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Liman N, Lanasa D, Meylan F, Park JH. The ever-expanding role of cytokine receptor DR3 in T cells. Cytokine 2024; 176:156540. [PMID: 38359559 PMCID: PMC10895922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Death Receptor 3 (DR3) is a cytokine receptor of the Tumor Necrosis Factor receptor superfamily that plays a multifaceted role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Based on the death domain motif in its cytosolic tail, DR3 had been proposed and functionally affirmed as a trigger of apoptosis. Further studies, however, also revealed roles of DR3 in other cellular pathways, including inflammation, survival, and proliferation. DR3 is expressed in various cell types, including T cells, B cells, innate lymphocytes, myeloid cells, fibroblasts, and even outside the immune system. Because DR3 is mainly expressed on T cells, DR3-mediated immune perturbations leading to autoimmunity and other diseases were mostly attributed to DR3 activation of T cells. However, which T cell subset and what T effector functions are controlled by DR3 to drive these processes remain incompletely understood. DR3 engagement was previously found to alter CD4 T helper subset differentiation, expand the Foxp3+ Treg cell pool, and maintain intraepithelial γδ T cells in the gut. Recent studies further unveiled a previously unacknowledged aspect of DR3 in regulating innate-like invariant NKT (iNKT) cell activation, expanding the scope of DR3-mediated immunity in T lineage cells. Importantly, in the context of iNKT cells, DR3 ligation exerted costimulatory effects in agonistic TCR signaling, unveiling a new regulatory framework in T cell activation and proliferation. The current review is aimed at summarizing such recent findings on the role of DR3 on conventional T cells and innate-like T cells and discussing them in the context of immunopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcin Liman
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Dominic Lanasa
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Françoise Meylan
- Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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Yu H, Yan X, Wang N, Liu X, Xue T, Li C, Zhang X. Characterization of caspase gene family in Sebastes schlegelii and their expression profiles under Aeromonas salmonicida and Vibrio anguillarum infection. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 270:110913. [PMID: 37913865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The caspase, functioning as a proteinase, plays a crucial role in eukaryotic cell apoptosis, regulation of apoptosis, cellular growth, differentiation, and immunity. The identification of caspase gene family in Sebastes schlegelii is of great help to understand its antimicrobial research. In S. schlegelii, we totally identified nine caspase genes, including four apoptosis initiator caspases (caspase 2, caspase 8, caspase 9 and caspase 10), four apoptosis executioners (caspase 3a, caspase 3b, caspase 6, and caspase 7) and one inflammatory executioner (caspase 1). The duplication of caspase 3 genes on chr3 and chr8 may have been facilitated by whole genome duplication (WGD) events or other complex evolutionary processes. In general, the number of caspase genes relatively conserved in high vertebrates, while exhibiting variation in teleosts. Furthermore, syntenic analysis and phylogenetic relationships analysis supported the correct classification of these caspase gene family in S. schlegelii, especially for genes with duplicated copies. Additionally, the expression patterns of these caspase genes in different tissues of S. schlegelii under healthy conditions were assessed. The results revealed that the expression levels of most caspase genes were significantly elevated in the intestine, spleen, and liver. To further investigate the potential immune functions of these caspase genes in S. schlegelii, we challenged individuals with A. salmonicida and V. anguillarum, respectively. After infection with A. salmonicida, the expression levels of caspase 1 in the liver and spleen of S. schlegelii remained consistently elevated throughout the infection time points. The expression levels of most caspase family members in the intestine exhibited significant divergence following V. anguillarum infection. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the caspase gene families in S. schlegelii, thereby establishing a solid foundation for further investigations into the functional roles of these caspase genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohui Yu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China, Qingdao 266011, China; College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiantong Liu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ting Xue
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Li T, Gil Pineda LI, Stevens AO, He Y. Key Factors Regulating the Interdomain Dynamics May Contribute to the Assembly of ASC. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:796. [PMID: 37372082 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The canonical ASC domains, PYD and CARD, are interconnected by a lengthy, semi-flexible linker. The molecular basis and purpose of ASC's highly dynamic feature remain elusive. In this study, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to examine the role of the linker and the interdomain dynamics of the ASC monomer. As revealed in the principal component analysis (PCA), the flexible linker enables interdomain dynamics and rotation. The stumbling between domains is partially attributed to the helical portion of N-terminal residues in the linker. Additionally, the linker exhibits a certain structural preference due to the turn-type structural inclination of the N-terminal and the presence of several prolines on the linker. Such structural preferences lead to the unavailability of regions for PYD type I interactions to CARDs, as evidenced by the CARD spatial restraint analysis. In conclusion, the semi-flexible linker introduces functionally relevant interdomain dynamics, potentially enhancing PYD self-assembly and the subsequent assembly of the inflammasome complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Li
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Laura I Gil Pineda
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, 340 West Campus Dr., Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Amy O Stevens
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Yi He
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Chen DY, Li BZ, Xu WB, Zhang YM, Li BW, Cheng YX, Xiao Y, Lin CY, Dong WR, Shu MA. The first identification of three AdIRAK2 genes from an evolutionarily important amphibian Andrias davidianus and their involvement in NF-κB activation and inflammatory responses. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:104585. [PMID: 36368593 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinases (IRAK) is the most important downstream kinases of TLRs/IL-1R signaling pathway for signal transduction and activation of inflammatory response against pathogen infections. However, the molecular identification and function characterization of IRAK2 homologs in lower vertebrate remains obscure. In this study, three IRAK2 genes (AdIRAK2a, AdIRAKb and AdIRAK2c) and their respective transcripts were identified from the Chinese giant salamander Andrias davidianus. This is the first evidence that three different IRAK2 genes exist in an ancient amphibian species, which has never been reported in other vertebrates. The complete open reading frames (ORFs) of AdIRAK2a, AdIRAK2b and AdIRAK2c were 2112 bp, 1917 bp and 816 bp encoding deduced proteins of 703 amino acids (aa), 628 aa and 271 aa, respectively. All three AdIRAK2 proteins contained two predicted conserved functional domains, including a death domain (DD) and a serine/threonine protein kinases domain (KD). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the three AdIRAK2s clustered together with other known IRAK2 of vertebrates. The three AdIRAK2s were ubiquitously expressed in all tested tissues with a similar tissues distribution pattern. After challenge of Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila), Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), giant salamander iridovirus (GSIV, belonging to the genus Ranavirus in the family Iridoviridae) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), the expression levels of all AdIRAK2s in blood were significantly altered, however, they exhibited distinct response patterns. Moreover, the results of over-expression and RNAi of AdIRAK2s implied the involvement of AdIRAK2s in triggering NF-κB-mediated signaling pathways and inflammatory responses. This study might provide a better understanding of the presence and immune regulation function of IRAK2 in amphibians and even in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yong Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bang-Ze Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wen-Bin Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan-Mei Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bing-Wu Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuan-Xin Cheng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chen-Yang Lin
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei-Ren Dong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Miao-An Shu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Molecular characterization of four innate immune genes in Tor putitora and their comparative transcriptional abundance during wild- and captive-bred ontogenetic developmental stages. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 3:100058. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Liu Q, Li F, Liu W, Huang B, Li L, Wang X, Sang X, Dong J, Ma J, Chen J, Wei L, Liu Y, Zhang M, Han Y, Wang X. Transcriptional expression analysis reveals multiple effects of nonylphenol exposure on scallop immune system. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:290-297. [PMID: 35306177 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine disruptor and environmental hormone representing alkylphenol compounds. Marine mollusks are an important source of protein for people worldwide. Many researchers have begun to study the effect of NP on marine mollusks immune system in view of its toxicity; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms require in-depth analysis. In this study, we focused on the transcriptional expression change of immune-related genes and antioxidant enzymes activities variation after NP exposure in a marine bivalve mollusk, Chlamys farreri, to explore the immunomodulatory capacity of NP in marine mollusks. We identified MAVS (Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein), a key adaptor molecule in the RLR (RIG-I like receptor) pathway, and studied the expression of multiple immune-related genes in response to different concentrations of NP. The key genes involved in RLR/TLR (Toll like receptor) innate immune pathway, apoptosis, and cellular antioxidation mechanism were investigated. Changes in the enzymatic activities of scallop antioxidant enzymes after NP exposure were also examined. The results revealed that the genes expression and the antioxidant enzymes activities show significant changes, thus proving that NP stimulation affects the scallop immune system. Our research results demonstrate the immunomodulatory capacity of NP in marine bivalve mollusks and lay the foundation for further in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanism of NP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Fangshu Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Baoyu Huang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Lingling Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China; Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiuxiu Sang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Juan Dong
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jilv Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jiwen Chen
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Meiwei Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yijing Han
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
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7
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Witkop EM, Proestou DA, Gomez-Chiarri M. The expanded inhibitor of apoptosis gene family in oysters possesses novel domain architectures and may play diverse roles in apoptosis following immune challenge. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:201. [PMID: 35279090 PMCID: PMC8917759 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apoptosis plays important roles in a variety of functions, including immunity and response to environmental stress. The Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) gene family of apoptosis regulators is expanded in molluscs, including eastern, Crassostrea virginica, and Pacific, Crassostrea gigas, oysters. The functional importance of IAP expansion in apoptosis and immunity in oysters remains unknown. Results Phylogenetic analysis of IAP genes in 10 molluscs identified lineage specific gene expansion in bivalve species. Greater IAP gene family expansion was observed in C. virginica than C. gigas (69 vs. 40), resulting mainly from tandem duplications. Functional domain analysis of oyster IAP proteins revealed 3 novel Baculoviral IAP Repeat (BIR) domain types and 14 domain architecture types across gene clusters, 4 of which are not present in model organisms. Phylogenetic analysis of bivalve IAPs suggests a complex history of domain loss and gain. Most IAP genes in oysters (76% of C. virginica and 82% of C. gigas), representing all domain architecture types, were expressed in response to immune challenge (Ostreid Herpesvirus OsHV-1, bacterial probionts Phaeobacter inhibens and Bacillus pumilus, several Vibrio spp., pathogenic Aliiroseovarius crassostreae, and protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus). Patterns of IAP and apoptosis-related differential gene expression differed between the two oyster species, where C. virginica, in general, differentially expressed a unique set of IAP genes in each challenge, while C. gigas differentially expressed an overlapping set of IAP genes across challenges. Apoptosis gene expression patterns clustered mainly by resistance/susceptibility of the oyster host to immune challenge. Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) revealed unique combinations of transcripts for 1 to 12 IAP domain architecture types, including novel types, were significantly co-expressed in response to immune challenge with transcripts in apoptosis-related pathways. Conclusions Unprecedented diversity characterized by novel BIR domains and protein domain architectures was observed in oyster IAPs. Complex patterns of gene expression of novel and conserved IAPs in response to a variety of ecologically-relevant immune challenges, combined with evidence of direct co-expression of IAP genes with apoptosis-related transcripts, suggests IAP expansion facilitates complex and nuanced regulation of apoptosis and other immune responses in oysters. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08233-6.
