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Zhao X, Liu X, Zhang Z, Ren W, Lin C, He M, Ouyang W. Mechanochemical remediation of contaminated soil: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174117. [PMID: 38908592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Mechanochemical techniques have been garnering growing attention in remediation of contaminated soil. This paper summarizes the performance, mechanism, influential factors, and environmental impacts of mechanochemical remediation (MCR) for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) contaminated soil and heavy metal(loid) s (HMs) contaminated soil. Firstly, in contrast to other technologies, MCR can achieve desirable treatment of POPs, HMs, and co-contaminated soil, especially with high-concentration pollutants. Secondly, POPs undergo mineralization via interaction with mechanically activated substances, where aromatic and aliphatic pollutants in soil may go through varied degradation routes; inorganic pollutants can be firmly combined with soil particles by fragmentation and agglomeration induced by mechanical power, during which additives may enhance the combination but their contact with anionic metal(loid)s may be partially suppressed. Thirdly, the effect of MCR primarily hinges on types of milling systems, the accumulation of mechanical energy, and the use of reagents, which is basically regulated through operating parameters: rotation speed, ball-to-powder ratio, reagent-to-soil ratio, milling time, and soil treatment capacity; minerals like clay, metal oxides, and sand in soil itself are feasible reagents for remediation, and alien additives play a crucial role in synergist and detoxification; additionally, various physicochemical properties of soil might influence the mechanochemical effect to varying degrees, yet the key influential performance and mechanism remain unclear and require further investigation. Concerning the assessment of soil after treatment, attention needs to be paid to soil properties, toxicity of POPs' intermediates and leaching HMs, and long-term appraisement, particularly with the introduction of aggressive additives into the system. Finally, proposals for current issues and forthcoming advancements in this domain are enumerated in items. This review provides valuable insight into mechanochemical approaches for performing more effective and eco-friendly remediation on contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xitao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhenguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenbo Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunye Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mengchang He
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
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Ren Y, Wang G, Bai X, Su Y, Zhang Z, Han J. Research progress on remediation of organochlorine pesticide contamination in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:25. [PMID: 38225511 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Deteriorated soil pollution has grown into a worldwide environmental concern over the years. Organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues, featured with ubiquity, persistence and refractoriness, are one of the main pollution sources, causing soil degradation, fertility decline and nutritional imbalance, and severely impacting soil ecology. Furthermore, residual OCPs in soil may enter the human body along with food chain accumulation and pose a serious health threat. To date, many remediation technologies including physicochemical and biological ways for organochlorine pollution have been developed at home and abroad, but none of them is a panacea suitable for all occasions. Rational selection and scientific decision-making are grounded in in-depth knowledge of various restoration techniques. However, soil pollution treatment often encounters the interference of multiple factors (climate, soil properties, cost, restoration efficiency, etc.) in complex environments, and there is still a lack of systematic summary and comparative analysis of different soil OCP removal methods. Thus, to better guide the remediation of contaminated soil, this review summarized the most commonly used strategies for OCP removal, evaluated their merits and limitations and discussed the application scenarios of different methods. It will facilitate the development of efficient, inexpensive and environmentally friendly soil remediation strategies for sustainable agricultural and ecological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ren
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuanjiao Bai
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuying Su
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianping Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Wang Y, Cui W, Duan Z, Qin L, Zhang H, Cheng H, Wang L. Investigation of microplastic pollution on paddy fields in Xiangtan City, Southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:81300-81307. [PMID: 35732889 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have become a hot issue of environmental pollution. However, insufficient evidence exists regarding the distributions and fates of MPs in terrestrial environment, especially in farmlands. The distributions of MPs in paddy fields were investigated in Xiangtan City, a typical rice production area in China. The abundance of MPs in paddy seedling raising fields was 3805 ± 511 n·kg-1, which increased by approximately 9 times than that in common paddy fields. Transparent films became the dominant forms due to the huge usage of mulching films, corresponding to that the proportion of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) increased to 17% there. Moreover, an industrial plant nearby also contributed considerably to the MP pollution; the proportion of PVC (33%) in the paddy fields nearby increased to approximately 4 times of common paddy fields, while polyvinyl alcohol (PVA; 13%) used as an important chemical raw material to synthesis in various applications was uniquely detected there. These results highlight the input of MPs from agricultural and industrial activities in farmlands. Their contributions to the MP pollution in farmlands should be continuously investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui West Rode, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Wenjie Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui West Rode, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Zhenghua Duan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui West Rode, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Li Qin
