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The simultaneous isolation of multiple high and low frequent T-cell populations from donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells using the major histocompatibility complex I-Streptamer isolation technology. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:543-555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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da Silva MB, da Cunha FF, Terra FF, Camara NOS. Old game, new players: Linking classical theories to new trends in transplant immunology. World J Transplant 2017; 7:1-25. [PMID: 28280691 PMCID: PMC5324024 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v7.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary emergence of an efficient immune system has a fundamental role in our survival against pathogenic attacks. Nevertheless, this same protective mechanism may also establish a negative consequence in the setting of disorders such as autoimmunity and transplant rejection. In light of the latter, although research has long uncovered main concepts of allogeneic recognition, immune rejection is still the main obstacle to long-term graft survival. Therefore, in order to define effective therapies that prolong graft viability, it is essential that we understand the underlying mediators and mechanisms that participate in transplant rejection. This multifaceted process is characterized by diverse cellular and humoral participants with innate and adaptive functions that can determine the type of rejection or promote graft acceptance. Although a number of mediators of graft recognition have been described in traditional immunology, recent studies indicate that defining rigid roles for certain immune cells and factors may be more complicated than originally conceived. Current research has also targeted specific cells and drugs that regulate immune activation and induce tolerance. This review will give a broad view of the most recent understanding of the allogeneic inflammatory/tolerogenic response and current insights into cellular and drug therapies that modulate immune activation that may prove to be useful in the induction of tolerance in the clinical setting.
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Vásquez-Montoya GA, Danobeitia JS, Fernández LA, Hernández-Ortiz JP. Computational immuno-biology for organ transplantation and regenerative medicine. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2016; 30:235-46. [PMID: 27296889 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Organ transplantation and regenerative medicine are adopted platforms that provide replacement tissues and organs from natural or engineered sources. Acceptance, tolerance and rejection depend greatly on the proper control of the immune response against graft antigens, motivating the development of immunological and genetical therapies that prevent organ failure. They rely on a complete, or partial, understanding of the immune system. Ultimately, they are innovative technologies that ensure permanent graft tolerance and indefinite graft survival through the modulation of the immune system. Computational immunology has arisen as a tool towards a mechanistic understanding of the biological and physicochemical processes surrounding an immune response. It comprehends theoretical and computational frameworks that simulate immuno-biological systems. The challenge is centered on the multi-scale character of the immune system that spans from atomistic scales, during peptide-epitope and protein interactions, to macroscopic scales, for lymph transport and organ-organ reactions. In this paper, we discuss, from an engineering perspective, the biological processes that are involved during the immune response of organ transplantation. Previous computational efforts, including their characteristics and visible limitations, are described. Finally, future perspectives and challenges are listed to motivate further developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Vásquez-Montoya
- Departamento de Materiales y Minerales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan S Danobeitia
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplantation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Luis A Fernández
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplantation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Juan P Hernández-Ortiz
- Departamento de Materiales y Minerales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia; Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Laboratory for Molecular and Computational Genomics, UW Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Genome-Wide Analysis in Swine Associates Corneal Graft Rejection with Donor-Recipient Mismatches in Three Novel Histocompatibility Regions and One Locus Homologous to the Mouse H-3 Locus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152155. [PMID: 27010211 PMCID: PMC4806994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In rodents, immune responses to minor histocompatibility antigens are the most important drivers of corneal graft rejection. However, this has not been confirmed in humans or in a large animal model and the genetic loci are poorly characterised, even in mice. The gene sequence data now available for a range of relevant species permits the use of genome-wide association (GWA) techniques to identify minor antigens associated with transplant rejection. We have used this technique in a pre-clinical model of corneal transplantation in semi-inbred NIH minipigs and Babraham swine to search for novel minor histocompatibility loci and to determine whether rodent findings have wider applicability. DNA from a cohort of MHC-matched and MHC-mismatched donors and recipients was analysed for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The level of SNP homozygosity for each line was assessed. Genome-wide analysis of the association of SNP disparities with rejection was performed using log-likelihood ratios. Four genomic blocks containing four or more SNPs significantly linked to rejection were identified (on chromosomes 1, 4, 6 and 9), none at the location of the MHC. One block of 36 SNPs spanned a region that exhibits conservation of synteny with the mouse H-3 histocompatibility locus and contains the pig homologue of the mouse Zfp106 gene, which encodes peptide epitopes known to mediate corneal graft rejection. The other three regions are novel minor histocompatibility loci. The results suggest that rejection can be predicted from SNP analysis prior to transplant in this model and that a similar GWA analysis is merited in humans.
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Gock H, Murray-Segal LJ, Winterhalter AC, Aminian A, Moore GTC, Brown SJ, d'Apice AJF, Cowan PJ. Altered glycosylation in donor mice causes rejection of strain-matched skin and heart grafts. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:797-805. [PMID: 24502456 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Differential protein glycosylation in the donor and recipient can have profound consequences for transplanted organs, as evident in ABO-incompatible transplantation and xenotransplantation. In this study, we investigated the impact of altered fucosylation on graft acceptance by using donor mice overexpressing human α1,2-fucosyltransferase (HTF). Skin and heart grafts from HTF transgenic mice were rapidly rejected by otherwise completely matched recipients (median survival times 16 and 14 days, respectively). HTF skin transplanted onto mice lacking T and B cells induced an natural killer cell-mediated innate rejection crisis that affected 50-95% of the graft at 10-20 days. However, in the absence of adaptive immunity, the residual graft recovered and survived long-term (>100 days). Experiments using "parked" grafts or MHC class II-deficient recipients suggested that indirect rather than direct antigen presentation plays a role in HTF skin graft rejection, although the putative antigen(s) was not identified. We conclude that altered glycosylation patterns on donor tissue can trigger a powerful rejection response comprising both innate and adaptive components. This has potential implications for allotransplantation, in light of increasing recognition of the variability of the human glycome, and for xenotransplantation, where carbohydrate remodeling has been a lynchpin of donor genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gock
- Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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Patel SR, Zimring JC. Transfusion-induced bone marrow transplant rejection due to minor histocompatibility antigens. Transfus Med Rev 2013; 27:241-8. [PMID: 24090731 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, alloimmunization to transfused blood products has focused exclusively on recipient antibodies recognizing donor alloantigens present on the cell surface. Accordingly, the immunologic sequelae of alloimmunization have been antibody mediated effects (ie, hemolytic transfusion reactions, platelet refractoriness, anti-HLA and anti-HNA effects, etc). However, in addition to the above sequelae, there is also a correlation between the number of antecedent transfusions in humans and the rate of bone marrow transplant (BMT) rejection-under reduced intensity conditioning with HLA-matched or HLA-identical marrow. Bone marrow transplant of this nature is the only existing cure for a series of nonmalignant hematologic diseases (eg, sickle cell disease, thalassemias, etc); however, rejection remains a clinical problem. It has been hypothesized that transfusion induces subsequent BMT rejection through immunization. Studies in animal models have observed the same effect and have demonstrated that transfusion-induced BMT rejection can occur in response to alloimmunization. However, unlike traditional antibody responses, sensitization in this case results in cellular immune effects, involving populations such as T cell or natural killer cells. In this case, rejection occurs in the absence of alloantibodies and would not be detected by existing immune-hematologic methods. We review human and animal studies in light of the hypothesis that, for distinct clinical populations, enhanced rejection of BMT may be an unappreciated adverse consequence of transfusion, which current blood bank methodologies are unable to detect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema R Patel
