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Salehi S, Shahi A, Afzali S, Keshtkar AA, Farashi Bonab S, Soleymanian T, Ansaripour B, Amirzargar AA. Transitional immature regulatory B cells and regulatory cytokines can discriminate chronic antibody-mediated rejection from stable graft function. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 86:106750. [PMID: 32652501 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses of the immune system has been demonstrated to determine the fate of transplanted allografts. Here we analyzed CD19+CD24hiCD38hi immature transitional regulatory B (TRB) cells, as well as the gene and protein levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the three separate groups, include of stable transplanted subjects, chronic antibody-mediated rejection (cAMR) patients, and healthy individuals. METHOD Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from stable subjects (n = 36), cAMR patients (n = 36) and healthy controls (n = 18) were isolated. Flowcytometry was performed for CD19, CD24, and CD38 surface markers. ELISA and quantitative real-time PCR were performed for IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines. RESULT The percentages of immature TRB cells were significantly decrease in cAMR patients (0.98%) versus stable recipients (2.81%) and healthy subjects (4.03%) (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Total lymphocytes, circulating B cells, memory and mature subsets of B cells did not show any significant difference between the groups. TGF-β mRNA was 3-fold upregulated in the cAMR group compared to stable patients (P < 0.001.), but without significant alteration at the protein level. Also, long-term survival renal transplant recipients had a higher protein but not mRNA levels of IL-10 than short-term survival renal transplant recipients. CONCLUSION It seems that immature TRB cell subpopulation might be a crucial regulator of immune system response and plays an important role in determining the transplantation outcome. Furthermore, immunosuppressive IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines might act as a double sword and can exhibit either pathogenic or protective effects against allograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Salehi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Student's Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Shahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Afzali
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Keshtkar
- Department of Health Sciences Education Development, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samad Farashi Bonab
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Soleymanian
- Nephrology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Ansaripour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Amirzargar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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Kalantari T, Ciric B, Kamali-Sarvestani E, Rostami A. Bone marrow dendritic cells deficient for CD40 and IL-23p19 are tolerogenic in vitro. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:287-292. [PMID: 32440313 PMCID: PMC7229508 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.36160.8615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective(s): In addition to pro-inflammatory role, dendritic cells (DCs) can also be anti-inflammatory when they acquire tolerogenic phenotype. In this study we tested the role of CD40 and IL-23p19 in antigen presenting function of bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) by comparing BMDCs derived from CD40 knockout (CD40KO-DCs) and IL-23p19 (IL-23p19KO-DCs) knockout mice with those from C57BL/6 mice (Cont-DCs). We have focused on CD40 and IL-23, as these molecules have well established pro-inflammatory roles in a number of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Materials and Methods: The expression of maturation markers MHC II and co-stimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, and CD86 was analyzed by flow cytometry, while the expression of CD40 and IL-23p19 was measured by RT-PCR. The capacity of BMDCs to activate CD4+ T cells was evaluated by 3H-thymidine incorporation, and the capacity of BMDCs to uptake antigen was evaluated using fluorescent OVA and flow cytometry. Results: The lack of CD40 or IL-23p19 had no effect on uptake of FITC-OVA by the DCs, confirming their immature phenotype. Moreover, CD40KO-DCs had significantly reduced capacity to stimulate proliferation of CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T cells activated by CD40KO-DCs and IL-23p19KO-DCs produced significantly less IFN-γ (P-value ≤0.05), while CD4+ T cells stimulated by IL-23p19KO-DCs produced less GM-CSF and more IL-10 than Cont-DCs. Conclusion: This study shows that CD40KO-DCs and IL-23p19KO-DCs have a marked tolerogenic potency in vitro. Future in vivo studies should determine if and to what extent DCs lacking CD40 or IL-23 have a potential to be useful in therapy of autoimmune inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Kalantari