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Wei Z, Ding W, Li M, Shi J, Wang H, Wang Y, Li Y, Xu Y, Hu J, Bao Z, Hu X. The Caspase Homologues in Scallop Chlamys farreri and Their Expression Responses to Toxic Dinoflagellates Exposure. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020108. [PMID: 35202135 PMCID: PMC8878197 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cysteine aspartic acid-specific protease (caspase) family is distributed across vertebrates and invertebrates, and its members are involved in apoptosis and response to cellular stress. The Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) is a bivalve mollusc that is well adapted to complex marine environments, yet the diversity of caspase homologues and their expression patterns in the Zhikong scallop remain largely unknown. Here, we identified 30 caspase homologues in the genome of the Zhikong scallop and analysed their expression dynamics during all developmental stages and following exposure to paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). The 30 caspase homologues were classified as initiators (caspases-2/9 and caspases-8/10) or executioners (caspases-3/6/7 and caspases-3/6/7-like) and displayed increased copy numbers compared to those in vertebrates. Almost all of the caspase-2/9 genes were highly expressed throughout all developmental stages from zygote to juvenile, and their expression in the digestive gland and kidney was slightly influenced by PSTs. The caspase-8/10 genes were highly expressed in the digestive gland and kidney, while PSTs inhibited their expression in these two organs. After exposure to different Alexandrium PST-producing algae (AM-1 and ACDH), the number of significantly up-regulated caspase homologues in the digestive gland increased with the toxicity level of PST derivatives, which might be due to the higher toxicity of GTXs produced by AM-1 compared to the N-sulphocarbamoyl analogues produced by ACDH. However, the effect of these two PST-producing algae strains on caspase expression in the kidney seemed to be stronger, possibly because the PST derivatives were transformed into highly toxic compounds in scallop kidney, and suggested an organ-dependent response to PSTs. These results indicate the dedicated control of caspase gene expression and highlight their contribution to PSTs in C. farreri. This work provides a further understanding of the role of caspase homologues in the Zhikong scallop and can guide future studies focussing on the role of caspases and their interactions with PSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongcheng Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Z.W.); (W.D.); (M.L.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (J.H.); (Z.B.)
| | - Wei Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Z.W.); (W.D.); (M.L.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (J.H.); (Z.B.)
| | - Moli Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Z.W.); (W.D.); (M.L.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (J.H.); (Z.B.)
| | - Jiaoxia Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Z.W.); (W.D.); (M.L.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (J.H.); (Z.B.)
| | - Huizhen Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Z.W.); (W.D.); (M.L.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (J.H.); (Z.B.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (X.H.); Tel.: +86-0532-8203-1970 (X.H.)
| | - Yangrui Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Z.W.); (W.D.); (M.L.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (J.H.); (Z.B.)
| | - Yubo Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Z.W.); (W.D.); (M.L.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (J.H.); (Z.B.)
| | - Yiqiang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Z.W.); (W.D.); (M.L.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (J.H.); (Z.B.)
| | - Jingjie Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Z.W.); (W.D.); (M.L.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (J.H.); (Z.B.)
- Laboratory of Tropical Marine Germplasm Resources and Breeding Engineering, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Z.W.); (W.D.); (M.L.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (J.H.); (Z.B.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Laboratory of Tropical Marine Germplasm Resources and Breeding Engineering, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Z.W.); (W.D.); (M.L.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (J.H.); (Z.B.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (X.H.); Tel.: +86-0532-8203-1970 (X.H.)
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A comprehensive interaction study provides a potential domain interaction network of human death domain superfamily proteins. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2991-3008. [PMID: 33993194 PMCID: PMC8564539 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human death domain superfamily proteins (DDSPs) play important roles in many signaling pathways involved in cell death and inflammation. Disruption or constitutive activation of these DDSP interactions due to inherited gene mutations is closely related to immunodeficiency and/or autoinflammatory diseases; however, responsible gene mutations have not been found in phenotypical diagnosis of these diseases. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the interactions of death-fold domains to explore the signaling network mediated by human DDSPs. We obtained 116 domains of DDSPs and conducted a domain-domain interaction assay of 13,924 reactions in duplicate using amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay. The data were mostly consistent with previously reported interactions. We also found new possible interactions, including an interaction between the caspase recruitment domain (CARD) of CARD10 and the tandem CARD-CARD domain of NOD2, which was confirmed by reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation. This study enables prediction of the interaction network of human DDSPs, sheds light on pathogenic mechanisms, and will facilitate identification of drug targets for treatment of immunodeficiency and autoinflammatory diseases.
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Mao MG, Xu J, Liu RT, Ye L, Wang R, Jiang JL. Fas/FasL of pacific cod mediated apoptosis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:104022. [PMID: 33482239 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) pathway plays important roles in virus defense and cell apoptosis. In our previous work, nervous necrosis virus (NNV) was discovered in Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), and the Fas ligand (PcFasL) was up-regulated when NNV outbreak, however, signal transmission of Fas/FasL in fish are still unclear. In the present study, Pacific cod Fas (PcFas), PcFasL and Fas-associating protein with a novel death domain (PcFADD) were characterized. The predicted protein of PcFas, PcFasL and PcFADD includes 333 aa, 90 aa and 93 aa, separately. 3-D models of PcFas, PcFasL and PcFADD were well constructed based on reported templates, respectively, even though the sequence homology with other fish is very low. The transcript levels of PcFas increased gradually from 15 day-post hatching (dph) to 75dph. PcFas was significantly up-regulated when cod larvae had NNV symptoms at 24dph, 37dph, 46dph, 69dph, and 77dph. Subcellular localization revealed that PcFasL was located in the cytoplasm, while PcFas was mainly located in the cell membrane. Exogenous expressed PcFasL of 900 μg/mL could kill the Epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC) cells by MTT test, but low concentration has no effect on the cells. qPCR analysis showed that overexpression of PcFas could significantly up-regulate the expression of genes related to Fas/FasL signaling pathway, including bcl-2, bax, and RIP3, while overexpression of PcFasL significantly up-regulate the expression of caspase-3, caspase-9, and MLKL. Overexpression of PcFas or PcFasL could induce EPC apoptosis significantly by flow cytometry, which was consistent with the results of caspase-3 mRNA level increasing. The results indicated that NNV could induce apoptosis through Fas/FasL signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Guang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Jia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Rui-Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Lin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Jie-Lan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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11
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Lema A S, Klemenčič M, Völlmy F, Altelaar M, Funk C. The Role of Pseudo-Orthocaspase (SyOC) of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in Attenuating the Effect of Oxidative Stress. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:634366. [PMID: 33613507 PMCID: PMC7889975 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.634366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspases are proteases, best known for their involvement in the execution of apoptosis-a subtype of programmed cell death, which occurs only in animals. These proteases are composed of two structural building blocks: a proteolytically active p20 domain and a regulatory p10 domain. Although structural homologs appear in representatives of all other organisms, their functional homology, i.e., cell death depending on their proteolytical activity, is still much disputed. Additionally, pseudo-caspases and pseudo-metacaspases, in which the catalytic histidine-cysteine dyad is substituted with non-proteolytic amino acid residues, were shown to be involved in cell death programs. Here, we present the involvement of a pseudo-orthocaspase (SyOC), a prokaryotic caspase-homolog lacking the p10 domain, in oxidative stress in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. To study the in vivo impact of this pseudo-protease during oxidative stress its gene expression during exposure to H2O2 was monitored by RT-qPCR. Furthermore, a knock-out mutant lacking the pseudo-orthocaspase gene was designed, and its survival and growth rates were compared to wild type cells as well as its proteome. Deletion of SyOC led to cells with a higher tolerance toward oxidative stress, suggesting that this protein may be involved in a pro-death pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul Lema A
