellipticine and has been reported to posses anticancer property. Study on MPTQ on neuroblastoma cells is very limited and mechanisms related to its cytotoxicity on neuroblastoma cells are completely unknown. Here, we evaluated the anticancer property of MPTQ on mouse neuro 2a and human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and investigated the mechanisms underlying MPTQ-mediated neuro 2a cell death. MPTQ-mediated neuro 2a and SH-SY5Y cell deaths were found to be dose and time dependent. Moreover, MPTQ induced cell death reached approximately 99.8% and 90% in neuro 2a and SH-SY5Y cells respectively. Nuclear oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation and Terminal dUTP Nick End Labelling assays indicated MPTQ-mediated neuro 2a cell death involved apoptosis. MPTQ-mediated apoptosis is associated with increased phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 and Ser20 which correlates with the hyperphosphorylation of Ataxia-Telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM). Immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated the increased level of Bax protein in MPTQ treated neuro 2a cells. MPTQ-mediated apoptosis is also associated with increased activation of caspase-9, -3 and -7 but not caspase-2 and -8. Furthermore, increased level of caspase-3 and cleaved Poly (ADP Ribose) polymerase were observed in the nucleus of MPTQ treated neuro 2a cells, suggesting the involvement of caspase-dependent intrinsic but not extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Increased nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor suggests additional involvement of caspase-independent apoptosis pathway in MPTQ treated neuro 2a cells. Collectively, MPTQ-induced neuro 2a cell death is mediated by ATM and p53 activation, and Bax-mediated activation of caspase-dependent and caspase-independent mitochondrial apoptosis pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Sahu
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, India
| | - Himakshi Sidhar
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, India
| | - Pankaj S. Ghate
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, India
| | - Gopal M. Advirao
- Department of Biochemistry, Kuvempu University, Davanagere, Karnataka, India
| | - Sathees C. Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranjit K. Giri
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rodríguez-Caso C. Can cell mortality determine division of labor in tissue organization? J Theor Biol 2013; 332:161-70. [PMID: 23665209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tissue organization comes from the emergence of cell cooperation where cell homeostasis and function are performed as a trade-off of two excluding proliferative and differentiated cellular states. By introducing function in a population dynamics approach, I study the role of division of labor in tissue optimality when cell turn-over and limitation of space and resources are imposed as natural restrictions of a living tissue. The results indicate that although cell turn-over imposes a inevitable reduction in function abilities, the penalty is smaller when division of labor is at work, especially when a rapid cell-turnover and high cell density is a requirement for the tissue, as occurred in epithelia hierarchical tissues. Analytic results are in agreement with the experimental data available in literature. The study provides an explanation about why homogeneous tissues for which proliferative and functional tasks are performed by a same cell type are unlikely to be observed under high cell-renewal requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rodríguez-Caso
- Complex Systems Lab. Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fahmueller YN, Nagel D, Hoffmann RT, Tatsch K, Jakobs T, Stieber P, Holdenrieder S. Immunogenic cell death biomarkers HMGB1, RAGE, and DNAse indicate response to radioembolization therapy and prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2013; 132:2349-58. [PMID: 23047645 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Radioembolization therapy (RE) is an efficient locoregional treatment for liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Serum biomarkers involved in immunogenic cell death are potentially valuable for early predicting therapy response and estimating prognosis. In a prospective observation study, blood samples were taken from 49 consecutive colorectal cancer patients with extensive hepatic metastases before, 24 and 48 hr after RE. Serum levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), receptor of glycation end products (RAGE) and activity of desoxyribonuclease were compared with response to therapy regularly determined radiologically 3 months after therapy and with overall survival. Serum levels of HMGB1 were increased already 24 hr after RE, while RAGE levels were decreased and DNAse remained unchanged. In radiological staging, 35 patients demonstrated disease progression while 14 patients had stable disease or remission. Serum HMGB1 levels 24 hr after RE were significantly higher in progressive than in nonprogressive patients while for RAGE and DNAse no difference was observed between the response groups. Concerning overall survival, high pretherapeutic (0 hr) and 24 hr levels of HMGB1 were associated with poor outcome. Multivariate analysis including HMGB1, tumor, liver and inflammation markers revealed HMGB1 and CRP as independent prognostic parameters. HMGB1 is a valuable serum biomarker for early estimation of therapy response and prognosis in colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases undergoing RE therapy.