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Eckle SBG, Rossjohn J, McCluskey J. Alloreactivity. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1034:3-39. [PMID: 23775729 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-493-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The alloimmune response between individuals genetically disparate for antigens encoded within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) remains a substantial barrier to transplantation of solid organs, tissues, and hematopoietic stem cells. Alloreactivity has been an immunological paradox because of its apparent contradiction to the requirement of MHC restriction for the induction of normal T lymphocyte mediated immune responses. Through crystallographic analyses and experimental systems utilizing murine CD8(+) cytolytic T cell clones, major advances have been achieved in understanding the molecular and structural basis of T cell receptor recognition of MHC-peptide complexes and the basis of T cell mediated alloreactivity. These studies have further provided an explanation for the relatively high frequencies of alloreactive T cells compared to the frequencies of T cells for microbial derived antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidonia B G Eckle
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Migration and activation of T cells during development of graft-versus-host disease in a mouse model. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:713-8. [PMID: 23498811 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the pathophysiologic events in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a major complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS The experimental group included BALB/c female mice conditioned with 8.0 GY total body irradiation that were transplanted with allogeneic C57BL/6 male bone marrow cells (BMCs) plus CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells isolated from green fluorescent protein transgenic (eGFP-Tg) C57BL/6 male mice by the immunomagnetic beads negative sorting method. The control group was transplanted only with C57BL/6 male BMCs. RESULTS GVHD clinical manifestations were present in the BMCs plus T-cell-transplanted group, but not the BMCs alone group. eGFP(+) T cells were observed in recipient organs, including the liver, spleen, intestine, skin, lungs, tongue, kidneys and even the brain. Donor eGFP(+) T cells were significantly increased in liver and spleen before day +4 (P < .05); but decreased in the spleen while still increased in the liver after day +4 (P < .05). CD25 expression of donor eGFP(+) T cells in the liver and spleen, and interleukin (IL)-2 levels in the peripheral blood was significantly increased before day +4 (P < .05), but decreased after day +4 (P < .05). CONCLUSION These data support the donor T-cell migration hypothesis that accompanied by expression of CD25 and IL-2, during the development of GVHD donor T cells migrate to lymphoid organs, such as the spleen, after activation migrating to GVHD target organs to induce GVHD damage.
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Eljaafari A, Yuruker O, Ferrand C, Farre A, Addey C, Tartelin ML, Thomas X, Tiberghien P, Simpson E, Rigal D, Scott D. Isolation of Human CD4/CD8 Double-Positive, Graft-Versus-Host Disease–Protective, Minor Histocompatibility Antigen–Specific Regulatory T Cells and of a Novel HLA-DR7–Restricted HY-Specific CD4 Clone. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 190:184-94. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Emerging role of innate immunity in organ transplantation part III: the quest for transplant tolerance via prevention of oxidative allograft injury and its consequences. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2012; 26:88-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Alonso Arias R, López-Vázquez A, López-Larrea C. Immunology and the challenge of transplantation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 741:27-43. [PMID: 22457101 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-2098-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of tissues or organs between individuals who are not genetically related often leads to rejection by the recipient. The human genes responsible for this process are located on the short arm of the chromosome 6 and are called Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). Six main loci have been identified in the human MHC: HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C belong to the HLA class I, while HLA-DP, HLA-DQ and HLA-DR belong to HLA class II. The physiological function of MHC molecules is to present peptides to the T cells. Indeed, they are integral components of the ligands that recognise most T cells, since the receptor of the T cell (TCR) has specificity for complexes of foreign antigenic peptides, and self-MHC molecules. Thus the proteins of the MHC are responsible for the body being able to distinguish between its own and foreign cells, known as self-tolerance and consequently are the proteins which determine the evolution of transplants. The special case of foreign MHC antigen recognition is known as allorecognition and consists of the capacity of T cells to recognise peptide/MHC complexes with which they have not been in contact during the process of maturation in the thymus. There are two mechanisms of allorecognition, direct and indirect; both can lead to rejection of the transplant. Direct recognition prevails during the first few weeks or months after transplantation, and is caused by the APCs of the donor. These cells start disappearing from the transplanted organ and indirect recognition becomes important. There is evidence that the indirect pathway is sufficient to mediate both acute and chronic rejection. In this chapter we will describe fundamental aspects of the MHC system, as well as, specifically, its involvement in the allogenic response of the immune system against organ transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Alonso Arias
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Pabón M, Navarro C, Martin R, Rodríguez M, Martin I, Gaitán L, Gómez A, Lozano E. Minor Histocompatibility Antigens as Risk Factor for Poor Prognosis in Kidney Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:3319-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sellami MH, Chaabane M, Kaabi H, Torjemane L, Ladeb S, Ben Othmane T, Hmida S. Do FY antigens act as minor histocompatibility antigens in the graft-versus-host disease paradigm after human leukocyte antigen-identical sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation? DNA Cell Biol 2011; 31:331-6. [PMID: 21770738 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2011.1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
FY antigens are candidate minor histocompatibility antigens relevant to renal allograft rejection, but no data have been reported about their role in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) incidence after human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical siblings hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of donor/recipient disparity at FY antigens on the incidence of GVHD in Tunisian patients receiving an HLA-identical HSCT. This work enrolled 105 Tunisian pairs of recipients and their HLA-identical sibling donors of HSCs. FY genotyping was performed with the polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer method and donor/recipient disparity for these antigens was analyzed at two levels: incompatibility and nonidentity. The case-control analyses showed no significant correlation between FY disparity and the incidence of either acute or chronic GVHD. Sample size calculation showed that 572 cases and 1716 controls would be necessary to be able to detect a significant association with 80% power and two-sided type I error level of 5% (α=0.05). The lack of association in the studied cohort may be explained by the low immunogenicity of FY antigens in HSCT context, compared with other antigens such as HA-1 and CD31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hichem Sellami
- The Immunogenetic Applied to Cells Therapy Research Unit, The Immunohaematology and HLA-Typing Department, National Blood Transfusion Centre of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Coronary artery disease from isolated non-H2-determined incompatibilities in transplanted mouse hearts. Transplantation 2011; 91:847-52. [PMID: 21378606 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3182122f82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies of vascular disease in transplanted organs have used combinations involving disparities determined by genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). This report describes examples of coronary vascular disease occurring in transplanted mouse hearts involving isolated, non-H2-determined incompatibilities. METHODS Mice, incompatible in respect of HY, H4, or H60, were selected. For H60, the incompatibility depended on breeding congenic pairs or the introduction of H60 by transgenic methods because the latter method results in more widespread expression. Transplant survival was determined, and the appearance and prevalence of coronary artery vasculopathy (CAV) was established by appropriate histologic methods. RESULTS Advanced changes of CAV were found at 56 days in transplants involving incompatibilities confined to HY or H4. In both combinations, skin grafts were also rejected. H60 incompatibility does not result in skin graft rejection and only a minority of heart transplants shows evidence of CAV. If heart transplants are preceded by skin grafts bearing both H60 and HY incompatibilities to promote "help" in generating immunity, H60 incompatible hearts develop advanced CAV. Heart transplants in all non-MHC categories ostensibly survive in excellent condition throughout this period despite their CAV. CONCLUSIONS CAV can develop as a consequence of non-MHC incompatibilities alone and even when antigens are sparsely expressed on cardiac tissue. Presensitization leads to much more severe vascular disease. Human leukocyte antigen compatible kidney transplants may also develop vascular disease and patients manifesting reactivity to MHC antigens should also be more prone to develop vascular disease because of undetectable non-MHC incompatibilities.
