1
|
Illuminati D, Trapella C, Zanirato V, Guerrini R, Albanese V, Sturaro C, Stragapede S, Malfacini D, Compagnin G, Catani M, Fantinati A. (L)-Monomethyl Tyrosine (Mmt): New Synthetic Strategy via Bulky 'Forced-Traceless' Regioselective Pd-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-H Activation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1592. [PMID: 38004457 PMCID: PMC10675785 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The enormous influence in terms of bioactivity, affinity, and selectivity represented by the replacement of (L)-2,6-dimethyl tyrosine (Dmt) instead of Phenylalanine (Phe) into Nociceptin/orphanin (N/OFQ) neuropeptide analogues has been well documented in the literature. More recently, the non-natural amino acid (L)-2-methyl tyrosine (Mmt), with steric hindrance included between Tyr and Dmt, has been studied because of the modulation of steric effects in opioid peptide chains. Here, we report a new synthetic strategy to obtain Mmt based on the well-known Pd-catalyzed ortho-C(sp2)-H activation approach, because there is a paucity of other synthetic routes in the literature to achieve it. The aim of this work was to force only the mono-ortho-methylation process over the double ortho-methylation one. In this regard, we are pleased to report that the introduction of the dibenzylamine moiety on a Tyr aromatic nucleus is a convenient and traceless solution to achieve such a goal. Interestingly, our method provided the aimed Mmt either as N-Boc or N-Fmoc derivatives ready to be inserted into peptide chains through solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Importantly, the introduction of Mmt in place of Phe1 in the sequence of N/OFQ(1-13)-NH2 was very well tolerated in terms of pharmacological profile and bioactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Illuminati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 213/d, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Claudio Trapella
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.T.); (V.Z.); (R.G.); (G.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Vinicio Zanirato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.T.); (V.Z.); (R.G.); (G.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Remo Guerrini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.T.); (V.Z.); (R.G.); (G.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Valentina Albanese
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Chiara Sturaro
- U.O. Neurological Clinic, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (C.S.)
| | - Simona Stragapede
- U.O. Neurological Clinic, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (C.S.)
| | - Davide Malfacini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via 8 Febbraio, 2, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Greta Compagnin
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.T.); (V.Z.); (R.G.); (G.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.T.); (V.Z.); (R.G.); (G.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Anna Fantinati
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tyagi A, Daliri EBM, Kwami Ofosu F, Yeon SJ, Oh DH. Food-Derived Opioid Peptides in Human Health: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8825. [PMID: 33233481 PMCID: PMC7700510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
World Health Organization data suggest that stress, depression, and anxiety have a noticeable prevalence and are becoming some of the most common causes of disability in the Western world. Stress-related disorders are considered to be a challenge for the healthcare system with their great economic and social impact. The knowledge on these conditions is not very clear among many people, as a high proportion of patients do not respond to the currently available medications for targeting the monoaminergic system. In addition, the use of clinical drugs is also associated with various side effects such as vomiting, dizziness, sedation, nausea, constipation, and many more, which prevents their effective use. Therefore, opioid peptides derived from food sources are becoming one of the safe and natural alternatives because of their production from natural sources such as animals and plant proteins. The requirement for screening and considering dietary proteins as a source of bioactive peptides is highlighted to understand their potential roles in stress-related disorders as a part of a diet or as a drug complementing therapeutic prescription. In this review, we discussed current knowledge on opioid endogenous and exogenous peptides concentrating on their production, purification, and related studies. To fully understand their potential in stress-related conditions, either as a drug or as a therapeutic part of a diet prescription, the need to screen more dietary proteins as a source of novel opioid peptides is emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (A.T.); (E.B.-M.D.); (F.K.O.); (S.-J.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu X, Zhao L, Wang Y, Zhou J, Wang D, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang Z, Yang D, Mou L, Wang R. MEL-N16: A Series of Novel Endomorphin Analogs with Good Analgesic Activity and a Favorable Side Effect Profile. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:2180-2193. [PMID: 28732166 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid peptides are neuromodulators that bind to opioid receptors and reduce pain sensitivity. Endomorphins are among the most active endogenous opioid peptides, and they have good affinity and selectivity toward the μ opioid receptor. However, their clinical usage is hindered by their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier and their poor in vivo activity after peripheral injection. In order to overcome these defects, we have designed and synthesized a series of novel endomorphin analogs with multiple site modifications. Radioligand binding, cAMP accumulation, and β-arrestin-2 recruitment assays were employed to determine the activity of synthesized endomorphin analogs toward opioid receptors. The blood-brain barrier permeability and antinociceptive effect of these analogs were determined in several rodent models of acute and persistent pain. In addition, the side effects of the analogs were examined. The radioligand binding assay and functional activity examination indicated that the MEL-N16 series of compounds were more active agonists against μ opioid receptor than were the parent peptides. Notably, the analogs displayed biased downstream signaling toward G-protein pathways over β-arrestin-2 recruitment. The analogs showed highly potent antinociceptive effects in the tested nociceptive models. In comparison with endomorphins, the synthesized analogs were better able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and exerted their pain regulatory activity in the central nervous system after peripheral injection. These analogs also have lower tendency to cause side effects than morphine does at similar or equal antinociceptive doses. The MEL-N16 compounds have highly potent and efficacious analgesic effects in various pain models with a favorable side effect profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Department of Pharmacology,
Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical
Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Department of Pharmacology,
Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical
Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Department of Pharmacology,
Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical
Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Department of Pharmacology,
Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical
Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Department of Pharmacology,
Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical
Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Department of Pharmacology,
Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical
Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xianghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Department of Pharmacology,
Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical
Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhaojuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Department of Pharmacology,
Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical
Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Dongxu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Department of Pharmacology,
Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical
Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Mou