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Bogoljub Ciric
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Relationship of Transforming Growth Factor-βl and Arginase-1 Levels with Long-term Survival after Kidney Transplantation. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:455-460. [PMID: 30074212 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1900-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we compared the serum levels of transforming growth factor-pi (TGF-β1), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and arginase-1 in long-term survival kidney transplant recipients (LTSKTRs) with those in short-term survival kidney transplant recipients (STSKTRs). We then evaluated the relationship between these levels and graft function. Blood samples were collected from 50 adult LTSKTRs and 20 STSKTRs (graft survival approximately 1-3 years post-transplantation). All patients had stable kidney function. The samples were collected at our institution during the patients' follow-up examinations between March 2017 and September 2017. The plasma levels of TGF-β1, IL-10, and arginase-1 were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELIS A). The levels of TGF-β1 and arginase-1 were significantly higher in the LTSKTRs than in the STSKTRs. The time elapsed since transplantation was positively correlated with the levels of TGF-β1 and arginase-1 in the LTSKTRs. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was positively correlated with the TGF-β1 level, and the serum creatinine level was negatively correlated with the TGF-β1 level. Higher serum levels of TGF-pi and arginase-1 were found in LTSKTRs than in STSKTRs, and we found that TGF-β1 was positively correlated with long-term graft survival and function. Additionally, TGF-β1 and arginase-1 levels were positively correlated with the time elapsed since transplantation. On the basis of these findings, TGF-β1 and arginase-1 may play important roles in determining long-term graft survival. Thus, we propose that TGF-pi and arginase-1 may potentially be used as predictive markers for evaluating long-term graft survival.
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Du XX, Guo YL, Zhao YP, Yang M, Chang S, Liu B, Cai LJ, Chen ZK. Accumulation of High Levels of Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Enhances Graft Survival in Almost-Tolerant Kidney Transplant Recipients. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:3314-3320. [PMID: 30577201 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature cells that suppress immune responses during organ transplantation and participate in mediating long-term graft survival and immune tolerance in animal transplant models. However, their role in regulating transplant tolerance in human subjects is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the role of MDSCs in mediating long-term graft survival in almost-tolerant kidney transplant recipients (ATKTRs) and the mechanism(s) responsible for increasing MDSC numbers in these recipients. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from whole blood samples were collected from 30 ATKTRs (graft survival, > 10 years after kidney transplant [KTx]) treated with low doses of immunosuppressive drugs and with stable kidney function, 10 short-term graft survival kidney transplant recipients (STKTRs; graft survival, ∼1-3 years post-KTx) with stable kidney function, and 10 healthy donors (HDs). MDSC and regulatory T cell (Tregs) levels were analyzed using multicolor flow cytometry in PBMCs. RESULTS ATKTRs had significantly higher levels of monocytic MDSCs (P < .001) and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs than STKTRs and HDs. Furthermore, the M-MDSC levels correlated positively with the survival rates, estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) of grafts, and the levels of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs in ATKTRs. CONCLUSIONS Accumulation of high levels of MDSCs was observed in ATKTRs. Changes in MDSC levels may play important roles in mediating transplant tolerance and regulating Tregs. Therefore, we propose that MDSCs may be potentially used for recognizing tolerant transplant recipients and guiding dosage reduction for immunosuppressive drugs for KTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Du
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Y L Guo
