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Ghimire L, Waller E. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Biodosimetry with Human Teeth: A Crucial Technique for Acute and Chronic Exposure Assessment. HEALTH PHYSICS 2024; 126:322-338. [PMID: 38526251 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Radiation exposure is a primary concern in emergency response scenarios and long-term health assessments. Accurate quantification of radiation doses is critical for informed decision-making and patient care. This paper reviews the dose reconstruction technique using both X- and Q-bands, with tooth enamel as a reliable dosimeter. Tooth enamel, due to its exceptional resistance to alteration over time, offers a unique opportunity for assessing both acute and chronic radiation exposures. This review delves into the principles underlying enamel dosimetry, the mechanism of radiation interactions, and dose retention in tooth enamel. We explore state-of-the-art analytical methods, such as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, that accurately estimate low and high doses in acute and chronic exposure. Furthermore, we discuss the applicability of tooth enamel dosimetry in various scenarios, ranging from historical radiological incidents to recent nuclear events or radiological incidents. The ability to reconstruct radiation doses from dental enamel provides a valuable tool for epidemiological studies, validating the assessment of health risks associated with chronic exposures and aiding in the early detection and management of acute radiation incidents. This paper underscores the significance of tooth enamel as an essential medium for radiation dose reconstruction and its broader implications for enhancing radiation protection, emergency response, and public health preparedness. Incorporating enamel EPR dosimetry into standard protocols has the potential to transform the field of radiation assessment, ensuring more accurate and timely evaluations of radiation exposure and its associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekhnath Ghimire
- Department of Energy and Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada, or email at
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Shishkina EA, Volchkova AY, Ivanov DV, Fattibene P, Wieser A, Krivoschapov VA, Degteva MO, Napier BA. APPLICATION OF EPR TOOTH DOSIMETRY FOR VALIDATION OF THE CALCULATED EXTERNAL DOSES: EXPERIENCE IN DOSIMETRY FOR THE TECHA RIVER COHORT. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 186:70-77. [PMID: 30561681 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study applies EPR tooth dosimetry for validation of external doses calculated with the TRDS-2016. EPR-based external dose in tooth enamel is calculated by subtraction of the contributions of natural and anthropogenic sources from the exposure of interest. These subtracted terms may contribute substantially to the overall uncertainty of the EPR-derived external dose. The validation method strongly depends on the uncertainties. The current study combines the results of a number of previous papers to propagate the uncertainty of EPR-derived external doses. It is concluded that the overall uncertainties of D ≥ 500 mGy are comparable with measurement uncertainties (≤30%); the overall uncertainties of D < 500 mGy become higher as the EPR-dose decreases because they are strongly effected by all other factors of influence. More than 70% of investigated individuals were exposed externally to doses <100 mGy with uncertainties >100%. Therefore, the validation task can be solved only based on statistical approaches. The validation of the TRDS-2016 predictions demonstrates good convergence of group-averages with EPR-based doses. The method for validation of the uncertainty of TRDS-2016 predictions should be also designed based on statistical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Shishkina
- Biophys Lab, Urals Research Centre for Radiation Medicine (URCRM), 68-A Vorovsky Street, Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Department of Radiobiology, Chelyabinsk State University (ChelSU), 129, Bratiev Kashirinih Street, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - A Yu Volchkova
- Biophys Lab, Urals Research Centre for Radiation Medicine (URCRM), 68-A Vorovsky Street, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - D V Ivanov
- Department of Nanospintronics, M. N. Miheev Institute of Metal Physics (IMP), Urals Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 18, S. Kovalevskaya Str., Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University (UrFU), 19, Mira str., Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - P Fattibene
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Core Facilities, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - A Wieser
- Institute of Radiation Protection, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - V A Krivoschapov
- Biophys Lab, Urals Research Centre for Radiation Medicine (URCRM), 68-A Vorovsky Street, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - M O Degteva
- Biophys Lab, Urals Research Centre for Radiation Medicine (URCRM), 68-A Vorovsky Street, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - B A Napier