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Franziska Völlmy
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
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12
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Xu Z, Zhou Y, Liu M, Ma H, Sun L, Zahid A, Chen Y, Zhou R, Cao M, Wu D, Zhao W, Li B, Jin T. Homotypic CARD-CARD interaction is critical for the activation of NLRP1 inflammasome. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:57. [PMID: 33431827 PMCID: PMC7801473 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic inflammasomes are supramolecular complexes that are formed in response to intracellular pathogens and danger signals. However, as to date, the detailed description of a homotypic caspase recruitment domain (CARD) interaction between NLRP1 and ASC has not been presented. We found the CARD-CARD interaction between purified NLRP1CARD and ASCCARD experimentally and the filamentous supramolecular complex formation in an in vitro proteins solution. Moreover, we determined a high-resolution crystal structure of the death domain fold of the human ASCCARD. Mutational and structural analysis revealed three conserved interfaces of the death domain superfamily (Type I, II, and III), which mediate the assembly of the NLRP1CARD/ASCCARD complex. In addition, we validated the role of the three major interfaces of CARDs in assembly and activation of NLRP1 inflammasome in vitro. Our findings suggest a Mosaic model of homotypic CARD interactions for the activation of NLRP1 inflammasome. The Mosaic model provides insights into the mechanisms of inflammasome assembly and signal transduction amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Xu
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001 China ,grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 China
| | - Ying Zhou
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001 China
| | - Muziying Liu
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 China
| | - Huan Ma
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 China
| | - Liangqi Sun
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 China
| | - Ayesha Zahid
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 China
| | - Yulei Chen
- grid.411902.f0000 0001 0643 6866College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021 China
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Minjie Cao
- grid.411902.f0000 0001 0643 6866College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021 China
| | - Dabao Wu
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001 China
| | - Weidong Zhao
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001 China
| | - Bofeng Li
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui China 230001
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001 China ,grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200031 China
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13
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Li Z, Yuan W, Lin Z. Functional roles in cell signaling of adaptor protein TRADD from a structural perspective. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2867-2876. [PMID: 33163147 PMCID: PMC7593343 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TRADD participates in various receptor signaling pathways and plays vital roles in many biological activities, including cell survival and apoptosis, in different cellular contexts. TRADD has two distinct functional domains, a TRAF-binding domain at the N-terminus and a death domain (DD) at the C-terminus. The TRAF binding domain of TRADD folds into an α-β plait topology and is mainly responsible for binding TRAF2, while the TRADD-DD can interact with a variety of DD-containing proteins, including receptors and intracellular signaling molecules. After activation of specific receptors such as TNFR1 and DR3, TRADD can bind to the receptor through DD-DD interaction, creating a membrane-proximal platform for the recruitment of downstream molecules to propagate cellular signals. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the studies of the structural mechanism of TRADD adaptor functions for NF-κB activation and apoptosis induction. We also provide suggestions for future structure research related to TRADD-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Wensu Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zhi Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore
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14
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Bertevello CR, Russo BRA, Tahira AC, Lopes-Junior EH, DeMarco R, Oliveira KC. The evolution of TNF signaling in platyhelminths suggests the cooptation of TNF receptor in the host-parasite interplay. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:491. [PMID: 32977830 PMCID: PMC7519573 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TNF signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of many cellular processes (such as apoptosis and cell proliferation). Previous reports indicated the effect of human TNF-α on metabolism, physiology, gene expression and protein phosphorylation of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni and suggested that its TNF receptor was responsible for this response. The lack of an endogenous TNF ligand reinforced the idea of the use of an exogenous ligand, but also opens the possibility that the receptor actually binds a non-canonical ligand, as observed for NGFRs. METHODS To obtain a more comprehensive view, we analyzed platyhelminth genomes deposited in the Wormbase ParaSite database to investigate the presence of TNF receptors and their respective ligands. Using different bioinformatics approaches, such as HMMer and BLAST search tools we identified and characterized the sequence of TNF receptors and ligand homologs. We also used bioinformatics resources for the identification of conserved protein domains and Bayesian inference for phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS Our analyses indicate the presence of 31 TNF receptors in 30 platyhelminth species. All platyhelminths display a single TNF receptor, and all are structurally remarkably similar to NGFR. It suggests no events of duplication and diversification occurred in this phylum, with the exception of a single species-specific duplication. Interestingly, we also identified TNF ligand homologs in five species of free-living platyhelminths. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the TNF receptor from platyhelminths may be able to bind canonical TNF ligands, thus strengthening the idea that these receptors are able to bind human TNF-α. This also raises the hypothesis that an endogenous ligand was substituted by the host ligand in parasitic platyhelminths. Moreover, our analysis indicates that death domains (DD) may be present in the intracellular region of most platyhelminth TNF receptors, thus pointing to a previously unreported apoptotic action of such receptors in platyhelminths. Our data highlight the idea that host-parasite crosstalk using the TNF pathway may be widespread in parasitic platyhelminths to mediate apoptotic responses. This opens up a new hypothesis to uncover what might be an important component to understand platyhelminth infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio R Bertevello
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno R A Russo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Tahira
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ednilson Hilário Lopes-Junior
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo DeMarco
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Katia C Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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Chen L, Zheng L, Chen P, Liang G. Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response Protein 88 (MyD88): The Central Hub of TLR/IL-1R Signaling. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13316-13329. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Pengqin Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
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16
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Wang B, Bhattacharya M, Roy S, Tian Y, Yin Q. Immunobiology and structural biology of AIM2 inflammasome. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 76:100869. [PMID: 32660715 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is a cytoplasmic sensor that upon recognizing double-stranded DNA assembles with apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and procaspase-1 to form the multi-protein complex AIM2 inflammasome. Double-stranded DNA from bacterial, viral, or host cellular origins triggers AIM2 inflammasome assembly and activation, ultimately resulting in secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and pyroptotic cell death in order to eliminate microbial infection. Many pathogens therefore evade or suppress AIM2 inflammasome to establish infection. On the other hand, AIM2 activation is tightly controlled by multiple cellular factors to prevent autoinflammation. Extensive structural studies have captured the molecular details of multiple steps in AIM2 inflammasome assembly. The structures collectively revealed a nucleated polymerization mechanism that not only pervades each step of AIM2 inflammasome assembly, but also underlies assembly of other inflammasomes and complexes in immune signaling. In this article, we briefly review the identification of AIM2 as a cytoplasmic DNA sensor, summarize the importance of AIM2 inflammasome in infections and diseases, and discuss the molecular mechanisms of AIM2 assembly, activation, and regulation using recent cellular, biochemical, and structural results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32301, USA
| | - Madhurima Bhattacharya
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32301, USA
| | - Sayantan Roy
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32301, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32301, USA
| | - Qian Yin
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32301, USA; Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32301, USA.