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Y P Zhao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - M Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - S Chang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - B Liu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - L J Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Z K Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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Ballet C, Giral M, Ashton-Chess J, Renaudin K, Brouard S, Soulillou JP. Chronic rejection of human kidney allografts. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 2:393-402. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2.3.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Yu S, Fu B, He X, Peng X, Hu A, Ma Y. Antigen-specific T-regulatory cells can extend skin graft survival time in mice. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:2033-40. [PMID: 21693321 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of donor antigen-specific CD4(+)CD25(+) T-regulatory cells (Tregs) on skin allografts in mice. An allogeneic skin transplant model was established using donor C57BL/6 or DBA and recipient BALB/c mice. Recipients were divided into 4 groups: control group without intervention (CON; C57BL/6 to BALB/c), rapamycin gavage group (RAP; C57BL/6 to BALB/c), CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs-treated group (TRE; C57BL/6 to BALB/c), in which recipients received transfusions of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs stimulated with C57BL/6-derived immature dendritic cells, and the third-party donor group (DBA; DBA to BALB/c) in which recipients received transfusions of BALB/c CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs stimulated with C57BL/6-derived immature dendritic cells. Mean (SD) survival time of the skin allografts in the TRE group was 17.0 (3.4) days, significantly longer than in the other groups: CON, 6.9 (1.9) days; RAP, 10.3 (3.0) days; and DBA, 10.8 (3.6) days. The TRE group demonstrated a significantly greater expression of transforming growth factor-β and interleukin (IL)-10. Donor antigen-specific CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs effectively extend skin allograft survival in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, First People's Hospital of Foshan City, Foshan, China
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Shao W, Yan G, Lin Y, Chen J, Dai H, Wang F, Xi Y, Thorlacius H, Qi Z. CD44/CD70 Blockade and Anti-CD154/LFA-1 Treatment Synergistically Suppress Accelerated Rejection and Prolong Cardiac Allograft Survival in Mice. Scand J Immunol 2011; 74:430-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Combination of monoclonal antibodies with DST inhibits accelerated rejection mediated by memory T cells to induce long-lived heart allograft acceptance in mice. Immunol Lett 2011; 138:122-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Pons JA, Revilla-Nuin B, Ramírez P, Baroja-Mazo A, Parrilla P. Desarrollo de inmunotolerancia en el trasplante hepático. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2011; 34:155-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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10
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Yun WJ, Lee DW, Chang SE, Yoon GS, Huh JR, Won CH, Lee MW, Kim SE, Kim BJ, Moon KC, Choi JH. Role of CD4CD25FOXP3 Regulatory T Cells in Psoriasis. Ann Dermatol 2010; 22:397-403. [PMID: 21165208 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2010.22.4.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD4(+)CD25(high+)regulatory T cells (Tregs) are considered to be of vital importance for maintaining immunologic self-tolerance and preventing autoimmune diseases. These cells have been found to be deficient in skin lesions and in the peripheral blood of patients with psoriasis. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of Tregs in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and to evaluate the changes in Tregs in relation to the severity and the clinical course of psoriasis. METHODS Immunohistochemistry (CD3, 4, 8, 79 and FOXP3) was performed in 22 psoriatic patients compared to 5 normal controls. Flow cytometry (CD3, 4, 8, 25 and FOXP3) was performed in 18 psoriatic patients and 8 normal volunteers and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (foxp3 mRNA) was performed in 8 psoriasis patients. RESULTS An increase in the FOXP3(+) cell fraction was detected in the lesional psoriatic skin irrespective of the severity of psoriasis as compared with the normal skin. However, a decrease in FOXP3(+) cells was observed in the samples obtained from psoriasis of 'acute course'. FOXP3(+) Treg populations in the blood of the 'acute course' psoriasis was not different compared to that of 'chronic course' psoriasis and normal controls. CONCLUSION The deficiency of FOXP3(+) Tregs in the lesional psoriatic skin might be responsible for the exacerbation of psoriasis.