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Department of Pharmacology,
Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical
Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Department of Pharmacology,
Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical
Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rational Approach to the Design of Bioactive Peptidomimetics: Recent Developments in Opioid Agonist Peptides. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63462-7.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
5
|
Perlikowska R, Malfacini D, Cerlesi MC, Calo' G, Piekielna J, Floriot L, Henry T, do-Rego JC, Tömböly C, Kluczyk A, Janecka A. Pharmacological characterization of endomorphin-2-based cyclic pentapeptides with methylated phenylalanine residues. Peptides 2014; 55:145-50. [PMID: 24632335 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As part of our continuing studies on the structure-activity relationships of cyclic pentapeptides based on the structure of endomorphin-2, we report here the synthesis and biological activities of a new series of analogs incorporating 2', 3' or 4'-methylphenylalanine (MePhe) residues into positions 3 or 4 of the parent cyclopeptide, Dmt-c[d-Lys-Phe-Phe-Asp]NH2 (Dmt=2',6'-dimethyltyrosine). Analogs with MePhe in position 4 showed a row of magnitude increased μ-opioid receptor (MOP receptor) affinity as compared with a parent compound. The in vitro potencies of the new analogs were determined in calcium mobilization assay performed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells expressing human recombinant opioid receptors and chimeric G proteins. All analogs were strong μ/κ (MOP/KOP) receptor agonists and weak δ (DOP) receptor agonists. In the in vivo hot-plate test in mice, the MePhe(4)-modified peptides showed remarkable antinociceptive activity after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration which was most likely due to the concomitant activation of more than one opioid receptor type.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemistry
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Male
- Mice
- Oligopeptides/administration & dosage
- Oligopeptides/chemistry
- Phenylalanine/analogs & derivatives
- Phenylalanine/chemistry
- Protein Binding
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Perlikowska
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Davide Malfacini
- Department of Medical Science, Section of Pharmacology and Italian Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Camilla Cerlesi
- Department of Medical Science, Section of Pharmacology and Italian Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Girolamo Calo'
- Department of Medical Science, Section of Pharmacology and Italian Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Justyna Piekielna
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Léonore Floriot
- Service Commun d'Analyse Comportementale (SCAC), Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale (IRIB), Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Rouen, 76183 Rouen Cedex, France
| | - Tiphaine Henry
- Service Commun d'Analyse Comportementale (SCAC), Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale (IRIB), Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Rouen, 76183 Rouen Cedex, France
| | - Jean Claude do-Rego
- Service Commun d'Analyse Comportementale (SCAC), Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale (IRIB), Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Rouen, 76183 Rouen Cedex, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France
| | - Csaba Tömböly
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alicja Kluczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Janecka
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mollica A, Costante R, Stefanucci A, Pinnen F, Luisi G, Pieretti S, Borsodi A, Bojnik E, Benyhe S. Hybrid peptides endomorphin-2/DAMGO: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 68:167-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
7
|
Liu X, Wang Y, Xing Y, Yu J, Ji H, Kai M, Wang Z, Wang D, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Wang R. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization of novel endomorphin-1 analogues as extremely potent μ-opioid agonists. J Med Chem 2013; 56:3102-14. [PMID: 23477419 DOI: 10.1021/jm400195y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently we reported the synthesis and structure-activity study of endomorphin-1 (EM-1) analogues containing novel, unnatural α-methylene-β-aminopropanoic acids (Map). In the present study, we describe new EM-1 analogues containing Dmt(1), (R/S)-βPro(2), and (ph)Map(4)/(2-furyl)Map(4). All of the analogues showed a high affinity for the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and increased stability in mouse brain homogenates. Of the new compounds, Dmt(1)-(R)-βPro(2)-Trp(3)-(2-furyl)Map(4) (analogue 12) displayed the highest affinity toward MOR, in the picomolar range (Ki(μ) = 3.72 pM). Forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation assays indicated that this analogue displayed an extremely high agonistic potency, in the subpicomolar range (EC50 = 0.0421 pM, Emax = 99.5%). This compound also displayed stronger in vivo antinociceptive activity after iv administration when compared to morphine in the tail-flick test, which indicates that this analogue was able to cross the blood-brain barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Xing Y, Liu X, Ji H, Kai M, Chen Z, Yu J, Zhao D, Ren H, Wang R. A new class of highly potent and selective endomorphin-1 analogues containing α-methylene-β-aminopropanoic acids (map). J Med Chem 2012; 55:6224-36. [PMID: 22724433 DOI: 10.1021/jm300664y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new class of endomorphin-1 (EM-1) analogues were synthesized by introduction of novel unnatural α-methylene-β-amino acids (Map) at position 3 or/and position 4. Their binding and functional activity, metabolic stability, and antinociceptive activity were determined and compared. Most of these analogues showed high affinities for the μ-opioid receptor and an increased stability in mouse brain homogenates compared with EM-1. Examination of cAMP accumulation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HEK293 cells confirmed the agonist properties of these analogues. Among these new analogues, H-Tyr-Pro-Trp-(2-furyl)Map-NH(2) (analogue 12) exhibited the highest binding potency (K(i)(μ) = 0.221 nM) and efficacy (EC(50) = 0.0334 nM, E(max) = 97.14%). This analogue also displayed enhanced antinociceptive activity in vivo in comparison to EM-1. Molecular modeling approaches were then carried out to demonstrate the interaction pattern of these analogues with the opioid receptors. We found that, compared to EM-1, the incorporation of our synthesized Map at position 4 would bring the analogue to a closer binding mode with the μ-opioid receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Developmental potential for endomorphin opioidmimetic drugs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:715123. [PMID: 25954530 PMCID: PMC4411882 DOI: 10.1155/2012/715123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Morphine, which is agonist for μ-opioid receptors, has been used as an anti-pain drug for millennia. The opiate antagonists, naloxone and naltrexone, derived from morphine, were employed for drug addiction and alcohol abuse. However, these exogenous agonists and antagonists exhibit numerous and unacceptable side effects. Of the endogenous opioid peptides, endomorphin(EM)-1 and endomorphin(EM)-2 with their high μ-receptor affinity and exceptionally high selectivity relative to δ- and κ-receptors in vitro and in vivo provided a sufficiently sequence-flexible entity in order to prepare opioid-based drugs. We took advantage of this unique feature of the endomorphins by exchanging the N-terminal residue Tyr1 with 2′,6′-dimethyl-l-tyrosine (Dmt) to increase their stability and the spectrum of bioactivity. We systematically altered specific residues of [Dmt1]EM-1 and [Dmt1]EM-2 to produce various analogues. Of these analogues, [N-allyl-Dmt1]EM-1 (47) and [N-allyl-Dmt1]EM-2 (48) exhibited potent and selective antagonism to μ-receptors: they completely inhibited naloxone- and naltrexone-induced withdrawal from following acute morphine dependency in mice and reversed the alcohol-induced changes observed in sIPSC in hippocampal slices. Overall, we developed novel and efficacious opioid drugs without deleterious side effects that were able to resist enzymatic degradation and were readily transported intact through epithelial membranes in the gastrointestinal tract and the blood-brain-barrier.
