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Kretschmer R. Ligands with Two Monoanionic N,N-Binding Sites: Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry. Chemistry 2020; 26:2099-2119. [PMID: 31755598 PMCID: PMC7064907 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Polytopic ligands have become ubiquitous in coordination chemistry because they grant access to a variety of mono- and polynuclear complexes of transition metals as well as rare-earth and main-group elements. Nitrogen-based ditopic ligands, in which two monoanionic N,N-binding sites are framed within one molecule, are of particular importance and are therefore the primary focus of this review. In detail, bis(amidine)s, bis(guanidine)s, bis(β-diimine)s, bis(aminotroponimine)s, bis(pyrrolimine)s, and miscellaneous bis(N,N-chelating) ligands are reviewed. In addition to the general synthetic protocols, the application of these ligands is discussed along with their coordination chemistry, the multifarious binding modes, and the ability of these ligands to bridge two (or more) metal(loids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kretschmer
- Junior Professorship Inorganic Chemistry of Catalysis, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 807743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
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2
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Fujita M, Furusho Y. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of substituted guanidines using 1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamidine and S-methylisothiouronium sulfate under solvent-free conditions. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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3
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Bucio-Cano A, Reyes-Arellano A, Correa-Basurto J, Bello M, Torres-Jaramillo J, Salgado-Zamora H, Curiel-Quesada E, Peralta-Cruz J, Avila-Sorrosa A. Targeting quorum sensing by designing azoline derivatives to inhibit the N-hexanoyl homoserine lactone-receptor CviR: Synthesis as well as biological and theoretical evaluations. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7565-77. [PMID: 26654469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To counteract bacterial resistance, we investigated the interruption of quorum sensing mediated by non-classical bioisosteres of the N-hexanoyl homoserine lactone with an azoline core. For this purpose, a set of selected 2-substituted azolines was synthesized, establishing the basis for a new protocol to synthesize 2-amino imidazolines. The synthesized compounds were evaluated as inhibitors of violacein production in Chromobacterium violaceum. Theoretical studies on bioisostere-protein interactions were performed using CviR. The results show that some azolines decreased violacein production, suggesting an antiquorum sensing profile against Gram-negative bacteria. Docking and molecular dynamic simulations together with binding free energy calculations revealed the exact binding and inhibitory profiles. These theoretical results show relationship with the in vitro activity of the azoline series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Bucio-Cano
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus Casco de Santo Tomás, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, 11340 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Alicia Reyes-Arellano
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus Casco de Santo Tomás, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, 11340 México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular y Diseño de Fármacos, Campus Casco de Santo Tomás, 11340 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Martiniano Bello
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular y Diseño de Fármacos, Campus Casco de Santo Tomás, 11340 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Jenifer Torres-Jaramillo
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus Casco de Santo Tomás, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, 11340 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Héctor Salgado-Zamora
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus Casco de Santo Tomás, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, 11340 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Everardo Curiel-Quesada
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus Casco de Santo Tomás, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, 11340 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Javier Peralta-Cruz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus Casco de Santo Tomás, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, 11340 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Alcives Avila-Sorrosa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus Casco de Santo Tomás, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, 11340 México, D.F., Mexico
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4