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Pomahac B, Nowinski D, Diaz-Siso JR, Bueno EM, Talbot SG, Sinha I, Westvik TS, Vyas R, Singhal D. Face Transplantation. Curr Probl Surg 2011; 48:293-357. [DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Derbyshire K, Addey C, Coe D, Stuckey DW, Muezzin H, Bubier JA, Shaffer DJ, Roopenian DC, Chai JG, Scott DM. Molecular mechanisms of induction of antigen-specific allograft tolerance by intranasal peptide administration. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:5719-28. [PMID: 21490154 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that intranasal (i.n.) administration of a single MHC class II-restricted HY peptide to female mice induces tolerance to up to five additional epitopes expressed on test male grafts, a phenomenon known as linked suppression. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms involved both in the induction phase following peptide administration and during linked suppression after grafting. We report that following initial i.n. administration, peptide is widely disseminated and is presented by functionally immature dendritic cells. These fail to cause optimal stimulation of the responding HY-specific CD4(+) T cells that express genes characteristic of regulatory T cells. Following i.n. peptide plus LPS administration, causing immunization, HY-specific CD4(+) T cells express genes characteristic of activated T cells. We further find that following male skin grafting, HY-specific CD8(+) T cells from peptide-treated tolerant mice display both quantitative and qualitative differences compared with similar cells from untreated mice that reject their grafts. In tolerant mice there are fewer HY-specific CD8(+) cells and they express several genes characteristic of exhausted T cells. Furthermore, associated with specific chemokine receptor and integrin expression, HY-specific CD8(+) T cells show more limited migration from the graft draining lymph node into other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Derbyshire
- Section of Immunobiology, Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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The Role of Direct Presentation by Donor Dendritic Cells in Rejection of Minor Histocompatibility Antigen-Mismatched Skin and Hematopoietic Cell Grafts. Transplantation 2011; 91:154-60. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e318201ac27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Thangavelu G, Murphy KM, Yagita H, Boon L, Anderson CC. The role of co-inhibitory signals in spontaneous tolerance of weakly mismatched transplants. Immunobiology 2011; 216:918-24. [PMID: 21281982 PMCID: PMC4030676 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 01/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The immune system of female H-2(b) (C57BL/6) mice is a strong responder against the male minor-H antigen. However rejection or acceptance of such weakly mismatched grafts depends on the type of tissue transplanted. The mechanism responsible for such spontaneous graft acceptance, and its relationship to the natural mechanisms of tolerance of self antigens is unknown. Co-inhibitory molecules negatively regulate immune responses, and are important for self tolerance. We examined whether co-inhibitory molecules play a critical role in "spontaneous" allograft tolerance. Naïve or donor sensitized diabetic female C57BL/6 (B6) wild type (WT), PD-1(-/-), and BTLA(-/-) mice were transplanted with freshly isolated syngeneic male islet grafts. The role of co-inhibitors during priming of anti-donor responses and graft challenge was also assessed using monoclonal antibodies targeting co-inhibitory receptors. Among the co-inhibitor (CTLA-4, PD-1) specific antibodies tested, only anti-PD-1 showed some potential to prevent spontaneous acceptance of male islet grafts. All BTLA(-/-) and almost all PD-1(-/-) recipients maintained the ability to spontaneously accept male islet grafts. While spontaneous graft acceptance in naïve recipients was only weakly PD-1 dependent, tolerance induced by the accepted islets was found to be highly PD-1 dependent. Furthermore, spontaneous graft acceptance in pre-sensitized recipients showed an absolute requirement for recipient PD-1 but not BTLA. Thus, the PD-1 pathway, involved in self tolerance, plays a critical role in spontaneous tolerance induced by weakly mismatched grafts in naïve recipients and spontaneous graft acceptance in pre-sensitized recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindarajan Thangavelu
- Department of Surgery Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Kenneth M. Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Colin C. Anderson
- Department of Surgery Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
- Address correspondence to: Colin C. Anderson, 5-126A Li Ka Shing Centre, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1 Tel: 780-492-6036 Fax: 780-492-5348
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Extracorporeal photopheresis attenuates murine graft-versus-host disease via bone marrow-derived interleukin-10 and preserves responses to dendritic cell vaccination. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2011; 17:790-9. [PMID: 21216299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.12.712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is emerging as a therapy for graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD), but the full mechanism of action and the impact on immunity have not been fully established. After murine minor histocompatibility antigen-mismatched bone marrow (BM) transplantation (allo-BMT), coinfusion of ECP-treated splenocytes with T cell-replete BM attenuated GVHD irrespective of the donor strain of the ECP-treated splenocytes, and was associated with increased numbers of regulatory T cells. Coculture of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) with ECP-treated splenocytes resulted in increased interleukin (IL)-10 production after submaximal stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, male myeloid DCs exposed to ECP-treated splenocytes were less potent at inducing CD8(+) HY responses when used as a vaccine in vivo. The efficacy of ECP-treated splenocytes was enhanced when administered just before delayed donor lymphocyte infusion following T cell-depleted allo-BMT, allowing for the administration of sufficient numbers of T cells to respond to myeloid DC vaccination in the absence of a thymus. Finally, the therapeutic effect of ECP-treated splenocytes was lost in recipients of IL-10-deficient BM. We demonstrate that ECP-treated splenocytes attenuate GVHD irrespective of the source of ECP-treated cells via a mechanism that likely involves modulation of DCs and requires IL-10 produced by BM-derived cells. Importantly, the attenuation of GVHD by ECP-treated splenocytes permits donor lymphocyte infusion-dependent responses to DC vaccines after allo-BMT.
