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Mukku RP, Poornima K, Yadav S, Raghunand TR. Delineating the functional role of the PPE50 (Rv3135) - PPE51 (Rv3136) gene cluster in the pathophysiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105248. [PMID: 37931681 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The extraordinary success of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) has been attributed to its ability to modulate host immune responses, and its genome encodes multiple immunomodulatory factors, including several proteins of the multigenic PE_PPE family. To understand its role in M. tb pathophysiology we have characterised the PPE50 (Rv3135)-PPE51 (Rv3136) gene cluster, one of nine PPE-PPE clusters in the genome. We demonstrate here that this cluster is operonic, and that PPE50 and PPE51 interact - the first demonstration of PPE-PPE interaction. THP-1 macrophages infected with recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis strains expressing PPE50 and PPE51 showed lower intracellular viability than the control, which correlated with an increase in transcript levels of iNOS2. Infected macrophages also exhibited an upregulation in levels of IL-10, indicating an immunomodulatory role for these proteins. Using pull-downs and signalling assays, we identified TLR1 to be the cognate receptor for PPE50 - all the phenotypes observed on infection of THP-1 macrophages were reversed on pre-treatment with an anti-TLR1 antibody, validating the functional outcome of PPE50-TLR1 interaction. Our data reveals a TLR1 dependent role for the PPE50-PPE51 cluster in promoting bacillary persistence, via CFU reduction and concomitant upregulation of the anti-inflammatory response - a two-pronged strategy to circumvent host immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Prasad Mukku
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | - Kokavalla Poornima
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | - Sangya Yadav
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | - Tirumalai R Raghunand
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Gaggioli MR, Jones AG, Panagi I, Washington EJ, Loney RE, Muench JH, Brennan RG, Thurston TLM, Ko DC. A single amino acid in the Salmonella effector SarA/SteE triggers supraphysiological activation of STAT3 for anti-inflammatory target gene expression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.14.580367. [PMID: 38405869 PMCID: PMC10888966 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.14.580367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica cause an estimated 1 million cases of gastroenteritis annually in the United States. These serovars use secreted protein effectors to mimic and reprogram host cellular functions. We previously discovered that the secreted effector SarA (Salmonella anti-inflammatory response activator; also known as SteE) was required for increased intracellular replication of S. Typhimurium and production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). SarA facilitates phosphorylation of STAT3 through a region of homology with the host cytokine receptor gp130. Here, we demonstrate that a single amino acid difference between SarA and gp130 is critical for the anti-inflammatory bias of SarA-STAT3 signaling. An isoleucine at the pY+1 position of the YxxQ motif in SarA (which binds the SH2 domain in STAT3) causes increased STAT3 phosphorylation and expression of anti-inflammatory target genes. This isoleucine, completely conserved in ~4000 Salmonella isolates, renders SarA a better substrate for tyrosine phosphorylation by GSK-3. GSK-3 is canonically a serine/threonine kinase that nonetheless undergoes tyrosine autophosphorylation at a motif that has an invariant isoleucine at the pY+1 position. Our results provide a molecular basis for how a Salmonella secreted effector achieves supraphysiological levels of STAT3 activation to control host genes during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R. Gaggioli
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Angela G. Jones
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ioanna Panagi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Erica J. Washington
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rachel E. Loney
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Richard G. Brennan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Teresa L. M. Thurston
- Department of Infectious Disease, Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dennis C. Ko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Lead contact
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Wang X, Wang X, Lei X, He Y, Xiao T. Photodynamic therapy: a new approach to the treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial skin and soft tissue infections. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103645. [PMID: 37270047 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacterial skin and soft tissue infections are rising and are causing social concern due to the growth of cosmetic dermatology and immune-compromised populations. For the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacteria, several novel strategies have been investigated. One of them, photodynamic therapy, is a recently developed therapeutic strategy that has shown promise in managing nontuberculous mycobacterial skin and soft tissue infections. In this review, we first present an overview of the current status of the therapy and then summarize and analyze the cases of photodynamic therapy used to treat nontuberculous mycobacterial skin and soft tissue infections. We also discussed the feasibility of photodynamic therapy for treating nontuberculous mycobacterial skin soft tissue infections and the related mechanisms, providing a potential new option for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, CN
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, CN
| | - Xia Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, CN.
| | - Yongqing He
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, CN
| | - Tianzhen Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, CN
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Grubwieser P, Hilbe R, Gehrer CM, Grander M, Brigo N, Hoffmann A, Seifert M, Berger S, Theurl I, Nairz M, Weiss G. Klebsiella pneumoniae manipulates human macrophages to acquire iron. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1223113. [PMID: 37637102 PMCID: PMC10451090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1223113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections, such as pneumonia. Moreover, it is classified as a pathogen of concern due to sprawling anti-microbial resistance. During infection, the gram-negative pathogen is capable of establishing an intracellular niche in macrophages by altering cellular metabolism. One factor critically affecting the host-pathogen interaction is the availability of essential nutrients, like iron, which is required for KP to proliferate but which also modulates anti-microbial immune effector pathways. We hypothesized, that KP manipulates macrophage iron homeostasis to acquire this crucial nutrient for sustained proliferation. Methods We applied an in-vitro infection model, in which human macrophage-like PMA-differentiated THP1 cells were infected with KP (strain ATCC 43816). During a 24-h course of infection, we quantified the number of intracellular bacteria via serial plating of cell lysates and evaluated the effects of different stimuli on intracellular bacterial numbers and iron acquisition. Furthermore, we analyzed host and pathogen specific gene and protein expression of key iron metabolism molecules. Results Viable bacteria are recovered from macrophage cell lysates during the course of infection, indicative of persistence of bacteria within host cells and inefficient pathogen clearing by macrophages. Strikingly, following KP infection macrophages strongly induce the expression of the main cellular iron importer transferrin-receptor-1 (TFR1). Accordingly, intracellular KP proliferation is further augmented by the addition of iron loaded transferrin. The induction of TFR1 is mediated via the STAT-6-IL-10 axis, and pharmacological inhibition of this pathway reduces macrophage iron uptake, elicits bacterial iron starvation, and decreases bacterial survival. Conclusion Our results suggest, that KP manipulates macrophage iron metabolism to acquire iron once confined inside the host cell and enforces intracellular bacterial persistence. This is facilitated by microbial mediated induction of TFR1 via the STAT-6-IL-10 axis. Mechanistic insights into immune metabolism will provide opportunities for the development of novel antimicrobial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Grubwieser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Hilbe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Clemens Michael Gehrer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuel Grander
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Natascha Brigo
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sylvia Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Gonciarz W, Piątczak E, Chmiela M. The influence of Salvia cadmica Boiss. extracts on the M1/M2 polarization of macrophages primed with Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide in conjunction with NF-kappa B activation, production of cytokines, phagocytic activity and total DNA methylation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 310:116386. [PMID: 36921911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The large number of secondary derivatives have been isolated from the genus Salvia with about 700 species, and used in the pharmacopoeia throughout the world. Various biological properties of Salvia formulations have been reported including as antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypotensive, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-cancer, and skin curative. Salvia cadmica Boiss. root and aerial part extracts enriched with polyphenols are bactericidal towards gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and diminish deleterious effects induced by Hp lipopolysaccharide (LPS) towards gastric epithelial cells. AIM OF THIS STUDY To examine the influence of S. cadmica extracts on the M1/M2 polarization of macrophages primed with Hp LPS vs standard LPS Escherichia coli (Ec), and the macrophage cytokine as well as phagocytic activity, which are affected during Hp infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS Macrophages derived from THP-1 human monocytes primed with LPS Hp/Ec and/or S. cadmica extracts, were examined for the biomarkers of activation (surface, cytoplasmic or soluble), and phagocytic capacity. The bone marrow macrophages of Caviaporcellus were used to determine the engulfment of Hp. RESULTS Priming of THP-1 cells (24h) with LPS Hp/Ec resulted in polarization of M1 macrophages, activation of nuclear factor kappa B, secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, macrophage chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, immunoregulatory IL-10, and production of reactive oxygen species. These effects were diminished after restimulation of cells with S. cadmica extracts. THP-1 macrophages exposed to studied extracts showed an increased phagocytic capacity, in conjunction with elevated CD11b/CD11d expression and enhanced production of inducible nitric oxide synthase. They also increased Hp engulfment by bone marrow macrophages. These effects were not related to a global DNA methylation. CONCLUSIONS S. cadmica extracts possess an immunomodulating activity, which might be useful in control of H. pylori LPS driven activity of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Gonciarz
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha St., 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Piątczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1 St., 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Chmiela
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha St., 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
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Zhang QA, Ma S, Li P, Xie J. The dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis phagosome and the fate of infection. Cell Signal 2023; 108:110715. [PMID: 37192679 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phagosomes are vesicles produced by phagocytosis of phagocytes, which are crucial in immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. After the phagocyte ingests the pathogen, it activates the phagosomes to recruit a series of components and process proteins, to phagocytose, degrade and kill Mtb. Meanwhile, Mtb can resist acid and oxidative stress, block phagosome maturation, and manipulate host immune response. The interaction between Mtb and phagocytes leads to the outcome of infection. The dynamic of this process can affect the cell fate. This article mainly reviews the development and maturation of phagosomes, as well as the dynamics and modifications of Mtb effectors and phagosomes components, and new diagnostic and therapeutic markers involved in phagosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaying Ma
- Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing the Fourth Hospital, Jiankang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Peibo Li
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China.