Collapse
|
10
|
2',6'-dimethylphenylalanine: a useful aromatic amino Acid surrogate for tyr or phe residue in opioid peptides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:498901. [PMID: 25954528 PMCID: PMC4412257 DOI: 10.1155/2012/498901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two aromatic amino acids, Tyr(1) and Phe(3) or Phe(4), are important structural elements in opioid peptides because they interact with opioid receptors. The usefulness of an artificial amino acid residue 2',6'-dimethylphenylalanine (Dmp) was investigated as an aromatic amino acid surrogate for several opioid peptides, including enkephalin, dermorphin, deltorphin, endomorphin, dynorphin A, and nociceptin peptides. In most peptides, substitutions of Phe(3) by a Dmp residue produced analogs with improved receptor-binding affinity and selectivity, while the same substitution of Phe(4) induced markedly reduced receptor affinity and selectivity. Interestingly, replacement of Tyr(1) by Dmp produced analogs with unexpectedly high affinity or produced only a slight drop in receptor affinity and bioactivity for most peptides. Thus, Dmp is also a useful surrogate for the N-terminal Tyr residue in opioid peptides despite the lack of a phenolic hydroxyl group, which is considered necessary for opioid activity. The Dmp(1)-substituted analogs are superior to 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine (Dmt)(1)-substituted analogs for high receptor selectivity since the latter generally have poor receptor selectivity. Thus, Dmp is very useful as an aromatic amino acid surrogate in opioid peptides and may be useful for developing other novel peptide mimetics with high receptor specificity.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ambo A, Ohkatsu H, Minamizawa M, Watanabe H, Sugawara S, Nitta K, Tsuda Y, Okada Y, Sasaki Y. Relationship between structure and P-glycoprotein inhibitory activity of dimeric peptides related to the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2192-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
12
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although endomorphins-1 (EM-1; H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Trp-NH(2)) and -2 (EM-2; H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH(2)) are primarily considered agonists for the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), systematic alterations to specific residues provided antagonists and ligands with mixed μ/δ-opioid properties, suitable for application to health-related topics. While the application of endomorphins as antinociceptive agents and numerous biological endpoints were experimentally delineated in laboratory animals and in vitro, clinical use is currently absent. However, structural alterations provide enhanced stability; formation of MOR antagonists or mixed and dual μ/δ-acting ligands could find considerable therapeutic potential. AREAS COVERED This review attempts to succinctly provide insight on the development and bioactivity of endomorphin analogues during the past decade. Rational design approaches will focus on the engineering of endomorphin agonists, antagonists and mixed ligands for their application as a multi-target ligand. EXPERT OPINION Aside from alleviating pain, EM analogues open new horizons in the treatment of medical syndromes involving neural reward mechanisms and extraneural regulation effects on homeostasis. Highly selective MOR antagonists may be promising to reduce inflammation, attenuate addiction to drugs and excess consumption of high-caloric food, ameliorate alcoholism, affect the immune system and combat opioid bowel dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence H Lazarus
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, 111 South TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu WX, Wang R. Endomorphins: potential roles and therapeutic indications in the development of opioid peptide analgesic drugs. Med Res Rev 2011; 32:536-80. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Role of 2',6'-dimethyl-l-tyrosine (Dmt) in some opioid lead compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6024-30. [PMID: 20637637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we evaluated how the interchange of the amino acids 2',6'-dimethyl-L-tyrosine (Dmt), 2',6'-difluoro-L-tyrosine (Dft), and tyrosine in position 1 can affect the pharmacological characterization of some reference opioid peptides and pseudopeptides. Generally, Dft and Tyr provide analogues with a similar pharmacological profile, despite different pK(a) values. Dmt/Tyr(Dft) replacement gives activity changes depending on the reference opioid in which the modification was made. Whereas, H-Dmt-Tic-Asp *-Bid is a potent and selective delta agonist (MVD, IC(50)=0.12nM); H-Dft-Tic-Asp *-Bid and H-Tyr-Tic-Asp *-Bid are potent and selective delta antagonists (pA(2)=8.95 and 8.85, respectively). When these amino acids are employed in the synthesis of deltorphin B and its Dmt(1) and Dft(1) analogues, the three compounds maintain a very similar delta agonism (MVD, IC(50) 0.32-0.53 nM) with a decrease in selectivity relative to the Dmt(1) analogue. In the less selective H-Dmt-Tic-Gly *-Bid the replacement of Dmt with Dft and Tyr retains the delta agonism but with a decrease in potency. Antagonists containing the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore do not support the exchange of Dmt with Dft or Tyr.