Collapse
|
36
|
Kohles N, Nagel D, Jüngst D, Stieber P, Holdenrieder S. Predictive value of immunogenic cell death biomarkers HMGB1, sRAGE, and DNase in liver cancer patients receiving transarterial chemoembolization therapy. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:2401-9. [PMID: 22965881 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) therapy is an effective locoregional anticancer treatment for liver cancer patients. Serum biomarkers involved in immunogenic cell death may be valuable for early predicting therapy response and estimating prognosis. Sera of 50 prospectively and consecutively included hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, undergoing TACE therapy, were taken before and 24 h after TACE application. In these samples, soluble biomarkers involved in immunogenic cell death, and among them, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), and DNase activity were measured. They were compared with radiological response to therapy. A total of 71 TACE therapies were evaluated, of which 32 were classified as "no progression," and 39, as "progression." While HMGB1 levels increased already 24 h after TACE, there was an early decrease of sRAGE and DNase activity. Pretherapeutic and 24-h values of sRAGE were significantly higher in the no progression group than those in the progression group. There was no difference with respect to treatment response for DNase and HMGB1. Soluble RAGE is a new parameter with predictive relevance in primary liver cancer patients undergoing TACE therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Kohles
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University-Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ruan L, Xu Z, Lan T, Wang J, Liu H, Li C, Dong C, Ren J. Highly sensitive method for assay of drug-induced apoptosis using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7350-8. [PMID: 22876965 DOI: 10.1021/ac301654g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays a crucial role in many biological processes and pathogenesis of various malignancies and diseases of the immune system. In this paper, we described a novel method for sensitive detection of drug-induced apoptosis by using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). The principle of this method is based on the assay of DNA fragmentation in the process of the drug-induced apoptosis. FCS is a single molecule method, and it can be used for sensitive and selective assay of DNA fragmentation without separation. We first developed a highly sensitive method for characterization of DNA fragments using a home-built FCS system and SYBR Green I as fluorescent DNA-intercalating dye, and then established a model of drug-induced apoptosis using human pancreatic cancer cells and a drug lidamycin. Furthermore, FCS method established was used to directly detect the fragmentation of DNA extracted from apoptotic cells or in the apoptotic cell lysate. In FCS assay, the single-component model and the multiple-components model were used to fit raw FCS data. The characteristic diffusion time of DNA fragments was used as an important parameter to distinguish the apoptotic status of cells. The obtained data documented that the characteristic diffusion time of DNA fragments from apoptotic cells significantly decreased with an increase of lidamycin concentration, which implied that DNA fragmentation occurred in lidamycin-induced apoptosis. The FCS results are well in line with the data obtained from flow cytometer and gel electrophoresis. Compared to current methods, the method described here is sensitive and simple, and more importantly, our detection volume is less than 1 fL, and the sample requirement can easily be reduced to nL level using a droplets array technology. Therefore, our method probably becomes a high throughput detection platform for early detection of cell apoptosis and screening of apoptosis-based anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingao Ruan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Growth inhibition of human gynecologic and colon cancer cells by Phyllanthus watsonii through apoptosis induction. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34793. [PMID: 22536331 PMCID: PMC3335034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthus watsonii Airy Shaw is an endemic plant found in Peninsular Malaysia. Although there are numerous reports on the anti cancer properties of other Phyllanthus species, published information on the cytotoxicity of P. watsonii are very limited. The present study was carried out with bioassay-guided fractionation approach to evaluate the cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction capability of the P. watsonii extracts and fractions on human gynecologic (SKOV-3 and Ca Ski) and colon (HT-29) cancer cells. P. watsonii extracts exhibited strong cytotoxicity on all the cancer cells studied with IC(50) values of ≤ 20.0 µg/mL. Hexane extract of P. watsonii was further subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation and yielded 10 fractions (PW-1→PW-10). PW-4→PW-8 portrayed stronger cytotoxic activity and was further subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation and resulted with 8 sub-fractions (PPWH-1→PPWH-8). PPWH-7 possessed greatest cytotoxicity (IC(50) values ranged from 0.66-0.83 µg/mL) and was selective on the cancer cells studied. LC-MS/MS analysis of PPWH-7 revealed the presence of ellagic acid, geranic acid, glochidone, betulin, phyllanthin and sterol glucoside. Marked morphological changes, ladder-like appearance of DNA and increment in caspase-3 activity indicating apoptosis were clearly observed in both human gynecologic and colon cancer cells treated with P. watsonii especially with PPWH-7. The study also indicated that P. watsonii extracts arrested cell cycle at different growth phases in SKOV-3, Ca Ski and HT-29 cells. Cytotoxic and apoptotic potential of the endemic P. watsonii was investigated for the first time by bioassay-guided approach. These results demonstrated that P. watsonii selectively inhibits the growth of SKOV-3, Ca Ski and HT-29 cells through apoptosis induction and cell cycle modulation. Hence, P. watsonii has the potential to be further exploited for the discovery and development of new anti cancer drugs.