- Energy and Environment Department, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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Ivannikov AI, Khailov AM, Orlenko SP, Skvortsov VG, Stepanenko VF, Zhumadilov KS, Williams BB, Flood AB, Swartz HM. Determination of the Average Native Background and the Light-Induced EPR Signals and their Variation in the Teeth Enamel Based on Large-Scale Survey of the Population. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 172:265-274. [PMID: 27412516 PMCID: PMC5225970 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to determine the average intensity and variation of the native background signal amplitude (NSA) and of the solar light-induced signal amplitude (LSA) in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of tooth enamel for different kinds of teeth and different groups of people. These values are necessary for determination of the intensity of the radiation-induced signal amplitude (RSA) by subtraction of the expected NSA and LSA from the total signal amplitude measured in L-band for in vivo EPR dosimetry. Variation of these signals should be taken into account when estimating the uncertainty of the estimated RSA. A new analysis of several hundred EPR spectra that were measured earlier at X-band in a large-scale examination of the population of the Central Russia was performed. Based on this analysis, the average values and the variation (standard deviation, SD) of the amplitude of the NSA for the teeth from different positions, as well as LSA in outer enamel of the front teeth for different population groups, were determined. To convert data acquired at X-band to values corresponding to the conditions of measurement at L-band, the experimental dependencies of the intensities of the RSA, LSA and NSA on the m.w. power, measured at both X and L-band, were analysed. For the two central upper incisors, which are mainly used in in vivo dosimetry, the mean LSA annual rate induced only in the outer side enamel and its variation were obtained as 10 ± 2 (SD = 8) mGy y-1, the same for X- and L-bands (results are presented as the mean ± error of mean). Mean NSA in enamel and its variation for the upper incisors was calculated at 2.0 ± 0.2 (SD = 0.5) Gy, relative to the calibrated RSA dose-response to gamma radiation measured under non-power saturation conditions at X-band. Assuming the same value for L-band under non-power saturating conditions, then for in vivo measurements at L-band at 25 mW (power saturation conditions), a mean NSA and its variation correspond to 4.0 ± 0.4 (SD = 1.0) Gy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Artem M Khailov
- A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Obninsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ann B Flood
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, New Hampshire, USA
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Bailiff I, Sholom S, McKeever S. Retrospective and emergency dosimetry in response to radiological incidents and nuclear mass-casualty events: A review. RADIAT MEAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Khvostunov IK, Ivannikov AI, Skvortsov VG, Nugis VY, Golub EV. Review of the correlation between results of cytogenetic dosimetry from blood lymphocytes and EPR dosimetry from tooth enamel for victims of radiation accidents. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2015; 163:399-408. [PMID: 24982260 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncu203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to compare dose estimates from electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry with teeth and cytogenetic dosimetry with blood lymphocytes for 30 victims of radiation accidents. The whole-body exposures estimated by tooth enamel EPR dosimetry were ranging from 0.01 to 9.3 Gy. Study group comprised victims exposed to acute and prolonged irradiation at high and low dose rate in different accidents. Blood samples were taken from each of them for cytogenetic analysis. Aberrations were scored and analysed according to International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) guidelines for conventional and FISH analysis. Tooth samples were collected in dental clinics after they had been extracted during ordinary practice. EPR dosimetry was performed according to the IAEA protocol. EPR dosimetry showed good correlation with dosimetry based on chromosomal analysis. All estimations of cytogenetic dose below detection limit coincide with EPR dose estimates within the ranges of uncertainty. The differences between cytogenetic and EPR assays may occur in a case of previous unaccounted exposure, non-homogeneous irradiation and due to contribution to absorbed dose from neutron irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Khvostunov
- Medical Radiological Research Center, Koroliova str. 4, Obninsk, Kaluga Region 249036, Russia
| | - A I Ivannikov
- Medical Radiological Research Center, Koroliova str. 4, Obninsk, Kaluga Region 249036, Russia
| | - V G Skvortsov
- Medical Radiological Research Center, Koroliova str. 4, Obninsk, Kaluga Region 249036, Russia
| | - V Yu Nugis
- Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the Russian Federal Medical Biological Agency, Zhivopisnaya str. 46, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - E V Golub
- Medical Radiological Research Center, Koroliova str. 4, Obninsk, Kaluga Region 249036, Russia
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Swartz HM, Flood AB, Williams BB, Dong R, Swarts SG, He X, Grinberg O, Sidabras J, Demidenko E, Gui J, Gladstone DJ, Jarvis LA, Kmiec MM, Kobayashi K, Lesniewski PN, Marsh SDP, Matthews TP, Nicolalde RJ, Pennington PM, Raynolds T, Salikhov I, Wilcox DE, Zaki BI. Electron paramagnetic resonance dosimetry for a large-scale radiation incident. HEALTH PHYSICS 2012; 103:255-67. [PMID: 22850230 PMCID: PMC3649772 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e3182588d92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