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Balboni G, Fiorini S, Baldisserotto A, Trapella C, Sasaki Y, Ambo A, Marczak ED, Lazarus LH, Salvadori S. Further studies on lead compounds containing the opioid pharmacophore Dmt-Tic. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5109-17. [PMID: 18680274 DOI: 10.1021/jm800587e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Some reference opioids containing the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore, especially the delta agonists H-Dmt-Tic-Gly-NH-Ph (1) and H-Dmt-Tic-NH-(S)CH(CH2-COOH)-Bid (4) (UFP-512) were evaluated for the influence of the substitution of Gly with aspartic acid, its chirality, and the importance of the -NH-Ph and N(1)H-Bid hydrogens in the inductions of delta agonism. The results provide the following conclusions: (i) Asp increases delta selectivity by lowering the mu affinity; (ii) -NH-Ph and N(1)H-Bid nitrogens methylation transforms the delta agonists into delta antagonists; (iii) the substitution of Gly with L-Asp/D-Asp in the delta agonist H-Dmt-Tic-Gly-NH-Ph gave delta antagonists; the same substitution in the delta agonist H-Dmt-Tic-NH-CH2-Bid yielded more selective agonists, H-Dmt-Tic-NH-(S)CH(CH2-COOH)-Bid and H-Dmt-Tic-NH-(R)CH(CH2-COOH)-Bid; (iv) L-Asp seems important only in functional bioactivity, not in receptor affinity; (v) H-Dmt-Tic-NH-(S)CH(CH2-COOH)-Bid(N(1)-Me) (10) evidenced analgesia similar to 4, which was reversed by naltrindole only in the tail flick. 4 and 10 had opposite behaviours in mice; 4 caused agitation, 10 gave sedation and convulsions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Balboni
- Department of Toxicology, University of Cagliari, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Keresztes A, Szűcs M, Borics A, Kövér KE, Forró E, Fülöp F, Tömböly C, Péter A, Páhi A, Fábián G, Murányi M, Tóth G. New Endomorphin Analogues Containing Alicyclic β-Amino Acids: Influence on Bioactive Conformation and Pharmacological Profile. J Med Chem 2008; 51:4270-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800223t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Keresztes
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária Szűcs
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Borics
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin E. Kövér
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Enikő Forró
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Tömböly
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Antal Péter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Annamária Páhi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Fábián
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mariann Murányi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Géza Tóth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Koda Y, Del Borgo M, Wessling ST, Lazarus LH, Okada Y, Toth I, Blanchfield JT. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a library of modified endomorphin 1 peptides. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:6286-96. [PMID: 18468445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphin 1 (Endo-1=Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH(2)), an endogenous opioid with high affinity and selectivity for mu-opioid receptors, mediates acute and neuropathic pain in rodents. To overcome metabolic instability and poor membrane permeability, the N- and C-termini of Endo-1 were modified by lipoamino acids (Laa) and/or sugars, and 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine (Dmt) replacement of Tyr. Analogues were assessed for mu-opioid receptor affinity, inhibition of cAMP accumulation, enzymatic stability, and permeability across Caco-2 cell monolayers. C-terminus modification decreased receptor affinity, while N-terminus C8-Laa improved stability and permeability with slight change in receptor affinity. Dmt provided a promising lead compound: [C8Laa-Dmt[1]]-Endo-1 is nine times more stable (t(1/2)=43.5min), >8-fold more permeable in Caco-2 cell monolayers, and exhibits 140-fold greater mu-opioid receptor affinity (K(imu)=0.08nM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Koda
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fichna J, do-Rego JC, Chung NN, Costentin J, Schiller PW, Janecka A. [Dmt1, d-1-Nal3]morphiceptin, a novel opioid peptide analog with high analgesic activity. Peptides 2008; 29:633-8. [PMID: 18234394 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2007] [Revised: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The morphiceptin-derived peptide [Dmt1, d-1-Nal3]morphiceptin, labeled mu-opioid receptor (MOP) with very high affinity and selectivity in the receptor binding assays. In the mouse hot plate test, [Dmt1, d-1-Nal3]morphiceptin given intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) produced profound supraspinal analgesia, being approximately 100-fold more potent than the endogenous MOP receptor ligand, endomorphin-2. The antinociceptive effect of this new analog lasted up to 120min. Thus, [Dmt1, d-1-Nal3]morphiceptin is an interesting and extraordinarily potent analgesic, raising the possibility of novel approaches in the design of clinically useful drugs for pain treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Fichna
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Salvadori S, Fiorini S, Trapella C, Porreca F, Davis P, Sasaki^ Y, Ambo A, Ewa DM, Lazarus LH, Balboni G. Role of benzimidazole (Bid) in the delta-opioid agonist pseudopeptide H-Dmt-Tic-NH-CH(2)-Bid (UFP-502). Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:3032-8. [PMID: 18178091 PMCID: PMC2390930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Revised: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
H-Dmt-Tic-NH-CH(2)-Bid (UFP-502) was the first delta-opioid agonist prepared from the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore. It showed interesting pharmacological properties, such as stimulation of mRNA BDNF expression and antidepression. To evaluate the importance of 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl (Bid) in the induction of delta-agonism, it was substituted by similar heterocycles: The substitution of NH(1) by O or S transforms the reference delta-agonist into delta-antagonists. Phenyl ring of benzimidazole is not important for delta-agonism; in fact 1H-imidazole-2-yl retains delta-agonist activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Severo Salvadori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stella Fiorini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Trapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Peg Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Yusuke Sasaki^
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-1, Komatsushima 4-chome, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ambo
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-1, Komatsushima 4-chome, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - D Marczak Ewa
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lawrence H. Lazarus