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Bektas N, Nemutlu D, Arslan R. The imidazoline receptors and ligands in pain modulation. Indian J Pharmacol 2015; 47:472-8. [PMID: 26600633 PMCID: PMC4621665 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.165196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is an unpleasant experience and effects daily routine negatively. Although there are various drugs, many of them are not entirely successful in relieving pain, since pain modulation is a complex process involving numerous mediators and receptors. Therefore, it is a rational approach to identify the factors involved in the complex process and develop new agents that act on these pain producing mechanisms. In this respect, the involvement of the imidazoline receptors in pain modulation has drawn attention in recent years. In this review, it is aimed to focus on the imidazoline receptors and their ligands which contribute to the pain modulation. It is demonstrated that imidazoline-2 (I2) receptors are steady new drug targets for analgesics. Even if the mechanism of I2 receptor is not well known in the modulation of pain, it is known that it plays a role in tonic and chronic pain but not in acute phasic pain. Moreover, the I2 receptor ligands increase the analgesic effects of opioids in both acute and chronic pain and prevent the development of opioid tolerance. So, they are valuable for the chronic pain treatment and also therapeutic coadjuvants in the management of chronic pain with opiate drugs due to the attenuation of opioid tolerance and addiction. Thus, the use of the ligands which bind to the imidazoline receptors is an effective strategy for relieving pain. This educational forum exhibits the role of imidazoline receptors and ligands in pain process by utilizing experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Bektas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Dilara Nemutlu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Rana Arslan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey
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5
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Ramos-Molina B, López-Contreras AJ, Lambertos A, Dardonville C, Cremades A, Peñafiel R. Influence of ornithine decarboxylase antizymes and antizyme inhibitors on agmatine uptake by mammalian cells. Amino Acids 2015; 47:1025-34. [PMID: 25655388 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Agmatine (4-aminobutylguanidine), a dicationic molecule at physiological pH, exerts relevant modulatory actions at many different molecular target sites in mammalian cells, having been suggested that the administration of this compound may have therapeutic interest. Several plasma membrane transporters have been implicated in agmatine uptake by mammalian cells. Here we report that in kidney-derived COS-7 cell line, at physiological agmatine levels, the general polyamine transporter participates in the plasma membrane translocation of agmatine, with an apparent Km of 44 ± 7 µM and Vmax of 17.3 ± 3.3 nmol h(-1) mg(-1) protein, but that at elevated concentrations, agmatine can be also taken up by other transport systems. In the first case, the physiological polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine), several diguanidines and bis(2-aminoimidazolines) and the polyamine transport inhibitor AMXT-1501 markedly decreased agmatine uptake. In cells transfected with any of the three ornithine decarboxylase antizymes (AZ1, AZ2 and AZ3), agmatine uptake was dramatically reduced. On the contrary, transfection with antizyme inhibitors (AZIN1 and AZIN2) markedly increased the transport of agmatine. Furthermore, whereas putrescine uptake was significantly decreased in cells transfected with ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the accumulation of agmatine was stimulated, suggesting a trans-activating effect of intracellular putrescine on agmatine uptake. All these results indicate that ODC and its regulatory proteins (antizymes and antizyme inhibitors) may influence agmatine homeostasis in mammalian tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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6
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Castagnolo D, Schenone S, Botta M. Guanylated Diamines, Triamines, and Polyamines: Chemistry and Biological Properties. Chem Rev 2011; 111:5247-300. [PMID: 21657224 DOI: 10.1021/cr100423x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Castagnolo
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Alcide de Gasperi 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Alcide de Gasperi 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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7
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Antiprotozoal activity of 1-phenethyl-4-aminopiperidine derivatives. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:3815-21. [PMID: 19564359 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00124-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 44 4-aminopiperidine derivatives was screened in vitro against four protozoan parasites (Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani, and Plasmodium falciparum). This screening identified 29 molecules selectively active against bloodstream-form T. b. rhodesiense trypomastigotes, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) ranging from 0.12 to 10 microM, and 33 compounds active against the chloroquine- and pyrimethamine-resistant K1 strain of P. falciparum (IC50 range, 0.17 to 5 microM). In addition, seven compounds displayed activity against intracellular T. cruzi amastigotes in the same range as the reference drug benznidazole (IC50, 1.97 microM) but were also cytotoxic to L-6 cells, showing little selectivity for T. cruzi. None of the molecules tested showed interesting antileishmanial activity against axenic amastigotes of L. donovani. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the antitrypanosomal activity of molecules bearing the 4-aminopiperidine skeleton.