With possibilities for radiation terrorism and intensified concerns about nuclear accidents since the recent Fukushima Daiichi event, the potential exposure of large numbers of individuals to radiation that could lead to acute clinical effects has become a major concern. For the medical community to cope with such an event and avoid overwhelming the medical care system, it is essential to identify not only individuals who have received clinically significant exposures and need medical intervention but also those who do not need treatment. The ability of electron paramagnetic resonance to measure radiation-induced paramagnetic species, which persist in certain tissues (e.g., teeth, fingernails, toenails, bone, and hair), has led to this technique becoming a prominent method for screening significantly exposed individuals. Although the technical requirements needed to develop this method for effective application in a radiation event are daunting, remarkable progress has been made. In collaboration with General Electric and through funding committed by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, electron paramagnetic resonance tooth dosimetry of the upper incisors is being developed to become a Food and Drug Administration-approved and manufacturable device designed to carry out triage for a threshold dose of 2 Gy. Significant progress has also been made in the development of electron paramagnetic resonance nail dosimetry based on measurements of nails in situ under point-of-care conditions, and in the near future this may become a second field-ready technique. Based on recent progress in measurements of nail clippings, it is anticipated that this technique may be implementable at remotely located laboratories to provide additional information when the measurements of dose on-site need to be supplemented. The authors conclude that electron paramagnetic resonance dosimetry is likely to be a useful part of triage for a large-scale radiation incident.
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Rodzi M, Zhumadilov K, Ohtaki M, Ivannikov A, Bhattacharjee D, Fukumura A, Hoshi M. Estimation of background radiation doses for the Peninsular Malaysia's population by ESR dosimetry of tooth enamel. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2011; 50:451-458. [PMID: 21404066 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-011-0358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Background radiation dose is used in dosimetry for estimating occupational doses of radiation workers or determining radiation dose of an individual following accidental exposure. In the present study, the absorbed dose and the background radiation level are determined using the electron spin resonance (ESR) method on tooth samples. The effect of using different tooth surfaces and teeth exposed with single medical X-rays on the absorbed dose are also evaluated. A total of 48 molars of position 6-8 were collected from 13 district hospitals in Peninsular Malaysia. Thirty-six teeth had not been exposed to any excessive radiation, and 12 teeth had been directly exposed to a single X-ray dose during medical treatment prior to extraction. There was no significant effect of tooth surfaces and exposure with single X-rays on the measured absorbed dose of an individual. The mean measured absorbed dose of the population is 34 ± 6.2 mGy, with an average tooth enamel age of 39 years. From the slope of a regression line, the estimated annual background dose for Peninsular Malaysia is 0.6 ± 0.3 mGy y(-1). This value is slightly lower than the yearly background dose for Malaysia, and the radiation background dose is established by ESR tooth measurements on samples from India and Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Rodzi
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami Ku., Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
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Fattibene P, Callens F. EPR dosimetry with tooth enamel: A review. Appl Radiat Isot 2010; 68:2033-116. [PMID: 20599388 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
When tooth enamel is exposed to ionizing radiation, radicals are formed, which can be detected using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques. EPR dosimetry using tooth enamel is based on the (presumed) correlation between the intensity or amplitude of some of the radiation-induced signals with the dose absorbed in the enamel. In the present paper a critical review is given of this widely applied dosimetric method. The first part of the paper is fairly fundamental and deals with the main properties of tooth enamel and some of its model systems (e.g., synthetic apatites). Considerable attention is also paid to the numerous radiation-induced and native EPR signals and the radicals responsible for them. The relevant methods for EPR detection, identification and spectrum analyzing are reviewed from a general point of view. Finally, the needs for solid-state modelling and studies of the linearity of the dose response are investigated. The second part is devoted to the practical implementation of EPR dosimetry using enamel. It concerns specific problems of preparation of samples, their irradiation and spectrum acquisition. It also describes how the dosimetric signal intensity and dose can be retrieved from the EPR spectra. Special attention is paid to the energy dependence of the EPR response and to sources of uncertainties. Results of and problems encountered in international intercomparisons and epidemiological studies are also dealt with. In the final section the future of EPR dosimetry with tooth enamel is analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fattibene
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Technology and Health, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy.