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Manzo T, Hess Michelini R, Basso V, Ricupito A, Chai JG, Simpson E, Bellone M, Mondino A. Concurrent allorecognition has a limited impact on posttransplant vaccination. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:1361-8. [PMID: 21209285 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells with or without immunocompetent lymphocytes has proved a successful strategy in the treatment of hematological malignancies. We have recently shown that this approach can also cure mouse prostate cancer, provided that it is combined with tumor-specific vaccination. Whether the response to alloantigens acts by providing helper function to enhance vaccine-specific responses or in other ways impinges on vaccine immunogenicity remains to be clarified, and this question is of clinical relevance. In this study, we have addressed this issue by comparing the immunogenicity of dendritic cells pulsed with a peptide derived from a tumor/viral model Ag in recipients of donor cells either syngeneic to the host or differing for either Y-encoded or multiple minor H antigens. We report that vaccination elicits comparable proliferation and differentiation of peptide-specific CD8(+) T cells despite concurrent expansion and differentiation of minor H antigen-specific IFN-γ effector T cells. Depletion of alloreactive CD4(+) T cells reduced alloreactivity but not vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cell priming, suggesting that alloresponses do not provide helper functions in peripheral lymphoid tissues. Vaccine-mediated T cell priming was also preserved in the case of multiple minor H antigen disparities, prone to graft-versus-host disease. Thus, in the context of nonmyeloablative allotransplantation aimed at restoring an effective tumor-specific T cell repertoire, minor H antigen-specific T cells do not interfere with vaccine-induced T cell priming, supporting the notion that posttransplant vaccination is a valuable strategy to boost tumor and pathogen-specific protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Manzo
- Program in Immunology and Bio-Immuno-gene therapy of Cancer, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Dellabona P, Casorati G, de Lalla C, Montagna D, Locatelli F. On the use of donor-derived iNKT cells for adoptive immunotherapy to prevent leukemia recurrence in pediatric recipients of HLA haploidentical HSCT for hematological malignancies. Clin Immunol 2010; 140:152-9. [PMID: 21185785 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
T-cell-depleted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from an HLA haploidentical relative (hHSCT) is a useful therapy for children with high-risk leukemia lacking suitable HLA-matched donors. The immune deficiency ensuing hHSCT renders patients susceptible to life-threatening infections and disease recurrence. Adoptive immunotherapy can restore/enhance early post-transplantation immunocompetence of hHSCT recipients. Efforts are directed to identify strategies for inducing graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) response, while avoiding graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurrence. CD1d-restricted invariant iNKT cells are innate-like, lipid-reactive T lymphocytes implicated in the control of innate and adaptive immunity. Preclinical data suggest that iNKT cells positively modulate both GVL response and GVHD. Our recent findings in a cohort of 22 children given hHSCT for different hematological malignancies show that failure to reconstitute iNKT cells after transplantation correlates with leukemia relapse. In this review, we will discuss potential new options for adoptively transferring donor-derived iNKT cells into hHSCT recipients in the early post-transplantation period to prevent disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
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Sellami MH, Torjemane L, Espadas de Arias A, Kaabi H, Ladeb S, Ben Othman T, Poli F, Hmida S. Mismatch for the Minor Histocompatibility Antigen HA-2 and GVHD Occurrence in HLA-A*0201-positive Tunisian Recipients of HSCs. Immunol Invest 2010; 39:611-20. [DOI: 10.3109/08820131003775029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Baruah P, Simpson E, Dumitriu IE, Derbyshire K, Coe D, Addey C, Dyson J, Chai JG, Cook T, Scott D, Botto M. Mice lacking C1q or C3 show accelerated rejection of minor H disparate skin grafts and resistance to induction of tolerance. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:1758-67. [PMID: 20213737 PMCID: PMC2988415 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200940158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2009] [Revised: 01/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Complement activation is known to have deleterious effects on organ transplantation. On the other hand, the complement system is also known to have an important role in regulating immune responses. The balance between these two opposing effects is critical in the context of transplantation. Here, we report that female mice deficient in C1q (C1qa(-/-)) or C3 (C3(-/-)) reject male syngeneic grafts (HY incompatible) at an accelerated rate compared with WT mice. Intranasal HY peptide administration, which induces tolerance to syngeneic male grafts in WT mice, fails to induce tolerance in C1qa(-/-) or C3(-/-) mice. The rejection of the male grafts correlated with the presence of HY D(b)Uty-specific CD8(+) T cells. Consistent with this, peptide-treated C1qa(-/-) and C3(-/-) female mice rejecting male grafts exhibited more antigen-specific CD8(+)IFN-gamma(+) and CD8(+)IL-10(+) cells compared with WT females. This suggests that accumulation of IFN-gamma- and IL-10-producing T cells may play a key role in mediating the ongoing inflammatory process and graft rejection. Interestingly, within the tolerized male skin grafts of peptide-treated WT mice, IFN-gamma, C1q and C3 mRNA levels were higher compared to control female grafts. These results suggest that C1q and C3 facilitate the induction of intranasal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Baruah
- Rheumatology Section, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonHammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Simpson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonHammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Ingrid E Dumitriu
- Rheumatology Section, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonHammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Katy Derbyshire
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonHammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - David Coe
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonHammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Caroline Addey
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonHammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Julian Dyson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonHammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Jian-Guo Chai
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonHammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Terence Cook
- Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonHammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Diane Scott
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonHammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Marina Botto
- Rheumatology Section, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonHammersmith Campus, London, UK
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Issa F, Schiopu A, Wood KJ. Role of T cells in graft rejection and transplantation tolerance. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 6:155-69. [PMID: 20383898 DOI: 10.1586/eci.09.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage organ failure, but organ survival is limited by immune rejection and the side effects of immunosuppressive regimens. T cells are central to the process of transplant rejection through allorecognition of foreign antigens leading to their activation, and the orchestration of an effector response that results in organ damage. Long-term transplant acceptance in the absence of immunosuppressive therapy remains the ultimate goal in the field of transplantation and many studies are exploring potential therapies. One promising cellular therapy is the use of regulatory T cells to induce a state of donor-specific tolerance to the transplant. This article first discusses the role of T cells in transplant rejection, with a focus on the mechanisms of allorecognition and the alloresponse. This is followed by a detailed review of the current progress in the field of regulatory T-cell therapy in transplantation and the translation of this therapy to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Issa
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
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Hess Michelini R, Freschi M, Manzo T, Jachetti E, Degl'Innocenti E, Grioni M, Basso V, Bonini C, Simpson E, Mondino A, Bellone M. Concomitant tumor and minor histocompatibility antigen-specific immunity initiate rejection and maintain remission from established spontaneous solid tumors. Cancer Res 2010; 70:3505-14. [PMID: 20388780 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonmyeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation can cure patients with hematologic malignancies but has reported limited success against solid tumors. This is possibly because of profound peripheral tolerance mechanisms and/or suboptimal tumor recognition by effector T lymphocytes. We report that in mice developing spontaneous prostate cancer, nonmyeloablative minor histocompatibility mismatched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and donor lymphocyte infusion of unmanipulated lymphocytes combined with posttransplant tumor-specific vaccination circumvents tumor-specific tolerance, allowing acute tumor rejection and the establishment of protective immunosurveillance. Although donor-derived tumor-specific T cells readily differentiated into effector cells and infiltrated the tumor soon after infusion, they were alone insufficient for tumor eradication, which instead required the concomitance of minor histocompatibiltiy antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses. The establishment of protective immunosurveillance was best induced by posttransplant tumor-specific vaccination. Hence, these results provide the proof of principle that tumor-specific T-cell responses have to be harnessed together with minor histocompatibility responses and sustained by posttransplant tumor-specific vaccination to improve the efficacy of allotransplantion for the cure of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Hess Michelini
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Cellular Immunology Unit, Pathology Unit, Experimental Hematology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and Universita Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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27