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Deeks ED, Keating GM. Rabbit antithymocyte globulin (thymoglobulin): a review of its use in the prevention and treatment of acute renal allograft rejection. Drugs 2009; 69:1483-512. [PMID: 19634926 DOI: 10.2165/00003495-200969110-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) [Thymoglobulin(R); Thymoglobuline(R)] is a purified, pasteurized preparation of polyclonal gamma immunoglobulin raised in rabbits against human thymocytes that is indicated for the prevention and/or treatment of renal transplant rejection in several countries worldwide. rATG induction in combination with immunosuppressive therapy is more effective in preventing episodes of acute renal graft rejection in adult renal transplant recipients than immunosuppressive therapy without induction. The efficacy of rATG induction is generally better than that of equine antithymocyte globulin (eATG) induction and generally no different from that of basiliximab or low-dose daclizumab induction in this patient population. However, in high-risk patients, rATG induction was more effective than daclizumab or basiliximab induction in preventing acute renal graft rejection. In the treatment of renal graft rejection in adult renal transplant recipients, rATG was more effective than eATG in terms of the successful response rate, although the agents generally did not differ with regard to most other endpoints. Both induction and treatment with rATG are generally well tolerated, although adverse events, such as fever, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, appear more common with rATG than with other antibody preparations. The overall incidence of infection associated with rATG induction was generally no different from that seen with eATG or basiliximab induction, although was higher with rATG than with basiliximab in high-risk patients. The incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease generally did not differ between rATG and eATG induction, and there was no significant difference between rATG and daclizumab induction with regard to the incidence of CMV infections or the proportion of patients who received treatment for a CMV episode or infection. Relative to basiliximab, the incidence of CMV infection was generally higher with rATG, except in high-risk patients. In the treatment of acute renal rejection, the nature and incidence of infections were generally similar with rATG and eATG. The incidence of malignancies is generally low with rATG therapy and generally does not differ from that seen with other agents. Further prospective comparative studies would be beneficial in order to definitively position rATG with respect to other antibody preparations. In the meantime, available clinical data suggest that rATG is an effective and generally well tolerated option for the prevention and treatment of acute renal graft rejection in renal transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma D Deeks
- Wolters Kluwer Health, Adis, Auckland, New Zealand
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Skin application of ketoprofen systemically suppresses contact hypersensitivity by inducing CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells. J Dermatol Sci 2009; 53:216-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Revised: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Roelen DL, van den Boogaardt DEM, van Miert PPMC, Koekkoek K, Offringa R, Claas FHJ. Differentially modulated dendritic cells induce regulatory T cells with different characteristics. Transpl Immunol 2008; 19:220-8. [PMID: 18639635 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethason (DEX) treated DC display several features that establish them as candidates for specific allogeneic tolerance induction. We report the results of in vitro studies of polarization of the alloimmune T cell response with two types of differentially modulated human DC. Both DEX treated DC triggered by LPS for 6 h (DEX6-DC) and DEX treated DC triggered by LPS for 48 h (DEX48-DC) acquired low levels of costimulatory, adhesion, and MHC class II molecules compared with mature DC (mDC). In contrast to mDC, both DEX6-DC and DEX48-DC did not produce any IL-12. DEX6-DC were able to produce significant amounts of IL-10 whereas DEX48-DC did not actively produce IL-10. Conversely, the induction of IL-10 producing cells was significantly increased when PBL were stimulated with DEX48-DC compared with DEX6-DC. Both stimulation of PBL with DEX6-DC and DEX48-DC led to the induction of cell populations able to suppress the proliferative alloimmune response of primed T cells in a cell-cell contact independent and antigen-nonspecific manner. Tregs obtained after stimulation with DEX48-DC were also able to inhibit the IFN-gamma production of the effector cells and this effect could be blocked by anti-IL-10. Tregs induced by DEX6-DC produced similar amounts of IL-10, yet were not able to inhibit IFN-gamma production of the effector T cells, indicating a different mechanism. In summary, we show that differential modulation of DC results in the induction of different populations of regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave L Roelen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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14
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The influence of immuosuppressive therapy on the development of CD4+CD25+ T cells after renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 2008; 39:2721-3. [PMID: 18021968 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2007.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of studies suggest that CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory (Treg) cells play a significant role to downregulate the immune response to alloantigens. In this study, we investigated the possible influence of immunosuppressive therapy, including cyclosporine (CsA) or rapamycin (sirolimus), on the level of CD4(+)CD25(+), CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+), and CD4(+)CD25(+)CTLA-4(+) T cells in the peripheral blood of renal allograft recipients. The study was performed on renal allograft recipients who displayed uneventful stable courses (RAR-S; n = 15) versus biopsy-proven chronic rejection (RAR-CH; n = 12). The patients were divided based on the immunosuppressive protocol: group 1 (prednisone+CsA+Aza) and group II (prednisone+sirolimus). The control group consisted of 10 healthy blood donors. We examined the expression of CD4, CD25, CTLA-4, and Foxp3 in peripheral blood T cells. Flow cytometry was performed with a FACSCalibur (BD Biosciences) instrument with data analyzed using Cell Quest software. The percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells in rapamycin (sirolimus) treated patients did not differ from that observed in healthy individuals, but was significantly higher compared with CsA-treated patients. CsA therapy resulted in a reduction in the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+)CTLA-4(+) and CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells after renal transplantation in both groups (RAR-S and RAR-CH) compared with patients treated with rapamycin or to healthy donors. The type of immunosuppressive therapy (with or without calcineurin inhibitors) may have an important role in tolerance induction and graft function.