Collapse
|
39
|
Ramasamy S, Abdul Wahab N, Zainal Abidin N, Manickam S. Effect of extracts from Phyllanthus watsonii Airy Shaw on cell apoptosis in cultured human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 65:341-9. [PMID: 22217449 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Species of Phyllanthus have traditionally been used for hundreds of years for treating many ailments including diabetes, anemia, bronchitis and hepatitis. The present study aims to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of methanol (PWM), hexane (PWH) and ethyl acetate (PWE) extracts from the leaves of the endemic plant Phyllanthus watsonii Airy Shaw (Phyllanthaceae) on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. We observed that the PWM, PWH and PWE extracts were cytotoxic and selectively inhibited the growth and proliferation of MCF-7 cells compared to untreated control in a dose dependent manner with an IC(50) of 12.7 ± 4.65, 7.9 ± 0.60 and 7.7 ± 0.29 μg/ml, respectively. However, the extracts were not toxic at these concentrations to normal human lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells. Cell death induced by PWM, PWH and PWE extracts were mainly due to apoptosis which was characterized by apoptotic morphological changes and a nuclear DNA fragmentation. Caspase-3 activation following P. watsonii extracts treatment was also evident for apoptotic cell death which was preceded by an S phase cell cycle perturbation. The results suggested that the cytotoxic activity of P. watsonii extracts was related to an early event of cell cycle perturbation and a later event of apoptosis. Hence, P. watsonii displays potential to be further exploited in the discovery and development of new anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Ramasamy
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kumar R, Zhou Y, Ghosal K, Cai S, Singh BR. Anti-apoptotic activity of hemagglutinin-33 and botulinum neurotoxin and its implications to therapeutic and countermeasure issues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 417:726-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
41
|
Abstract
Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a flavin adenine dinucleotide-containing, NADH-dependent oxidoreductase residing in the mitochondrial intermembrane space whose specific enzymatic activity remains unknown. Upon an apoptotic insult, AIF undergoes proteolysis and translocates to the nucleus, where it triggers chromatin condensation and large-scale DNA degradation in a caspase-independent manner. Besides playing a key role in execution of caspase-independent cell death, AIF has emerged as a protein critical for cell survival. Analysis of in vivo phenotypes associated with AIF deficiency and defects, and identification of its mitochondrial, cytoplasmic, and nuclear partners revealed the complexity and multilevel regulation of AIF-mediated signal transduction and suggested an important role of AIF in the maintenance of mitochondrial morphology and energy metabolism. The redox activity of AIF is essential for optimal oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, the protein is proposed to regulate the respiratory chain indirectly, through assembly and/or stabilization of complexes I and III. This review discusses accumulated data with respect to the AIF structure and outlines evidence that supports the prevalent mechanistic view on the apoptogenic actions of the flavoprotein, as well as the emerging concept of AIF as a redox sensor capable of linking NAD(H)-dependent metabolic pathways to apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina F Sevrioukova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California-Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Berényi E, Benko I, Vámosi G, Géresi K, Tárkányi I, Szegedi I, Lukács L, Juhász I, Kiss C, Fésüs L, Aradi J. In vitro and in vivo activity of 4-thio-uridylate against JY cells, a model for human acute lymphoid leukemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 410:682-7. [PMID: 21699885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported the in vitro anti-proliferative effect of 4-thio-uridylate (s(4)UMP) on OCM-1 uveal melanoma cells. Here, we assessed the efficacy of s(4)UMP on JY cells. Treatment of JY cells with s(4)UMP suppressed their colony forming activity and induced apoptosis; healthy human bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells were 14-fold less sensitive to the nucleotide. In vivo effectiveness of s(4)UMP was determined using xenograft SCID mouse model. s(4)UMP decreased the cell number and colony forming activity of the total cell content of the femur of SCID mice transplanted with JY cells without affecting the bone marrow of healthy mice. These results suggest that s(4)UMP alone or in combination with other clinically approved anti-leukemic remedies should be further explored as a potential novel therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Berényi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei Krt., Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mohan S, Bustamam A, Ibrahim S, Al-Zubairi AS, Aspollah M, Abdullah R, Elhassan MM. In Vitro Ultramorphological Assessment of Apoptosis on CEMss Induced by Linoleic Acid-Rich Fraction from Typhonium flagelliforme Tuber. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:421894. [PMID: 21785623 PMCID: PMC3135625 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neq010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The plant Typhonium flagelliforme, commonly known as “rodent tuber” in Malaysia, is often used as a health supplement and traditional remedy for alternative cancer therapies, including leukemia. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro anti-leukemic activity of dichloromethane extract/fraction number 7 (DCM/F7) from T. flagelliforme tuber on human T4 lymphoblastoid (CEMss) cell line. The DCM extract of tuber has been fractionated by column chromatography. The obtained fractions were evaluated for its cytotoxicity toward CEMss cells as well as human primary blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Assessment of apoptosis produced by the most active fraction was evaluated by various microscopic techniques and further confirmation of apoptosis was done by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Phytochemical screening was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results shows that 7 out of 12 fractions showed significant cytotoxicity against the selected cell line CEMss, in which fractions DCM/F7, DCM/F11 and DCM/F12 showed exceptional activity with 3, 5 and 6.2 μg ml−1, respectively. Further studies in the non-cancerous PBL exhibited significant selectivity of DCM/F7 compared to other fractions. Cytological observations showed chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage, abnormalities of cristae, membrane blebbing, cytoplasmic extrusions and formation of apoptotic bodies as confirmed collectively by double-staining of acridine orange (AO)/propidium iodide (PI), SEM and TEM. In addition, DCM/F7 has increased the cellular DNA breaks on treated cells. GC-MS revealed that DCM/F7 contains linoleic acid, hexadecanoic acid and 9-hexadecanoic acid. The present results indicate that T. flagelliforme possess a valuable anti-leukemic effect and was able to produce distinctive morphological features of cell death that corresponds to apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syam Mohan
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, 43400 UPM Serdang, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hernández-Gil J, Ferrer Llusar S, Maldonado CR, Mareque-Rivas JC. Synergy between quantum dots and 1,10-phenanthroline-copper(II) complex towards cleaving DNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:2955-7. [PMID: 21240449 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04163g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have found that the DNA cleaving activity of quantum dots and 1,10-phenanthroline-Cu(II) complex is significantly enhanced when they are combined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Hernández-Gil
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Dalkara T, Moskowitz MA. Apoptosis and Related Mechanisms in Cerebral Ischemia. Stroke 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-5478-8.10007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
46
|
Abstract
The native T7 DNA polymerase is a fast and highly processive enzyme that can be used for in situ detection of apoptosis and various types of DNA breaks. The technique is quick and simple, and was shown to label earlier stages of apoptosis compared to the terminal transferase technique. The in situ labeling applications of T7 DNA polymerase are presented and summarized from the DNA damage detection standpoint. The detailed protocols are provided together with the discussion of their advantages and limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Didenko
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, and Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Liu G, Guo H, Guo C, Zhao S, Gong D, Zhao Y. Involvement of IRE1α signaling in the hippocampus in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain Res Bull 2010; 84:94-102. [PMID: 20965234 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cumulative evidence suggests that programmed cell death (apoptosis) may contribute to the progressive hippocampal sclerosis seen in patients with refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated cell apoptotic pathway has recently emerged as a vital intrinsic pathway, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process in the epileptic brain remain unclear. We investigated inositol-requiring protein 1α (IRE1α)-mediated ER stress pro-and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways in resected hippocampi from 32 patients with intractable MTLE. Immunoreactivity for the ER stress markers glucose-regulated proteins 78 and 94 was significantly higher in MTLE hippocampi than in controls. The levels of