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Escande-Beillard N, Washburn L, Zekzer D, Wu ZP, Eitan S, Ivkovic S, Lu Y, Dang H, Middleton B, Bilousova TV, Yoshimura Y, Evans CJ, Joyce S, Tian J, Kaufman DL. Neurons preferentially respond to self-MHC class I allele products regardless of peptide presented. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2010; 184:816-23. [PMID: 20018625 PMCID: PMC2997386 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies of mice lacking MHC class I (MHC I)-associated proteins have demonstrated a role for MHC I in neurodevelopment. A central question arising from these observations is whether neuronal recognition of MHC I has specificity for the MHC I allele product and the peptide presented. Using a well-established embryonic retina explant system, we observed that picomolar levels of a recombinant self-MHC I molecule inhibited neurite outgrowth. We then assessed the neurobiological activity of a panel of recombinant soluble MHC Is, consisting of different MHC I heavy chains with a defined self- or nonself-peptide presented, on cultured embryonic retinas from mice with different MHC I haplotypes. We observed that self-MHC I allele products had greater inhibitory neuroactivity than nonself-MHC I molecules, regardless of the nature of the peptide presented, a pattern akin to MHC I recognition by some innate immune system receptors. However, self-MHC I molecules had no effect on retinas from MHC I-deficient mice. These observations suggest that neuronal recognition of MHC I may be coordinated with the inherited MHC I alleles, as occurs in the innate immune system. Consistent with this notion, we show that MHC I and MHC I receptors are coexpressed by precursor cells at the earliest stages of retina development, which could enable such coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Escande-Beillard
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
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28
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Sellami MH, Torjemane L, Arias AED, Kaabi H, Ladeb S, Poli F, Othmane TB, Hmida S. Does minor histocompatibility antigen HA-1 disparity affect the occurrence of graft-versus-host disease in tunisian recipients of hematopoietic stem cells? Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2010; 65:1099-103. [PMID: 21243279 PMCID: PMC2999702 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322010001100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Minor histocompatibility antigen HA-1 (MiHAg-HA-1) disparity between a patient and his or her human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genoidentical donor has been widely associated with an increased risk of graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of HA-1 disparity on the incidence of both acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease in Tunisian recipients of hematopoietic stem cells. METHODS A total of 60 patients and their 60 respective sibling hematopoietic stem cell donors were enrolled in this study. All patients prophylactically received cyclosporine A and/or methotrexate for graft-versus-host disease. An HA-1 genotyping assay was performed with the SSP-PCR method, and HLA-A*0201- and/or HLA-A*0206-positive samples were identified using the Luminex HLA typing method. RESULTS The Luminex HLA typing assay showed that 54 patients were positive for either the HLA-A*0201 or HLA-A*0206 alleles. Among these cases, six pairs were mismatched for MiHAg-HA-1. Both acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease occurred in four mismatched patients (Fisher's p-values were 0.044 and 0.170, respectively). A univariate logistic regression model analysis showed that only acute graft-versus-host disease may be affected by recipient MiHAg-HA-1 disparity (p: 0.041, OR: 6.727), while chronic graft-versus-host disease correlates with both age and recipient/donor sex mismatch (p: 0.014, OR: 8.556 and p: 0.033, OR: 8.664, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings support previously reported data suggesting a significant association between HA-1 disparity and the risk of acute graft-versus-host disease following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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29
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Fan Y, Rudert WA, Grupillo M, He J, Sisino G, Trucco M. Thymus-specific deletion of insulin induces autoimmune diabetes. EMBO J 2009; 28:2812-24. [PMID: 19680229 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2009.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin expression in the thymus has been implicated in regulating the negative selection of autoreactive T cells and in mediating the central immune tolerance towards pancreatic beta-cells. To further explore the function of this ectopic insulin expression, we knocked out the mouse Ins2 gene specifically in the Aire-expressing medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), without affecting its expression in the beta-cells. When further crossed to the Ins1 knockout background, both male and female pups (designated as ID-TEC mice for insulin-deleted mTEC) developed diabetes spontaneously around 3 weeks after birth. beta-cell-specific autoimmune destruction was observed, as well as islet-specific T cell infiltration. The presence of insulin-specific effector T cells was shown using ELISPOT assays and adoptive T cell transfer experiments. Results from thymus transplantation experiments proved further that depletion of Ins2 expression in mTECs was sufficient to break central tolerance and induce anti-insulin autoimmunity. Our observations may explain the rare cases of type 1 diabetes onset in very young children carrying diabetes-resistant HLA class II alleles. ID-TEC mice could serve as a new model for studying this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fan
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Rangos Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
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30
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Patel SR, Cadwell CM, Medford A, Zimring JC. Transfusion of minor histocompatibility antigen-mismatched platelets induces rejection of bone marrow transplants in mice. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:2787-94. [PMID: 19726874 DOI: 10.1172/jci39590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) represents a cure for nonmalignant hematological disorders. However, compared with the stringent conditioning regimens used when performing BMT to treat hematological malignancies, the reduced intensity conditioning regimen used in the context of nonmalignant hematological disorders leads to substantially higher rates of BMT rejection, presumably due to an intact immune system. The relevant patient population typically receives transfusion support, often including platelets, and the frequency of BMT rejection correlates with the frequency of transfusion. Here, we demonstrate that immunity to transfused platelets contributes to subsequent BMT rejection in mice, even when the BMT donor and recipient are MHC matched. We used MHC-matched bone marrow because, although immunity to transfused platelets is best characterized in relation to HLA-specific antibodies, such antibodies are unlikely to play a role in clinical BMT rejection that is HLA matched. However, bone marrow is not matched in the clinic for minor histocompatibility antigens, such as those carried by platelets, and we report that transfusion of minor histocompatibility antigen-mismatched platelets induced subsequent BMT rejection. These findings indicate previously unappreciated sequelae of immunity to platelets in the context of transplantation and suggest that strategies to account for minor histocompatibility mismatching may help to reduce the chance of BMT rejection in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema R Patel
- Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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31
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Sireci G, Barera A, Macaluso P, Di Sano C, Bonanno CT, Pio La Manna M, Di Liberto D, Dieli F, Salerno A. A continuous infusion of a minor histocompatibility antigen–immunodominant peptide induces a delay of male skin graft rejection. Immunobiology 2009; 214:703-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gerrits JH, van de Wetering J, Drabbels JJ, IJzermans JNM, Claas FHJ, Weimar W, van Besouw NM. Non-HLA T-cell reactivity during the first year after HLA-identical living-related kidney transplantation. Clin Transplant 2009; 23:740-7. [PMID: 19563488 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009.01014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that donor-reactive T-cell responses may decrease during the first year after HLA-mismatched organ transplantation. We wondered whether donor-reactive T-cell responses directed to minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAgs) or other non-HLA antigens also decrease after HLA-identical living-related (LR) kidney transplantation. METHODS We studied donor-reactive T-cell responses by IFN-gamma and granzyme B (GrB) Elispot assays in 15 HLA-identical LR kidney transplant recipients before, six months and one yr after transplantation. Third-party reactivity was used as control. Patient and donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells were typed for 11 known mHAgs. RESULTS During the study period, 60% and 36% of the patients demonstrated donor-reactive IFN-gamma and GrB producing cells (pc), respectively. The number of donor-reactive IFN-gamma and GrB pc was significantly lower than the number of third-party reactive IFN-gamma and GrB pc. After transplantation, donor-reactivity and third-party reactivity were comparable to pre-transplant values. No relation was found in mHAg mismatches between donor and recipient and donor-reactive T-cell response. CONCLUSIONS Donor-reactivity could be detected before and after HLA-identical LR kidney transplantation, but was not related with the number of mHAg mismatches, and did not decrease after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen H Gerrits
- Department of Internal Medicine-Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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C1q enhances IFN-gamma production by antigen-specific T cells via the CD40 costimulatory pathway on dendritic cells. Blood 2009; 113:3485-93. [PMID: 19171874 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-06-164392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are known to produce C1q, the initiator of the classical complement pathway. We demonstrate that murine DCs deficient in C1q (C1qa(-/-)) are poorer than wild-type (WT) DCs at eliciting the proliferation and Th1 differentiation of antigen-specific T cells. These defects result from decreased production of IL-12p70 by C1qa(-/-) DCs and impaired expression of costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 in response to CD40 ligation. The defective production of IL-12p70 and the reduced expression of CD80 and CD86 by C1qa(-/-) DCs were specifically mediated via CD40 ligation, as normal levels of IL-12p70 and CD80/86 were observed after ligation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on C1qa(-/-) DCs. CD40 ligation on C1qa(-/-) DCs, but not TLR ligation, results in decreased phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 kinases. A strong colocalization of CD40 and C1q was observed by confocal microscopy upon CD40 ligation (but not TLR ligation) on DCs. Furthermore, human DCs from 2 C1q-deficient patients were found to have impaired IL-12p70 production in response to CD40L stimulation. Our novel data suggest that C1q augments the production of IL-12p70 by mouse and human DCs after CD40 triggering and plays important roles in sustaining the maturation of DCs and guiding the activation of T cells.