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17
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Moncrieffe MC, Bollschweiler D, Li B, Penczek PA, Hopkins L, Bryant CE, Klenerman D, Gay NJ. MyD88 Death-Domain Oligomerization Determines Myddosome Architecture: Implications for Toll-like Receptor Signaling. Structure 2020; 28:281-289.e3. [PMID: 31995744 PMCID: PMC7054835 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pivotal in triggering the innate immune response to pathogen infection. Ligand binding induces receptor dimerization which facilitates the recruitment of other post-receptor signal transducers into a complex signalosome, the Myddosome. Central to this process is Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), which is required by almost all TLRs, and signaling is thought to proceed via the stepwise, sequential assembly of individual components. Here, we show that the death domains of human MyD88 spontaneously and reversibly associate to form helical filaments in vitro. A 3.1-Å cryoelectron microscopy structure reveals that the architecture of the filament is identical to that of the 6:4 MyD88-IRAK4-IRAK2 hetero-oligomeric Myddosome. Additionally, the death domain of IRAK4 interacts with the filaments to reconstitute the non-stoichiometric 6:4 MyD88-IRAK4 complex. Together, these data suggest that intracellularly, the MyD88 scaffold may be pre-formed and poised for recruitment of IRAKs on receptor activation and TIR engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Pawel A Penczek
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Texas, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lee Hopkins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Nicholas J Gay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
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18
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Lu L, Loker ES, Zhang SM, Buddenborg SK, Bu L. Genome-wide discovery, and computational and transcriptional characterization of an AIG gene family in the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata, a vector for Schistosoma mansoni. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:190. [PMID: 32122294 PMCID: PMC7053062 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The AIG (avrRpt2-induced gene) family of GTPases, characterized by the presence of a distinctive AIG1 domain, is mysterious in having a peculiar phylogenetic distribution, a predilection for undergoing expansion and loss, and an uncertain functional role, especially in invertebrates. AIGs are frequently represented as GIMAPs (GTPase of the immunity associated protein family), characterized by presence of the AIG1 domain along with coiled-coil domains. Here we provide an overview of the remarkably expanded AIG repertoire of the freshwater gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata, compare it with AIGs in other organisms, and detail patterns of expression in B. glabrata susceptible or resistant to infection with Schistosoma mansoni, responsible for the neglected tropical disease of intestinal schistosomiasis. RESULTS We define the 7 conserved motifs that comprise the AIG1 domain in B. glabrata and detail its association with at least 7 other domains, indicative of functional versatility of B. glabrata AIGs. AIG genes were usually found in tandem arrays in the B. glabrata genome, suggestive of an origin by segmental gene duplication. We found 91 genes with complete AIG1 domains, including 64 GIMAPs and 27 AIG genes without coiled-coils, more than known for any other organism except Danio (with > 100). We defined expression patterns of AIG genes in 12 different B. glabrata organs and characterized whole-body AIG responses to microbial PAMPs, and of schistosome-resistant or -susceptible strains of B. glabrata to S. mansoni exposure. Biomphalaria glabrata AIG genes clustered with expansions of AIG genes from other heterobranch gastropods yet showed unique lineage-specific subclusters. Other gastropods and bivalves had separate but also diverse expansions of AIG genes, whereas cephalopods seem to lack AIG genes. CONCLUSIONS The AIG genes of B. glabrata exhibit expansion in both numbers and potential functions, differ markedly in expression between strains varying in susceptibility to schistosomes, and are responsive to immune challenge. These features provide strong impetus to further explore the functional role of AIG genes in the defense responses of B. glabrata, including to suppress or support the development of medically relevant S. mansoni parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Lu
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Eric S. Loker
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Si-Ming Zhang
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Sarah K. Buddenborg
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Lijing Bu
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
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19
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Lacey CA, Miao EA. Programmed Cell Death in the Evolutionary Race against Bacterial Virulence Factors. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a036459. [PMID: 31501197 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune sensors can recognize when host cells are irrevocably compromised by pathogens, and in response can trigger programmed cell death (pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis). Innate sensors can directly bind microbial ligands; for example, NAIP/NLRC4 detects flagellin/rod/needle, whereas caspase-11 detects lipopolysaccharide. Other sensors are guards that monitor normal function of cellular proteins; for instance, pyrin monitors Rho GTPases, whereas caspase-8 and receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK)3 guards RIPK1 transcriptional signaling. Some proteins that need to be guarded can be duplicated as decoy domains, as seen in the integrated decoy domains within NLRP1 that watch for microbial attack. Here, we discuss the evolutionary battle between pathogens and host innate immune sensors/guards, illustrated by the Red Queen hypothesis. We discuss in depth four pathogens, and how they either fail in this evolutionary race (Chromobacterium violaceum, Burkholderia thailandensis), or how the evolutionary race generates increasingly complex virulence factors and host innate immune signaling pathways (Yersinia species, and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli [EPEC]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Lacey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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20
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Wang JQ, Liu YR, Xia Q, Chen RN, Liang J, Xia QR, Li J. Emerging Roles for NLRC5 in Immune Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1352. [PMID: 31824312 PMCID: PMC6880621 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity activates the corresponding immune response relying on multiple pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that includes pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), like NOD-like receptors (NLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), which could accurately recognize invasive pathogens. In particular, NLRs belong to a large protein family of pattern recognition receptors in the cytoplasm, where they are highly correlated with activation of inflammatory response system followed by rapid clearance of invasive pathogens. Among the NLRs family, NLRC5, also known as NOD4 or NOD27, accounts for a large proportion and involves in immune responses far and wide. Notably, in the above response case of inflammation, the expression of NLRC5 remarkably increased in immune cells and immune-related tissues. However, the evidence for higher expression of NLRC5 in immune disease still remains controversial. It is noted that the growing evidence further accounts for the participation of NLRC5 in the innate immune response and inflammatory diseases. Moreover, NLRC5 has also been confirmed to exert a critical role in the control of regulatory diverse signaling pathways. Together with its broad participation in the occurrence and development of immune diseases, NLRC5 can be consequently treated as a potential therapeutic target. Nevertheless, the paucity of absolute understanding of intrinsic characteristics and underlying mechanisms of NLRC5 still make it hard to develop targeting drugs. Therefore, current summary about NLRC5 information is indispensable. Herein, current knowledge of NLRC5 is summarized, and research advances in terms of NLRC5 in characteristics, biological function, and regulatory mechanisms are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Ya-Ru Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Quan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing-Rong Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
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21
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Zhang X, Xu X, Shen Y, Fang Y, Zhang J, Bai Y, Gu S, Wang R, Chen T, Li J. Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88) is involved in the innate immunity of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) defense against pathogen infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:220-229. [PMID: 31494279 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is an important transduction protein in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. In this study, we identified the cDNA of the MpMyD88 gene in black carp. We found that MpMyD88 was widely distributed in the tissues tested and showed significant immune responses both in vitro and in vivo after stimulation with bacterial and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. After MpMyD88 overexpression/silencing, proinflame-matory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-α, IL-6, and IL-8) also showed significant up-regulation/down-regulation. Moreover, we found that the antibacterial ability of cells over-expressing MpMyD88 was significantly stronger than that of control cells, while that of silenced MpMyD88 was significantly lower than that in control cells. Besides, we found that the overexpression of MpMyD88 significantly increased the activity of NF-κB. These results indicate that MpMyD88 plays an important role in the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuting Gu
- Key Laboratory of Conventional Freshwater Fish Breeding and Health Culture Technology Germplasm Resources, Suzhou Shenhang Eco-technology Development Limited Company, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Rongquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Conventional Freshwater Fish Breeding and Health Culture Technology Germplasm Resources, Suzhou Shenhang Eco-technology Development Limited Company, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Tiansheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Rebl A, Rebl H, Verleih M, Haupt S, Köbis JM, Goldammer T, Seyfert HM. At Least Two Genes Encode Many Variants of Irak3 in Rainbow Trout, but Neither the Full-Length Factor Nor Its Variants Interfere Directly With the TLR-Mediated Stimulation of Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2246. [PMID: 31616422 PMCID: PMC6763605 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-1-receptor-associated kinase 3 (IRAK3) is known in mammals as a negative feedback regulator of NF-κB-mediated innate-immune mechanisms. Our RNA-seq experiments revealed a prototypic 1920-nt sequence encoding irak3 from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), as well as 20 variants that vary in length and nucleotide composition. Based on the DNA-sequence information from two closely related irak3 genes from rainbow trout and an irak3-sequence fragment from Atlantic salmon retrieved from public databases, we elucidated the underlying genetic causes for this striking irak3 diversity. Infecting rainbow trout with a lethal dose of Aeromonas salmonicida enhanced the expression of all variants in the liver, head kidney, and peripheral blood leucocytes. We analyzed the functional impact of the full-length factor and selected structural variants by overexpressing them in mammalian HEK-293 cells. The full-length factor enhanced the basal activity of NF-κB, but did not dampen the TLR2-signaling-induced levels of NF-κB activation. Increasing the basal NF-κB-activity through Irak3 apparently does not involve its C-terminal domain. However, more severely truncated factors had only a minor impact on the activity of NF-κB. The TLR2-mediated stimulation did not alter the spatial distribution of Irak3 inside the cells. In salmonid CHSE-214 cells, we observed that the Irak3-splice variant that prominently expresses the C-terminal domain significantly quenched the stimulation-dependent production of interleukin-1β and interleukin-8, but not the production of other immune regulators. We conclude that the different gene and splice variants of Irak3 from trout play distinct roles in the activation of immune-regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rebl
- Fish Genetics Unit, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Henrike Rebl
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marieke Verleih
- Fish Genetics Unit, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Stephanie Haupt
- Fish Genetics Unit, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Judith M Köbis
- Fish Genetics Unit, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Fish Genetics Unit, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Seyfert
- Fish Genetics Unit, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
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23
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de Alba E. Structure, interactions and self-assembly of ASC-dependent inflammasomes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 670:15-31. [PMID: 31152698 PMCID: PMC8455077 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inflammasome is a multi-protein platform that assembles upon the presence of cues derived from infection or tissue damage, and triggers the inflammatory response. Inflammasome components include sensor proteins that detect danger signals, procaspase 1 and the adapter ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) tethering these molecules together. Upon inflammasome assembly, procaspase 1 self-activates and renders functional cytokines to arbitrate in the defense mechanism. This assembly is mediated by self-association and protein interactions via Death Domains. The inflammasome plays a critical role in innate immunity and its dysregulation is the culprit of many autoimmune disorders. An in-depth understanding of the factors involved in inflammasome assembly could help fight these conditions. This review describes our current knowledge on the biophysical aspects of inflammasome formation from the perspective of ASC. The specific characteristics of the three-dimensional solution structure and interdomain dynamics of ASC are explained in relation to its function in inflammasome assembly. Additionally, the review elaborates on the identification of ASC interacting surfaces at the amino acid level using NMR techniques. Finally, the macrostructures formed by full-length ASC and its two Death Domains studied with Transmission Electron Microscopy are compared in the context of a directional model for inflammasome assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva de Alba
- Department of Bioengineering. School of Engineering. University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
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24
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Nair A, Chauhan P, Saha B, Kubatzky KF. Conceptual Evolution of Cell Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3292. [PMID: 31277491 PMCID: PMC6651758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last 100 years, cell signaling has evolved into a common mechanism for most physiological processes across systems. Although the majority of cell signaling principles were initially derived from hormonal studies, its exponential growth has been supported by interdisciplinary inputs, e.g., from physics, chemistry, mathematics, statistics, and computational fields. As a result, cell signaling has grown out of scope for any general review. Here, we review how the messages are transferred from the first messenger (the ligand) to the receptor, and then decoded with the help of cascades of second messengers (kinases, phosphatases, GTPases, ions, and small molecules such as cAMP, cGMP, diacylglycerol, etc.). The message is thus relayed from the membrane to the nucleus where gene expression ns, subsequent translations, and protein targeting to the cell membrane and other organelles are triggered. Although there are limited numbers of intracellular messengers, the specificity of the response profiles to the ligands is generated by the involvement of a combination of selected intracellular signaling intermediates. Other crucial parameters in cell signaling are its directionality and distribution of signaling strengths in different pathways that may crosstalk to adjust the amplitude and quality of the final effector output. Finally, we have reflected upon its possible developments during the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arathi Nair
- National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Prashant Chauhan
- National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
| | - Katharina F Kubatzky
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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25
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Decoding the sweet regulation of apoptosis: the role of glycosylation and galectins in apoptotic signaling pathways. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:981-993. [PMID: 30903104 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation and glycan-binding proteins such as galectins play an important role in the control of cell death signaling. Strikingly, very little attention has been given so far to the understanding of the molecular details behind this key regulatory network. Glycans attached to the death receptors such as CD95 and TRAIL-Rs, either alone or in a complex with galectins, might promote or inhibit apoptotic signals. However, we have just started to decode the functions of galectins in the modulation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. In this work, we have discussed the current understanding of the glycosylation-galectin regulatory network in CD95- as well as TRAIL-R-induced apoptosis and therapeutic strategies based on targeting galectins in cancer.