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Du MR, Dong L, Zhou WH, Yan FT, Li DJ. Cyclosporin a improves pregnancy outcome by promoting functions of trophoblasts and inducing maternal tolerance to the allogeneic fetus in abortion-prone matings in the mouse. Biol Reprod 2007; 76:906-14. [PMID: 17229932 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.106.056648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The embryo expresses paternal antigens foreign to the mother, and therefore has been viewed as a natural allograft. Cyclosporin A (CsA) is an immunosuppressant for preventing allograft rejection. Little is known, however, about the modulating effect of CsA on the materno-fetal relationship. In this study, pregnant CBA/J female mice mated with DBA/2 or BALB/c male mice as abortion-prone and normal pregnancy matings were administered, respectively, with CsA at Day 4 of gestation. We demonstrated that the administration of CsA at the window of implantation resulted in maternal T-cell tolerance to paternal antigen, and it improved pregnancy outcome in the CBA/J multiply sign in box DBA/2 abortion-prone matings. CsA administration enhanced Th2 and reduced Th1 cytokine production at the materno-fetal interface, and it expanded peripheral CD4(+)CD25(+) FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells in abortion-prone matings, implying development of Th2 bias and regulatory T cells. On the other hand, we observed that treatment with CsA led to enhanced growth and invasiveness of trophoblasts in the abortion-prone matings. Together, these findings indicate that CsA in lower dosages can induce materno-fetal tolerance and improve the biologic functions of trophoblast cells in the abortion-prone matings, leading to a successful pregnancy, which is useful in clinical therapeutics for spontaneous pregnancy wastage and other pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Rong Du
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, China
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Longhi MS, Hussain MJ, Mitry RR, Arora SK, Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D, Ma Y. Functional study of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in health and autoimmune hepatitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:4484-91. [PMID: 16547287 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.7.4484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells (Tregs) are defective numerically and functionally in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). We have investigated and compared the mechanism of action of Tregs in healthy subjects and in AIH patients using Transwell experiments, where Tregs are cultured either in direct contact with or separated from their targets by a semipermeable membrane. We also studied Treg FOXP3 expression and effect on apoptosis. Direct contact is necessary for Tregs to suppress proliferation and IFN-gamma production by CD4(+)CD25(-) and CD8(+) T cells in patients and controls. Moreover, in both, direct contact of Tregs with their targets leads to increased secretion of regulatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-beta, suggesting a mechanism of linked immunosuppression. Tregs/CD4(+)CD25(-) T cell cocultures lead to similar changes in IFN-gamma and IL-10 secretion in patients and controls, whereas increased TGF-beta secretion is significantly lower in patients. In contrast, in patients, Tregs/CD8(+) T cell cocultures lead to a higher increase of IL-4 secretion. In AIH, Treg FOXP3 expression is lower than in normal subjects. Both in patients and controls, FOXP3 expression is present also in CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells, although at a low level and not associated to suppressive function. Both in patients and controls, addition of Tregs does not influence target cell apoptosis, but in AIH, spontaneous apoptosis of CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells is reduced. In conclusion, Tregs act through a direct contact with their targets by modifying the cytokine profile and not inducing apoptosis. Deficient CD4(+)CD25(-) T cell spontaneous apoptosis may contribute to the development of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serena Longhi
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, UK
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17
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Le Rond S, Azéma C, Krawice-Radanne I, Durrbach A, Guettier C, Carosella ED, Rouas-Freiss N. Evidence to Support the Role of HLA-G5 in Allograft Acceptance through Induction of Immunosuppressive/ Regulatory T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:3266-76. [PMID: 16493088 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.5.3266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The soluble HLA-G5 isoform encoded by intron-4 retaining spliced transcript has been previously detected in vivo in sera and grafts from transplanted patients who had significantly better graft acceptance. These findings led us to investigate the role of HLA-G5 in tolerance induction in vitro and its biological relevance in allograft acceptance in vivo. We demonstrated that engagement of Ig-like transcript-2 and Ig-like transcript-4 receptors by HLA-G5 is involved in inhibition of T cell alloproliferative responses. Naive T