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El-Faramawy N. Investigation of some parameters influencing the sensitivity of human tooth enamel to gamma radiation using electron paramagnetic resonance. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2008; 49:305-312. [PMID: 18360099 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.07120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has been successfully used as a physical technique for gamma radiation dose reconstruction using calcified tissues. To minimize potential discrepancies between EPR readings in future studies, the effects of cavity response factor, tooth position and donor gender on the estimated gamma radiation dose were studied. It was found that the EPR response per sample mass used for assessment of doses in teeth outside of the 70-100 mg range should be corrected by a factor which is a function of the sample mass. In the EPR measurements, the difference in sensitivity of different tooth positions to gamma-radiation was taken into consideration. It was determined that among all the pre-molars and molars tooth positions, the relative standard deviation of sensitivity was 6.5%, with the wisdom teeth and the first molars having the highest and lowest sensitivity to gamma-radiation, respectively. The current results reveal no effect of the donor gender on the sensitivity to gamma-radiation.
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Borysheva N, Ivannikov A, Tikunov D, Orlenko S, Skvortsov V, Stepanenko V, Hoshi M. Taking into account absorbed doses in tooth enamel due to internal irradiation of human body by radioactive cesium isotopes at analysis EPR dosimetry data: Calculation by Monte-Carlo method. RADIAT MEAS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tooth enamel EPR dosimetry of neutrons: Enhancement of the apparent sensitivity at irradiation in the human head phantom. RADIAT MEAS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Vorona IP, Baran NP, Ishchenko SS, Rudko VV. Separation of the contributions from γ- and UV-radiation to the EPR spectra of tooth enamel plates. Appl Radiat Isot 2007; 65:553-6. [PMID: 17258465 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2006.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Revised: 11/24/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Anisotropy of EPR spectra of tooth enamel plates irradiated with gamma-rays and UV light has been studied. UV-irradiated enamel plates exhibit a stronger anisotropy than gamma-irradiated plates. Investigation of samples cut out of different teeth and irradiated to different doses showed that the value of anisotropy is characteristic of each type of irradiation; it equals to approximately 0.35 for gamma- rays and 0.50 for UV light. It is suggested that the difference in the anisotropy values can be attributed to different relative amounts of oriented and disordered radicals produced by the two types of radiation. This can be used for separating gamma- and UV-contributions to the total EPR signal of a tooth exposed to both types of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Vorona
- Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45, Pr. Nauky, Kiev 03028, Ukraine.
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Abstract
Currently, EPR measurements are based on the assumption that odontogenesis (the series of events between the bud formation stage until the complete maturation of the tooth) is finished as soon as the tooth erupts. Consequently, it is also assumed that the hydroxyapatite concentration of the enamel (source of free radicals) does not depend on tooth age. However, the present work provides evidence that odontogenesis does not end after tooth eruption but continues for several years after eruption. Fifty-nine molars and pre-molars were analyzed by EPR spectroscopy. Tooth enamel samples were irradiated with different doses of gamma radiation from a 60Co source. The resulting EPR signals were evaluated in terms of posteruption tooth age and tooth position. It was found that, except for wisdom teeth, the concentration of the dosimetric EPR free radicals increased with tooth age after eruption and became constant after a certain period. A mathematical equation was developed to describe this effect as a function of tooth age, tooth position and applied dose. The results suggest that EPR measurements obtained on young teeth should be interpreted carefully unless data are available that would allow one to describe the effect of posteruptive enamel maturation on the EPR estimated dose quantitatively. Little or no correction is needed for older teeth. Since only a limited number of young teeth were available for the present study, further studies are needed to clarify the situation and quantify this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A El-Faramawy
- Radiobiological Institute, University of Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
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Nakamura N, Cullings HM, Kodama Y, Wada T, Miyazawa C, Lee K, Awa AA. A method to differentiate between the levels of ESR signals induced by sunlight and by ionizing radiation in teeth from atomic bomb survivors. Radiat Res 2006; 165:359-64. [PMID: 16494525 DOI: 10.1667/rr3512.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Electron spin resonance (ESR, or electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR) analysis of tooth enamel is an effective method for the retrospective estimation of individual radiation doses. One problem with this technique is that the observed ESR signal may include a contribution from ultraviolet (UV) light exposure from sunlight, especially in front teeth. Thus there has been a need to find ways to estimate the UV-light effect in the total signal so that the net ESR dose from ionizing radiation can be determined. To examine this issue, we measured 96 teeth of various types, but with buccal and lingual parts measured separately, from a control group of atomic bomb survivors (estimated dose <5 mGy). We found that, except for molars, the mean ESR-estimated dose for the buccal halves was, on average, nearly twice that from the lingual side, which indicates that the UV-light-induced lingual dose equals the difference between the two halves. Using these corrections for UV-light exposure to front teeth that had been exposed to both ionizing radiation and UV light, it was found that the estimated radiation doses closely approximated the previously estimated ESR dose to molars from the same donors or the estimated dose arrived at with cytogenetic methods. We concluded that, when using ESR to estimate radiation dose, measuring molars is the first choice, but if only front teeth are available, separate measurements to the buccal and lingual parts can provide an estimation of the mean UV-light contribution to the ESR-determined dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nakamura
- Department of Genetics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan.