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26
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Yuan W, Ibáñez CF, Lin Z. Death domain of p75 neurotrophin receptor: a structural perspective on an intracellular signalling hub. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1282-1293. [PMID: 30762293 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The death domain (DD) is a globular protein motif with a signature feature of an all-helical Greek-key motif. It is a primary mediator of a variety of biological activities, including apoptosis, cell survival and cytoskeletal changes, which are related to many neurodegenerative diseases, neurotrauma, and cancers. DDs exist in a wide range of signalling proteins including p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR ), a member of the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily. The specific signalling mediated by p75NTR in a given cell depends on the type of ligand engaging the extracellular domain and the recruitment of cytosolic interactors to the intracellular domain, especially the DD, of the receptor. In solution, the p75NTR -DDs mainly form a symmetric non-covalent homodimer. In response to extracellular signals, conformational changes in the p75NTR extracellular domain (ECD) propagate to the p75NTR -DD through the disulfide-bonded transmembrane domain (TMD) and destabilize the p75NTR -DD homodimer, leading to protomer separation and exposure of binding sites on the DD surface. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the study of the structural mechanism of p75NTR -DD signalling through recruitment of diverse intracellular interactors for the regulation and control of diverse functional outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensu Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Carlos F Ibáñez
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, 17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhi Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore
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27
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Nambayan RJT, Sandin SI, Quint DA, Satyadi DM, de Alba E. The inflammasome adapter ASC assembles into filaments with integral participation of its two Death Domains, PYD and CARD. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:439-452. [PMID: 30459235 PMCID: PMC6333874 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex necessary for the onset of inflammation. The adapter protein ASC assembles inflammasome components by acting as a molecular glue between danger-signal sensors and procaspase-1. The assembly is mediated by ASC self-association and protein interactions via its two Death Domains, PYD and CARD. Truncated versions of ASC have been shown to form filaments, but information on the filaments formed by full-length ASC is needed to construct a meaningful model of inflammasome assembly. To gain insights into this system, we used a combination of transmission EM, NMR, and computational analysis to investigate intact ASC structures. We show that ASC forms ∼6-7-nm-wide filaments that stack laterally to form bundles. The structural characteristics and dimensions of the bundles indicate that both PYD and CARD are integral parts of the filament. A truncated version of ASC with only the CARD domain (ASCCARD) forms different filaments (∼3-4-nm width), providing further evidence that both domains work in concert in filament assembly. Ring-shaped protein particles bound to pre-existing filaments match the size of ASC dimer structures generated by NMR-based protein docking, suggesting that the ASC dimer could be a basic building block for filament formation. Solution NMR binding studies identified the protein surfaces involved in the ASCCARD-ASCCARD interaction. These data provide new insights into the structural underpinnings of the inflammasome and should inform future efforts to interrogate this important biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzanne I Sandin
- From the Department of Bioengineering
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology Graduate Program
| | - David A Quint
- NSF-CREST Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Machines, and
- Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, California 95343
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28
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Diaz-Parga P, de Alba E. Protein interactions of the inflammasome adapter ASC by solution NMR. Methods Enzymol 2019; 625:223-252. [PMID: 31455529 PMCID: PMC8455076 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) is a modular protein that functions as an adapter of the inflammasome, a multi-protein complex that triggers the inflammatory response in the presence of infection or cell damage. ASC bridges the inflammasome components (PYD-containing sensors and procaspase 1) via homotypic interactions mediated by its two death domains, PYD and CARD. The self-assembly and oligomerization of multiple copies of these three proteins result in the activation of procaspase 1, in turn rendering different cytokines functional. An in-depth understanding of ASC binding capabilities is crucial to decipher the molecular mechanisms of its role in inflammasome formation. In this chapter, we discuss the use of solution NMR to identify specific interacting surfaces of the inflammasome adapter ASC, and describe detailed protocols to perform NMR titrations with Death Domains to obtain apparent dissociation constants of the resulting complexes. The incorporation of NMR restraints in molecular docking to obtain models of these protein assemblies is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Diaz-Parga
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA, United States,Quantitative Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Eva de Alba
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA, United States,Corresponding author:
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29
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Zhao L, Jiang X, Chen T, Sun H, Ren C. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of MyD88 from the tropical sea cucumber, Holothuria leucospilota. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 83:1-7. [PMID: 30194053 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) named as HLMyD88 was identified from the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota. The full-length cDNA of HLMyD88 is 4797 bp in size, containing a 227 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 3721 bp 3'-UTR and an 849 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 282 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 32.25 kDa HLMyD88 contains an N-terminal death domain and a C-terminal Toll/interluekin-1 receptor (TIR) domain with three highly conserved sequence motifs named as Box 1, Box 2 and Box 3. The results of luciferase reporter assay showed that over-expressed HLMyD88 in HEK293T cells could activate the transcription factors nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1). Additionally, the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in the HEK293T cells was increased by over-expressed HLMyD88, indicating the potential role of HLMyD88 in the innate immunity of sea cucumber. Moreover, we further confirmed that over-expressed HLMyD88 could also induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Candidate Drug Research, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Xiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China.
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China.
| | - Hongyan Sun
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
| | - Chunhua Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China.
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30
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Guo B, Liu S, Li J, Liao Z, Liu H, Xia H, Qi P. Identification and functional characterization of three myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) isoforms from thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 83:123-133. [PMID: 30205204 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is a pivotal adapter protein that involved in interleukin-1 receptor/toll-like receptor (IL-1R/TLR) signal transduction, which could spur downstream cascades and eventually drawn into innate immune response. MyD88 has been extensively studied in vertebrates, however, the information ascribe to MyD88 in invertebrates is still very scarce especially its function annotation remains extremely obscure. At here, three novel MyD88 isoforms termed McMyD88a, McMyD88b and McMyD88c were firstly cloned from thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus. McMyD88a, McMyD88b and McMyD88c shared domain topology containing the Death domain (DD) and TIR domain (TIR) with its counterparts in mammals. All three McMyD88s were ubiquitously expressed in examined tissues in thick shell mussel, with the higher expression levels in immune-related tissues such as haemocytes, gills and digestive glands. Upon Vibrio alginolyticus, polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, McMyD88a, McMyD88b and McMyD88c transcripts were significantly induced in haemocytes despite of differential expression levels and responsive time points. Overexpression of McMyD88a, McMyD88b and McMyD88c showed a dose-dependent induction to NF-κB or ISRE in mammalian cell lines. Taken together, these results suggested that McMyD88a, McMyD88b and McMyD88c are members of MyD88 family and play potential roles in innate immune response to pathogenic invasions in thick shell mussel. Moreover, these results suggested indirectly the existence of a MyD88-dependent signaling pathway in thick shell mussel, and provide insight into the immunoregulatory effect in molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoying Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Shuobo Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Jiji Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Zhi Liao
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Hu Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient, Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Hunan, Changde, 415000, China
| | - Pengzhi Qi
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China.
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31
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Zhao XM, Chu XH, Liu Y, Liu QN, Jiang SH, Zhang DZ, Tang BP, Zhou CL, Dai LS. A myeloid differentiation factor 88 gene from yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and its molecular characterization in response to polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid and lipopolysaccharide challenge. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1080-1086. [PMID: 30176326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is an adaptor protein of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling pathways that activates the innate immune system. Herein, MyD88 was identified in the economically important freshwater fish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The complete 2156 bp PfMyD88 cDNA includes a 147 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 1133 bp 3'-UTR, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 876 bp encoding a 291 residue protein containing Death and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains. The deduced protein sequence shares 88.8%, 73.8% and 59.3% identity with orthologs in Ictalurus punctatus, Danio rerio and Homo sapiens, respectively. qRT-PCR revealed expression in all tested tissues, highest in trunk kidney, followed by spleen, and lowest in muscle. After challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (Poly I:C), PfMyD88 expression was up-regulated in blood, liver, head kidney and spleen. Thus, PfMyD88 acts in innate immunity in P. fulvidraco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224051, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China; Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hua Chu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224051, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224051, People's Republic of China; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Ning Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sen-Hao Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224051, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Zhen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224051, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Ping Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun-Lin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224051, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Shang Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Huang Y, Wang W, Xu Z, Pan J, Zhao Z, Ren Q. Eriocheir sinensis microRNA-7 targets crab Myd88 to enhance white spot syndrome virus replication. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 79:274-283. [PMID: 29775740 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. In this study, the function of microRNA-7 (miR-7) in host-virus interaction was investigated. Replication of White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was enhanced with the overexpression of miR-7 and inhibited with the downregulation of miR-7 by using anti-miRNA oligonucleotide AMO-miR-7. The target gene of miR-7 was predicted using bioinformatics methods. Results showed that crab myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88) could be targeted by miR-7. When the expression of Myd88 was knocked down by sequence-specific siRNA, WSSV copies in crabs were significantly increased. Further findings revealed that knockdown of Myd88, Tube, or Pelle inhibited the expressions of interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2 homolog (ILF2) and interleukin-16-like gene (IL-16L). While ILF2 was silenced, IL-16L expression was inhibited. The overexpression of miR-7 inhibited the expressions of ILF2 and IL-16L. Moreover, when ILF2 or IL-16L was silenced, WSSV copies in crabs were increased. Thus, the upregulated expression of miR-7 during WSSV challenge suppressed the host Myd88-ILF2-(IL-16L) signaling pathway in crabs and enhanced WSSV replication. Our study indicated that WSSV utilized crab miR-7 to enhance virus replication during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Jianlin Pan
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China.