cells sensitized in vitro with HLA-G5, for as little as 18 h, 1) lost their ability to respond to subsequent allogeneic stimulus, and 2) acquired regulatory properties because they inhibited the reactivity of other T cells. These HLA-G5-induced T cells act in an Ag-nonspecific fashion and through soluble factors. Biological relevance was provided by ex vivo analyzes of samples from liver-kidney cotransplanted patients who had high HLA-G5 serum levels and no graft rejection. We showed that addition of HLA-G5-containing sera from these patients inhibited T cell alloresponses and that serum HLA-G5 was responsible for this inhibition. Notably, PBMC from transplanted patients exposed to high levels of circulating HLA-G5 did not respond to allostimulation and inhibited alloreactivity of other T cells. These results demonstrate that HLA-G5-mediated tolerance involves the induction of immunosuppressive T cells. These findings provide evidence supporting the tolerogenic properties of HLA-G and emphasize its potential application as a relevant therapeutic candidate capable of limiting allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Le Rond
- Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique -Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Département de Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
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18
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Longhi MS, Ma Y, Mitry RR, Bogdanos DP, Heneghan M, Cheeseman P, Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D. Effect of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T-cells on CD8 T-cell function in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. J Autoimmun 2005; 25:63-71. [PMID: 16005184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2005.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Revised: 04/21/2005] [Accepted: 05/11/2005] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS CD4 T lymphocytes constitutively expressing the IL-2-receptor alpha-chain (CD25) (T-regs) are central to self-tolerance maintenance, preventing the proliferation and effector function of autoreactive T-cells. In autoimmune hepatitis T-regs are defective in number but maintain the ability to suppress IFNgamma production by CD4+CD25- T-cells. We have studied the ability of CD4+CD25+ (T-regs) to regulate proliferation and cytokine production by CD8 T-cells in patients with autoimmune hepatitis at diagnosis and during remission. METHODS Twenty-five patients were studied. T-regs were purified from PBMCs by CD4 negative selection followed by CD25 positive selection, using immunomagnetic beads. The ability of T-regs to suppress CD8 T-cell proliferation was assessed by 3H-thymidine incorporation; their ability to regulate cytokine production by intracellular cytokine staining. RESULTS We found that T-regs are unable to regulate CD8 T-cell proliferation and cytokine production in patients studied at diagnosis, while they suppress CD8 T-cell proliferation and induce an elevation of IL-4 producing CD8 T-cells in patients during drug-induced remission. CONCLUSION Inability of T-regs to regulate CD8 T-cell function at diagnosis may contribute to the initiation of autoimmune liver damage. The ability of T-regs to regulate CD8 proliferation and IL-4 production during drug-induced remission suggests a role for immunosuppressive treatment at reconstituting T-regs function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serena Longhi
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
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19
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Asakura H, Takayashiki T, Ku G, Flye MW. The persistence of regulatory cells developing after rat spontaneous liver acceptance. Surgery 2005; 138:329-34. [PMID: 16153444 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2005] [Revised: 06/01/2005] [Accepted: 06/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously reported that the spontaneous acceptance of Lewis (LEW, RT1(l)) to Dark Agouti (DA, RT1(a)) rat orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) is eliminated by donor gamma-irradiation. The acceptance of the irradiated LEW liver is also reestablished in a naïve rat after the adoptive transfer of T regulatory (T-reg) cells from a LEW to a DA liver-tolerant long-term (>60 days) survivor (LTS) into a naïve DA rat. However, little is known about the growth conditions required to maintain T-reg function. In this study, we examined the need for continued donor-specific alloantigen stimulation for the maintenance and function of T-reg cells. METHODS Splenocytes (SCs; 1.5 x 10(8) cells) from a LEW liver allograft-tolerant LTS DA recipient were adoptively transferred fresh or after in vitro stimulation into another naive DA rat on day 1, 4, or 7 before an irradiated (1000R) LEW liver transplant. For in vitro alloantigen stimulation, SCs from LEW to DA LTS were co-cultured with mitomycin-C (MMC)-treated naïve LEW (donor alloantigen-specific) or Brown Norway (BN) (RT1(n); third party) SCs for 72 hours. Graft rejection, as defined by death of the recipient, was confirmed histologically. RESULTS All LEW liver grafts were accepted spontaneously by DA recipients for more than 60 days (n=32), while all irradiated LEW livers were acutely rejected (n=9; mean survival