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Selective depletion of alloreactive T lymphocytes using patient-derived nonhematopoietic stimulator cells in allograft engineering. Transplantation 2008; 86:1427-35. [PMID: 19034014 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31818810d6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective depletion of alloreactive T cells in vitro results in efficient graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis in allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, but it is accompanied by increased recurrence of leukemia. To spare donor T-cell-mediated graft-versus-leukemia immunity against hematopoiesis-restricted minor histocompatibility (minor-H) antigens, we explored the use of patient-derived nonhematopoietic antigen-presenting cells (APC) as allogeneic stimulators for selective allodepletion in leukemia-reactive donor T-cell lines. METHODS Primary keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and bone marrow fibroblasts were generated from skin biopsies and diagnostic bone marrow aspirates of acute myeloid leukemia patients in vitro. Cell cultures were analyzed for expansion, phenotype, and immunostimulatory capacity in comparison with CD40-activated B cells as professional APC. In addition, nonhematopoietic APCs were used for selective allodepletion in vitro. RESULTS Patient-derived fibroblasts could be reliably expanded to large cell numbers, whereas keratinocytes had limited growth potential. Interferon-gamma-pretreated fibroblasts showed increased expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-class I and II molecules, CD40, and CD54. Fibroblasts and CD40-activated B cells comparably stimulated HLA-A*0301-specific CD8 T cells after transient expression of HLA-A*0301 as a model alloantigen. Finally, fibroblasts could be effectively applied to selectively deplete alloreactivity within leukemia-reactive donor CD8 T-cell lines by targeting the activation-induced antigen CD137. CONCLUSIONS Primary fibroblasts can be efficiently used as allogeneic nonhematopoietic APC for selective depletion of donor T cells reactive to HLA and ubiquitously expressed minor-H antigen disparities in leukemia-stimulated CD8 T-cell lines. Therefore, harnessing alloreactivity to hematopoietic minor-H antigens in addition to leukemia-associated antigens might increase graft-versus-leukemia immunity of donor lymphocyte grafts in allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.
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Pancreatic Islets Induce CD4+CD25−Foxp3+ T-Cell Regulated Tolerance to HY-Mismatched Skin Grafts. Transplantation 2008; 86:1352-60. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31818aa43c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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T-cells behaving badly: structural insights into alloreactivity and autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2008; 20:575-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Moncrieffe H, Coles M, Stockinger B. The influence of CD4 T-cell subsets on control of CD4 T-cell-mediated graft-versus-host disease. Immunology 2008; 125:459-68. [PMID: 18498346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02866.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we tested the effect of different T-cell subpopulations on antigen driven effector cell expansion in lymphopenic hosts, making use of an experimental model of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Fluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) naïve CD4 T cells from C57BL/6 mice, transferred into lymphopenic F1 (C57BL/6 x BALB/c) Rag-deficient hosts, proliferated extensively and migrated systemically causing acute GVHD within 4 weeks after transfer. Adoptive hosts of CD4 memory T cells on the other hand developed milder symptoms of GVHD with later onset. T-cell expansion and migration to peripheral sites as well as development of GVHD were prevented when naïve T cells were transferred together with CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells, but co-transfer of memory T cells with naïve T cells could not prevent GVHD, although its onset was delayed. OX40, a costimulatory marker that is upregulated at an early time point after T-cell activation and enhances T-cell proliferation, cytokine secretion and survival, was strongly upregulated during GVH responses. Naïve T cells deficient in OX40 expression caused markedly reduced GVH in onset and severity despite some level of expansion in the adoptive host, suggesting an important role of this molecule in the immune pathology of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halima Moncrieffe
- Division of Molecular Immunology, The MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK.
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38
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Sarić T, Frenzel LP, Hescheler J. Immunological barriers to embryonic stem cell-derived therapies. Cells Tissues Organs 2008; 188:78-90. [PMID: 18303241 DOI: 10.1159/000118784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Replacement of diseased tissues with healthy cells derived from embryonic stem (ES) cells has a potential to become, in the future, a better alternative to current treatments of a number of conditions characterized by irreversible tissue injury, such as heart and liver failure, diabetes mellitus and neurodegeneration. However, several obstacles have to be overcome before this new therapeutic modality becomes part of a standard clinical practice. First of all, ethical and safety issues have to be resolved, the methodologies must be developed to enable obtaining sufficient amounts of differentiated cells, and the immune rejection of allogeneic cells must be prevented in order to ensure their long-term engraftment and function. Data on immunological properties of human and murine ES cells and their differentiated derivatives are controversial, ranging from those claiming unique immune-privileged properties for ES cells to those which refute these conclusions. This indicates that much more research is required to definitively understand the immunological features and engraftment capacity of ES cell derivatives. We review here the current state of the art in this new and exciting field of ES cell immunology and discuss the implications of these findings for the development of ES cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Sarić
- Center for Physiology, Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Induction of antigen-specific regulatory T cells in wild-type mice: visualization and targets of suppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:3479-84. [PMID: 18299571 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0800149105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific transplantation tolerance in the absence of immunosuppressive drugs is a rarely achieved goal. Immune responses to Y chromosome-encoded transplantation antigens (HY) can have life-threatening consequences in the clinic. Here, we have adopted a procedure developed in T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-transgenic mice to convert naïve T cells into male-specific Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in WT female mice. For this purpose, female mice were infused by osmotic minipumps with a single class II MHC-presented HY peptide and Tregs visualized by tetramer staining. As a result, animals developed Treg-mediated long-term tolerance to all HY transplantation antigens, irrespective of whether they were recognized by CD4 or CD8 T cells, on skin or hematopoietic grafts from male donors.