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Gerdol M, Luo YJ, Satoh N, Pallavicini A. Genetic and molecular basis of the immune system in the brachiopod Lingula anatina. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:7-30. [PMID: 29278680 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The extension of comparative immunology to non-model systems, such as mollusks and annelids, has revealed an unexpected diversity in the complement of immune receptors and effectors among evolutionary lineages. However, several lophotrochozoan phyla remain unexplored mainly due to the lack of genomic resources. The increasing accessibility of high-throughput sequencing technologies offers unique opportunities for extending genome-wide studies to non-model systems. As a result, the genome-based study of the immune system in brachiopods allows a better understanding of the alternative survival strategies developed by these immunologically neglected phyla. Here we present a detailed overview of the molecular components of the immune system identified in the genome of the brachiopod Lingula anatina. Our findings reveal conserved intracellular signaling pathways as well as unique strategies for pathogen detection and killing in brachiopods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Yi-Jyun Luo
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Satoh
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Alberto Pallavicini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy; Anton Dohrn Zoological Station, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
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Lang L, Zhang Z, Jing W, Hwang JS, Lee SC, Wang L. Identification of a novel toll gene (Shtoll3) from the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense and its expression pattern changes in response to cadmium followed by Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 71:177-190. [PMID: 29017939 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll signaling is essential for expression of immune genes which are important for defense against bacterial, fungal and viral infections in invertebrates. Although several toll genes have been identified in the crustaceans, none of them has been investigated in freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense. Moreover, the effect of cadmium (Cd) on toll gene expression has never been examined on the freshwater crabs which live in the sediments and are prone to heavy metal bioaccumulation. Our transcriptomic analysis of hepatopancreas tissue reveals that toll3 gene expression has been decreased when treated with Cd. In this study, we cloned one toll gene (hereby designated Shtoll3) from the crab. The full-length cDNA of Shtoll3 was 4488 bp, with an ORF of 3693 bp encoding a putative protein of 1230 amino acids, a 5'-untranslated region of 414 bp and a 3'-untranslated region of 781 bp. Phylogenetic analysis showed that ShToll3 was clustered into the group of DmToll8. The tissue distribution results showed that Shtoll3 was expressed widely in different tissues, with the highest in gills, and the lowest in hemocytes. Shtoll3 expression was down-regulated only in midguts after Aeromonas hydrophila infection. With Cd presence, Shtoll3 expression in response to A. hydrophila were up-regulated in midguts and gills, which was further confirmed by western blotting analysis. Moreover, the mRNA level of two antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) crustin and c-lys, which possibly responded to Cd and A. hydrophila stimulation through Shtoll3, were analysised. Thus, we conclude that Cd changes the susceptibility of Shtoll3 to A. hydrophila infection in gills and midguts. This suggest that Shtoll3 may contribute to the innate immune defense of S. henanense to A. hydrophila and Cd can modify the immune function in epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Lang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zuobing Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Weixin Jing
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shao-Chin Lee
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Indramohan M, Stehlik C, Dorfleutner A. COPs and POPs Patrol Inflammasome Activation. J Mol Biol 2017; 430:153-173. [PMID: 29024695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sensing and responding to pathogens and tissue damage is a core mechanism of innate immune host defense, and inflammasomes represent a central cytosolic pattern recognition receptor pathway leading to the generation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 and pyroptotic cell death that causes the subsequent release of danger signals to propagate and perpetuate inflammatory responses. While inflammasome activation is essential for host defense, deregulated inflammasome responses and excessive release of inflammatory cytokines and danger signals are linked to an increasing spectrum of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will discuss recent developments in elucidating the role of PYRIN domain-only proteins (POPs) and the related CARD-only proteins (COPs) in regulating inflammasome responses and their impact on inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanalaxmi Indramohan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Christian Stehlik
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center and Skin Disease Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Andrea Dorfleutner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Zhang N, Yuan W, Fan JS, Lin Z. 1H, 15N and 13C chemical shift assignments of the C-terminal domain of TRADD. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2017; 11:281-284. [PMID: 28815448 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-017-9763-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated death domain protein, TRADD, is a multifunctional intracellular molecule participating in divergent signaling pathways, such as NF-κB and apoptosis. TRADD consists of two structurally distinct domains. Its N-terminal domain displays an α-β plaits fold while its C-terminal domain belongs to the death domain (DD) superfamily. TRADD DD is a central component in the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 signaling. It interacts with other DD-containing proteins through homotypic interactions. TRADD DD is also involved in p75NTR-mediated signalling in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Here we report backbone and sidechain 1H, 13C and 15N chemical shift assignments of TRADD DD in pure water as a basis for further structural and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wensu Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Song Fan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhi Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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37
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Qi Z, Sun B, Zhang Q, Meng F, Xu Q, Wei Y, Gao Q. Molecular cloning, structural modeling, and expression analysis of MyD88 and IRAK4 of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 74:19-24. [PMID: 28408332 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
MyD88 and IRAK4 are important components of TLR signaling pathways. However, information about MyD88 and IRAK4 is vacant in golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus), a marine teleost with great commercial value. Thus, in this study the full lengths of trMyD88 and trIRAK4 were cloned from golden pompano using RT-PCR and RACE-PCR methods. trMyD88 was 1213 bp in length, encoding a putative protein of 288 amino acids (aa), consisting of a 99 aa of death domain at its N-terminal and a 137 aa of the TIR domain at its C-terminal. trIRAK4 was 1606 bp in length, encoding a putative protein of 469 aa, including an N-terminal death domain and a central kinase domain, connected by a ProST domain. Other domains or aa residues needed for their functions were also identified in trMyD88 and trIRAK4. Physicochemical features and 3-D structures of trMyD88 and trIRAK4 were also analyzed. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the 2 genes were ubiquitously expressed in tissues from healthy pompano, especially highly in the spleen and head kidney, indicating their roles in the immune response. Further, trMyD88 and trIRAK4 were up-regulated at 12 h after the Vibrio alginilyticus and polyI:C challenge and continued to 48 h post challenge. Our results demonstrated that MyD88 and IRAK4 played important roles in the golden pompano innate immune system, providing the basis for further study of the signaling pathways that these 2 genes are involved in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Qi
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434020, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224051, China.
| | - Baobao Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Bioresource Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Autonomous Region 53004, China
| | - Qihuan Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434020, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224051, China
| | - Fancui Meng
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Qiaoqing Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434020, China
| | - Youchuan Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Bioresource Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Autonomous Region 53004, China.
| | - Qian Gao
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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38
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Park JH, Choi JY, Mustafa MF, Park HH. In vitro reconstitution of interactions in the CARD9 signalosome. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3910-3916. [PMID: 28765954 PMCID: PMC5646969 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The caspase-associated recruitment domain (CARD)-containing protein 9 (CARD9) signalosome is composed of CARD9, B-cell CLL/lymphoma 10 (BCL10) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1). The CARD9 signalosome has been reported to exert critical functions in the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-coupled receptor-mediated activation of myeloid cells, through nuclear factor-κB pathways during innate immunity processes. During CARD9 signalosome assembly, BCL10 has been revealed to function as an adaptor protein and to interact with CARD9 via CARD-CARD interactions; BCL10 also interacts with MALT1 via its C-terminal Ser/Thr-rich region and the first immunoglobulin domain of MALT1. The CARD9 signalosome is implicated in critical biological processes; however, its structural and biochemical characteristics have yet to be elucidated. In the present study, CARD9 and BCL10 CARDs were successfully purified and characterized, and their biochemical properties were investigated. In addition, CARD9-BCL10 complexes were reconstituted in vitro under low salt and pH conditions. Furthermore, based on structural modeling data, a scheme was proposed to describe the interactions between CARD9 and BCL10. This provides a further understanding of the mechanism of how the CARD9 signalosome may be assembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Park
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Graduate School of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsangnam 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Choi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Graduate School of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsangnam 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Mir Faisal Mustafa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Graduate School of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsangnam 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Graduate School of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsangnam 38541, Republic of Korea
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Structure of the C-terminal domain of TRADD reveals a novel fold in the death domain superfamily. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7073. [PMID: 28765645 PMCID: PMC5539145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The TNFR1-associated death domain protein (TRADD) is an intracellular adaptor protein involved in various signaling pathways, such as antiapoptosis. Its C-terminal death domain (DD) is responsible for binding other DD-containing proteins including the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). Here we present a solution structure of TRADD DD derived from high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. The TRADD DD comprises two super-secondary structures, an all-helix Greek key motif and a β-hairpin motif flanked by two α helices, which make it unique among all known DD structures. The β-hairpin motif is essential for TRADD DD to fold into a functional globular domain. The highly-charged surface suggests a critical role of electrostatic interactions in TRADD DD-mediated signaling. This novel structure represents a new class within the DD superfamily and provides a structural basis for studying homotypic DD interactions. NMR titration revealed a direct weak interaction between TRADD DD and p75NTR DD monomers. A binding site next to the p75NTR DD homodimerization interface indicates that TRADD DD recruitment to p75NTR requires separation of the p75NTR DD homodimer, explaining the mechanism of NGF-dependent activation of p75NTR-TRADD-mediated antiapoptotic pathway in breast cancer cell.