time [MST]=12.8 +/- 4.0 days). When LTS DA SCs were adoptively transferred into a naive DA rat 1 day before OLT, all irradiated LEW grafts were accepted greater than 60 days (n=9). However, when fresh LTS DA SCs were transferred to a new naïve DA rat on 4 or 7 days before OLT, all irradiated LEW liver grafts were acutely rejected (MST=10.2 +/- 0.5 days [n=4] and MST=13.5 +/- 5.0 days [n=4], respectively). When LTS DA SCs were stimulated in vitro before adoptive transfer, irradiated LEW liver grafts after 4 days (n=5) were then accepted. In vitro culture of LTS DA SCs with MMC-treated BN SCs (third-party) for 72 hours before adoptive transfer resulted in 3 of 5 irradiated LEW livers at day 4 being accepted (n=5). CONCLUSIONS The maintenance of T-reg function requires continuous LEW donor-specific alloantigen stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Asakura
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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20
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Aviner S, Yao X, Krauthgamer R, Gan Y, Goren-Arbel R, Klein T, Tabilio A, McMannis JD, Champlin R, Martelli MF, Bachar-Lustig E, Reisner Y. Large-Scale Preparation of Human Anti—Third-Party Veto Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Depleted of Graft-Versus-Host Reactivity: A New Source for Graft Facilitating Cells in Bone Marrow Transplantation. Hum Immunol 2005; 66:644-52. [PMID: 15993710 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2005.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Induction of donor type chimerism in mildly prepared hosts without graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a most desirable goal in bone morrow transplantation. We have recently demonstrated in a mouse model that donor veto cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can facilitate the induction of donor type chimerism in sublethally irradiated recipients without causing GvHD if they are effectively depleted of alloreactivity against host cells by means of stimulation against a third party. We extend this approach to human cells, by preparing CTLs in two major steps: primary culture in the absence of interleukin 2, leading to death by neglect of antihost clones, and addition of interleukin 2 and subsequent dilution of antihost clones as a consequence of the expansion of the anti-third-party clones. CTLs prepared in this way specifically suppress host cytotoxic T cells directed against antigens of the donor, but not against fourth-party antigens, as demonstrated in a standard (51)Cr release assay. We conclude that human anti-third-party CTLs afford a new source of veto cells that are depleted of potential graft-versus-host-reactive clones. The cells generated by this approach could potentially be used to facilitate engraftment of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraga Aviner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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21
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Li M, Qian H, Ichim TE, Ge WW, Popov IA, Rycerz K, Neu J, White D, Zhong R, Min WP. Induction of RNA interference in dendritic cells. Immunol Res 2005; 30:215-30. [PMID: 15477662 DOI: 10.1385/ir:30:2:215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) reside at the center of the immunological universe, possessing the ability both to stimulate and inhibit various types of responses. Tolerogenic/regulatory DC with therapeutic properties can be generated through various means of manipulations in vitro and in vivo. Here we describe several attractive strategies for manipulation of DC using the novel technique of RNA interference (RNAi). Additionally, we overview some of our data regarding yet undescribed characteristics of RNAi in DC such as specific transfection strategies, persistence of gene silencing, and multi-gene silencing. The advantages of using RNAi for DC genetic manipulation gives rise to the promise of generating tailor-made DC that can be used effectively to treat a variety of immunologically mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Li
- Department of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, Canada
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22
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Battaglia M, Stabilini A, Roncarolo MG. Rapamycin selectively expands CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. Blood 2005; 105:4743-8. [PMID: 15746082 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-10-3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 933] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin is an immunosuppressive compound that is currently used to prevent acute graft rejection in humans. In addition, rapamycin has been shown to allow operational tolerance in murine models. However, a direct effect of rapamycin on T regulatory (Tr) cells, which play a key role in induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance, has not been demonstrated so far. Here, we provide new evidence that rapamycin selectively expands the murine naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) Tr cells in vitro. These expanded Tr cells suppress proliferation of syngeneic T cells in vitro and prevent allograft rejection in vivo. Interestingly, rapamycin does not block activation-induced cell death and proliferation of CD4(+) T cells in vitro. Based on this new mode of action, rapamycin can be used to expand CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) Tr cells for ex vivo cellular therapy in T-cell-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Battaglia