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Lister J, Gryn JF, McQueen KL, Harris DT, Rossetti JM, Shadduck RK. Multiple unit HLA-unmatched sex-mismatched umbilical cord blood transplantation for advanced hematological malignancy. Stem Cells Dev 2007; 16:177-86. [PMID: 17348813 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2006.06500-hb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of multiple-unit umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation on engraftment in the setting of severe human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch. Ten poor-risk adult patients with hematological malignancy received multiple unit, HLA-unmatched, sex-mismatched, unrelated UCB transplantation after a reduced intensity-conditioning regimen (RICR) with engraftment as the primary endpoint. The median age of the patients was 55 years with a range of 28-67. Patients received one unit of UCB per 10 kg of recipient body weight (5-7 units). The median number of nucleated cells and CD34(+) cells per kilogram of recipient body weight infused was 6.3 x 10(7) (range 3.8-10.0) (NC/kg) and 5.7 x 10(5) (range 1.1-11.9) (CD34/kg), respectively. Three patients expired before day 28 and were not evaluable for engraftment. Five of the remaining 7 patients showed increasing neutrophil counts. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for the Y chromosome or HLA-typing showed only donor cells in the peripheral blood. After engraftment, HLA typing was done on 3 patients and their infused UCB units. All revealed the presence of a single HLA type concordant with one of the infused units. Moreover, the order of infusion did not influence which UCB unit engrafted. The engrafting UCB units were infused first or second in one case and fourth in the other two. One patient transplanted for refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survives in continuous complete remission 4 years after transplant. He engrafted with one UCB unit, is fully hematologically reconstituted, has no evidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and takes no immunosuppressive medication. HLA typing reveals that the recipient and the engrafted cord blood match at only one HLA-B locus using conventional 6 antigen typing (A, B, and DR). Although engraftment was not accelerated, it did occur in the majority of evaluable patients. Long-term disease-free survivorship without debilitating GVHD is possible in patients with refractory hematological malignancy who receive unmatched multiple unit UCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Lister
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Western Pennsylvania Hospital and Western Pennsylvania Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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Afzali B, Lechler RI, Hernandez-Fuentes MP. Allorecognition and the alloresponse: clinical implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 69:545-56. [PMID: 17498264 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The artificial transfer of tissues or cells between genetically diverse individuals elicits an immune response that is adaptive and specific. This response is orchestrated by T lymphocytes that are recognizing, amongst others, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules expressed on the surface of the transferred cells. Three pathways of recognition are described: direct, indirect and semi-direct. The sets of antigens that are recognized in this setting are also discussed, namely, MHC protein products, the MHC class I-related chain (MIC) system, minor histocompatibility antigens and natural killer cell receptor ligands. The end product of the effector responses are hyperacute, acute and chronic rejection. Special circumstances surround the situation of pregnancy and bone marrow transplantation because in the latter, the transferred cells are the ones originating the immune response, not the host. As the understanding of these processes improves, the ability to generate clinically viable immunotherapies will increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Afzali
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, UK
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42
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Abstract
Although the T-cell response to allogeneic cells is typically regarded as a detrimental phenomenon responsible for rejection of transplanted allografts and graft-vs.-host disease following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, beneficial components also exist within the alloreactive population. Alloreactive T cells specific for tumour antigens can contribute to the elimination of malignant cells, and alloantigen-specific regulatory T cells can promote transplant tolerance. The challenge is to separate the good from the bad. We review how the identification, isolation and manipulation of beneficial alloreactive T cells has grown from a greater understanding of the molecular basis of the T-cell alloresponse and how alloaggression could be exploited for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Barber
- The Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London, UK.
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43
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Rice J, Dunn S, Piper K, Buchan SL, Moss PA, Stevenson FK. DNA fusion vaccines induce epitope-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells against human leukemia-associated minor histocompatibility antigens. Cancer Res 2006; 66:5436-42. [PMID: 16707472 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-3130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The graft-versus-leukemia effect of allogeneic stem-cell transplantation is believed to be mediated by T-cell recognition of minor histocompatibility antigens on recipient cells. For minor histocompatibility antigens HA-1 and HA-2, normal cell expression is restricted to hemopoietic cells, and boosting the immune response to these antigens may potentiate graft-versus-leukemia effect without accompanying graft-versus-host disease. To increase efficacy, expansion of HA-1- or HA-2-specific CTL before transplantation is desirable. However, primary HA-1- or HA-2-specific CTL expanded in vitro are often of low avidity. An alternative approach is to prime specific CTL responses in vivo by vaccination. Clearly, donor vaccination must be safe and specific. We have developed DNA fusion vaccines able to induce high levels of epitope-specific CTL using linked CD4(+) T-cell help. The vaccines incorporate a domain of tetanus toxin (DOM) fused to a sequence encoding a candidate MHC class I binding peptide. This design generates antitumor CD8(+) T-cell responses and protective immunity in preclinical models. For clinical application, we constructed vaccines encoding HLA-A*0201-restricted peptides from human HA-1 and HA-2, which were fused to DOM, and tested their performance in HLA-A*0201-transgenic mice. Priming induced epitope-specific, IFNgamma-producing CD8(+) T cells with cytotoxic function boosted to high levels with electroporation. Strikingly, these mouse T cells efficiently killed human lymphoblastoid cell lines expressing endogenous HA-1 or HA-2. High avidity is indicated by the independence of cytolysis from CD8/MHC class I interaction. These safe epitope-specific vaccines offer a potential strategy to prime HA-1- or HA-2-specific CTL in transplant donors before adoptive transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Rice
- Molecular Immunology Group, Southampton University Hospitals Trust, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom.