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Gianfranco Balboni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Toxicology, University of Cagliari, I-09124, Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ryu EK, Wu Z, Chen K, Lazarus LH, Marczak ED, Sasaki Y, Ambo A, Salvadori S, Ren C, Zhao H, Balboni G, Chen X. Synthesis of a potent and selective (18)F-labeled delta-opioid receptor antagonist derived from the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore for positron emission tomography imaging. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1817-23. [PMID: 18311909 DOI: 10.1021/jm7014765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Identification and pharmacological characterization of two new selective delta-opioid receptor antagonists, derived from the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore, of potential utility in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging are described. On the basis of its high delta selectivity, H-Dmt-Tic--Lys(Z)-OH (reference compound 1) is a useful starting point for the synthesis of (18)F-labeled compounds prepared by the coupling of N-succinimidyl 4-[ (18)F]fluorobenzoate ([(18)F]SFB) with Boc-Dmt-Tic--Lys(Z)-OH under slightly basic conditions at 37 degrees C for 15 min, deprotection with TFA, and HPLC purification. The total synthesis time was 120 min, and the decay-corrected radiochemical yield of [(18)F]- 1 was about 25-30% ( n = 5) starting from [(18)F]SFB ( n = 5) with an effective specific activity about 46 GBq/micromol. In vitro autoradiography studies showed prominent uptake of [ (18)F]- 1 in the striatum and cortex with significant blocking by 1 and UFP-501 (selective delta-opioid receptor antagonist), suggesting high specific binding of [(18)F]- 1 to delta-opioid receptors. Noninvasive microPET imaging studies revealed the absence of [(18)F]- 1 in rat brain, since it fails to cross the blood-brain barrier. This study demonstrates the suitability of [ (18)F]- 1 for imaging peripheral delta-opioid receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyoung Ryu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Salvadori S, Trapella C, Fiorini S, Negri L, Lattanzi R, Bryant SD, Jinsmaa Y, Lazarus LH, Balboni G. A new opioid designed multiple ligand derived from the micro opioid agonist endomorphin-2 and the delta opioid antagonist pharmacophore Dmt-Tic. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:6876-81. [PMID: 17851080 PMCID: PMC2084217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Opioid compounds with mixed micro agonist/delta antagonist properties could be used as analgesics with low propensity to induce tolerance and dependence. Here we report the synthesis of a new designed multiple ligand deriving from the micro selective agonist endomorphin-2 and the delta selective antagonist pharmacophore Dmt-Tic. As predicted, the resulting bivalent ligand showed a micro agonist/delta antagonist profile deriving from the corresponding activities of each pharmacophore.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Severo Salvadori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Trapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stella Fiorini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucia Negri
- Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, University La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Lattanzi
- Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, University La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sharon D. Bryant
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Yunden Jinsmaa
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lawrence H. Lazarus
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Gianfranco Balboni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Toxicology, University of Cagliari, I-09126 Cagliari, Italy
- *Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-532-291-275; fax: +39-532-291-296; e-mail address: ;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li T, Shiotani K, Miyazaki A, Tsuda Y, Ambo A, Sasaki Y, Jinsmaa Y, Marczak E, Bryant SD, Lazarus LH, Okada Y. Bifunctional [2',6'-dimethyl-L-tyrosine1]endomorphin-2 analogues substituted at position 3 with alkylated phenylalanine derivatives yield potent mixed mu-agonist/delta-antagonist and dual mu-agonist/delta-agonist opioid ligands. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2753-66. [PMID: 17497839 PMCID: PMC2669435 DOI: 10.1021/jm061238m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphin-2 (H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2) and [Dmt1]EM-2 (Dmt = 2',6'-dimethyl-l-tyrosine) analogues, containing alkylated Phe3 derivatives, 2'-monomethyl (2, 2'), 3',5'- and 2',6'-dimethyl (3, 3', and 4', respectively), 2',4',6'-trimethyl (6, 6'), 2'-ethyl-6'-methyl (7, 7'), and 2'-isopropyl-6'-methyl (8, 8') groups or Dmt (5, 5'), had the following characteristics: (i) [Xaa3]EM-2 analogues exhibited improved mu- and delta-opioid receptor affinities. The latter, however, were inconsequential (Kidelta = 491-3451 nM). (ii) [Dmt1,Xaa3]EM-2 analogues enhanced mu- and delta-opioid receptor affinities (Kimu = 0.069-0.32 nM; Kidelta = 1.83-99.8 nM) without kappa-opioid receptor interaction. (iii) There were elevated mu-bioactivity (IC50 = 0.12-14.4 nM) and abolished delta-agonism (IC50 > 10 muM in 2', 3', 4', 5', 6'), although 4' and 6' demonstrated a potent mixed mu-agonism/delta-antagonism (for 4', IC50mu = 0.12 and pA2 = 8.15; for 6', IC50mu = 0.21 nM and pA2 = 9.05) and 7' was a dual mu-agonist/delta-agonist (IC50mu = 0.17 nM; IC50delta = 0.51 nM).
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive
- Brain/metabolism
- Guinea Pigs
- In Vitro Techniques
- Ligands
- Male
- Mice
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/innervation
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Myenteric Plexus/physiology
- Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects
- Neuromuscular Junction/physiology
- Oligopeptides/chemical synthesis
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Synaptosomes/metabolism
- Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives
- Tyrosine/chemical synthesis
- Tyrosine/pharmacology
- Vas Deferens/drug effects
- Vas Deferens/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyou Li
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Shiotani
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Anna Miyazaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Yuko Tsuda
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ambo
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Yunden Jinsmaa
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, U.S.A
| | - Ewa Marczak
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, U.S.A
| | - Sharon D. Bryant
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, U.S.A
| | - Lawrence H. Lazarus
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, U.S.A
- Corresponding authors: Y. Okada: Tel: +81-78-974-1551, fax: +81-78-974-5689., E-mail: . L. H. Lazarus: Tel: +1-919-541-3238, fax: + 1-919-541-5737. E-mail:
| | - Yoshio Okada
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