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Chen XX, Qiao S, Li R, Wang J, Li X, Zhang G. Evasion strategies of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1140449. [PMID: 37007469 PMCID: PMC10063791 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1140449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During the co-evolution of viruses and their hosts, viruses have developed various strategies for overcoming host immunological defenses so that they can proliferate efficiently. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a significant virus to the swine industry across the world, typically establishes prolonged infection via diverse and complicated mechanisms, which is one of the biggest obstacles for controlling the associated disease, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). In this review, we summarize the latest research on how PRRSV circumvents host antiviral responses from both the innate and adaptive immune systems and how this virus utilizes other evasion mechanisms, such as the manipulation of host apoptosis and microRNA. A thorough understanding of the exact mechanisms of PRRSV immune evasion will help with the development of novel antiviral strategies against PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Songlin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuewu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Kim YJ, Park EJ, Lee SH, Silwal P, Kim JK, Yang JS, Whang J, Jang J, Kim JM, Jo EK. Dimethyl itaconate is effective in host-directed antimicrobial responses against mycobacterial infections through multifaceted innate immune pathways. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:49. [PMID: 36882813 PMCID: PMC9993662 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Itaconate, a crucial immunometabolite, plays a critical role in linking immune and metabolic functions to influence host defense and inflammation. Due to its polar structure, the esterified cell-permeable derivatives of itaconate are being developed to provide therapeutic opportunities in infectious and inflammatory diseases. Yet, it remains largely uncharacterized whether itaconate derivatives have potentials in promoting host-directed therapeutics (HDT) against mycobacterial infections. Here, we report dimethyl itaconate (DMI) as the promising candidate for HDT against both Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and nontuberculous mycobacteria by orchestrating multiple innate immune programs. RESULTS DMI per se has low bactericidal activity against Mtb, M. bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and M. avium (Mav). However, DMI robustly activated intracellular elimination of multiple mycobacterial strains (Mtb, BCG, Mav, and even to multidrug-resistant Mtb) in macrophages and in vivo. DMI significantly suppressed the production of interleukin-6 and -10, whereas it enhanced autophagy and phagosomal maturation, during Mtb infection. DMI-mediated autophagy partly contributed to antimicrobial host defenses in macrophages. Moreover, DMI significantly downregulated the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling during infection with Mtb, BCG, and Mav. CONCLUSION Together, DMI has potent anti-mycobacterial activities in macrophages and in vivo through promoting multifaceted ways for innate host defenses. DMI may bring light to new candidate for HDT against Mtb and nontuberculous mycobacteria, both of which infections are often intractable with antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jae Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Park
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Lee
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Prashanta Silwal
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeong Seong Yang
- Department of Research and Development, Korea Mycobacterium Resource Center (KMRC), The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Osong, 28158, South Korea
| | - Jake Whang
- Department of Research and Development, Korea Mycobacterium Resource Center (KMRC), The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Osong, 28158, South Korea
| | - Jichan Jang
- Division of Life Science, Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea. .,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea. .,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Parsons JB, Westgeest AC, Conlon BP, Fowler VG. Persistent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Host, Pathogen, and Treatment. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:455. [PMID: 36978320 PMCID: PMC10044482 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a devastating pathogen responsible for a variety of life-threatening infections. A distinctive characteristic of this pathogen is its ability to persist in the bloodstream for several days despite seemingly appropriate antibiotics. Persistent MRSA bacteremia is common and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. The etiology of persistent MRSA bacteremia is a result of the complex interplay between the host, the pathogen, and the antibiotic used to treat the infection. In this review, we explore the factors related to each component of the host-pathogen interaction and discuss the clinical relevance of each element. Next, we discuss the treatment options and diagnostic approaches for the management of persistent MRSA bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B. Parsons
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Annette C. Westgeest
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Brian P. Conlon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Vance G. Fowler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Implication of the IL-10-Expression Signature in the Pathogenicity of Leptospira-Infected Macrophages. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0259521. [PMID: 35638785 PMCID: PMC9241676 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02595-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis, an emerging infectious disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp., occurs in ecoregions with heavy rainfall and has public health implications. Macrophages are the major anti-Leptospira phagocytes that infiltrate the kidneys during renal leptospirosis, which is caused by leptospires residing in the renal tubules. The pathogenicity of Leptospira spp. in immune effector cells such as macrophages is not well understood. To evaluate this pathogenesis, we characterized and compared the transcriptome-wide alterations in macrophages infected with pathogenic and nonpathogenic Leptospira spp. Using transcriptome data and quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis, at 2 h postinfection, the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-dependent glycolysis pathway was implicated in pathogenic Leptospira-infected macrophages but not in nonpathogenic leptospiral infections. Immune-related biological processes were mostly activated in pathogenic Leptospira-infected macrophages, and flow cytometry investigations revealed that classically activated macrophages represent the predominant polarization status. At 24 h after infection, biological pathways associated with interleukin-10, IL-10, signaling the induction of macrophage tolerance, as well as higher levels of IL-10 mRNA and protein expression, were observed in nonpathogenic Leptospira-infected macrophages compared to in pathogenic leptospiral infection. Following leptospiral infection of macrophages, strong IL-10-expressing transcriptome signatures were observed following nonpathogenic leptospiral infection. The transcriptional programs generated in Leptospira-infected macrophages revealed an inflammatory milieu following the production of a critical anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, which is implicated in controlling the pathogenicity of activated macrophages. These findings imply that IL-10-mediated anti-inflammatory responses and tolerance in activated macrophages induced by nonpathogenic Leptospira spp. infection reduce inflammation and tissue damage, thus providing a potential therapeutic target for leptospirosis. IMPORTANCE Activation of macrophages by Leptospira spp. infection is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of leptospirosis. To evaluate the innate macrophage responses to Leptospira spp., specifically pathogenic versus nonpathogenic Leptospira spp., we characterized the entire transcriptome-wide alterations in infected macrophages. We showed that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and immune-related pathways are activated in pathogenic leptospiral-infected macrophages. We confirmed the significantly high levels of IL-10-expressing signatures and tolerance in activated macrophages caused by nonpathogenic Leptospira infection. Furthermore, nonpathogenic leptospiral infections attenuated macrophage activation responses. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for the immune microenvironment caused by macrophage activation driven by IL-10 overexpression, which may contribute to regulating inflammation in leptospirosis.
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Huemer M, Mairpady Shambat S, Brugger SD, Zinkernagel AS. Antibiotic resistance and persistence-Implications for human health and treatment perspectives. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e51034. [PMID: 33400359 PMCID: PMC7726816 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and persistence are associated with an elevated risk of treatment failure and relapsing infections. They are thus important drivers of increased morbidity and mortality rates resulting in growing healthcare costs. Antibiotic resistance is readily identifiable with standard microbiological assays, and the threat imposed by antibiotic resistance has been well recognized. Measures aiming to reduce resistance development and spreading of resistant bacteria are being enforced. However, the phenomenon of bacteria surviving antibiotic exposure despite being fully susceptible, so-called antibiotic persistence, is still largely underestimated. In contrast to antibiotic resistance, antibiotic persistence is difficult to measure and therefore often missed, potentially leading to treatment failures. In this review, we focus on bacterial mechanisms allowing evasion of antibiotic killing and discuss their implications on human health. We describe the relationship between antibiotic persistence and bacterial heterogeneity and discuss recent studies that link bacterial persistence and tolerance with the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Finally, we review persister detection methods, novel strategies aiming at eradicating bacterial persisters and the latest advances in the development of new antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Huemer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Srikanth Mairpady Shambat
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Silvio D Brugger
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Annelies S Zinkernagel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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12
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Quan H, Kim J, Na YR, Kim JH, Kim BJ, Kim BJ, Hong JJ, Hwang ES, Seok SH. Human Cytomegalovirus-Induced Interleukin-10 Production Promotes the Proliferation of Mycobacterium massiliense in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2020; 11:518605. [PMID: 33013921 PMCID: PMC7511582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.518605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) exploits the interleukin-10 (IL-10) pathway as a part of its infection cycle through the manipulation of the host IL-10 signaling cascade. Based on its immunomodulatory nature, HCMV attenuates the host immune response and facilitates the progression of co-infection with other pathogens in an immune-competent host. To investigate the impact of HCMV infection on the burden of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), whose prevalence is growing rapidly worldwide, macrophages were infected with HCMV and further challenged with Mycobacterium massiliense in vitro. The results showed that HCMV infection significantly increased host IL-10 synthesis and promoted the proliferation of M. massiliense in an IL-10-dependent manner. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that HCMV infection dampened the regulatory pathways of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 (IL-1), consequently abrogating the immune responses to M. massiliense coinfection in macrophages. These findings provide a mechanistic basis of how HCMV infection may facilitate the development of pathogenic NTM co-infection by upregulating IL-10 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailian Quan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Global Center for Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yi Rang Na
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Heon Kim