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Haihong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui West Rode, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Haodong Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui West Rode, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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García-Pérez J, Lope V, Fernández de Larrea-Baz N, Molina AJ, Tardón A, Alguacil J, Pérez-Gómez B, Moreno V, Guevara M, Castaño-Vinyals G, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, Gómez-Acebo I, Molina-Barceló A, Martín V, Kogevinas M, Pollán M, Aragonés N. Risk of gastric cancer in the environs of industrial facilities in the MCC-Spain study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 278:116854. [PMID: 33714062 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the fifth most frequent tumor worldwide. In Spain, it presents a large geographic variability in incidence, suggesting a possible role of environmental factors in its etiology. Therefore, epidemiologic research focused on environmental exposures is necessary. OBJECTIVES To assess the association between risk of gastric cancer (by histological type and tumor site) and residential proximity to industrial installations, according to categories of industrial groups and specific pollutants released, in the context of a population-based multicase-control study of incident cancer conducted in Spain (MCC-Spain). METHODS In this study, 2664 controls and 137 gastric cancer cases from 9 provinces, frequency matched by province of residence, age, and sex were included. Distances from the individuals' residences to the 106 industries located in the study areas were computed. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for categories of distance (from 1 km to 3 km) to industries, adjusting for matching variables and potential confounders. RESULTS Overall, no excess risk of gastric cancer was observed in people living close to the industrial installations, with ORs ranging from 0.73 (at ≤2.5 km) to 0.93 (at ≤1.5 km). However, by industrial sector, excess risks (OR; 95%CI) were found near organic chemical industry (3.51; 1.42-8.69 at ≤2 km), inorganic chemical industry (3.33; 1.12-9.85 at ≤2 km), food/beverage sector (2.48; 1.12-5.50 at ≤2 km), and surface treatment using organic solvents (3.59; 1.40-9.22 at ≤3 km). By specific pollutant, a statistically significant excess risk (OR; 95%CI) was found near (≤3 km) industries releasing nonylphenol (6.43; 2.30-17.97) and antimony (4.82; 1.94-12.01). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest no association between risk of gastric cancer and living in the proximity to the industrial facilities as a whole. However, a few associations were detected near some industrial sectors and installations releasing specific pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Pérez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Virginia Lope
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Nerea Fernández de Larrea-Baz
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Antonio J Molina
- The Research Group in Gene - Environment and Health Interactions (GIIGAS)/Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, Campus Universitario de Vegazana, 24071, León, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de León, Campus Universitario de Vegazana, 24071, León, Spain.
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Facultad de Medicina, Campus de El Cristo B, 33006, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma S/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Juan Alguacil
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Salud y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Huelva, Campus Universitario de El Carmen, 21071, Huelva, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Víctor Moreno
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospital Duran I Reynals, Avinguda de La Gran Via de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Avinguda de La Gran Via de L'Hospitalet 199, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Carrer de Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Calle Leyre, 15, 31003, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Calle Leyre 15, 31003, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- ISGlobal, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Campus Del Mar, Carrer Del Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Carrer Del Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - José J Jiménez-Moleón
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Av. de La Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Doctor Azpitarte 4 4(a) Planta, Edificio Licinio de La Fuente, 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Inés Gómez-Acebo
- Universidad de Cantabria - IDIVAL, Avenida Cardenal Herrera Oria S/n, 39011, Santander, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Ana Molina-Barceló
- Cancer and Public Health Area, FISABIO - Public Health, Avda. de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Vicente Martín
- The Research Group in Gene - Environment and Health Interactions (GIIGAS)/Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, Campus Universitario de Vegazana, 24071, León, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de León, Campus Universitario de Vegazana, 24071, León, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Campus Del Mar, Carrer Del Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Carrer Del Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Marina Pollán
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- Epidemiology Section, Public Health Division, Department of Health of Madrid, C/San Martín de Porres, 6, 28035, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