- Corresponding authors: Y. Okada: Tel: +81-78-974-1551, fax: +81-78-974-5689., E-mail: . L. H. Lazarus: Tel: +1-919-541-3238, fax: + 1-919-541-5737. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yu Y, Shao X, Wang CL, Liu HM, Cui Y, Fan YZ, Liu J, Wang R. In vitro and in vivo characterization of opioid activities of endomorphins analogs with novel constrained C-terminus: evidence for the important role of proper spatial disposition of the third aromatic ring. Peptides 2007; 28:859-70. [PMID: 17276550 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2006] [Revised: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the C-terminus of endomorphin (Tyr(1)-Pro(2)-Trp/Phe(3)-Phe(4)-NH(2), EMs) analogs [Xaa(4)-R]EMs, modified by substitution of a non-aromatic residue for Phe(4) and ending up with -NH-benzyl, were designed to generate an atypical conformationally constrained peptide set. We investigated the effects of these analogs on the opioid receptors affinity, guinea pig ileum (GPI) and mouse vas deferens (MVD) activity, system arterial pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), antinociception and colonic motility. Analogs 5 ([D-V(4)-Bzl]EM1) and 10 ([D-V(4)-Bzl]EM2), which exhibit appropriate spatial orientations of the third aromatic ring, were about 3-4 times more potent than their parents both in vivo and in vitro. However, a drastic loss of activity was found in analogs 2 ([A(4)-Bzl]EM1) and 7 ([A(4)-Bzl]EM2), which possess improper spatial orientations of the third aromatic ring. Interestingly, analog 7 or 3 ([G(4)-Bzl]EM1), when injected intravenously (i.v.), produced significantly different changes in SAP from their parents. Surprisingly, analog 4 displayed relatively higher vasodepressor activity but significantly less potent colonic contractile activity than analog 5. This may be elicited by the differences in the spatial disposition of the third aromatic ring, which were verified by molecular modeling. Our results indicate that the proper spatial disposition of the third aromatic ring plays an important role in the regulation of pharmacological activities of EMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yu Y, Shao X, Cui Y, Liu HM, Wang CL, Fan YZ, Liu J, Dong SL, Cui YX, Wang R. Structure–Activity Study on the Spatial Arrangement of the Third Aromatic Ring of Endomorphins 1 and 2 Using an Atypical Constrained C Terminus. ChemMedChem 2007; 2:309-17. [PMID: 17285661 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of endomorphins (EMs) has opened the possibility of searching for new analgesics. However, the design of peptide analgesics has proven to be very difficult as a result of their conformational flexibility and a lack of clarity in structure-activity relationships (SAR). In EMs, the amino acid side chains exhibit considerable conformational flexibility, especially in the third aromatic ring, which is free to adopt a bioactive conformation. To resolve these problems, a series of C terminus EM analogues, [Xaa(4)-R]EMs, modified through the substitution of Phe(4) with nonaromatic residues and termination with benzyl groups, were designed to generate conformational constrains of the third aromatic ring by amide bond and torsion angles (phi(4) and psi(4)) of Xaa(4). Introduction of (S)-alpha-methyl or (S)/(R)-alpha-carboxamide on the methylene unit of the benzyl group was designed to produce an atypical topographical constraint (phi(5)) of the third aromatic ring rotation. Interestingly, some EM derivatives, with elimination of the C-terminal carboxamide group and significant changes in the address sequence (Phe(4)-NH(2)), still exhibited higher mu-opioid receptor (MOR) affinity than unmodified EMs. In contrast, some analogues with incorrectly constrained C termini displayed very low affinity and pharmacological activities. Thus, our results indicate that these EM analogues, with atypical constrained C termini, provide model compounds with potent MOR agonism. They also give evidence that the proper spatial orientation and conformational restriction of the third aromatic ring are crucial for the interaction of EMs with MOR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shi ZH, Wei YY, Wang CJ, Yu L. Synthesis and Analgesic Activities of Endomorphin-2 and Its Analogues. Chem Biodivers 2007; 4:458-67. [PMID: 17372948 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200790038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphin-2 (1; H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2; EM2) and its novel cyclic asparagine (cycloAsn) analogues, H-Tyr-cAsn(CHPh)-Phe-Phe-NH2 (2) and H-Tyr-cAsn(CHMe2)-Phe-Phe-NH2 (3), were synthesized via liquid-phase synthesis. The structures of the products and intermediates were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, MS, and HR-MS analyses. The antinociceptive activity of EM2 and its cyclic asparagine analogues were assessed in AcOH-induced abdominal constriction tests in mice with i.p. injection. The results show that the antinociceptive activities of EM2 and its cyclic asparagine analogue 2 were higher than those of aspirine and meperidine. Analogue 2 was observed to be a stronger analgesic with dose-dependence than EM2. The test mice did not show any tendency to be addicted while administrated of analogue 2 repeatedly and regularly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Shi
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Further studies on the effect of lysine at the C-terminus of the Dmt-Tic opioid pharmacophore. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:3143-51. [PMID: 17339114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Revised: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of activities are induced by Lys when introduced at C-terminus of the delta-opioid Dmt-Tic pharmacophore through the alpha-amine group, including: improved delta-antagonism, mu-agonism and mu-antagonism. Here we report the synthesis of a new series of compounds with the general formula H-Dmt-Tic-NH-(CH(2))(4)-CH(R)-R' (R=-NH(2), -NH-Ac, -NH-Z; R'=CO-NH-Ph, -CO-NH-CH(2)-Ph, -Bid) in which Lys is linked to Dmt-Tic through its side-chain amine group. All new compounds (1-9) displayed potent and selective delta-antagonism (MVD, pA(2)=7.81-8.27), which was independent of the functionalized alpha-amine and carboxylic groups of C-terminal Lys. This behaviour suggests a direct application as a prototype intermediate, such as Boc-Dmt-Tic-epsilon-Lys(Z)-OMe, which could be successfully applied in the synthesis (after Z or methyl ester removal) of unique designed multiple ligands containing the pharmacophore of the quintessential delta-antagonist Dmt-Tic and another opioid or biologically active non-opioid ligand.
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu H, Zhang B, Liu X, Wang C, Ni J, Wang R. Endomorphin-1 analogs with enhanced metabolic stability and systemic analgesic activity: Design, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:1694-702. [PMID: 17188879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2006] [Revised: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized four new analogs of endomorphin-1 by systematic chemical modifications. To identify the best possible drug candidates for clinical pain management and to investigate the potential contribution of these alterations to the biological activity, their pharmacological properties were determined. All of the analogs showed significantly enhanced metabolic stability. The fact that centrally mediated analgesia following peripheral administration was observed with one of the analogs suggested the approach design undertaken here had validity in the development of endomorphin-1 as a successful opioid drug for the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Balboni G, Onnis V, Congiu C, Zotti M, Sasaki Y, Ambo A, Bryant SD, Jinsmaa Y, Lazarus LH, Trapella C, Salvadori S. Effect of lysine at C-terminus of the Dmt-Tic opioid pharmacophore. J Med Chem 2006; 49:5610-7. [PMID: 16942034 PMCID: PMC2533050 DOI: 10.1021/jm060741w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Substitution of Gly with side-chain-protected or unprotected Lys in lead compounds containing the opioid pharmacophore Dmt-Tic [H-Dmt-Tic-Gly-NH-CH(2)-Ph, mu agonist/delta antagonist; H-Dmt-Tic-Gly-NH-Ph, mu agonist/delta agonist; and H-Dmt-Tic-NH-CH(2)-Bid, delta agonist (Bid = 1H-benzimidazole-2-yl)] yielded a new series of compounds endowed with distinct pharmacological activities. Compounds (1-10) included high delta- (Ki(delta) = 0.068-0.64 nM) and mu-opioid affinities (Ki(mu) = 0.13-5.50 nM), with a bioactivity that ranged from mu-opioid agonism {10, H-Dmt-Tic-NH-CH[(CH2)4-NH2]-Bid (IC50 GPI = 39.7 nM)} to a selective mu-opioid antagonist [3, H-Dmt-Tic-Lys-NH-CH2-Ph (pA2(mu) = 7.96)] and a selective delta-opioid antagonist [5, H-Dmt-Tic-Lys(Ac)-NH-Ph (pA2(delta) = 12.0)]. The presence of a Lys linker provides new lead compounds in the formation of opioid peptidomimetics containing the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore with distinct agonist and/or antagonist properties.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Dipeptides/chemical synthesis