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Global Center for Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Jun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Joo Hong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Eung Soo Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Global Center for Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Seok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Global Center for Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Mukhopadhyay S, Heinz E, Porreca I, Alasoo K, Yeung A, Yang HT, Schwerd T, Forbester JL, Hale C, Agu CA, Choi YH, Rodrigues J, Capitani M, Jostins-Dean L, Thomas DC, Travis S, Gaffney D, Skarnes WC, Thomson N, Uhlig HH, Dougan G, Powrie F. Loss of IL-10 signaling in macrophages limits bacterial killing driven by prostaglandin E2. J Exp Med 2020; 217:132614. [PMID: 31819956 PMCID: PMC7041704 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines and lipid mediators are key regulators of inflammation; but how they are mechanistically linked is poorly understood. Here, Mukhopadhyay et al. show a novel regulation between cytokine IL-10 and lipid mediator PGE2 that functionally connects them to intestinal inflammation. Loss of IL-10 signaling in macrophages (Mφs) leads to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from an infantile-onset IBD patient lacking a functional IL10RB gene. Mφs differentiated from IL-10RB−/− iPSCs lacked IL-10RB mRNA expression, were unable to phosphorylate STAT3, and failed to reduce LPS induced inflammatory cytokines in the presence of exogenous IL-10. IL-10RB−/− Mφs exhibited a striking defect in their ability to kill Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, which was rescuable after experimentally introducing functional copies of the IL10RB gene. Genes involved in synthesis and receptor pathways for eicosanoid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were more highly induced in IL-10RB−/− Mφs, and these Mφs produced higher amounts of PGE2 after LPS stimulation compared with controls. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of PGE2 synthesis and PGE2 receptor blockade enhanced bacterial killing in Mφs. These results identify a regulatory interaction between IL-10 and PGE2, dysregulation of which may drive aberrant Mφ activation and impaired host defense contributing to IBD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Mukhopadhyay
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eva Heinz
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Kaur Alasoo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amy Yeung
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Huei-Ting Yang
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Swiss Precision Dignostics Development Company Limited, Bedford, UK
| | - Tobias Schwerd
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica L Forbester
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Yoon Ha Choi
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Melania Capitani
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Luke Jostins-Dean
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David C Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon Travis
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - William C Skarnes
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Nicholas Thomson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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14
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Poole E, Neves TC, Oliveira MT, Sinclair J, da Silva MCC. Human Cytomegalovirus Interleukin 10 Homologs: Facing the Immune System. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:245. [PMID: 32582563 PMCID: PMC7296156 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can cause a variety of health disorders that can lead to death in immunocompromised individuals and neonates. The HCMV lifecycle comprises both a lytic (productive) and a latent (non-productive) phase. HCMV lytic infection occurs in a wide range of terminally differentiated cell types. HCMV latency has been less well-studied, but one characterized site of latency is in precursor cells of the myeloid lineage. All known viral genes are expressed during a lytic infection and a subset of these are also transcribed during latency. The UL111A gene which encodes the viral IL-10, a homolog of the human IL-10, is one of these genes. During infection, different transcript isoforms of UL111A are generated by alternative splicing. The most studied of the UL111A isoforms are cmvIL-10 (also termed the "A" transcript) and LAcmvIL-10 (also termed the "B" transcript), the latter being a well-characterized latency associated transcript. Both isoforms can downregulate MHC class II, however they differ in a number of other immunomodulatory properties, such as the ability to bind the IL10 receptor and induce signaling through STAT3. There are also a number of other isoforms which have been identified which are expressed by differential splicing during lytic infection termed C, D, E, F, and G, although these have been less extensively studied. HCMV uses the viral IL-10 proteins to manipulate the immune system during lytic and latent phases of infection. In this review, we will discuss the literature on the viral IL-10 transcripts identified to date, their encoded proteins and the structures of these proteins as well as the functional properties of all the different isoforms of viral IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Poole
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tainan Cerqueira Neves
- Center for Natural and Humanities Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Martha Trindade Oliveira
- Center for Natural and Humanities Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - John Sinclair
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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15
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Chen C, Feng P, Slots J. Herpesvirus-bacteria synergistic interaction in periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2020; 82:42-64. [PMID: 31850623 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of severe periodontitis includes herpesvirus-bacteria coinfection. This article evaluates the pathogenicity of herpesviruses (cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus) and periodontopathic bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis) and coinfection of these infectious agents in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. Cytomegalovirus and A. actinomycetemcomitans/P. gingivalis exercise synergistic pathogenicity in the development of localized ("aggressive") juvenile periodontitis. Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus are associated with P. gingivalis in adult types of periodontitis. Periodontal herpesviruses that enter the general circulation may also contribute to disease development in various organ systems. A 2-way interaction is likely to occur between periodontal herpesviruses and periodontopathic bacteria, with herpesviruses promoting bacterial upgrowth, and bacterial factors reactivating latent herpesviruses. Bacterial-induced gingivitis may facilitate herpesvirus colonization of the periodontium, and herpesvirus infections may impede the antibacterial host defense and alter periodontal cells to predispose for bacterial adherence and invasion. Herpesvirus-bacteria synergistic interactions, are likely to comprise an important pathogenic determinant of aggressive periodontitis. However, mechanistic investigations into the molecular and cellular interaction between periodontal herpesviruses and bacteria are still scarce. Herpesvirus-bacteria coinfection studies may yield significant new discoveries of pathogenic determinants, and drug and vaccine targets to minimize or prevent periodontitis and periodontitis-related systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Chen
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pinghui Feng
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jørgen Slots
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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16
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Bouzeyen R, Haoues M, Barbouche MR, Singh R, Essafi M. FOXO3 Transcription Factor Regulates IL-10 Expression in Mycobacteria-Infected Macrophages, Tuning Their Polarization and the Subsequent Adaptive Immune Response. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2922. [PMID: 31921181 PMCID: PMC6927284 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar Macrophages play a key role in the development of a robust adaptive immune response against the agent of Tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). However, macrophage response is often hampered by the production of IL-10, a potent suppressor of the host immune response. The secretion of IL-10 correlates with TB pathogenesis and persistence in host tissues. Concordantly, inhibition of IL-10 signaling, during BCG vaccination, confers higher protection against M.tb through a sustained Th1 and Th17 responses. Therefore, uncovering host effectors, underlying mycobacteria-induced expression of IL-10, may be beneficial toward the development of IL-10-blocking tools to be used either as adjuvants in preventive vaccination or as adjunct during standard treatment of TB. Here, we investigated the role of FOXO3 transcription factor in mycobacteria-induced secretion of IL-10. We observed that PI3K/Akt/FOXO3 axis regulates IL-10 expression in human macrophages. Knocking down of FOXO3 expression resulted in an increase of IL-10 production in BCG-infected macrophages. The gene reporter assay further confirmed the transcriptional regulation of IL-10 by FOXO3. In silico analysis identified four Forkhead binding motifs on the human IL-10 promoter, from which the typical FOXO3 one at position -203 was the major target as assessed by mutagenesis and CHIP binding assays. Further, we also observed a decrease in gene expression levels of the M1 typical markers (i.e., CD80 and CD86) in SiFOXO3-transfected macrophages while activation of FOXO3 led to the increase in the expression of CD86, MHCI, and MHCII. Finally, co-culture of human lymphocytes with siFOXO3-transfected macrophages, loaded with mycobacterial antigens, showed decreased expression of Th1/Th17 specific markers and a simultaneous increase in expression of IL-4 and IL-10. Taken together, we report for the first time that FOXO3 modulates IL-10 secretion in mycobacteria-infected macrophage, driving their polarization and the subsequent adaptive immune response. This work proposes FOXO3 as a potential target for the development of host-directed strategies for better treatment or prevention of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Bouzeyen
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Laboratoire de Recherche 11 (LR11), Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriam Haoues
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Laboratoire de Recherche 11 (LR11), Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Laboratoire de Recherche 11 (LR11), Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Makram Essafi
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), Laboratoire de Recherche 11 (LR11), Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis, Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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17
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Bravo-Santano N, Capilla-Lasheras P, Mateos LM, Calle Y, Behrends V, Letek M. Identification of novel targets for host-directed therapeutics against intracellular Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15435. [PMID: 31659191 PMCID: PMC6817851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
During patient colonization, Staphylococcus aureus is able to invade and proliferate within human cells to evade the immune system and last resort drugs such as vancomycin. Hijacking specific host molecular factors and/or pathways is necessary for pathogens to successfully establish an intracellular infection. In this study, we employed an unbiased shRNA screening coupled with ultra-fast sequencing to screen 16,000 human genes during S. aureus infection and we identified several host genes important for this intracellular pathogen. In addition, we interrogated our screening results to find novel host-targeted therapeutics against intracellular S. aureus. We found that silencing the human gene TRAM2 resulted in a significant reduction of intracellular bacterial load while host cell viability was restored, showing its importance during intracellular infection. Furthermore, TRAM2 is an interactive partner of the endoplasmic reticulum SERCA pumps and treatment with the SERCA-inhibitor Thapsigargin halted intracellular MRSA survival. Our results suggest that Thapsigargin could be repurposed to tackle S. aureus host cell infection in combination with conventional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luis M Mateos
- Department of Molecular Biology, Area of Microbiology, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Yolanda Calle
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Volker Behrends
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Roehampton, London, UK.
| | - Michal Letek
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Roehampton, London, UK.