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Skvortsov V, Ivannikov A, Tikunov D, Stepanenko V, Borysheva N, Orlenko S, Nalapko M, Hoshi M. Considerations regarding the implementation of EPR dosimetry for the population in the vicinity of Semipalatinsk nuclear test site based on experience from other radiation accidents. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2006; 47 Suppl A:A61-9. [PMID: 16571946 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.47.a61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
General aspects of applying the method of retrospective dose estimation by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of human tooth enamel (EPR dosimetry) to the population residing in the vicinity of the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site are analyzed and summarized. The analysis is based on the results obtained during 20 years of investigations conducted in the Medical Radiological Research Center regarding the development and practical application of this method for wide-scale dosimetrical investigation of populations exposed to radiation after the Chernobyl accident and other radiation accidents.
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Romanyukha A, Schauer DA, Malikov YK. Analysis of current assessments and perspectives of ESR tooth dosimetry for radiation dose reconstruction of the population residing near the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2006; 47 Suppl A:A55-60. [PMID: 16571945 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.47.a55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Between 1949 and 1989 the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site (SNTS), an area of 19,000 square km in northeastern Kazakhstan, was the location of over 400 nuclear test explosions with a total explosive energy of 6.6 Mt TNT (trinitrotoluene or trotyl) equivalent. It is estimated that the bulk of the radiation exposure to the population resulted from three tests, conducted in 1949, 1951, and 1953 although estimations of radiation doses received by the local population have varied significantly. Analysis of the published ESR dose reconstruction results for residents of the villages near the SNTS show that they do not correlate well with other methods of dose assessment (e.g. model dose calculation and thermo luminescence dosimetry (TLD) in bricks). The most significant difference in dose estimations was found for the population of Dolon, which was exposed as result of the first Soviet nuclear test in 1949. Published results of ESR measurements in tooth enamel are considerably lower than other dose estimations. Detailed analysis of these results is provided and a possible explanation for this discrepancy and ways to eliminate it are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Romanyukha
- Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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Romanyukha AA, Schauer DA, Thomas JA, Regulla DF. Parameters affecting EPR dose reconstruction in teeth. Appl Radiat Isot 2005; 62:147-54. [PMID: 15607441 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyze the lower limit of detection (LLD), linearity of dose response, variation of radiation sensitivity between different tooth enamel samples, and time/temperature stability of EPR biodosimetry in tooth enamel. The theoretical LLD is shown to be 0.46 mGy, which is far lower than the measured value of about 30 mGy. The main issues to lowering LLD are the differentiation of the radiation-induced component against the total EPR spectrum and the complex nature of the dose dependence of the EPR signal. The following questions are also discussed in detail: need for exfoliated or extracted teeth from persons of interest, accounting for background radiation contribution; conversion of tooth enamel absorbed dose to effective dose; accounting for internal exposure specifically from bone-seeking radionuclides. Conclusions on future development of EPR retrospective biodosimetry are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Romanyukha
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, USA
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Vorona I, Ishchenko S, Baran N. The effect of thermal treatment on radiation-induced EPR signals in tooth enamel. RADIAT MEAS 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2004.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Degteva MO, Anspaugh LR, Akleyev AV, Jacob P, Ivanov DV, Wieser A, Vorobiova MI, Shishkina EA, Shved VA, Vozilova A, Bayankin SN, Napier BA. Electron paramagnetic resonance and fluorescence in situ hybridization-based investigations of individual doses for persons living at Metlino in the upper reaches of the Techa River. HEALTH PHYSICS 2005; 88:139-153. [PMID: 15650589 DOI: 10.1097/01.hp.0000146612.69488.9c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne releases to the Techa River from the Mayak Production Association in Russia during 1949-1956 resulted in significant doses to persons living downstream; the most contaminated village was Metlino, about 7 km from the site of release. Internal and external doses have been estimated for these residents using the Techa River Dosimetry System-2000 (TRDS-2000); the primary purpose is to support epidemiological studies of the members of the