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Avellán-Llaguno RD, Liu X, Dong S, Huang Q. Occurrence and toxicity of perfluoroalkyl acids along the estuarine and coastal regions under varied environmental factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144584. [PMID: 33477046 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the significant economic and ecological value, the increasing pollution threat to estuarine and coastal regions is of great concern. Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are emerging pollutants which possess adverse ecological risk. In this review, we have compiled the data on the levels of PFAAs in environmental samples, mainly in estuarine and coastal zones. A worldwide map was generated to show the distribution of PFAAs. The experimental results have also been considered, which, together with those of environmental samples, has allowed us to infer about the factors that intervene in the behavior of PFAAs. The presence of PFAAs is determined primarily by the source of pollution. Salinity is as well shown as a significant condition, dependent too on the sampling environment. The analysis of PFAAs from environmental samples constitutes a fundamental tool for the surveillance of these pollutants, but the lack of homogeneity of protocols for sampling, as well as for the results presentation, limits the comparative capacity. Laboratory studies are also an essential tool in the analysis of particular aspects related to PFAAs, but many times the conditions tested are not environmentally significant. In this way, it would not be prudent to establish "paradigms" about the behavior of the PFAAs in certain areas or organisms, instead to suggest the points that can be considered fundamental for each issue addressed. The main variables that appear to intervene in estuarine and coastal regions are mainly the proximity to the source of pollution, salinity, pH, precipitation (rain) as well as types of PFAAs. All these can synergistically lead to different impacts on the ecosystem. Therefore, the particular risks of PFAAs in estuarine and coastal regions is a set of multiple variables, dependent on each sampling condition and according to the previously named parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo David Avellán-Llaguno
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Sijun Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Qiansheng Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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Khatatbeh M, Alzoubi K, Khabour O, Al-Delaimy W. Adverse Health Impacts of Living Near an Oil Refinery in Jordan. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2020; 14:1178630220985794. [PMID: 33488089 PMCID: PMC7768879 DOI: 10.1177/1178630220985794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Air pollution can adversely affect the health of communities and manifest as a variety of symptoms. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at assessing health symptoms among populations living near an oil refinery in Jordan. METHODS A cross-sectional survey study was conducted utilizing convenient random sampling at Al-Hashimeya town (where the refinery is located) and Bal'ma town (about 12 km further away from refinery). A total of 486 participants were recruited for the study. The data were checked, coded, and entered to excel sheet and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 20 for further analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify associated factors. Variables having a P ⩽ 0.25 were fitted to multivariate logistic regression so as to assess the presence and strength of associations between socio-demographic characteristics and health symptoms and outcomes. A P value < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. RESULTS In the cross tabulation analysis, there were significant differences in the reported respiratory health problems and history of abortions in the family between residents in the 2 towns (P < 0.05). Only 4.7% of Al-Hashimeya residents were extremely enjoying their town compared to 32.9% among Bal'ma residents (P < 0.001). In addition, residents of Al-Hashimeya were at several folds higher risk to have phlegm and about 3 times more likely to have skin problems compared to participants from Bal'ma (P < 0.001). Furthermore, reporting asthma was substantially higher among Al-Hashimeya residents (odds ratio [OR] = 5.20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.11-12.84), and they were more likely to perceive the neighboring oil refinery industry as the leading cause of their health problems than Bal'ma residents (OR = 86.40; 95%CI: 45.95-162.44). CONCLUSION Residents living close to the oil refinery industry in Jordan report adverse impacts on their health, including respiratory problems, skin diseases, and perception of poor health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moawiah Khatatbeh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Wael Al-Delaimy
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Chen Y, Zhang F, Zhang J, Zhou M, Li F, Liu X. Accumulation characteristics and potential risk of PAHs in vegetable system grow in home garden under straw burning condition in Jilin, Northeast China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 162:647-654. [PMID: 30056930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation characteristics and potential risk posed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils and vegetables grown in the home garden and agricultural field were investigated in this research. The average concentrations of 16 PAHs in soils and vegetables in the home garden were 508.9 ng/g and 197.3 ng/g, respectively, and in agricultural fields were 589.9 ng/g and 171.3 ng/g, respectively. The 16 PAHs concentrations of vegetables in the home garden were a little higher than in agricultural field. The most abundant PAHs in soils and vegetables was Phe, followed by Fla and Pyr in our study area. The concentrations of low-molecular-weight PAHs (L-PAHs) were higher in vegetables as compared to higher molecular weight 4-6 ring PAHs (H-PAHs). The results of plant concentration factor (PCF) indicated that L-PAHs have greater mobility in our research. Based on the results of PAH ratios, the main sources of the PAHs in soils were determined to be the combustion of biomass, coal, and petroleum. The total values of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for males and females induced by soils and vegetables in home garden and agricultural field were all about 10-7 and 10-10. All the ILCRs value were lower than the baseline value, indicated that the carcinogenic risk for the soils and vegetables contaminated with PAHs in our study area for the residents was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Chen
- Institute of Natural Disaster Research, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Natural Disaster Research, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- Institute of Natural Disaster Research, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Mo Zhou
- Institute of Natural Disaster Research, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Fengxu Li
- Institute of Natural Disaster Research, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xingpeng Liu