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18
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Alex Pasternak J, MacPhee DJ, Harding JCS. Fetal cytokine response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-2 infection. Cytokine 2019; 126:154883. [PMID: 31629108 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To understand the fetal immune response to porcine reproductive and respiratory virus-2 (PRRSV) and to evaluate the association with fetal viability, pregnant gilts were challenged on gestation day 85 and euthanized 21 days post infection. Based on preservation status and viral load in serum and thymus, fetuses were classified as either uninfected-viable (UNIF), high viral load viable (HV-VIA), or high viral load meconium stained (HV-MEC) and were compared with age matched control (CON) fetuses derived from mock infected gilts. Gene expression of IFNB, IFNG, CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10 and IL10, were all found to be significantly upregulated in the thymus and spleen of both high viral load groups. UNIF fetuses remained largely unaffected, with only small upregulations in IFNA and IL10 in the thymus, and IFNA, CCL5 and CXCL10 in the spleen. Regarding fetal viability, expression of CCL5 was significantly elevated in the thymus and spleen of HV-MEC compared to HV-VIA fetuses. The concentrations of IFNα, IFNγ, TNFα and CCL2 were elevated in the sera of all infected fetuses, whereas IFNβ was below the detection limit in all fetal sera. Additional gene expression analysis in the thymus showed significant downregulation of CDK1, CDK2 and CDK4, and upregulation of the inhibitor CDKN1A, suggesting altered regulation of cell cycle progression. Collectively, these results show near complete compartmentalization of the fetal immune response to infected fetuses and suggest this immune response is not a major contributor to fetal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alex Pasternak
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Dr., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - Daniel J MacPhee
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Dr., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - John C S Harding
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Dr., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
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19
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Blaylock RL. Accelerated cancer aggressiveness by viral oncomodulation: New targets and newer natural treatments for cancer control and treatment. Surg Neurol Int 2019; 10:199. [PMID: 31768279 PMCID: PMC6826277 DOI: 10.25259/sni_361_2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An infectious etiology for a number of cancers has been entertained for over 100 years and modern studies have confirmed that a number of viruses are linked to cancer induction. While a large number of viruses have been demonstrated in a number of types of cancers, most such findings have been dismissed in the past as opportunistic infections, especially with persistent viruses with high rates of infectivity of the world’s populations. More recent studies have clearly shown that while not definitely causing these cancers, these viruses appear capable of affecting the biology of these tumors in such a way as to make them more aggressive and more resistant to conventional treatments. The term oncomodulatory viruses has been used to describe this phenomenon. A number of recent studies have shown a growing number of ways these oncomodulatory viruses can alter the pathology of these tumors by affecting cell-signaling, cell metabolism, apoptosis mechanisms, cell-cell communication, inflammation, antitumor immunity suppression, and angiogenesis. We are also learning that much of the behavior of tumors depends on cancer stem cells and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment, which participate in extensive, dynamic crosstalk known to affect tumor behavior. Cancer stem cells have been found to be particularly susceptible to infection by human cytomegalovirus. In a number of studies, it has been shown that while only a select number of cells are actually infected with the virus, numerous viral proteins are released into cancer and stromal cells in the microenvironment and these viral proteins are known to affect tumor behavior and aggressiveness.
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20
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Lineage-dependent differences of Zika virus infection in a susceptible mouse model are associated with different profiles of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and acute phase proteins. Cytokine 2019; 125:154864. [PMID: 31577989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is phylogenetically divided into two lineages comprising African (ZIKVAF) and Asian (ZIKVAS) genotypes. In the type-I interferon receptor deficient mouse model, ZIKVAF causes severe disease with all mice meeting humane endpoints with doses as low as 10 plaque-forming units (pfu) whereas a much milder infection is seen after challenge with ZIKVAS, including with doses as high as 106 pfu. Using this mouse model, the elucidation of cytokine, chemokine, growth factor and acute phase protein responses over the course of infection were studied to determine whether these analytes contributed to the stark difference in clinical outcome. Results demonstrated some significant differences, with the ZIKVAF infection being associated with increases in a higher number of biomarkers than ZIKVAS. When low (10 pfu) and high (106 pfu) challenge doses were compared, animals given the lower virus inoculum showed a wider range of responses, indicating a different disease progression compared to those challenged with high doses. These results aid with elucidating the different outcomes with the two lineages of ZIKV and with future work to assess pathogenicity of virus infection.
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21
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Cytokine Effects on the Entry of Filovirus Envelope Pseudotyped Virus-Like Particles into Primary Human Macrophages. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100889. [PMID: 31547585 PMCID: PMC6832363 DOI: 10.3390/v11100889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the first and also a major site of filovirus replication and, in addition, are a source of multiple cytokines, presumed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the viral infection. Some of these cytokines are known to induce macrophage phenotypic changes in vitro, but how macrophage polarization may affect the cell susceptibility to filovirus entry remains largely unstudied. We generated different macrophage subsets using cytokine pre-treatment and subsequently tested their ability to fuse with beta-lactamase containing virus-like particles (VLP), pseudotyped with the surface glycoprotein of Ebola virus (EBOV) or the glycoproteins of other clinically relevant filovirus species. We found that pre-incubation of primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) with interleukin-10 (IL-10) significantly enhanced filovirus entry into cells obtained from multiple healthy donors, and the IL-10 effect was preserved in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines found to be elevated during EBOV disease. In contrast, fusion of IL-10-treated macrophages with influenza hemagglutinin/neuraminidase pseudotyped VLPs was unchanged or slightly reduced. Importantly, our in vitro data showing enhanced virus entry are consistent with the correlation established between elevated serum IL-10 and increased mortality in filovirus infected patients and also reveal a novel mechanism that may account for the IL-10-mediated increase in filovirus pathogenicity.
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22
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Genetic variation of DNA methyltransferase-3A contributes to protection against persistent MRSA bacteremia in patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20087-20096. [PMID: 31527248 PMCID: PMC6778225 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909849116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The severity and duration of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia varies widely between individuals. Host factors predisposing to persistent MRSA bacteremia are poorly understood, although genetic association studies are beginning to identify potentially influential variants. We found an association between the A/C heterozygous genotype in the DNMT3A correlating with shorter time to resolution of MRSA bacteremia. Using in vitro macrophage assays and murine sepsis models, we demonstrated that DNMT3A variants may alter host response to infection through increased methylation of key regulatory genes, resulting in reduced interleukin-10 production and in turn, allowing for a more protective immune response that clears infection. An improved understanding of the factors predisposing to persistent MRSA bacteremia may help to discover better treatment options. The role of the host in development of persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia is not well understood. A cohort of prospectively enrolled patients with persistent methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia (PB) and resolving methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia (RB) matched by sex, age, race, hemodialysis status, diabetes mellitus, and presence of implantable medical device was studied to gain insights into this question. One heterozygous g.25498283A > C polymorphism located in the DNMT3A intronic region of chromosome 2p with no impact in messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was more common in RB (21 of 34, 61.8%) than PB (3 of 34, 8.8%) patients (P = 7.8 × 10−6). Patients with MRSA bacteremia and g.25498283A > C genotype exhibited significantly higher levels of methylation in gene-regulatory CpG island regions (Δmethylation = 4.1%, P < 0.0001) and significantly lower serum levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) than patients with MRSA bacteremia without DNMT3A mutation (A/C: 9.7038 pg/mL vs. A/A: 52.9898 pg/mL; P = 0.0042). Expression of DNMT3A was significantly suppressed in patients with S. aureus bacteremia and in S. aureus-challenged primary human macrophages. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing of DNMT3A expression in human macrophages caused increased IL-10 response upon S. aureus stimulation. Treating macrophages with methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine resulted in increased levels of IL-10 when challenged with S. aureus. In the murine sepsis model, methylation inhibition increased susceptibility to S. aureus. These findings indicate that g.25498283A > C genotype within DNMT3A contributes to increased capacity to resolve MRSA bacteremia, potentially through a mechanism involving increased methylation of gene-regulatory regions and reduced levels of antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10.