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40
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Vilar M. Structural Characterization of the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor: A Stranger in the TNFR Superfamily. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 104:57-87. [PMID: 28215307 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) was the founding member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily (TNFRSF), it is an atypical TNFRSF protein. p75NTR like TNF-R1 and Fas-R contain an extracellular domain with four cysteine-rich domains (CRD) and a death domain (DD) in the intracellular region. While TNFRSF proteins are activated by trimeric TNFSF ligands, p75NTR forms dimers activated by dimeric neurotrophins that are structurally unrelated to TNFSF proteins. In addition, although p75NTR shares with other members the interaction with the TNF receptor-associated factors to activate the NF-κB and cell death pathways, p75NTR does not interact with the DD-containing proteins FADD, TRADD, or MyD88. By contrast, the DD of p75NTR is able to recruit several protein interactors via a full catalog of DD interactions not described before in the TNFRSF. p75-DD forms homotypic symmetrical DD-DD complexes with itself and with the related p45-DD; forms heterotypic DD-CARD interactions with the RIP2-CARD domain, and forms a new interaction between a DD and RhoGDI. All these features, in addition to its promiscuous interactions with several ligands and coreceptors, its processing by α- and γ-secretases, the dimeric nature of its transmembrane domain and its "special" juxtamembrane region, make p75NTR a truly stranger in the TNFR superfamily. In this chapter, I will summarize the known structural aspects of p75NTR and I will analyze from a structural point of view, the similitudes and differences between p75NTR and the other members of the TNFRSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vilar
- Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit, Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain.
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41
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Dossang ACG, Motshwene PG, Yang Y, Symmons MF, Bryant CE, Borman S, George J, Weber ANR, Gay NJ. The N-terminal loop of IRAK-4 death domain regulates ordered assembly of the Myddosome signalling scaffold. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37267. [PMID: 27876844 PMCID: PMC5120336 DOI: 10.1038/srep37267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of Toll-like receptors induces dimerization and the recruitment of the death domain (DD) adaptor protein MyD88 into an oligomeric post receptor complex termed the Myddosome. The Myddosome is a hub for inflammatory and oncogenic signaling and has a hierarchical arrangement with 6-8 MyD88 molecules assembling with exactly 4 of IRAK-4 and 4 of IRAK-2. Here we show that a conserved motif in IRAK-4 (Ser8-X-X-X-Arg12) is autophosphorylated and that the phosphorylated DD is unable to form Myddosomes. Furthermore a mutant DD with the phospho-mimetic residue Asp at this position is impaired in both signalling and Myddosome assembly. IRAK-4 Arg12 is also essential for Myddosome assembly and signalling and we propose that phosphorylated Ser8 induces the N-terminal loop to fold into an α-helix. This conformer is stabilised by an electrostatic interaction between phospho-Ser8 and Arg12 and would destabilise a critical interface between IRAK-4 and MyD88. Interestingly IRAK-2 does not conserve this motif and has an alternative interface in the Myddosome that requires Arg67, a residue conserved in paralogues, IRAK-1 and 3(M).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C G Dossang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.,Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Precious G Motshwene
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Martyn F Symmons
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Satty Borman
- Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Julie George
- Junior Research Group Toll-Like Receptors and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander N R Weber
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicholas J Gay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
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Chakrabandhu K, Hueber AO. Fas Versatile Signaling and Beyond: Pivotal Role of Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Context-Dependent Signaling and Diseases. Front Immunol 2016; 7:429. [PMID: 27799932 PMCID: PMC5066474 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fas/FasL system is known, first and foremost, as a potent apoptosis activator. While its proapoptotic features have been studied extensively, evidence that the Fas/FasL system can elicit non-death signals has also accumulated. These non-death signals can promote survival, proliferation, migration, and invasion of cells. The key molecular mechanism that determines the shift from cell death to non-death signals had remained unclear until the recent identification of the tyrosine phosphorylation in the death domain of Fas as the reversible signaling switch. In this review, we present the connection between the recent findings regarding the control of Fas multi-signals and the context-dependent signaling choices. This information can help explain variable roles of Fas signaling pathway in different pathologies.
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43
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Oroz J, Barrera-Vilarmau S, Alfonso C, Rivas G, de Alba E. ASC Pyrin Domain Self-associates and Binds NLRP3 Protein Using Equivalent Binding Interfaces. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19487-501. [PMID: 27432880 PMCID: PMC5016686 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.741082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Death domain superfamily members typically act as adaptors mediating in the assembly of supramolecular complexes with critical apoptosis and inflammation functions. These modular proteins consist of death domains, death effector domains, caspase recruitment domains, and pyrin domains (PYD). Despite the high structural similarity among them, only homotypic interactions participate in complex formation, suggesting that subtle factors differentiate each interaction type. It is thus critical to identify these factors as an essential step toward the understanding of the molecular basis of apoptosis and inflammation. The proteins apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and NLRP3 play key roles in the regulation of apoptosis and inflammation through self-association and protein-protein interactions mediated by their PYDs. To better understand the molecular basis of their function, we have characterized ASC and NLRP3 PYD self-association and their intermolecular interaction by solution NMR spectroscopy and analytical ultracentrifugation. We found that ASC self-associates and binds NLRP3 PYD through equivalent protein regions, with higher binding affinity for the latter. These regions are located at opposite sides of the protein allowing multimeric complex formation previously shown in ASC PYD fibril assemblies. We show that NLRP3 PYD coexists in solution as a monomer and highly populated large-order oligomerized species. Despite this, we determined its monomeric three-dimensional solution structure by NMR and characterized its binding to ASC PYD. Using our novel structural data, we propose molecular models of ASC·ASC and ASC·NLRP3 PYD early supramolecular complexes, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms of inflammasome and apoptosis signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Oroz
- From the Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Departments of Chemical and Physical Biology and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), ℅Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen-37077, Germany, and
| | - Susana Barrera-Vilarmau
- From the Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Departments of Chemical and Physical Biology and
| | | | | | - Eva de Alba
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9 Madrid-28040, Spain, the Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California at Merced, Merced, California 95343
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44
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Quistad SD, Lim YW, Silva GGZ, Nelson CE, Haas AF, Kelly LW, Edwards RA, Rohwer FL. Using viromes to predict novel immune proteins in non-model organisms. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20161200. [PMID: 27581878 PMCID: PMC5013795 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunity is mostly studied in a few model organisms, leaving the majority of immune systems on the planet unexplored. To characterize the immune systems of non-model organisms alternative approaches are required. Viruses manipulate host cell biology through the expression of proteins that modulate the immune response. We hypothesized that metagenomic sequencing of viral communities would be useful to identify both known and unknown host immune proteins. To test this hypothesis, a mock human virome was generated and compared to the human proteome using tBLASTn, resulting in 36 proteins known to be involved in immunity. This same pipeline was then applied to reef-building coral, a non-model organism that currently lacks traditional molecular tools like transgenic animals, gene-editing capabilities, and in vitro cell cultures. Viromes isolated from corals and compared with the predicted coral proteome resulted in 2503 coral proteins, including many proteins involved with pathogen sensing and apoptosis. There were also 159 coral proteins predicted to be involved with coral immunity but currently lacking any functional annotation. The pipeline described here provides a novel method to rapidly predict host immune components that can be applied to virtually any system with the potential to discover novel immune proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Quistad
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego 92182, USA
| | - Yan Wei Lim
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego 92182, USA
| | - Genivaldo Gueiros Z Silva
- Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego 92182, USA
| | - Craig E Nelson
- Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, Department of Oceanography and Sea Grant College Program, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, HI 96822, USA
| | - Andreas F Haas
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego 92182, USA
| | - Linda Wegley Kelly
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego 92182, USA
| | - Robert A Edwards
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego 92182, USA Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego 92182, USA Department of Computer Science, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego 92182, USA
| | - Forest L Rohwer
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego 92182, USA
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45
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Abstract