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44
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Zimring JC, Hair GA, Deshpande SS, Horan JT. Immunization to minor histocompatibility antigens on transfused RBCs through crosspriming into recipient MHC class I pathways. Blood 2006; 107:187-9. [PMID: 16123213 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-07-3059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Increased rates of graft rejection after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) are observed in patients whose illnesses— such as sickle cell disease, thalassemia, and aplastic anemia—necessitate chronic transfusion before BMT. Because BM transplants in these patients are routinely HLA matched, any immunization responsible for increased rejection is likely against minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAs). It has been assumed that contaminating leukocytes in red blood cell (RBC) units are the main sources of immunization to mHAs. However, in this report, we demonstrate that antigens on donor RBCs are presented in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I pathway of recipient antigen-presenting cells, resulting in activation and expansion of recipient CD8+ T cells specific for donor mHAs. Given that human hematopoietic progenitor cells express many of the known mHAs, this observation provides a mechanism by which chronic transfusion of even stringently leukoreduced RBCs may result in sufficient mHA immunization to increase the frequency of BMT rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Zimring
- Transfusion Medicine Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Woodruff Memorial Bldg, Ste 7301, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Abstract
Disease relapse remains the major cause of treatment failure in adults with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). This reflects both the failure of current salvage regimens and the absence of effective strategies to secure long-term disease-free survival in those patients who achieve a second remission. Recent progress in understanding the pathogenesis of relapsed disease has enabled the identification of a variety of dysregulated molecular pathways and these now provide a rational basis for the design of novel targeted therapies. At the same time, advances in allogeneic stem-cell transplantation have permitted the extension of the curative potential of allografting to patients in whom it was previously contraindicated. As a result, a range of novel drug and transplant therapies has become available in patients with relapsed AML, and it is realistic to anticipate that a co-ordinated assessment of their clinical and biological impact will provide the basis for the design of future, more effective treatments in relapsed disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Craddock
- Leukaemia Unit, Department of Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
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Ichiki Y, Bowlus CL, Shimoda S, Ishibashi H, Vierling JM, Gershwin ME. T cell immunity and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Autoimmun Rev 2005; 5:1-9. [PMID: 16338205 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2005.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2004] [Accepted: 02/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), induced by the reaction of donor T cells to recipient histoincompatible antigens, is a serious complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. In MHC-disparate BMT, donor T cells directly react with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, while in MHC-matched BMT, T cells react with minor histocompatibility antigens (miHA) presented by shared MHC molecules. Clinically, acute and chronic GVHD can be distinguished on the basis of the time of onset, clinical manifestations and distinct pathobiological mechanisms. Acute GVHD usually occurs within 2 to 6 weeks following allogeneic BMT and primarily affects the skin, liver and the gastrointestinal tract with T cell infiltration of the epithelia of the skin, mucous membranes, bile ducts and gut. In addition, hair follicle cells, airways, bone marrow, and a variety of other tissue systems can be involved. Acute GVHD occurs in up to 50% of allogeneic HLA-matched and 70% of HLA-disparate BMT recipients despite prophylactic immunosuppressive drugs. Chronic GVHD involves a wider range of organs and clinical manifestations include scleroderma, liver failure, immune complex disease, glomerulonephritis, and autoantibody formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Ichiki
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, TB192, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Zorn E, Miklos DB, Floyd BH, Mattes-Ritz A, Guo L, Soiffer RJ, Antin JH, Ritz J. Minor histocompatibility antigen DBY elicits a coordinated B and T cell response after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 199:1133-42. [PMID: 15096539 PMCID: PMC1361263 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20031560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We examined the immune response to DBY, a model H-Y minor histocompatibility antigen (mHA) in a male patient with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant from a human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical female sibling. Patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells were screened for reactivity against a panel of 93 peptides representing the entire amino acid sequence of DBY. This epitope screen revealed a high frequency CD4+ T cell response to a single DBY peptide that persisted from 8 to 21 mo after transplant. A CD4+ T cell clone displaying the same reactivity was established from posttransplant patient cells and used to characterize the T cell epitope as a 19-mer peptide starting at position 30 in the DBY sequence and restricted by HLA-DRB1*1501. Remarkably, the corresponding X homologue peptide was also recognized by donor T cells. Moreover, the T cell clone responded equally to mature HLA-DRB1*1501 male and female dendritic cells, indicating that both DBY and DBX peptides were endogenously processed. After transplant, the patient also developed antibodies that were specific for recombinant DBY protein and did not react with DBX. This antibody response was mapped to two DBY peptides beginning at positions 118 and 536. Corresponding DBX peptides were not recognized. These studies provide the first demonstration of a coordinated B and T cell immune response to an H-Y antigen after allogeneic transplant. The specificity for recipient male cells was mediated by the B cell response and not by donor T cells. This dual DBX/DBY antigen is the first mHA to be identified in the context of chronic GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Zorn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, M530, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Falkenburg JHF, Willemze R. Minor histocompatibility antigens as targets of cellular immunotherapy in leukaemia. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2004; 17:415-25. [PMID: 15498713 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2004.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic human-leukocyte-antigen-matched stem cell transplantation is associated with a lower risk of relapse of leukaemia than autologous transplantation due to a T-cell-mediated graft-vs.-leukaemia effect. Replacement of patient haematopoiesis by donor haematopoiesis allows the application of donor-derived specifically targeted cellular immunotherapy for the treatment of leukaemia. Following allogeneic transplantation, donor-derived T cells recognizing minor histocompatibility antigens expressed on haematopoietic cells from the patient may result in eradication of all haematopoietic cells of recipient origin. Since after transplantation, normal haematopoiesis is of donor origin, these T-cell responses may result in establishment of full donor chimerism associated with elimination of the haematological malignancy. By targeting the immune response to minor histocompatibility antigens that are not expressed on non-haematopoietic tissues, graft-vs.-host reactions may be limited. Several methods can be used for in vitro selection of T-cell responses with high specificity for malignant cells, and in vitro manipulation of donor T cells including transfer of antigen-specific T-cell receptors may greatly enhance specificity and efficacy of donor-derived cellular immunotherapy of haematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Frederik Falkenburg
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9600, C2-R, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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49
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García-Malo MD, Corral J, González M, Solano C, González-Conejero R, Caballero MD, Pérez R, Moraleda JM, Vicente V. Human platelet antigen systems in allogeneic peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation: effect of human platelet antigen mismatch on platelet engraftment and graft-versus-host disease. Transfusion 2004; 44:771-6. [PMID: 15104661 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.03190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alloimmune incompatibility in allo-geneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT), pregnancy, and blood transfusion might trigger an immune response with clinical consequences. Human PLT antigens (HPAs), which play a significant role in pregnancy or blood transfusion-associated alloimmune thrombocytopenia, are also expressed on the surface of tissues affected by GVHD. Thus, HPA mismatch in HLA-identical ASCT could play a potential role in PLT engraftment and GVHD. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We studied the HPA-1, -2, and -5 genotypes in Caucasian donors and patients involved in 77 HLA-identical ASCTs. We evaluated the association of HPA compatibility with clinical outcome, analyzing the relevance of host-versus-donor HPA incompatibility in PLT engraftment and donor-versus-host HPA incompatibility in GVHD. RESULTS PLT engraftment and transfusion require-ments were similar in HPA-compatible and HPA-incompatible ASCT. Cases with severe thrombocytopenia or significant delayed PLT engraftment did not display host-versus-donor HPA incompatibility. Moreover, the incidence of GVHD did not correlate with HPA compatibility. CONCLUSION Our results support no role for these antigens in immune complications of ASCT: PLT engraftment, requirement of PLT transfusions, and GVHD.
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50
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Friedman TM, Jones SC, Statton D, Murphy GF, Korngold R. Evolution of responding CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell repertoires during the development of graft-versus-host disease directed to minor histocompatibility antigens. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2004; 10:224-35. [PMID: 15077221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2003.12.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) can be induced in lethally irradiated mice after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation between major histocompatibility complex-matched strains expressing multiple minor histocompatibility antigen differences. In the B6 --> BALB.B irradiation model, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) donor T cells have the capacity to mediate lethal GVHD. Previously, CDR3-size spectratyping was used to analyze these T-cell responses at a single early time point (day 5) after transplantation and revealed clonal or oligoclonal expansions of the V beta 2, 4, and 6 to 14 families for the CD4(+) response and of the V beta 4, 6, 8 to 11, and 14 families for the B6 CD8(+) response. Appropriate positive selection of these T-cell receptor V beta-skewed CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell subsets and their subsequent transfer into lethally irradiated BALB.B recipients resulted in fatal GVHD induction. In contrast, BALB.B mice transplanted with nonskewed V beta CD4(+) T cells survived, with minimal symptoms of GVHD. This study was undertaken to investigate the evolution of the donor/antihost minor histocompatibility antigen T-cell repertoire responses throughout the course of GVHD development. The results indicated that a number of V beta families were consistently involved throughout the course of GVHD, whereas some V beta families exhibited skewed expansions only in either the early or late stages of disease. In addition, sequence analysis of relevant representative skewed CDR3 bands from the CD4(+) V beta 11(+) and the CD8(+) V beta 14(+) families, both of which exhibited strong consistent responses, demonstrated increased use of the J beta 2.5 and J beta 2.4 segments, respectively, thus identifying the T-cell receptor specificities involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea M Friedman
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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