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Montironi ID, Reinoso EB, Paullier VC, Siri MI, Pianzzola MJ, Moliva M, Campra N, Bagnis G, Ferreira LaRocque-de-Freitas I, Decote-Ricardo D, Freire-de-Lima CG, Raviolo JM, Cariddi LN. Minthostachys verticillata essential oil activates macrophage phagocytosis and modulates the innate immune response in a murine model of Enterococcus faecium mastitis. Res Vet Sci 2019; 125:333-344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Negi S, Pahari S, Bashir H, Agrewala JN. Gut Microbiota Regulates Mincle Mediated Activation of Lung Dendritic Cells to Protect Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1142. [PMID: 31231363 PMCID: PMC6558411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbial components serve as ligand for various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) present on immune cells and thereby regulates host immunity. Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly specialized innate cells involved in immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. The gut-lung axis is a potential therapeutic target in tuberculosis; however, understanding of the innate immune mechanism underlying the interaction of gut microbiota and lung still remains obscure. We investigated if antibiotics (Abx) induced gut dysbiosis is able to affect the activation of innate receptor, macrophage inducible C-type lectin (mincle) in lungs during Mtb infection. We found that dysbiosis reduced the lung mincle expression with a concomitant increase in Mtb survival. Further, Abx diminished the effector and memory T cell population, while elevating frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the lungs. Here, we show that dysbiotic mice exhibited low mincle expression on lung DCs. These DCs with impaired phenotype and functions had reduced ability to activate naïve CD4 T cells, and thus unable to restrict Mtb survival. In vivo administration of trehalose-6,6-dibehenate (TDB: mincle ligand) efficiently rescued this immune defect by enhancing lung DCs function and subsequent T cell response. Further, gut microbial profiling revealed augmentation of Lactobacillus upon mincle stimulation in microbiota depleted animals. Accordingly, supplementation with Lactobacillus restored mincle expression on lung DCs along with anti-Mtb response. Our data demonstrate that gut microbiota is crucial to maintain DC-dependent lung immune response against Mtb, mediated by mincle. Abx interrupt this process to induce impaired T cell-response and increased susceptibility to Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Negi
- Immunology Division, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Susanta Pahari
- Immunology Division, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Immunology Division, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Hilal Bashir
- Immunology Division, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Javed N Agrewala
- Immunology Division, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Rupnagar, India
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Vijayamahantesh, Vijayalaxmi. Tinkering with targeting nucleotide signaling for control of intracellular Leishmania parasites. Cytokine 2019; 119:129-143. [PMID: 30909149 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotides are one of the most primitive extracellular signalling molecules across all phyla and regulate a multitude of responses. The biological effects of extracellular nucleotides/sides are mediated via the specific purinergic receptors present on the cell surface. In mammalian system, adenine nucleotides are the predominant nucleotides found in the extracellular milieu and mediate a constellation of physiological functions. In the context of host-pathogen interaction, extracellular ATP is recognized as a danger signal and potentiates the release of pro-inflammatory mediators from activated immune cells, on the other hand, its breakdown product adenosine exerts potential anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions. Therefore, it is increasingly apparent that the interplay between extracellular ATP/adenosine ratios has a significant role in coordinating the regulation of the immune system in health and diseases. Several pathogens express ectonucleotidases on their surface and exploit the purinergic signalling as one of the mechanisms to modulate the host immune response. Leishmania pathogens are one of the most successful intracellular pathogens which survive within host macrophages and manipulate protective Th1 response into disease promoting Th2 response. In this review, we discuss the regulation of extracellular ATP and adenosine levels, the role of ATP/adenosine counter signalling in regulating the inflammation and immune responses during infection and how Leishmania parasites exploit the purinergic signalling to manipulate host response. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities in targeting purinergic signalling and the future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayamahantesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Vijayalaxmi
- Department of Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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Visser JG, Van Staden ADP, Smith C. Harnessing Macrophages for Controlled-Release Drug Delivery: Lessons From Microbes. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:22. [PMID: 30740053 PMCID: PMC6355695 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With the effectiveness of therapeutic agents ever decreasing and the increased incidence of multi-drug resistant pathogens, there is a clear need for administration of more potent, potentially more toxic, drugs. Alternatively, biopharmaceuticals may hold potential but require specialized protection from premature in vivo degradation. Thus, a paralleled need for specialized drug delivery systems has arisen. Although cell-mediated drug delivery is not a completely novel concept, the few applications described to date are not yet ready for in vivo application, for various reasons such as drug-induced carrier cell death, limited control over the site and timing of drug release and/or drug degradation by the host immune system. Here, we present our hypothesis for a new drug delivery system, which aims to negate these limitations. We propose transport of nanoparticle-encapsulated drugs inside autologous macrophages polarized to M1 phenotype for high mobility and treated to induce transient phagosome maturation arrest. In addition, we propose a significant shift of existing paradigms in the study of host-microbe interactions, in order to study microbial host immune evasion and dissemination patterns for their therapeutic utilization in the context of drug delivery. We describe a system in which microbial strategies may be adopted to facilitate absolute control over drug delivery, and without sacrificing the host carrier cells. We provide a comprehensive summary of the lessons we can learn from microbes in the context of drug delivery and discuss their feasibility for in vivo therapeutic application. We then describe our proposed "synthetic microbe drug delivery system" in detail. In our opinion, this multidisciplinary approach may hold the solution to effective, controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Georg Visser
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | | | - Carine Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
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Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome phlebovirus non-structural protein activates TPL2 signalling pathway for viral immunopathogenesis. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:429-437. [PMID: 30617349 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome phlebovirus (SFTSV), listed in the World Health Organization Prioritized Pathogens, is an emerging phlebovirus with a high fatality1-4. Owing to the lack of therapies and vaccines5,6, there is a pressing need to understand SFTSV pathogenesis. SFSTV non-structural protein (NSs) has been shown to block type I interferon induction7-11 and facilitate disease progression12,13. Here, we report that SFTSV-NSs targets the tumour progression locus 2 (TPL2)-A20-binding inhibitor of NF-κB activation 2 (ABIN2)-p105 complex to induce the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) for viral pathogenesis. Using a combination of reverse genetics, a TPL2 kinase inhibitor and Tpl2-/- mice showed that NSs interacted with ABIN2 and promoted TPL2 complex formation and signalling activity, resulting in the marked upregulation of Il10 expression. Whereas SFTSV infection of wild-type mice led to rapid weight loss and death, Tpl2-/- mice or Il10-/- mice survived an infection. Furthermore, SFTSV-NSs P102A and SFTSV-NSs K211R that lost the ability to induce TPL2 signalling and IL-10 production showed drastically reduced pathogenesis. Remarkably, the exogenous administration of recombinant IL-10 effectively rescued the attenuated pathogenic activity of SFTSV-NSs P102A, resulting in a lethal infection. Our study demonstrates that SFTSV-NSs targets the TPL2 signalling pathway to induce immune-suppressive IL-10 cytokine production as a means to dampen the host defence and promote viral pathogenesis.
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Activation of Macrophages by Oligomeric Proteins of Different Size and Origin. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:7501985. [PMID: 30581370 PMCID: PMC6276464 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7501985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of macrophages is one of the key processes in generating the immune response against pathogens or misfolded/aggregated otherwise unharmful host's proteins. Antigens and their immune complexes (IC) may shape macrophage phenotype in various directions. Data on the impact of protein structure during inflammation are evident; however, some separate steps of this process involving changes in macrophage phenotype are not fully understood. Our aim was to investigate the phenotype of macrophages after activation with different oligomeric proteins and their IC. We have used amyloid beta (Aβ 1-42) that plays a role in neurodegenerative inflammation as a model of host-associated protein and three oligomeric viral antigens as pathogen-associated proteins. Murine cell lines J774, BV-2, and macrophage primary cell culture were treated with oligomeric proteins and their IC. After 48 h, expression of surface markers F4/80, CD68, CD86, and CD206 and secreted cytokines IL-10, IL-12, IL-23, and TNF-α was analysed. Aβ 1-42 oligomers stimulated expression of both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules; however, fibrils induced less intense expression of markers investigated as compared to small and large oligomers. Two out of three viral oligomeric proteins induced the inflammatory response of macrophages. Data suggest that macrophage activation pattern depends on the origin, size, and structure of oligomeric proteins.
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Gorby C, Martinez-Fabregas J, Wilmes S, Moraga I. Mapping Determinants of Cytokine Signaling via Protein Engineering. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2143. [PMID: 30319612 PMCID: PMC6170656 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines comprise a large family of secreted ligands that are critical for the regulation of immune homeostasis. Cytokines initiate signaling via dimerization or oligomerization of the cognate receptor subunits, triggering the activation of the Janus Kinases (JAKs)/ signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs) pathway and the induction of specific gene expression programs and bioactivities. Deregulation of cytokines or their downstream signaling pathways are at the root of many human disorders including autoimmunity and cancer. Identifying and understanding the mechanistic principles that govern cytokine signaling will, therefore, be highly important in order to harness the therapeutic potential of cytokines. In this review, we will analyze how biophysical (ligand-receptor binding geometry and affinity) and cellular (receptor trafficking and intracellular abundance of signaling molecules) parameters shape the cytokine signalosome and cytokine functional pleiotropy; from the initial cytokine binding to its receptor to the degradation of the cytokine receptor complex in the proteasome and/or lysosome. We will also discuss how combining advanced protein engineering with detailed signaling and functional studies has opened promising avenues to tackle complex questions in the cytokine signaling field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gorby
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Martinez-Fabregas
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Wilmes
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio Moraga
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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30
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Bosinger SE, Tharp GK, Patel NB, Zhao C, Payne TL, Dietz Ostergaard S, Butler K, Ellis S, Johnson RL, Kersh EN, McNicholl JM, Vishwanathan SA. Progestin-based contraception regimens modulate expression of putative HIV risk factors in the vaginal epithelium of pig-tailed Macaques. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e13029. [PMID: 30076667 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM In women, the use of progestin-based contraception may increase the risk of vaginal HIV acquisition. We previously showed in macaques that there is a significantly higher simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) acquisition rate in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, which presents a naturally high-progesterone state, and this may be attributable to altered expression of innate immune factors. We hypothesized that progestin-based contraception, especially depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), would, in a similar way, affect mucosal immune factors that influence HIV acquisition risk. METHOD OF STUDY We used a pig-tailed macaque model to evaluate the effects of two progestin-based contraceptives, DMPA, and levonorgestrel (LNG)/ethinyl estradiol (EE)-based combined oral contraceptives (COCs), on innate mucosal factors. We compared the vaginal epithelial thickness data from previous studies and used cytokine profiling and microarray analysis to evaluate contraception-induced molecular changes in the vagina. RESULTS The administration of DMPA caused a reduction in the thickness of the vaginal epithelium relative to that of the follicular or luteal phase. DMPA also induced a significant increase in vaginal levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Both DMPA- and LNG-based contraception induced a signature of gene expression similar to that of the luteal phase, only more exacerbated, including widespread downregulation of antiviral genes. CONCLUSION The use of progestin-based contraception might engender a milieu that poses an increased risk of HIV acquisition as compared to both the luteal and follicular phases of the menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Bosinger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gregory K Tharp
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nirav B Patel
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | - Katherine Butler
- Office of the Associate Director for Laboratory Science and Safety, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Ellen N Kersh
- Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
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Lv H, Dong W, Guo K, Jin M, Li X, Li C, Zhang Y. Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factor 5 Interacts with the NS3 Protein and Promotes Classical Swine Fever Virus Replication. Viruses 2018; 10:v10060305. [PMID: 29874812 PMCID: PMC6024839 DOI: 10.3390/v10060305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever, caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV), is a highly contagious and high-mortality viral disease, causing huge economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. CSFV non-structural protein 3 (NS3), a multifunctional protein, plays crucial roles in viral replication. However, how NS3 exactly exerts these functions is currently unknown. Here, we identified tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 5 (TRAF5) as a novel binding partner of the NS3 protein via yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays. Furthermore, we observed that TRAF5 promoted CSFV replication in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). Additionally, CSFV infection or NS3 expression upregulated TRAF5 expression, implying that CSFV may exploit TRAF5 via NS3 for better growth. Moreover, CSFV infection and TRAF5 expression activated p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, and inhibition of p38 MAPK activation by the SB203580 inhibitor suppressed CSFV replication. Notably, TRAF5 overexpression did not promote CSFV replication following inhibition of p38 MAPK activation. Our findings reveal that TRAF5 promotes CSFV replication via p38 MAPK activation. This work provides a novel insight into the role of TRAF5 in CSFV replication capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Wang Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Kangkang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Mingxing Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Ningbo Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Ningbo 315000, China.
