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Yao S, Zhang W, Xiao J, Zhang Z, Wang L, Ai H, Wu X, Chen A, Zhuang X. Simultaneous determination of HD56, a novel prodrug, and its active metabolite in cynomolgus monkey plasma using LC-MS/MS for elucidating its pharmacokinetic profile. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1235:124045. [PMID: 38367406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
An LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of the carboxylic acid ester precursor HD56 and the active product HD561 in cynomolgus monkey plasma. Then, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of both compounds following single and multiple i.g. administrations in cynomolgus monkeys were elucidated. In the method, chromatographic separation was achieved with a C18 reversed-phase column and the target quantification was carried out by an electrospray ionization (ESI) source coupled with triple quadrupole mess detector in positive ionization mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) approach. Using the quantification method, the in vitro stability of HD56 in plasma and HD56 pharmacokinetic behavior after i.g. administration in cynomolgus monkey were investigated. It was approved that HD56 did convert into HD561 post-administration. The overall systemic exposure of HD561 post-conversion from HD56 accounted for only about 17% of HD56. After repeated administration at the same dose, there was no significant difference in exposure levels of both HD56 and HD561. However, after multiple dosing, the exposure of HD56 tended to decrease while that of HD561 tended to increase, resulting in a 30% in the exposure ratio. Remarkably, with a carboxylesterase (CES) activity profile akin to humans, the observed in vivo pharmacokinetic profile in cynomolgus monkeys holds promise for predicting HD56/HD561 PK profiles in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yao
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang 050018 China; State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Junhai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lingchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hengxiao Ai
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang 050018 China; State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Aibing Chen
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang 050018 China.
| | - Xiaomei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
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2
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Kashif Khan R, Meanwell NA, Hager HH. Pseudoprolines as stereoelectronically tunable proline isosteres. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 75:128983. [PMID: 36096342 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic structure of proline (Pro) confers unique conformational properties on this natural amino acid that influences polypeptide structure and function. Pseudoprolines are a family of Pro isosteres that incorporate a heteroatom, most prominently oxygen or sulfur but also silicon and selenium, to replace the Cβ or Cγ carbon atom of the pyrrolidine ring. These readily synthetically accessible structural motifs can facilitate facile molecular editing in a fashion that allows modulation of the amide bond topology of dipeptide elements and influence over ring pucker. While the properties of pseudoprolines have been exploited most prominently in the design of oligopeptide analogues, they have potential application in the design and optimization of small molecules. In this Digest, we summarize the physicochemical properties of pseudoprolines and illustrate their potential in drug discovery by surveying examples of applications in the design of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kashif Khan
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA.
| | - Harry H Hager
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, 200 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
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3
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Wang J, Wang D, Tong X. Synthesis of trisubstituted hydrazine via MnO 2-promoted oxidative coupling of N, N-disubstituted hydrazine and boronic ester. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5762-5766. [PMID: 34126632 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00929j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A MnO2-promoted oxidative coupling process between N,N-disubstituted hydrazine and boronic ester is reported. A 1,1-diazene species is firstly generated upon oxidation of a hydrazine substrate in the presence of MnO2 which then interacts with boronic ester to form the key intermediate boron-ate complex, followed by migration from boron to nitrogen to form a new C-N bond. This new finding provides mild, scalable, and operationally straightforward access to trisubstituted hydrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Danfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Tong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
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4
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Chingle R, Mulumba M, Chung NN, Nguyen TMD, Ong H, Ballet S, Schiller PW, Lubell WD. Solid-Phase Azopeptide Diels–Alder Chemistry for Aza-pipecolyl Residue Synthesis To Study Peptide Conformation. J Org Chem 2019; 84:6006-6016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nga N. Chung
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Thi M.-D. Nguyen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | | | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter W. Schiller
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
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5
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Vellemäe E, Lebedev O, Sillard R, Mäeorg U. A selective method for cleavage of N-Troc-protected hydrazines and amines under mild conditions using mischmetal and TMSCl. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/030823406779173280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Troc (2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl) protecting group was efficiently removed under neutral conditions from corresponding protected hydrazines and amines using mischmetal in good to excellent yields. Two new substituted hydrazines were synthesised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eerold Vellemäe
- Institute of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Tartu, Jakobi 2, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Oleg Lebedev
- Institute of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Tartu, Jakobi 2, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rannar Sillard
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171-77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Uno Mäeorg
- Institute of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Tartu, Jakobi 2, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
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6
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Samzadeh-Kermani A. Synthesis of benzyl hydrazine derivatives via amination of benzylic C(sp3)–H bonds with dialkyl azodicarboxylates. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04880g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Copper(i)/Phen catalysed functionalization of benzylic C–H bonds with dialkyl azodicarboxylates.