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Rodriguez F, Rozas I, Ortega JE, Erdozain AM, Meana JJ, Callado LF. Guanidine and 2-Aminoimidazoline Aromatic Derivatives as α2-Adrenoceptor Antagonists. 2. Exploring Alkyl Linkers for New Antidepressants. J Med Chem 2008; 51:3304-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800026x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rodriguez
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country, 48940-Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain, and CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Isabel Rozas
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country, 48940-Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain, and CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Jorge E. Ortega
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country, 48940-Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain, and CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Amaia M. Erdozain
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country, 48940-Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain, and CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - J. Javier Meana
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country, 48940-Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain, and CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Luis F. Callado
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country, 48940-Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain, and CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM, Spain
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9
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Corcoran J, Rodriguez F, Rozas I, Meana JJ, Callado LF. On the search of new I2-IBS aliphatic ligands: Bis-guanidino carbonyl derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:6009-12. [PMID: 17826997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Revised: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Continuing with our search of aliphatic dicationic derivatives as I2-IBS ligands and looking at Amiloride, a known ligand of I2-IBS, we have incorporated the guanidinocarbonyl moiety into our aliphatic compounds with the intention of improving the binding to I2-IBS. Thus, we present the different approaches to the preparation and pharmacological evaluation (in human brain tissue) as I2-IBS ligands of a new series of aliphatic derivatives incorporating the guanidinocarbonyl group and with different chain length (n= 8-12, and 14 methylene groups).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Corcoran
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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10
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Rodriguez F, Rozas I, Ortega JE, Meana JJ, Callado LF. Guanidine and 2-Aminoimidazoline Aromatic Derivatives as α2-Adrenoceptor Antagonists, 1: Toward New Antidepressants with Heteroatomic Linkers. J Med Chem 2007; 50:4516-27. [PMID: 17691718 DOI: 10.1021/jm070229q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The efficient preparation and pharmacological characterization of different families of (bis)guanidine and (bis)2-aminoimidazoline derivatives ("twin" and "half" molecules) as potential alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonists for the treatment of depression is presented. The affinity toward the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor of all the compounds prepared was measured in vitro in human brain tissue. Additionally, the activity as agonist or antagonist of those compounds with a pK(i) larger than 7 was determined in functional [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding assays in human brain tissue. Finally, the activity of the most promising compounds was confirmed by means of in vivo microdialysis experiments in rats. Compounds 1, 2b, 3b, 12b, 13b, 17b, 18b, 22b, 25b, 26b, 28b, and 30 showed a good affinity toward the alpha(2)-ARs. In general, the 2-aminoimidazoline derivatives displayed higher affinities than their guanidine analogues. Finally and most importantly, compounds 18b and 26b showed antagonistic properties over alpha(2)-ARs not only in vitro [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding but also in vivo microdialysis experiments. Moreover, both compounds have shown to be able to cross the blood-brain barrier and, therefore, they can be considered as potential antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rodriguez
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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11
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Filosa R, Buonerba M, Loddo R, Busonera B, La Colla P, Saturnino C. N, N' (4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-2-yl)3-aza-1,10-decane-diamine and N, N'(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)3-aza-1, 10-dodecane-diamine antagonize cell proliferation as selective ligands towards topoisomerase II. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006; 58:1415-20. [PMID: 17034667 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.10.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