- Dipeptides/chemistry
- Dipeptides/pharmacology
- Electric Stimulation
- Guinea Pigs
- Ileum/drug effects
- Ileum/physiology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Ligands
- Male
- Mice
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tetrahydroisoquinolines/chemical synthesis
- Tetrahydroisoquinolines/chemistry
- Tetrahydroisoquinolines/pharmacology
- Vas Deferens/drug effects
- Vas Deferens/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Balboni
- Department of Toxicology, University of Cagliari, I-09124, Cagliari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gao Y, Liu X, Liu W, Qi Y, Liu X, Zhou Y, Wang R. Opioid receptor binding and antinociceptive activity of the analogues of endomorphin-2 and morphiceptin with phenylalanine mimics in the position 3 or 4. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3688-92. [PMID: 16682191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 04/06/2006] [Accepted: 04/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphin-2 (EM-2) and morphiceptin are the same class of putative mu-opioid receptor ligands. To investigate the effectiveness of phenylglycine (Phg, L or D) and homophenylalanine (Hfe) as the surrogates of phenylalanine in the position 3 and/or 4 of them, a series of their analogues were synthesized. Opioid receptor binding affinities were determined. Two analogues, [Hfe3]EM-2 and [Phg4] (EM-2/morphiceptin), showed different but potent antinociceptive activity in mouse hot-plate test, the results combined with their half-lives of degradation by mouse brain homogenate could also present some evidence to the in vivo degradative mechanism of EM-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sasaki Y, Kawano S, Kohara H, Watanabe H, Ambo A. ORL1 and opioid receptor preferences of nociceptin and dynorphin A analogues with Dmp substituted for N-terminal aromatic residues. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:2433-7. [PMID: 16321540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2005] [Revised: 11/10/2005] [Accepted: 11/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptin (NOC) and dynorphin A (DYN) analogues containing 2',6'-dimethylphenylalanine (Dmp) in place of Phe or Tyr in position 1 and/or 4 were synthesized and their metabolic stability and receptor-binding properties were investigated. [Dmp1]NOC(1-13)-NH2 (1) possessed high ORL1 receptor affinity comparable to that of the parent peptide with substantially improved affinities for kappa-, mu-, and delta-opioid receptors. However, Dmp4 substitution of NOC peptide (2) reduced ORL1 receptor affinity. [Dmp1]DYN(1-13)-NH2 (4) and its Dmp4 analogue (5) possessed a 3-fold greater kappa-opioid receptor affinity and improved kappa-receptor selectivity compared to the parent peptide. Analogue 4 however exhibited an unexpectedly low in vitro bioactivity (GPI assay), suggesting, the phenolic hydroxyl group at the N-terminal residue in DYN peptide is extremely important for activation of the kappa-opioid receptor. Analogue 5 possessed an improved kappa-opioid receptor selectivity with an IC50 ratio of 1(kappa)/509(mu)/211598(delta); thus, this peptide may serve as a highly selective kappa-receptor agonist for pharmacological study. Dmp1 substitution in both the NOC and DYN peptides improved metabolic stability toward these peptides, while Dmp4 substitution provided no additional metabolic stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sasaki
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li T, Tsuda Y, Minoura K, In Y, Ishida T, Lazarus LH, Okada Y. Enantioselective Synthesis of a Phenylalanine Library Containing Alkyl Groups on the Aromatic Moiety: Confirmation of Stereostructure by X-Ray Analysis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:873-7. [PMID: 16755061 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Six phenylalanine analogues containing 2'-methyl-, 2',6'-dimethyl-, 2'-ethyl-6'-methyl-, 2'-isopropyl-6'-methyl-, 2',4',6'-trimethyl-, and 3',5'-dimethyl-L-phenylalanine were synthesized enantioselectively through asymmetric hydrogenation of acetamidoacrylate derivatives. Enzymatic digestion and X-ray analysis supported the L-configuration of the phenylalanine derivatives obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyou Li
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li T, Fujita Y, Shiotani K, Miyazaki A, Tsuda Y, Ambo A, Sasaki Y, Jinsmaa Y, Marczak E, Bryant SD, Salvadori S, Lazarus LH, Okada Y. Potent Dmt-Tic Pharmacophoric δ- and μ-Opioid Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2005; 48:8035-44. [PMID: 16335927 DOI: 10.1021/jm050377l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of dimeric Dmt-Tic (2',6'-dimethyl-L-tyrosyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid) analogues (8-14, 18-22) were covalently linked through diaminoalkane and symmetric or asymmetric 3,6-diaminoalkyl-2(1H)-pyrazinone moieties. All the compounds exhibited high affinity for both delta-opioid receptors [Ki(delta) = 0.06-1.53 nM] and mu-opioid receptors [Ki(mu) = 1.37-5.72 nM], resulting in moderate delta-receptor selectivity [Ki(mu)/Ki(delta) = 3-46]. Regardless of the type of linker between the Dmt-Tic pharmacophores, delta-opioid-mediated antagonism was extraordinarily high in all analogues (pA2 = 10.42-11.28), while in vitro agonism (MVD and GPI bioassays) was essentially absent (ca. 3 to >10 microM). While an unmodified N-terminus (9, 13, 18) revealed weak mu-opioid antagonism (pA2 = 6.78-6.99), N,N'-dimethylation (21, 22), which negatively impacts on mu-opioid-associated agonism (Balboni et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2003, 11, 5435-5441), markedly enhanced mu-opioid antagonism (pA2 = 8.34 and 7.71 for 21 and 22, respectively) without affecting delta-opioid activity. These data are the first evidence that a single dimeric opioid ligand containing the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore exhibits highly potent delta- and mu-opioid antagonist activities.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive
- Brain/metabolism
- Diamines/chemical synthesis
- Diamines/chemistry
- Diamines/pharmacology
- Dipeptides/chemical synthesis
- Dipeptides/chemistry
- Dipeptides/pharmacology
- Guinea Pigs
- Ileum/drug effects
- Ileum/physiology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Ligands
- Male
- Mice
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Peptides/chemical synthesis
- Peptides/chemistry
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Pyrazines/chemical synthesis
- Pyrazines/chemistry
- Pyrazines/pharmacology
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tetrahydroisoquinolines/chemical synthesis
- Tetrahydroisoquinolines/chemistry
- Tetrahydroisoquinolines/pharmacology
- Vas Deferens/drug effects
- Vas Deferens/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyou Li