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (HSR-TIGET), Milan, Italy
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23
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Xia G, Kovochich M, Truitt RL, Johnson BD. Tracking ex vivo-expanded CD4+CD25+ and CD8+CD25+ regulatory T cells after infusion to prevent donor lymphocyte infusion-induced lethal acute graft-versus-host disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2004; 10:748-60. [PMID: 15505606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2004.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Donor bone marrow (BM)-derived CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells, maturing in the host thymus, are critical in inhibiting graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) in murine BM chimeras. Data presented here demonstrate that fresh CD25+ cells isolated from donor-type mice can be expanded ex vivo by a variety of methods. Ex vivo-expanded CD4+ CD25+ and CD8+ CD25+ cells were potent suppressors of donor response to host alloantigens in mixed lymphocyte reaction assays. Both fresh and ex vivo-expanded CD4+ CD25+ cells persisted long-term in vivo and effectively prevented DLI-induced GVHD in CD25-/- BM chimeras. Importantly, co-infused CD4+ CD25+ cells with DLI cells migrated to peripheral lymphoid organs and survived long-term in DLI-treated CD25-/- chimeras, but not in DLI-treated CD25+/+ chimeras, indicating homeostatic control of CD25+ cells and an available niche required for their long-term persistence. Furthermore, maintenance of CD25 expression seemed necessary for suppressive function, because only the CD25+ cell fraction, but not the CD25- fraction isolated after adoptive transfer, was suppressive in vitro. Ex vivo-expanded CD8+ CD25+ cells weakly prevented GVHD, apparently because of a rapid disappearance of these cells after adoptive transfer. Taken together, these data suggest that the therapeutic use of ex vivo-expanded CD4+ CD25+ cells may be a feasible, nontoxic modality for controlling GVHD in the clinic. Because of strict homeostatic control, an available niche may be required for long-term persistence of infused regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guliang Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, and Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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24
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Kasow KA, Chen X, Knowles J, Wichlan D, Handgretinger R, Riberdy JM. Human CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Share Equally Complex and Comparable Repertoires with CD4+CD25− Counterparts. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:6123-8. [PMID: 15128798 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells are critical mediators of peripheral immune tolerance. However, many developmental and functional characteristics of these cells are unknown, and knowledge of human regulatory T cells is particularly limited. To better understand how human CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells develop and function, we examined the diversity of CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD4(+)CD25(-) T cell repertoires in both thymus and peripheral blood. Levels of T receptor excision circles (TREC) were comparable in purified CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD4(+)CD25(-) thymic populations, but were significantly higher than those in samples derived from peripheral blood, consistent with murine studies demonstrating thymic development of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. Surprisingly, CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells isolated from peripheral blood had greater TREC quantities than their CD4(+)CD25(+) counterparts, supporting the possibility of extrathymic expansion as well. CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells from a given individual showed overlapping profiles with respect to diversity by Vbeta staining and spectratyping. Interestingly, CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells have lower quantities of CD3 than CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells. Collectively, these data suggest that human CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells recognize a similar array of Ags as CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells. However, reduced levels of TCR on regulatory T cells suggest different requirements for activation and may contribute to how the immune system regulates whether a particular response is suppressed or augmented.
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MESH Headings
- CD3 Complex/biosynthesis
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Separation
- Child
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/blood
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/blood
- Staining and Labeling
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Kasow
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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