| | - Cunfa Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Yanming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Rebl A, Goldammer T. Under control: The innate immunity of fish from the inhibitors' perspective. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:328-349. [PMID: 29631025 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune response involves a concerted network of induced gene products, preformed immune effectors, biochemical signalling cascades and specialised cells. However, the multifaceted activation of these defensive measures can derail or overshoot and, if left unchecked, overwhelm the host. A plenty of regulatory devices therefore mediate the fragile equilibrium between pathogen defence and pathophysiological manifestations. Over the past decade in particular, an almost complete set of teleostean sequences orthologous to mammalian immunoregulatory factors has been identified in various fish species, which prove the remarkable conservation of innate immune-control concepts among vertebrates. This review will present the current knowledge on more than 50 teleostean regulatory factors (plus additional fish-specific paralogs) that are of paramount importance for controlling the clotting cascade, the complement system, pattern-recognition pathways and cytokine-signalling networks. A special focus lies on those immunoregulatory features that have emerged as potential biomarker genes in transcriptome-wide research studies. Moreover, we report on the latest progress in elucidating control elements that act directly with immune-gene-encoding nucleic acids, such as transcription factors, hormone receptors and micro- and long noncoding RNAs. Investigations into the function of teleostean inhibitory factors are still mainly based on gene-expression profiling or overexpression studies. However, in support of structural and in-vitro analyses, evidence from in-vivo trials is also available and revealed many biochemical details on piscine immune regulation. The presence of multiple gene copies in fish adds a degree of complexity, as it is so far hardly understood if they might play distinct roles during inflammation. The present review addresses this and other open questions that should be tackled by fish immunologists in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rebl
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Dummerstorf, Germany
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Díaz FE, Abarca K, Kalergis AM. An Update on Host-Pathogen Interplay and Modulation of Immune Responses during Orientia tsutsugamushi Infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018; 31:e00076-17. [PMID: 29386235 PMCID: PMC5967693 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00076-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The obligate intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi is the causative agent of scrub typhus in humans, a serious mite-borne disease present in a widespread area of endemicity, which affects an estimated 1 million people every year. This disease may exhibit a broad range of presentations, ranging from asymptomatic to fatal conditions, with the latter being due to disseminated endothelial infection and organ injury. Unique characteristics of the biology and host-pathogen interactions of O. tsutsugamushi, including the high antigenic diversity among strains and the highly variable, short-lived memory responses developed by the host, underlie difficulties faced in the pursuit of an effective vaccine, which is an imperative need. Other factors that have hindered scientific progress relative to the infectious mechanisms of and the immune response triggered by this bacterium in vertebrate hosts include the limited number of mechanistic studies performed on animal models and the lack of genetic tools currently available for this pathogen. However, recent advances in animal model development are promising to improve our understanding of host-pathogen interactions. Here, we comprehensively discuss the recent advances in and future perspectives on host-pathogen interactions and the modulation of immune responses related to this reemerging disease, highlighting the role of animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián E Díaz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katia Abarca
- Departamento en Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátricas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Pravalika K, Sarmah D, Kaur H, Wanve M, Saraf J, Kalia K, Borah A, Yavagal DR, Dave KR, Bhattacharya P. Myeloperoxidase and Neurological Disorder: A Crosstalk. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:421-430. [PMID: 29351721 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a protein present in azurophilic granules, macrophages, and neutrophils that are released into extracellular fluid (ECF) during inflammation. MPO releases hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and other chlorinated species. It is derived from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) showing response during inflammatory conditions and plays a role in the immune defense against pathogens. MPO may show unwanted effects by indirectly increasing the formation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) leading to inflammation and oxidative stress. As neuroinflammation is one of the inevitable biological components among most of neurological disorders, MPO and its receptor may be explored as candidates for future clinical interventions. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the pathophysiological characteristics of MPO and further explore the possibilities to target it for clinical use. Targeting MPO is promising and may open an avenue to act as a biomarker for diagnosis with defined risk stratification in patients with various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Pravalika
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad Gandhinagar, 382 355 Gujarat, India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad Gandhinagar, 382 355 Gujarat, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad Gandhinagar, 382 355 Gujarat, India
| | - Madhuri Wanve
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad Gandhinagar, 382 355 Gujarat, India
| | - Jackson Saraf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad Gandhinagar, 382 355 Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad Gandhinagar, 382 355 Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788 011 Assam, India
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad Gandhinagar, 382 355 Gujarat, India
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Zhang C, Yang L, Zhao N, Zhao Y, Shi C. Insights into Macrophage Autophagy in Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Role of Heat Shock Protein 16.3. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:442-448. [PMID: 29461881 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.4066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major bacterial infectious disease worldwide that is predominantly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The comorbidity of multiple drug-resistant TB strains with HIV and diabetes is widespread. In the presence of these diseases, host immunity is weakened, allowing the recovery of dormant bacilli and leading to recurrent TB infection. As an important component of the host innate and adaptive immune responses, macrophage autophagy plays a significant role in protecting the host against TB. However, dormant bacilli can escape from autophagosomes and/or suppress autophagy, thus surviving within the host for an extended period of time, although the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Heat shock protein 16.3 (Hsp16.3, HspX, Rv2031c, and Acr) is one of the immunodominant proteins expressed during latent TB infection (LTBI). It may help maintain the protein stability and long-term viability of Mtb by inhibiting macrophage autophagy, resulting in LBTI. In this review, we discuss how dormant bacilli escape from autophagosomes, and we focus on the role of Hsp16.3 in regulating macrophage autophagy in LTBI so as to provide a firm basis for further studies. Hsp16.3 may represent a potential biomarker of LTBI and novel pharmacological target for anti-tubercular drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqin Zhang
- Division of Infection and Immunology, Laboratory Animals Center, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, China
| | - Li Yang
- Division of Infection and Immunology, Laboratory Animals Center, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, China
| | - Ningning Zhao
- Division of Infection and Immunology, Laboratory Animals Center, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Division of Infection and Immunology, Laboratory Animals Center, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, China
| | - Changhong Shi
- Division of Infection and Immunology, Laboratory Animals Center, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, China
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Lang R, Schick J. Review: Impact of Helminth Infection on Antimycobacterial Immunity-A Focus on the Macrophage. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1864. [PMID: 29312343 PMCID: PMC5743664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful immune control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) requires robust CD4+ T cell responses, with IFNγs as the key cytokine promoting killing of intracellular mycobacteria by macrophages. By contrast, helminth infections typically direct the immune system toward a type 2 response, characterized by high levels of the cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, which can antagonize IFNγ production and its biological effects. In many countries with high burden of tuberculosis, helminth infections are endemic and have been associated with increased risk to develop tuberculosis or to inhibit vaccination-induced immunity. Mechanistically, regulation of the antimycobacterial immune response by helminths has been mostly been attributed to the T cell compartment. Here, we review the current status of the literature on the impact of helminths on vaccine-induced and natural immunity to MTB with a focus on the alterations enforced on the capacity of macrophages to function as sensors of mycobacteria and effector cells to control their replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Lang
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Judith Schick
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Asian Zika virus strains target CD14 + blood monocytes and induce M2-skewed immunosuppression during pregnancy. Nat Microbiol 2017; 2:1558-1570. [PMID: 28827581 PMCID: PMC5678934 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-017-0016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Blood CD14+ monocytes are frontline immunomodulators categorized into classical, intermediate or non-classical subsets, and subsequently differentiated into M1 pro- or M2 anti-inflammatory macrophages on stimulation. Although the Zika virus (ZIKV) rapidly establishes viraemia, the target cells and immune responses, particularly during pregnancy, remain elusive. Furthermore, it is unknown whether African- and Asian-lineage ZIKV have different phenotypic impacts on host immune responses. Using human blood infection, we identified CD14+ monocytes as the primary target for African- or Asian-lineage ZIKV infection. When immunoprofiles of human blood infected with ZIKV were compared, a classical/intermediate monocyte-mediated M1-skewed inflammation by the African-lineage ZIKV infection was observed, in contrast to a non-classical monocyte-mediated M2-skewed immunosuppression by the Asian-lineage ZIKV infection. Importantly, infection of the blood of pregnant women revealed an enhanced susceptibility to ZIKV infection. Specifically, Asian-lineage ZIKV infection of pregnant women's blood led to an exacerbated M2-skewed immunosuppression of non-classical monocytes in conjunction with a global suppression of type I interferon-signalling pathway and an aberrant expression of host genes associated with pregnancy complications. Also, 30 ZIKV+ sera from symptomatic pregnant patients showed elevated levels of M2-skewed immunosuppressive cytokines and pregnancy-complication-associated fibronectin-1. This study demonstrates the differential immunomodulatory responses of blood monocytes, particularly during pregnancy, on infection with different lineages of ZIKV.