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7
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Wu X, Liu B, Zhang Y, Jeret M, Wang H, Zheng P, Yang S, Song BA, Chi YR. Enantioselective Nucleophilic β-Carbon-Atom Amination of Enals: Carbene-Catalyzed Formal [3+2] Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wu
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry; School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Bin Liu
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Guizhou University; Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Yuexia Zhang
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry; School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Martin Jeret
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry; School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Honglin Wang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Guizhou University; Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Pengcheng Zheng
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Guizhou University; Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Song Yang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Guizhou University; Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Bao-An Song
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Guizhou University; Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry; School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371 Singapore
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Guizhou University; Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
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8
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Wu X, Liu B, Zhang Y, Jeret M, Wang H, Zheng P, Yang S, Song BA, Chi YR. Enantioselective Nucleophilic β-Carbon-Atom Amination of Enals: Carbene-Catalyzed Formal [3+2] Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12280-4. [PMID: 27596365 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective β-carbon amination for enals is disclosed. The nitrogen atom from a protected hydrazine with suitable electronic properties readily behaves as a nucleophile. Addition of the nitrogen nucleophile to a catalytically generated N-heterocyclic-carbene-bound α,β-unsaturated acyl azolium intermediate constructs a new carbon-nitrogen bond asymmetrically. The pyrazolidinone products from our catalytic reactions are common scaffolds in bioactive molecules, and can be easily transformed into useful compounds such as β(3) -amino-acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wu
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Bin Liu
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yuexia Zhang
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Martin Jeret
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Honglin Wang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Pengcheng Zheng
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Song Yang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Bao-An Song
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore. .,Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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9
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Vertesaljai P, Lebedyeva IO, Oliferenko AA, Qi X, Fu J, Ostrov DA, Asiri AM, Dennis Hall C, Katritzky A. Mimicking a proline tripeptide with pyrazolidines and a cyclopentane linker. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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11
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Davis LO. Recent Developments in the Synthesis and Applications of Pyrazolidines. A Review. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2013.834769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Freitas MB, Simollardes KA, Rufo CM, McLellan CN, Dugas GJ, Lupien LE, Davie EAC. Bidirectional synthesis of montamine analogs. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Fernández M, Reyes E, Vicario JL, Badía D, Carrillo L. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrazolidines, Pyrazolines and Pyrazolidinones. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Hutchison JM, Gibson AS, Williams DT, McIntosh MC. Synthesis of the C21-C34 fragment of antascomicin B. Tetrahedron Lett 2011; 52:6349-6351. [PMID: 22199407 PMCID: PMC3244276 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The C21-C34 fragment of the potent FKBP12-binding macrolide antascomicin B was prepared using Ireland-Claisen and allylic diazene rearrangements to establish the C26/C27 and the C23 stereocenters, respectively. Directed hydrogenation installed the C29 β-configuration. The fragment possesses 7 of the 11 fixed stereocenters contained in the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew S. Gibson
- University of Arkansas, 119 Chemistry Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - David T. Williams
- University of Arkansas, 119 Chemistry Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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15
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Bizzarri M, Marsili S, Procacci P. Intraligand Hydrophobic Interactions Rationalize Drug Affinities for Peptidyl−Prolyl Cis−Trans Isomerase Protein. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:6193-201. [DOI: 10.1021/jp110585p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bizzarri
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Simone Marsili
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Piero Procacci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Dinamiche Complesse (CSDC), Via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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16
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Freeman NS, Tal-Gan Y, Klein S, Levitzki A, Gilon C. Microwave-Assisted Solid-Phase Aza-peptide Synthesis: Aza Scan of a PKB/Akt Inhibitor Using Aza-arginine and Aza-proline Precursors. J Org Chem 2011; 76:3078-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102422x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noam S. Freeman
- Institute of Chemistry, and ‡Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yftah Tal-Gan
- Institute of Chemistry, and ‡Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shoshana Klein
- Institute of Chemistry, and ‡Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander Levitzki
- Institute of Chemistry, and ‡Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chaim Gilon
- Institute of Chemistry, and ‡Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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17
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Muehlebach M, Boeger M, Cederbaum F, Cornes D, Friedmann AA, Glock J, Niderman T, Stoller A, Wagner T. Aryldiones incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring. Part I: Discovery of the novel cereal herbicide pinoxaden. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:4241-56. [PMID: 19167895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of the new class of 3-hydroxy-4-phenyl-5-oxo-pyrazolines were optimized towards both herbicidal activity on key annual grass weed species and selectivity in small grain cereal crops. The generic structure can be separated into three parts for the analysis of the structure-activity relationships, namely the aryl, the dione with its prodrug forms and the hydrazine moiety. Each area appears to play distinct and different roles in overall expression of biological performance which is further beneficially influenced by adjuvant response and safener action. Pinoxaden 6, a novel graminicide for use in wheat and barley incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring, eventually emerged as a development candidate from the discovery and optimization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Muehlebach
- Syngenta Crop Protection Münchwilen AG, Schaffhauserstrasse, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland.