New alkyl imidazoline derivatives have been synthesized as potential anti-cancer agents. The anti-proliferative activity of these compounds, evaluated against representative human haematological and solid neoplastic cell lines, showed that N, N'-di (4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)3-aza-1,10-decane-diamine (8) and N, N'-di (4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)3-aza-1,10-dodecane-diamine (9) were the most active compounds; in fact, they inhibited the cell proliferation at submicromolar concentrations. In enzyme assays, compound 9 turned out to be an inhibitor of topoisomerase II at concentrations comparable with those of the reference topoisomerase II inhibitor, etoposide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Filosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
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12
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Dardonville C, Fernandez-Fernandez C, Gibbons SL, Ryan GJ, Jagerovic N, Gabilondo AM, Meana JJ, Callado LF. Synthesis and pharmacological studies of new hybrid derivatives of fentanyl active at the mu-opioid receptor and I2-imidazoline binding sites. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:6570-80. [PMID: 16797997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two series of fentanyl-derived hybrid molecules bearing potent I2-imidazoline binding site (IBS) ligands (i.e., guanidine and BU224 moieties) linked with an aliphatic (m=2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 12 methylene units) or aromatic spacer were prepared. Their affinities for the mu-opioid receptors and for the I2-IBS were determined through competition binding studies on human postmortem brain membranes. Whereas the BU224 hybrid molecules bound to the mu-opioid receptor and the I2-IBS in the micromolar to low micromolar range, the alkaneguanidine series exhibited remarkable affinities in the nanomolar range for both receptors. [35S]GTPgammaS functional assays were performed on human postmortem brain membranes with selected ligands from each series (4f and 8g) showing the highest dual affinity for the mu-opioid receptor and I2-IBS affinities. Both compounds displayed agonist properties: at the mu-opioid receptor for the alkaneguanidine derivative 4f (spacer: six methylene units) and at a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) which remains to be determined for 8g. The lack of analgesic properties of 4f in vivo (i.e., hot plate and writhing tests in mice), discordant with the good in vitro binding data (Ki mu=1.04+/-0.28 nM, Ki I2=409+/-238 nM), may possibly be due to the low intrinsic efficacy of the compound. Alternatively, a low access to the central nervous system for this kind of hybrid molecules cannot be ruled out. Two new compounds reported here (9f and 13), which were not dual acting, are worth mentioning for their outstanding binding affinities; 9f bound to the mu-opioid receptor with a picomolar affinity (Ki=0.0098+/-0.0033 nM), whereas 13 presented an I2-IBS affinity (Ki=18+/-11 nM) similar to the reference compound BU224.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, Brazil.
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14
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Dardonville C, Rozas I. Imidazoline binding sites and their ligands: an overview of the different chemical structures. Med Res Rev 2004; 24:639-61. [PMID: 15224384 DOI: 10.1002/med.20007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Since Bousquet et al. discovered the imidazoline binding sites (IBS) two decades ago, when they realized that the antihypertensive drug clonidine interacts not only with the alpha2-adrenenoceptors (alpha2-AR) but also with a distinct imidazoline preferring binding site, these receptors have been paid a great deal of attention. At least two subtypes, I1 and I2, have been characterised based on their binding affinity for different radioligands, but their structures still remain unknown. The pharmacological profile of these IBSs has been the objective of several and very thorough reviews. However, a medicinal chemistry overview of the different IBS ligands prepared to date has never been attempted. In this study, we attempt to compile all the different chemical structures reported to date as IBS ligands and classify them in function of their chemical structure and binding affinity for the different IBS subtypes. Thus, we comment on the different endogenous IBS ligands known as well as the drugs described to interact with the I1-IBS which have found application as antihypertensive drugs. Then, we review those compounds described in the literature to interact with the I2-IBS, classifying them by their chemical families (imidazolines, guanidines, 2-aminoimidazolines, beta-carbolines). Finally, some conclusions are drawn.
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15
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Dardonville C, Jagerovic N, Callado LF, Meana JJ. Fentanyl derivatives bearing aliphatic alkaneguanidinium moieties: a new series of hybrid molecules with significant binding affinity for mu-opioid receptors and I2-imidazoline binding sites. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:491-3. [PMID: 14698188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A new series of fentanyl derivatives [i.e., N-[1-(2-phenethyl)-4-piperidyl]-N-(guanidinoalkyl)propanamide] bearing aliphatic alkaneguanidinium moieties were prepared. Their affinities for the micro opioid receptors and for the I(2)-imidazoline binding sites (I(2)-IBS) were determined on human post-mortem prefrontal cortex membranes. All of these hybrid compounds had significant and/or very high affinity for both receptors in the nanomolar range, meaning an improvement compared to the prototype N-[1-(2-phenethyl)-4-piperidyl]-N-(guanidinopropyl)propanamide previously reported.