IRE1α, tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2), apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which together constitute the IRE1α/TRAF2/ASK1/JNK pro-apoptotic signaling pathway, were significantly upregulated in patients with MTLE. Immunoreactivity for caspase-4, a homologue of caspase-12 that is possibly activated by IRE1α via TRAF2 following ER stress, and caspase-3 which was a downstream effector of caspase-4, were both detected in MTLE tissue samples. In contrast, immunoreactivity for caspase-4 and caspase-3 were low or absent in control samples. Simultaneously, the X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family transcription factor downstream of IRE1α which can promote cell survival by upregulation of multiple ER-targeted genes, was also overexpressed and activated in MTLE hippocampi. Our data suggest that chronic epilepsy is associated with ER stress, as well as induction of both IRE1α-mediated pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonglu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Hongkou District, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhao L, Cheng P, Li J, Zhang Y, Gu M, Liu J, Zhang J, Zhu JJ. Analysis of nonadherent apoptotic cells by a quantum dots probe in a microfluidic device for drug screening. Anal Chem 2010; 81:7075-80. [PMID: 19634888 DOI: 10.1021/ac901121f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This technical note describes a facile technique to screen some anticancer drugs and evaluate their effects on nonadhesive leukemic cells in an easily fabricated microfluidic device by utilizing the Annexin V conjugated quantum dots as apoptosis detection probes. The cell immobilizing structures and gradient-generating channels were integrated within the device which was fabricated in one-single step. The nonadhesive leukemic HL-60 cells can be felicitously immobilized and cultured on the dam structures at a proper lateral pressure. We then delivered Annexin V functionalized quantum dots which can readily bind to the outer membrane of apoptotic cells and distinguish the apoptosis from unaffected cells with single cell level resolution. The diffusion time of quantum dots reduced to 5 min before imaging. The capabilities of evaluating drug effect on HL-60 cell line have been shown in both population way and individual cell level. The technique presented herein can bridge the gap between the quantum dots based in vitro cell imaging and the analysis of individual apoptotic cell in a microfluidic system, allows an easy operating protocol to screen some clinically available anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ninios YP, Sekeri-Pataryas KE, Sourlingas TG. Histone H1 subtype preferences of DFF40 and possible nuclear localization of DFF40/45 in normal and trichostatin A-treated NB4 leukemic cells. Apoptosis 2010; 15:128-38. [PMID: 19882353 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A major hallmark of the terminal stages of apoptosis is the internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. The endonuclease responsible for this type of DNA degradation is the DNA fragmentation factor (DFF). DFF is a complex of the endonuclease DFF40 and its chaperone/inhibitor, DFF45. In vitro work has shown that histone H1 and HMGB1/2 recruit/target DFF40 to the internucleosomal linker regions of chromatin and that histone H1 directly interacts with DFF40 conferring DNA binding ability and enhancing its nuclease activity. The histone H1 family is comprised of many subtypes, which recent work has shown may have distinct roles in chromatin function. Thus we studied the binding association of DFF40 with specific H1 subtypes and whether these binding associations are altered after the induction of apoptosis in an in vivo cellular context. The apoptotic agent used in this study is the histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA). We separated the insoluble chromatin-enriched fraction from the soluble nuclear fraction of the NB4 leukemic cell line. Using MNase digestion, we provide evidence which strongly suggests that the heterodimer, DFF40-DFF45, is localized to the chromatin fraction under apoptotic as well as non-apoptotic conditions. Moreover, we present results that show that DFF40 interacts with the all H1 subtypes used in this study, but preferentially interacts with specific H1 subtypes after the induction of apoptosis by TSA. These results illustrate for the first time the association of DFF40 with individual H1 subtypes, under a specific apoptotic stimulus in an in vivo cellular context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiannis P Ninios
- Institute of Biology, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi, Attikis, Greece
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gómez-Muñoz A, Gangoiti P, Granado MH, Arana L, Ouro A. Ceramide-1-Phosphate in Cell Survival and Inflammatory Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 688:118-30. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6741-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|