Inflammasomes are protein complexes that promote the maturation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and danger signals as well as pyroptosis in response to infections and cellular stress. Inflammasomes consist of a sensor, an adapter, and the effector caspase-1, which interact through homotypic interactions of caspase recruitment domains (CARDs) or PYRIN domains (PYDs). Hence, decoy proteins encoding only a CARD or PYD, COPs and POPs, respectively, are assumed to inhibit inflammasome assembly. Sensors encoding a PYD belong to the families of NOD-like receptors containing a PYD (NLRPs) or AIM2-like receptors (ALRs), which interact with the PYD- and CARD-containing adapter ASC through homotypic PYD interactions. Subsequently, ASC undergoes PYD-dependent oligomerization, which promotes CARD-mediated interactions between ASC and caspase-1, resulting in caspase-1 activation. POPs are suggested to interfere with the interaction between NLRPs/ALRs and ASC to prevent nucleation of ASC and therefore prevent an oligomeric platform for caspase-1 activation. Similarly, COPs are suggested to bind to the CARD of caspase-1 to prevent its recruitment to the oligomeric ASC platform and its activation. Alternatively, the adapter ASC may regulate inflammasome activity by expressing different isoforms, which are either capable or incapable of assembling an oligomeric ASC platform. The molecular mechanism of inflammasome assembly has only recently been elucidated, but the effects of most COPs and POPs on inflammasome assembly have not been investigated. Here, we discuss our model of COP- and POP-mediated inflammasome regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dorfleutner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Lin Z, Tann JY, Goh ETH, Kelly C, Lim KB, Gao JF, Ibanez CF. Structural basis of death domain signaling in the p75 neurotrophin receptor. eLife 2015; 4:e11692. [PMID: 26646181 PMCID: PMC4739766 DOI: 10.7554/elife.11692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Death domains (DDs) mediate assembly of oligomeric complexes for activation of downstream signaling pathways through incompletely understood mechanisms. Here we report structures of complexes formed by the DD of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) with RhoGDI, for activation of the RhoA pathway, with caspase recruitment domain (CARD) of RIP2 kinase, for activation of the NF-kB pathway, and with itself, revealing how DD dimerization controls access of intracellular effectors to the receptor. RIP2 CARD and RhoGDI bind to p75NTR DD at partially overlapping epitopes with over 100-fold difference in affinity, revealing the mechanism by which RIP2 recruitment displaces RhoGDI upon ligand binding. The p75NTR DD forms non-covalent, low-affinity symmetric dimers in solution. The dimer interface overlaps with RIP2 CARD but not RhoGDI binding sites, supporting a model of receptor activation triggered by separation of DDs. These structures reveal how competitive protein-protein interactions orchestrate the hierarchical activation of downstream pathways in non-catalytic receptors. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11692.001 Cells have proteins called receptors on their surface that can bind to specific molecules on the outside of the cell. Typically, this binding activates the receptor and the activated receptor then triggers some biochemical changes inside the cell. For many receptors, the portion of the receptor inside the cell is essentially an enzyme that can trigger a biochemical change by itself. Some receptors, however, lack any enzymatic activity, and it is often unclear how these ‘non-catalytic receptors’ trigger changes inside a cell. A protein called p75 neurotrophin receptor (or p75NTR for short) is a non-catalytic receptor that is expressed when neurons are injured and its activity leads to the death of the neurons and related cells. Inhibiting this non-catalytic receptor is an attractive strategy for limiting the damage caused by diseases of the nervous system. However, the molecular mechanisms behind the activity of p75NTR are not well understood. Previous biochemical studies set out to answer the question of how p75NTR engages with components of the signaling machinery inside the cell, and found several components that interact with this receptor. Now, Lin et al. have tried to gain a more detailed understanding of those interactions at a molecular level. This involved solving the three-dimensional structures of three protein complexes that involve part of p75NTR (called the “death domain”) and one of two signaling components (called RhoGDI and RIP2). Two of the protein complexes showed that RIP2 and RhoGDI bind to the receptor’s death domain at partially overlapping sites, although RIP2 binds about 100 times more strongly than RhoGDI.A third protein complex showed an interaction between two copies of the death domain, which involves a surface of the receptor that overlaps with RIP2’s, but not RhoGDI’s, binding site. These structures, together with the results of other experiments, allowed Lin et al. to propose a model that could explain how p75NTR is activated. First, the two death domains must be separated. Next, RIP2 is recruited to the receptor, and outcompetes and displaces RhoGDI. This change in protein-protein interactions switches the receptor’s signaling from one pathway to the other. Now that these structures are available, they can be used in future experiments to design specific changes in the receptor that would allow researchers to dissect its different activities. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11692.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Lin
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason Y Tann
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eddy T H Goh
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claire Kelly
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Buay Lim
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian Fang Gao
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carlos F Ibanez
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Vajjhala PR, Lu A, Brown DL, Pang SW, Sagulenko V, Sester DP, Cridland SO, Hill JM, Schroder K, Stow JL, Wu H, Stacey KJ. The Inflammasome Adaptor ASC Induces Procaspase-8 Death Effector Domain Filaments. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:29217-30. [PMID: 26468282 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.687731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes mediate inflammatory and cell death responses to pathogens and cellular stress signals via activation of procaspases-1 and -8. During inflammasome assembly, activated receptors of the NLR or PYHIN family recruit the adaptor protein ASC and initiate polymerization of its pyrin domain (PYD) into filaments. We show that ASC filaments in turn nucleate procaspase-8 death effector domain (DED) filaments in vitro and in vivo. Interaction between ASC PYD and procaspase-8 tandem DEDs optimally required both DEDs and represents an unusual heterotypic interaction between domains of the death fold superfamily. Analysis of ASC PYD mutants showed that interaction surfaces that mediate procaspase-8 interaction overlap with those required for ASC self-association and interaction with the PYDs of inflammasome initiators. Our data indicate that multiple types of death fold domain filaments form at inflammasomes and that PYD/DED and homotypic PYD interaction modes are similar. Interestingly, we observed condensation of procaspase-8 filaments containing the catalytic domain, suggesting that procaspase-8 interactions within and/or between filaments may be involved in caspase-8 activation. Procaspase-8 filaments may also be relevant to apoptosis induced by death receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alvin Lu
- the Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Darren L Brown
- the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Siew Wai Pang
- From the School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and
| | | | - David P Sester
- From the School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and
| | | | - Justine M Hill
- From the School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and
| | - Kate Schroder
- the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Stow
- the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hao Wu
- the Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Katryn J Stacey
- From the School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia,
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48
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Lin JY, Hu GB, Yu CH, Li S, Liu QM, Zhang SC. Molecular cloning and expression studies of the adapter molecule myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 52:166-171. [PMID: 26025195 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is an adapter protein involved in the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB). In this study, a full length cDNA of MyD88 was cloned from turbot, Scophthalmus maximus. It is 1619 bp in length and contains an 858-bp open reading frame that encodes a peptide of 285 amino acid residues. The putative turbot (Sm)MyD88 protein possesses a N-terminal death domain and a C-terminal Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain known to be important for the functions of MyD88 in mammals. Phylogenetic analysis grouped SmMyD88 with other fish MyD88s. SmMyD88 mRNA was ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues of healthy turbots, with higher levels observed in immune-relevant organs. To explore the role of SmMyD88, its gene expression profile in response to stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) or turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV) was studied in the head kidney, spleen, gills and muscle over a 7-day time course. The results showed an up-regulation of SmMyD88 transcript levels by the three immunostimulants in all four examined tissues, with the induction by CpG-ODN strongest and initiated earliest and inducibility in the muscle very weak. Additionally, TRBIV challenge resulted in a quite high level of SmMyD88 expression in the spleen, whereas the two synthetic immunostimulants induced the higher levels in the head kidney. These data provide insights into the roles of SmMyD88 in the TLR/IL-1R signaling pathway of the innate immune system in turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yun Lin
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guo-Bin Hu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Chang-Hong Yu
- College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Song Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qiu-Ming Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shi-Cui Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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49
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Structure and function of legumain in health and disease. Biochimie 2015; 122:126-50. [PMID: 26403494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The last years have seen a steady increase in our understanding of legumain biology that is driven from two largely uncoupled research arenas, the mammalian and the plant legumain field. Research on legumain, which is also referred to as asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP) or vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE), is slivered, however. Here we summarise recent important findings and put them into a common perspective. Legumain is usually associated with its cysteine endopeptidase activity in lysosomes where it contributes to antigen processing for class II MHC presentation. However, newly recognized functions disperse previously assumed boundaries with respect to their cellular compartmentalisation and enzymatic activities. Legumain is also found extracellularly and even translocates to the cytosol and the nucleus, with seemingly incompatible pH and redox potential. These different milieus translate into changes of legumain's molecular properties, including its (auto-)activation, conformational stability and enzymatic functions. Contrasting its endopeptidase activity, legumain can develop a carboxypeptidase activity which remains stable at neutral pH. Moreover, legumain features a peptide ligase activity, with intriguing mechanistic peculiarities in plant and human isoforms. In pathological settings, such as cancer or Alzheimer's disease, the proper association of legumain activities with the corresponding cellular compartments is breached. Legumain's increasingly recognized physiological and pathological roles also indicate future research opportunities in this vibrant field.
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50
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Abstract
The PYRIN domain (PYD) is a protein-protein interaction domain, which belongs to the death domain fold (DDF) superfamily. It is best known for its signaling function in innate immune responses and particularly in the assembly of inflammasomes, which are large protein complexes that allow the induced proximity-mediated activation of caspase-1 and subsequently the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The molecular mechanism of inflammasome assembly was only recently elucidated and specifically requires PYD oligomerization. Here we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of PYD signaling and its regulation by PYD-only proteins.
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