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16
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Dardonville C, Brun R. Bisguanidine, Bis(2-aminoimidazoline), and Polyamine Derivatives as Potent and Selective Chemotherapeutic Agents against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Synthesis and in Vitro Evaluation. J Med Chem 2004; 47:2296-307. [PMID: 15084128 DOI: 10.1021/jm031024u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro screening for trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense of an in-house library of 62 compounds [i.e. alkane, diphenyl, and azaalkane bisguanidines and bis(2-aminoimidazolines)], which were chosen for their structural similarity to the trypanocidal agents synthalin (1,10-decanediguanidine) and 4,4'-diguanidinodiphenylmethane and the polyamine N(1)-(3-amino-propyl)propane-1,3-diamine, respectively, is reported. The original synthetic procedure for the preparation of 21 of these compounds is also reported. Most compounds displayed low micromolar antitrypanosomal activity, with five of them presenting a nanomolar inhibitory action on the parasite: 1,9-nonanediguanidine (1c), 1,12-dodecanediguanidine (1d), 4,4'-bis[1,3-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-imidazolidinylimino]diphenylamine (28a), 4,4'-bis(4,5-dihydro-1H-2-imidazolylamino)diphenylamine (28b), and 4,4'-diguanidinodiphenylamine (32b). Those molecules that showed an excellent in vitro activity as well as high selectivity for the parasite [e.g. 1c (IC(50) = 49 nM; SI > 5294), 28b (IC(50) = 69 nM; SI = 3072), 32b (IC(50) = 22 nM; SI = 29.5), 41b (IC(50) = 118 nM; SI = 881)] represent new antitrypanosomal lead compounds.
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Defacqz N, Tran-Trieu V, Cordi A, Marchand-Brynaert J. Synthesis of C5-substituted imidazolines. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Touzeau F, Arrault A, Guillaumet G, Scalbert E, Pfeiffer B, Rettori MC, Renard P, Mérour JY. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine derivatives. J Med Chem 2003; 46:1962-79. [PMID: 12723959 DOI: 10.1021/jm021050c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-(4,5-Dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine derivatives and tricyclic analogues with a fused additional ring on the nitrogen atom of the benzoxazine moiety have been prepared and evaluated for their cardiovascular effects as potential antihypertensive agents. The imidazoline ring was generated by reaction of the corresponding ethyl ester with ethylenediamine. Affinities for imidazoline binding sites (IBS) I(1) and I(2) and alpha(1) and alpha(2) adrenergic receptors were evaluated as well as the effects on mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) of spontaneously hypertensive rats. With few exceptions the most active compounds on MAP were those with high affinities for IBS and alpha(2) receptor. Among these, compound 4h was the most interesting and is now, together with its enantiomers, under complementary pharmacological evaluation.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenal Medulla/metabolism
- Animals
- Antihypertensive Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antihypertensive Agents/chemistry
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Binding Sites
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Cattle
- Frontal Lobe/drug effects
- Frontal Lobe/metabolism
- Heart Rate/drug effects
- Imidazoles/chemical synthesis
- Imidazoles/chemistry
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Imidazoline Receptors
- In Vitro Techniques
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/metabolism
- Oxazines/chemical synthesis
- Oxazines/chemistry
- Oxazines/pharmacology
- Rabbits
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Drug/drug effects
- Receptors, Drug/metabolism
- Stereoisomerism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Touzeau
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, UMR-CNRS 6005, BP 6759, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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Dardonville C, Rozas I, Goya P, Girón R, Goicoechea C, Martín MI. Synthesis and analgesic activity of a series of new azaalkane bis-guanidinium and bis(2-aminoimidazolinium) compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:1283-91. [PMID: 12628655 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper, we wish to report the synthesis and antinociceptive activity of a series of new azaalkane bis(2-aminoimidazolinium) compounds from which, N,N'-di(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-3-aza-1,6-hexanediamine 2a has shown the best analgesic properties in vivo in two different assays (i.e., acetic acid-induced writhing test and hot-plate test in mice), as well as oral bioavailability.
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