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18
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Suzuki I, Hirata A, Takeda K. Development of Cyclic Hydrazine and Hydrazide Type Organocatalyst ⎯ Mechanistic Aspects of Cyclic Hydrazine/Hydrazide-Catalyzed Diels-Αlder Reactions. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-s(d)54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Giampietro NC, Wolfe JP. Stereoselective synthesis of cis- or trans-3,5-disubstituted pyrazolidines via Pd-catalyzed carboamination reactions: use of allylic strain to control product stereochemistry through N-substituent manipulation. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:12907-11. [PMID: 18774811 DOI: 10.1021/ja8050487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of either trans- or cis-3,5-disubstituted pyrazolidines is accomplished via Pd-catalyzed carboamination reactions of unsaturated hydrazine derivatives. The products are obtained in good yield with up to >20:1 diastereoselectivity. Stereocontrol is achieved by modulating the degree of allylic strain in the transition state for syn-aminopalladation through a simple modification of the substrate N(2)-substituent. The pyrazolidine products can be further transformed to 3,5-disubstituted pyrazolines via deprotection/oxidation, or to substituted 1,3-diamines via N-N bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Giampietro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
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20
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de los Santos JM, López Y, Aparicio D, Palacios F. A Convenient Synthesis of Substituted Pyrazolidines and Azaproline Derivatives through Highly Regio- and Diastereoselective Reduction of 2-Pyrazolines. J Org Chem 2007; 73:550-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702050t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M. de los Santos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 450, 01080 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Yago López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 450, 01080 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Domitila Aparicio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 450, 01080 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Francisco Palacios
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 450, 01080 Vitoria, Spain
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21
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Kang YK, Byun BJ. Conformational Preferences and cis−trans Isomerization of Azaproline Residue. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:5377-85. [PMID: 17439267 DOI: 10.1021/jp067826t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The conformational study of N-acetyl-N'-methylamide of azaproline (Ac-azPro-NHMe, the azPro dipeptide) is carried out using ab initio HF and density functional methods with the self-consistent reaction field method to explore the effects of the replacement of the backbone CHalpha group by the nitrogen atom on the conformational preferences and prolyl cis-trans isomerization in the gas phase and in solution (chloroform and water). The incorporation of the Nalpha atom into the prolyl ring results in the different puckering, backbone population, and barriers to prolyl cis-trans isomerization from those of Ac-Pro-NHMe (the Pro dipeptide). In particular, the azPro dipeptide has a dominant backbone conformation D (beta2) with the cis peptide bond preceding the azPro residue in both the gas phase and solution. This may be ascribed to the favorable electrostatic interaction or intramolecular hydrogen bond between the prolyl nitrogen and the amide hydrogen following the azPro residue and to the absence of the unfavorable interactions between electron lone pairs of the acetyl carbonyl oxygen and the prolyl Nalpha. This calculated higher population of the cis peptide bond is consistent with the results from X-ray and NMR experiments. As the solvent polarity increases, the conformations B and B* with the trans peptide bond become more populated and the cis population decreases more, which is opposite to the results for the Pro dipeptide. The conformation B lies between conformations D and A (alpha) and conformation B* is a mirror image of the conformation B on the phi-psi map. The barriers to prolyl cis-trans isomerization for the azPro dipeptide increase with the increase of solvent polarity, and the cis-trans isomerization proceeds through only the clockwise rotation with omega' approximately +120 degrees about the prolyl peptide bond for the azPro dipeptide in the gas phase and in solution, as seen for the Pro dipeptide. The pertinent distance d(N...H-NNHMe) and the pyramidality of imide nitrogen can describe the role of this hydrogen bond in stabilizing the transition state structure and the lower rotational barriers for the azPro dipeptide than those for the Pro dipeptide in the gas phase and in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kee Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
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22
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Bredihhin A, Groth UM, Mäeorg U. Efficient Methodology for Selective Alkylation of Hydrazine Derivatives. Org Lett 2007; 9:1097-9. [PMID: 17309274 DOI: 10.1021/ol070026w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Formation and use of a nitrogen dianion for selective hydrazine alkylation is reported. The scope and limitations of a new method were demonstrated. The novel method provides fast and easy access to substituted hydrazines, which are widely used as drugs, pesticides, and precursors for a variety of compounds in organic synthesis. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Bredihhin
- Institute of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Tartu, Jakobi 2, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
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Rasmussen LK. Facile Synthesis of Mono-, Di-, and Trisubstituted Alpha-Unbranched Hydrazines. J Org Chem 2006; 71:3627-9. [PMID: 16626153 DOI: 10.1021/jo0525783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methods for the alkylation of di-tert-butyl hydrazine-1,2-dicarboxylate were investigated. It was found that under mild conditions mono- or di-substituted hydrazine derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yield. Furthermore, it was shown that one of the two Boc-groups of the disubstituted derivatives was selectively removed by heating, leading to precursors for trisubstituted hydrazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars K Rasmussen
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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