Extended Techa River Cohort. Efforts to validate the calculations of external and internal dose are considered essential. One validation study of the TRDS-2000 system has been performed by the comparison of calculated doses to quartz from bricks in old buildings at Metlino with those measured by luminescence dosimetry. Two additional methods of validation considered here are electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements of teeth and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) measurements of chromosome translocations in circulating lymphocytes. For electron paramagnetic resonance, 36 measurements on 26 teeth from 16 donors from Metlino were made at the GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health (16 measurements) and the Institute of Metal Physics (20 measurements); the correlation among measurements made at the two laboratories has been found to be 0.99. Background measurements were also made on 218 teeth (63 molars, 128 premolars, and 27 incisors). Fluorescence in situ hybridization measurements were made for 31 residents of Metlino. These measurements were handicapped by the analysis of a limited number of cells; for several individuals no stable translocations were observed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization measurements were also made for 39 individuals believed to be unexposed. The EPR- and FISH-based estimates agreed well for permanent residents of Metlino: 0.67 +/- 0.21 Gy and 0.48 +/- 0.18 Gy (mean +/- standard error of the mean), respectively. Results of the two experimental methods also agreed well with the estimates derived from the use of the TRDS-2000. For all persons investigated according to each technique, the EPR-measured dose to enamel was 0.55 +/- 0.17 Gy, and the TRDS-2000 prediction for the dose to enamel for these individuals is 0.55 +/- 0.07 Gy. The fluorescence in situ hybridization-based dose, 0.38 +/- 0.10 Gy, compared well to the TRDS-2000 prediction of external dose, 0.31 +/- 0.03 Gy, to red bone marrow for these persons. Validation of external doses at the remaining villages is an active area of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina O Degteva
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 454076 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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El-Faramawy NA. Estimation of radiation levels by EPR measurement of tooth enamel in Indian populations. Appl Radiat Isot 2005; 62:207-11. [PMID: 15607450 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Enamel from 34 molars from 22 individuals in the general population are used to evaluate the background radiation in six cities in India. The estimation of the background dose for each tooth is evaluated using two EPR methods: the calibration-curve method and the additive-dose method. The variation of the estimated EPR dose with tooth position is investigated by using eight teeth taken from the same person. Contribution of the dental X-ray treatments to the enamel-absorbed dose was evaluated using another 17 teeth exposed from 1 to 10 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A El-Faramawy
- GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute for Radiation Protection, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Ivannikov AI, Gaillard-Lecanu E, Trompier F, Stepanenko VF, Skvortsov VG, Borysheva NB, Tikunov DD, Petin DV. Dose reconstruction by EPR spectroscopy of tooth enamel: application to the population of Zaborie village exposed to high radioactive contamination after the Chernobyl accident. HEALTH PHYSICS 2004; 86:121-134. [PMID: 14744045 DOI: 10.1097/00004032-200402000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Individual irradiation doses were determined by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of the tooth enamel of the inhabitants of Zaborie, the most contaminated inhabited settlement not evacuated after the Chernobyl accident. Dose determination was performed using a specially developed automatic spectrum processing procedure. Spectrum processing was carried out in different operating modes, and average results were taken in order to reduce the contribution of uncertainty in dose determination caused by spectrum processing. The absorbed doses determined in enamel were corrected to take into account the contribution of natural background radiation and to determine the individual excess dose due to radioactive contamination of the territory. Individual excess doses are compared to calculated individualized doses to teeth, estimated using the local radioactive contamination levels, dose rates, and information concerning individual behavior. The individual excess doses measured by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and the calculated individualized doses are fully independent. Mean square variation between results of two methods was found to be 34 mGy, which is consistent with error estimation for both methods. This result can validate both the methodology of signal processing presented here when using electron paramagnetic resonance dosimetry of tooth enamel for low doses and the methodology of individualized dose calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Ivannikov
- Medical Radiological Research Center (MRRC), Korolyov str., 4, Obninsk. 249036, Russia.