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Chatterjee S, Talaat KR, van Seventer EE, Feng CG, Scott AL, Jedlicka A, Dziedzic A, Nutman TB. Mycobacteria induce TPL-2 mediated IL-10 in IL-4-generated alternatively activated macrophages. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179701. [PMID: 28658262 PMCID: PMC5489173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-4 drives expansion of Th2 cells that cause generation of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs). Filarial infections are established early in life, induce increased IL-4 production are co-endemic with tuberculosis (TB). We sought to understand, therefore, how mycobacteria are handled in the context of IL-4-induced AAM. Comparing IL-4 generated in vitro monocyte derived human AAMs to LPS and IFN-γ generated classically macrophages (CAMs), both infected with mycobacteria (BCG), we demonstrated increased early BCG uptake and increased IL-10 production in AAMs compared to CAMs. We further demonstrated that increased IL-10 production is mediated by upregulation of tumor progression locus 2 (TPL-2), an upstream activator of extracellular signal related kinases (ERKs) in AAMs but not in CAMs, both at the transcript as well as the protein level. Pharmacologic inhibition of TPL-2 significantly diminished IL-10 production only in BCG-infected AAMs. Finally, we validated our findings in an in vivo C57Bl/6 model of filarial infection, where an exaggerated Th2 induced lung-specific alternative activation led to TPL-2 and IL-10 upregulation on subsequent TB infection. These data show that in response to mycobacterial infection, IL-4 generated AAMs in chronic filarial infections have impaired immune responses to TB infection by increasing IL-10 production in a TPL-2 mediated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Chatterjee
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kawsar R. Talaat
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Emily E. van Seventer
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carl G. Feng
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alan L. Scott
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Anne Jedlicka
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Amanda Dziedzic
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Thomas B. Nutman
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Silvestrini P, Beccaria C, Pereyra EAL, Renna MS, Ortega HH, Calvinho LF, Dallard BE, Baravalle C. Intramammary inoculation of Panax ginseng plays an immunoprotective role in Staphylococcus aureus infection in a murine model. Res Vet Sci 2017; 115:211-220. [PMID: 28505549 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The immunoprotective effect of Panax ginseng (Pg) extract was investigated in a mouse mastitis model. Lactating female mice were intramammarily inoculated with Pg or placebo, and then were challenged with S. aureus, while other group was inoculated with S. aureus alone. The number of bacteria recovered from mammary glands was significantly lower in Pg-treated S. aureus-infected mice (group I) compared with placebo-treated S. aureus-infected mice (group II) and S. aureus-infected mice (group III). The mRNA expression of TLR2, TLR4, IL-1α and TNF-α was influenced by treatment; being the transcript levels for all genes higher in group I compared with group II and III. Activation of NF-κB and the number of monocytes-macrophages in mammary gland tissue was significantly increased in group I compared with group II and III. Pg extract was able to trigger an adequate immune response to confront an infection demonstrating its protective effect and potential for preventing bovine intramammary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Silvestrini
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - C Beccaria
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Departamento de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E A L Pereyra
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M S Renna
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - H H Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L F Calvinho
- Departamento de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - B E Dallard
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - C Baravalle
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE_PGRS41 Enhances the Intracellular Survival of M. smegmatis within Macrophages Via Blocking Innate Immunity and Inhibition of Host Defense. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46716. [PMID: 28440335 PMCID: PMC5404228 DOI: 10.1038/srep46716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) as a pathogen is largely contributes to its ability to manipulate the host immune responses. The genome of M. tuberculosis encodes multiple immune-modulatory proteins, including several members of the multi-genic PE_PPE family. Despite of intense research, the roles of PE_PGRS proteins in mycobacterial pathogenesis remain elusive. The function of M. tuberculosis PE_PGRS41, characterized by an extended and unique C-terminal domain, was studied. Expression of PE_PGRS41 in Mycobacterium smegmatis, a non-pathogenic species intrinsically deficient of PE_PGRS, severely impaired the resistance of the recombinant to multiple stresses via altering the cell wall integrity. Macrophages infected by M. smegmatis harboring PE_PGRS41 decreased the production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. In addition, PE_PGRS41 boosted the survival of M. smegmatis within macrophage accompanied with enhanced cytotoxic cell death through inhibiting the cell apoptosis and autophagy. Taken together, these results implicate that PE_PGRS41 is a virulence factor of M. tuberculosis and sufficient to confer pathogenic properties to M. smegmatis.
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Immune response of Staphylococcus aureus strains in a mouse mastitis model is linked to adaptive capacity and genotypic profiles. Vet Microbiol 2017; 204:64-76. [PMID: 28532808 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most frequently isolated major pathogens from intramammary infections (IMI) worldwide. The mechanisms by which S. aureus IMI are established and maintained in dairy cows involve both bacterial escape strategies and modulation of the host immune response. Moreover, it was shown that different S. aureus strains have varying effects on the immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate the immune response in a mouse mastitis model of two S. aureus strains isolated from bovine IMI with different clinical manifestation (persistent-P or non-persistent-NP), phenotypic and genotypic profile. Both strains were capable of establishing an IMI after 264h post inoculation (pi). Strain A (NP) showed a more aggressive behaviour than strain B (P) at early stages of IMI, while strain B multiplied initially at a lower rate but increased its replication capacity from 120h pi to the end of the study (264h pi). Strain A triggered a stronger initial inflammatory response compared with strain B inducing higher gene and protein expression of TLR2, NF-κB activation and higher gene expression of IL-1α at initial stage of IMI (6-12h pi) but inducing extensive mammary tissue damage. Immune cells response was different for each S. aureus strain throughout the course of infection, showing mammary glands inoculated with strain A greater initial immune cells stimulation compared with strain B and then a second immune cells stimulation (from 120 to 264h pi) represented by monocytes-macrophages, T and B lymphocytes, mainly stimulated by strain B, consistent with inflammatory process becoming chronic. Strain-specific pathogenicity observed underscores the importance of pathogen factors in the progression of the infectious process. These results contribute to increase the available information on host-pathogen interaction and point out for the need of further research to expand the knowledge about these interactions for developing new strategies to intervene in the IMI progress.