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li T, Shiotani K, Miyazaki A, Fujita Y, Tsuda Y, Ambo A, Sasaki Y, Jinsmaa Y, Marczak E, Bryant SD, Lazarus LH, Okada Y. New series of potent delta-opioid antagonists containing the H-Dmt-Tic-NH-hexyl-NH-R motif. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:5517-20. [PMID: 16183273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2005] [Revised: 08/20/2005] [Accepted: 08/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heterodimeric compounds H-Dmt-Tic-NH-hexyl-NH-R (R=Dmt, Tic, and Phe) exhibited high affinity to delta- (K(i)delta=0.13-0.89nM) and mu-opioid receptors (K(i)mu=0.38-2.81nM) with extraordinary potent delta antagonism (pA(2)=10.2-10.4). These compounds represent the prototype for a new class of structural homologues lacking mu-opioid receptor-associated agonism (IC(50)=1.6-5.8muM) based on the framework of bis-[H-Dmt-NH]-alkyl (Okada, Y.; Tsuda, Y.; Fujita, Y.; Yokoi, T.; Sasaki, Y.; Ambo, A.; Konishi, R.; Nagata, M.; Salvadori, S.; Jinsmaa, Y.; Bryant, S. D.; Lazarus, L. H. J. Med. Chem.2003, 46, 3201), which exhibited both high mu affinity and bioactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyou Li
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wei J, Shao X, Gong M, Zhu B, Cui Y, Gao Y, Wang R. Structure–activity relationships of novel endomorphin-2 analogues with N–O turns induced by α-aminoxy acids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:2986-9. [PMID: 15984054 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphin-2 (H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2, EM-2) is a putative endogenous mu-opioid receptor ligand. To study the structure-activity relationship against its receptor, we introduced N-O turns into EM-2 and got the analogues with potent affinities for mu-opioid receptor. Our results indicated that N-O turn structures at the Pro2-aminoxy-Phe3 position of EM-2 analogues played important roles for their affinities. These novel analogues with N-O turns provided a new approach to develop potent analgesics related to EM-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gao Y, Liu X, Wei J, Zhu B, Chen Q, Wang R. Structure–activity relationship of the novel bivalent and C-terminal modified analogues of endomorphin-2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:1847-50. [PMID: 15780619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2005] [Revised: 02/05/2005] [Accepted: 02/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphin-2 (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH(2)) is a putative endogenous mu-opioid receptor ligand. To develop potent analgesics with less side effects related to it, we used the methods of dimerization and C-terminal modification. Through dimerization we got the 'balanced agonists' with potent analgesic activity and we have developed the structure-activity relationship between the selectivity and the distance of the two tyrosine pharmacophores. Modification at the C-terminal increased the selectivity of endomorphin-2 to mu-opioid receptor with binding affinity conserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li T, Fujita Y, Tsuda Y, Miyazaki A, Ambo A, Sasaki Y, Jinsmaa Y, Bryant SD, Lazarus LH, Okada Y. Development of Potent μ-Opioid Receptor Ligands Using Unique Tyrosine Analogues of Endomorphin-2. J Med Chem 2005; 48:586-92. [PMID: 15658871 DOI: 10.1021/jm049384k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Six analogues of tyrosine, which contained alkyl groups at positions 2', 3', and 6', either singly or in combination on the tyramine ring, were investigated for their effect on the opioid activity of [Xaa(1)]endomorphin-2 (EM-2). The opioid analogues displayed the following characteristics: (i) high mu-opioid receptor affinity [K(i)(mu) = 0.063-2.29 nM] with selectivity [K(i)(delta)/K(i)(mu)] ranging from 46 to 5347; (ii) potent functional mu-opioid agonism [GPI assay (IC(50) = 0.623-0.924 nM)] and with a correlation between delta-opioid receptor affinities and functional bioactivity using MVD; (iii) intracerebroventricular administration of [Dmt(1)]- (14) and [Det(1)]EM-2 (10) produced a dose-response antinociception in mice, with the former analogue more active than the latter; and (iv) a marked shift occurred from the trans-orientation at the Tyr(1)-Pro(2) bond to a cis-conformer compared to that observed previously with [Dmt(1)]EM-2 (14) (Okada et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2003, 11, 1983-1984) except [Mmt(1)]EM-2 (7). The active profile of the [Xaa(1)]EM-2 analogues indicated that significant modifications on the tyramine ring are possible while high biological activity is maintained.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemical synthesis
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemistry
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive
- Brain/metabolism
- Guinea Pigs
- Ileum/drug effects
- Ileum/innervation
- Ileum/physiology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Ligands
- Male
- Mice
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/innervation
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Oligopeptides/chemical synthesis
- Oligopeptides/chemistry
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Stereoisomerism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives
- Tyrosine/chemical synthesis
- Tyrosine/chemistry
- Tyrosine/pharmacology
- Vas Deferens/drug effects
- Vas Deferens/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyou Li
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and High Technology Research Center, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sasaki Y, Sasaki A, Ariizumi T, Igari Y, Sato K, Kohara H, Niizuma H, Ambo A. 2',6'-Dimethylphenylalanine (Dmp) Can Mimic the N-Terminal Tyr in Opioid Peptides. Biol Pharm Bull 2004; 27:244-7. [PMID: 14758045 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.27.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Substitution of 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine (Dmt) for the N-terminal Tyr in opioid peptides has recently been shown to be a promising tool for improving opioid receptor affinity and biological activity. We have also demonstrated that another unnatural amino acid, 2',6'-dimethylphenylalanine (Dmp), is not only an excellent substitute for Phe at position 3 but also can mimic the aromatic N-terminal Tyr residue in a micro opioid receptor-selective dermorphin analogue (YRFB: Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-betaAla-NH(2)). To further evaluate the value of Dmp in opioid peptides, we investigated Dmp(1)-substituted analogues of the delta receptor ligands, deltorphin II (DLT: Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Glu-Val-Val-Gly-NH(2)) and enkephalin (ENK: Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu). In the receptor binding assay, both [Dmp(1)]DLT and [Dmp(1)]ENK bound to the delta-receptor with high affinity and selectivity, and were nearly as effective as the parent peptides. The potency of the Dmp(1)-peptides on the MVD and GPI assays correlated well with the receptor binding affinity data. These results are in contrast to the tendency of corresponding Dmt(1)-analogues to have poor receptor selectivity. Taken together with the results with YRFB, we conclude that the Dmp(1)-peptide is superior to the corresponding Dmt(1)-peptide in its receptor selectivity. [Dmp(1)]DLT and [Dmp(1)]YRFB may serve as pharmacological tools for the studies of ligand recognition and opioid receptor signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sasaki
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Takahata H, Ouchi H, Kumagai M, Sakurada S. Asymmetric Synthesis of All Six Regioisomers of N-Boc-dimethyl-phenylalanines. HETEROCYCLES 2004. [DOI: 10.3987/com-04-s(p)41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|