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Ivannikov AI, Zhumadilov Z, Gusev BI, Miyazawa C, Jiao L, Skvortsov VG, Stepanenko VF, Takada J, Hoshi M. Individual dose reconstruction among residents living in the vicinity of the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site using EPR spectroscopy of tooth enamel. HEALTH PHYSICS 2002; 83:183-196. [PMID: 12132707 DOI: 10.1097/00004032-200208000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Individual accumulated doses were determined by EPR spectroscopy of tooth enamel for 26 adult persons residing in territories adjacent to the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS). The absorbed dose values due to radiation from nuclear tests were obtained after subtracting the contribution of natural background radiation from the total accumulated dose. The determined dose values ranged up to 250 mGy, except for one person from Semipalatinsk city with a measured dose of 2.8 +/- 0.4 Gy. Increased dose values were determined for the individuals whose teeth were formed before 1962, the end of the atmospheric nuclear tests. These values were found to be significantly larger than those obtained for a group of younger residents of heavily exposed territories and the residents of territories not exposed to radioactive fallout. These increased dose values are consistent with those based on officially registered data for the Northeastern part of Kazakstan adjacent to SNTS, which was exposed to high levels of radioactive fallout from nuclear tests in period 1949-1962.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Ivannikov
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan.
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Ivannikov AI, Skvortsov VG, Stepanenko VF, Tikunov DD, Takada J, Hoshi M. EPR tooth enamel dosimetry: optimization of the automated spectra deconvolution routine. HEALTH PHYSICS 2001; 81:124-137. [PMID: 11480871 DOI: 10.1097/00004032-200108000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A computer routine was developed for automatic deconvolution of electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of tooth enamel samples for individual radiation dose reconstruction in the low dose region. The deconvolution routine uses the non-linear least square fit of a model simulating a tooth enamel spectrum by superposition of derivative Gaussian functions to obtain the amplitude of the dosimetric radiation induced signal. The parameters of the model and of the routine were optimized on a dose response level using a criterion of the least standard deviation of the derived radiation induced signal amplitude from the regression line vs. the nominal doses for the series of spectra of samples irradiated in known doses in the range 0-500 mGy. It was found that for the series of spectra of the heterogeneous samples (every sample is prepared from different teeth of different persons), it is essential to vary in the least square fit the parameters describing the shape of the native background signal in order to obtain the best accuracy. In the case of the series of spectra of the homogeneous (pooled) samples, almost the same accuracy of the results was obtained using the procedures with varied and fixed background signal parameters. The standard error of the dose reconstruction by the optimized deconvolution procedure was estimated as about 30 mGy for heterogeneous samples and 20 mGy for homogeneous samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Ivannikov
- Medical Radiological Research Center, Obninsk, Russia.
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Abstract
ESR spectroscopy represents a tool for quantitative radiation analysis that was developed somehow simultaneously for dating purposes in Japan and in Germany for high-level standardization, in the mid-seventies. Meanwhile, ESR dosimetry has reached an established metrology level. Present research fields of ESR dosimetry consider post-accident dose reconstruction in the environment, and biophysical dosimetry using human tissues. The latter promises a re-definition of radiation risk for chronicle exposure to be derived from individuals of the early nuclear facilities in Russia, and hopefully United States in the future. An attempt is made to sketch development and potential future of the ESR technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Regulla
- GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Skvortsov VG, Ivannikov AI, Stepanenko VF, Tsyb AF, Khamidova LG, Kondrashov AE, Tikunov DD. Application of EPR retrospective dosimetry for large-scale accidental situation. Appl Radiat Isot 2000; 52:1275-82. [PMID: 10836442 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(00)00083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Above 3000 tooth enamel samples, collected at population of radioactive contaminated territories after Chernobyl accident, the Chernobyl liquidators, the retired military of high radiation risk and the population of control radiation free territories were investigated by EPR spectroscopy method in order to obtain accumulated individual exposure doses. Results of EPR spectra measurements are stored in data bank; enamel samples are also stored in order to provide the possibility to repeat the measurements in future. Statistical analysis of results has allowed to detect the contribution into EPR signal in tooth enamel due to the action of the natural background radiation, and the radioactive contamination of territory. In general, the average doses of external exposure of the population obtained with EPR spectroscopy of teeth enamel are consistent with results based on other methods of direct and retrospective dosimetry. Essential exceeding of the individual doses above the average level within the population groups was observed for some persons. That gave the possibility to detect the individuals with overexposure, which were included into groups for medical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Skvortsov
- Medical Radiological Research Centre of RAMS, Obninsk, Russia
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