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Peddireddy V, Doddam SN, Ahmed N. Mycobacterial Dormancy Systems and Host Responses in Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:84. [PMID: 28261197 PMCID: PMC5309233 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by the intracellular pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), claims more than 1.5 million lives worldwide annually. Despite promulgation of multipronged strategies to prevent and control TB, there is no significant downfall occurring in the number of new cases, and adding to this is the relapse of the disease due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance and the ability of Mtb to remain dormant after primary infection. The pathology of Mtb is complex and largely attributed to immune-evading strategies that this pathogen adopts to establish primary infection, its persistence in the host, and reactivation of pathogenicity under favorable conditions. In this review, we present various biochemical, immunological, and genetic strategies unleashed by Mtb inside the host for its survival. The bacterium enables itself to establish a niche by evading immune recognition via resorting to masking, establishment of dormancy by manipulating immune receptor responses, altering innate immune cell fate, enhancing granuloma formation, and developing antibiotic tolerance. Besides these, the regulatory entities, such as DosR and its regulon, encompassing various putative effector proteins play a vital role in maintaining the dormant nature of this pathogen. Further, reactivation of Mtb allows relapse of the disease and is favored by the genes of the Rtf family and the conditions that suppress the immune system of the host. Identification of target genes and characterizing the function of their respective antigens involved in primary infection, dormancy, and reactivation would likely provide vital clues to design novel drugs and/or vaccines for the control of dormant TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyullatha Peddireddy
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India
| | - Sankara Narayana Doddam
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India
| | - Niyaz Ahmed
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India; Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Devlin AA, Halvorsen PJ, Miller JC, Laster SM. Il-10 deficient mice express IFN-γ mRNA and clear Leptospira interrogans from their kidneys more rapidly than normal C57BL/6 mice. Immunobiology 2017; 222:768-777. [PMID: 28237664 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Leptospira interrogans (L. interrogans), the causative agent of leptospirosis, is a widespread zoonotic spirochete that lives a dual lifestyle. L. interrogans infects mice, rats, and wildlife in a persistent and asymptomatic fashion, while also causing productive and acute infections in other mammals such as humans and hamsters. Infections in humans can be fatal, accompanied by a cytokine storm and shock-like symptoms. Production of IL-10 has been noted in both rodent and human infections which has led a number of investigators to hypothesize that IL-10 plays a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. To test this hypothesis we have compared bacteremia and the cytokine response of normal and IL-10 deficient C57Bl/6 mice following ip infection with L. interrogans. In normal mice bacterial 16s mRNA was detected in both lung and kidney tissues within a day after infection. Levels of 16s mRNA then dropped in both organs with complete elimination from the lung by day 3 but persistence in the kidney for 7days after infection. In contrast, in IL-10 deficient mice, the organism was eliminated more rapidly from the kidney. We found that infection of both control and IL-10 deficient mice produced similar levels of a number of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNAs. On the other hand, IFN-γ mRNA was only induced in IL-10 deficient mice. These results support the hypothesis that L. interrogans ability to induce IL-10, which in turn prevents production of IFN-γ and inhibits T cell immunity, may contribute to the persistent growth of this microorganism in the murine kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Devlin
- Reynolds American, Inc. 401 N. Main St., Winston Salem, NC 27101, United States
| | - Priya J Halvorsen
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Jennifer C Miller
- Galaxy Diagnostics, Inc. 7020 Kit Creek Rd., Ste 130, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Scott M Laster
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
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Kumar A, Singh SM, Singh R, Kaur J. Rv0774c, an iron stress inducible, extracellular esterase is involved in immune-suppression associated with altered cytokine and TLR2 expression. Int J Med Microbiol 2017; 307:126-138. [PMID: 28161108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, one of the leading cause of death from infectious diseases, is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The genome of M. tuberculosis has been sequenced and nearly 40% of the whole genome sequence was categorized as hypothetical. Rv0774c was annotated as membrane exported hypothetical protein in TB database. In silico analysis revealed that Rv0774c is a paralog of PE-PGRS multi gene family with 100 aa N-terminal domain similar to PE domain of PE-PGRS proteins. Its C-terminal domain is quite different from PGRS domain, having characteristic lipase signature GXSXG & HG and catalytic residues predicted for lipolytic activity. Therefore, DNA coding for Rv0774c (303 aa), its N-terminal (1-100 aa) and C- terminal domain (100-303 aa) were separately cloned from M. tuberculosis and were over expressed in E. coli. Rv0774c gene and its C-terminal lipolytic domain preferably hydrolyzed short chain esters. Though no enzyme activity was observed in N-terminus PE like domain, it was demonstrated to enhance the thermostability of full length Rv0774c. Tetrahydrolipstatin inhibited the enzyme activity and predicted catalytic residues (Ser-185, Asp-255 and His-281) were confirmed by site directed mutagenesis. Rv0774c was secreted out in culture media by M. tuberculosis and was up-regulated in iron limiting conditions. Treatment of THP-1 cells with rRv0774c resulted in a decline in the LPS induced production of NO and expression of iNOS. rRv0774c treated THP-1 cells also showed an enhanced expression of IL-10 and TLR2. On contrary, it suppressed the LPS induced production of IL-12, chemokines MCP-1 and IL-8. Rv0774c inhibited the LPS induced phosphorylation of p38. These observations suggested that Rv0774c could modulate the pro-inflammatory immune response to support intracellular survival of the mycobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbind Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | | | - Ranvir Singh
- National Centre for Human Genome Studies and Research, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Nayak TK, Mamidi P, Kumar A, Singh LPK, Sahoo SS, Chattopadhyay S, Chattopadhyay S. Regulation of Viral Replication, Apoptosis and Pro-Inflammatory Responses by 17-AAG during Chikungunya Virus Infection in Macrophages. Viruses 2017; 9:v9010003. [PMID: 28067803 PMCID: PMC5294972 DOI: 10.3390/v9010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection has re-emerged as a major public health concern due to its recent worldwide epidemics and lack of control measures. Although CHIKV is known to infect macrophages, regulation of CHIKV replication, apoptosis and immune responses towards macrophages are not well understood. Accordingly, the Raw264.7 cells, a mouse macrophage cell line, were infected with CHIKV and viral replication as well as new viral progeny release was assessed by flow cytometry and plaque assay, respectively. Moreover, host immune modulation and apoptosis were studied through flow cytometry, Western blot and ELISA. Our current findings suggest that expression of CHIKV proteins were maximum at 8 hpi and the release of new viral progenies were remarkably increased around 12 hpi. The induction of Annexin V binding, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-8 in CHIKV infected macrophages suggests activation of apoptosis through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. The pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF and IL-6) MHC-I/II and B7.2 (CD86) were also up-regulated during infection over time. Further, 17-AAG, a potential HSP90 inhibitor, was found to regulate CHIKV infection, apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine productions of host macrophages significantly. Hence, the present findings might bring new insight into the therapeutic implication in CHIKV disease biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas K Nayak
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
| | - Prabhudutta Mamidi
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, (Autonomous Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India.
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, (Autonomous Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India.
| | - Laishram Pradeep K Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
| | - Subhransu S Sahoo
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
| | - Soma Chattopadhyay
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, (Autonomous Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India.
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
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Liu Q, Li W, Li D, Feng Y, Tao C. The association of interleukin-10 -1082, -819, -592 polymorphisms and tuberculosis risk. Saudi Med J 2016; 36:407-17. [PMID: 25828276 PMCID: PMC4404473 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2015.4.10545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the association between interleukin (IL)-10 -1082, -819, -592 polymorphisms and tuberculosis (TB) risk. Methods: This study was conducted between July and October 2014 in West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. We searched and collected data from PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, and WANGFANG up to October 2014. Results: A total of 37 studies were enrolled, including 8625 TB cases, and 9928 healthy controls. The IL-10-1082G/A polymorphism was found to be associated with TB susceptibility in Caucasian (GG versus GA+AA, odds ratio [OR] - 1.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 1.03-3.24). The IL-10-819C/T polymorphism was related to TB susceptibility among Asians (C versus T, OR - 0.88, 95% CI - 0.81-0.97; CC versus TT: OR - 0.79, 95% CI - 0.64-0.97; CC+CT versus TT: OR - 0.87, 95% CI - 0.77-0.98; CC versus CT+TT: OR - 0.82, 95% CI - 0.68-0.98). The IL-10-592C/A polymorphism was in association with TB susceptibility in Asians (C versus A: OR - 0.74, 95% CI - 0.65-0.85; CC versus AA: OR - 0.55, 95% CI - 0.41-0.75; CA versus AA: OR - 0.73, 95% CI - 0.60-0.89; CC+CA versus AA: OR - 0.69, 95% CI 0.58-0.83; CA versus AA: OR - 0.66, 95% CI 0.51-0.86), Caucasian (C versus A: OR - 1.25, 95% CI - 1.08-1.45; CC versus CA+AA: OR-1.48, 95% CI - 1.16-1.89), and Europeans (C versus A: OR - 1.31, 95% CI - 1.02-1.67; CC versus AA: OR - 1.88, 95% CI - 1.05-3.37). Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that IL-10-1082G/A, IL-819C/T, and IL-592C/A polymorphisms might be associated with TB susceptibility in certain ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. E-mail.
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Yeruva VC, Kulkarni A, Khandelwal R, Sharma Y, Raghunand TR. The PE_PGRS Proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Are Ca2+ Binding Mediators of Host–Pathogen Interaction. Biochemistry 2016; 55:4675-87. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veena C. Yeruva
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Apoorva Kulkarni
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Radhika Khandelwal
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Yogendra Sharma
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
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Nandi A, Bishayi B. Intracellularly survived Staphylococcus aureus after phagocytosis are more virulent in inducing cytotoxicity in fresh murine peritoneal macrophages utilizing TLR-2 as a possible target. Microb Pathog 2016; 97:131-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Gao L, Chen X, Zhang L, Wu D, Zhao H, Niu J. Association of IL-10 polymorphisms with hepatitis B virus infection and outcome in Han population. Eur J Med Res 2016; 21:23. [PMID: 27245049 PMCID: PMC4888478 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-016-0218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the correlation of single nucleotide polymorphisms interleukin (IL)-10-592 and -1082 with hepatitis B virus (HBV) susceptibility and recovery. METHODS Total 190 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, 81 individuals with self-limited HBV infections and 81 normal controls from the first Hospital of Jilin University were recruited. The IL-10 polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The χ (2) test (p < 0.05) and Fisher's exact test were separately performed to analyze and compare the genotype frequencies of IL-10-592 and -1082 among different groups. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis (p < 0.05) was conducted to determine the correlation of genotypes with HBV infection and recovery. Genotype A/A, A/C and C/C of IL-10-592 had been detected in the three groups. RESULTS The frequencies of -592A separately were 55.56, 64.67 and 55.33 % in the three groups. Genotypes of IL-10-592 only had significant difference among the patients and normal controls (p = 0.021). Genotypes A/A, A/G and G/G of IL-10-1082 were detected in CHB patients and individuals with self-limited HBV infection; however, genotype G/G had not been detected in normal controls. The frequencies of -1082G separately were 3.68, 6.17 and 11.11 % in the three groups. Genotypes of IL-10-1082 only had no significant difference among the patients and individuals with self-limited HBV infections (p = 0.130). We found that their risks of HBV infection existed significant difference. CONCLUSION The IL-10-592 and -1082 polymorphisms might be associated with HBV infection, but not with the recovery after HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Di Wu
- Tumor Center, The 1st Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - He Zhao
- Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Junqi Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, The 1st Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 Xinminda Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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