- Institute of Natural Disaster Research, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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Satpathy R. Quantitative Structure-Activity Modelling of Toxic Compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70166-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhang J, Wu J, Liu Y. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban green spaces of Beijing: concentration, spatial distribution and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:511. [PMID: 27502522 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive investigation of the levels, spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban green space soils of Beijing, China, was conducted, and the potential human health risks associated with the levels observed were addressed. The objective of this study was to determine concentration, spatial distribution, and health risk of 15 PAHs in 121 surface soil (0-5 cm) samples collected from four types of green space, such as park green space (PGS), roadside green space (RDS), residential green space (RGS), and attached green space (AGS). Results showed that the highest concentrations of 15 PAHs was in soils of RDS, followed by RGS, PGS, and AGS. The level of PAHs pollution was seriously and mainly distributed in the central and southwest of the city. Incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) associated with exposures to PAHs in soil was calculated separately for children and adults under normal and extreme conditions. The results showed that ILCRs for urban green space soil of Beijing were low under normal conditions. But individual samples are seriously polluted, and its potential health risks cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding , National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture , Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 East Qinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianzhi Wu
- Beijing Institute of Landscape Architecture, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding , National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture , Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 East Qinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Chen RZ, Wong MH. Integrated wetlands for food production. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 148:429-442. [PMID: 27131797 PMCID: PMC7094668 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of compound pelleted feeds and chemical fertilizers in modern food production contribute to a vast amount of residual nutrients into the production system and adjacent ecosystem are major factors causing eutrophication. Furthermore, the extensive development and application of chemical compounds (such as chemical pesticides, disinfectants and hormones used in enhancing productivity) in food production process are hazardous to the ecosystems, as well as human health. These unsustainable food production patterns cannot sustain human living in the long run. Wetlands are perceived as self-decontamination ecosystems with high productivities. This review gives an overview about wetlands which are being integrated with food production processes, focusing on aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Zhuangrui Chen
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Ming-Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, PR China; Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University- Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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11
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El-Saeid MH, Al-Turki AM, Nadeem MEA, Hassanin AS, Al-Wabel MI. Photolysis degradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on surface sandy soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:9603-16. [PMID: 25586619 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are potent environmental pollutants, and some of them have been identified as carcinogenic and mutagenic. To advance the knowledge of the environmental fate of PAHs, we systematically investigated the influence of different UV wavelengths irradiation on photolysis of PAHs on sandy soil under tow wavelengths (254 and 306 nm) UV irradiation for six PAHs. In addition, kinetic model and influence of several parameters on PAHs photolysis have been studied. The results obtained indicated that UV radiation with a wavelength of 306 nm was more efficient in the photolysis of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Our results showed that fluoranthene (Flt) was the fastest in decomposition, has the greatest value for the coefficient of photolysis (7.4 × 10(-3) h(-1)), and has less half-life, reaching 94 h when using a wavelength of 254 nm. The results indicated that the pyrene (Pyr) was more resistant to photolysis in comparison with indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene (IP) and fluoranthene (Flt). The results indicate that photolysis is a successful way to remediate the six studied PAHs compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H El-Saeid
- Soil Sciences Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,
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12
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Al-Wahaibi A, Zeka A. Health impacts from living near a major industrial park in Oman. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:524. [PMID: 26032629 PMCID: PMC4450448 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oman is heading towards heavy industrialisation with rapid establishment of new industrial parks. One of these, the Sohar Industrial Zone (SIZ) started to operate in 2006 and includes many industries that potentially affect local air quality and the health status of its surrounding residents. The study aim was to assess the health effects in a population of ≥20 years old, living in the residential area around the SIZ. Methods Area-specific health care visits data for acute respiratory diseases (ARD), asthma, conjunctivitis and dermatitis were obtained for the period between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2010. Exposure was defined as distance from the SIZ to determine high, intermediate, and control exposure zones (≤5, >5–10, and ≥20 km from the SIZ respectively). Generalized additive models were used to model age and gender adjusted monthly health events for the selected diseases, adjusted for age and gender-specific population smoking prevalence. The high and intermediate exposure zones were later combined in the models because of their similarity of effects. Exposure effect modification by age, gender and socio-economic status (SES) were examined. Results Living within the high and intermediate exposure zones was associated with a greater risk ratio for ARD (RR: 2.02; 95 % CI: 1.88–2.17), asthma (RR: 3.61; 95 % CI: 2.96–4.41), conjunctivitis (RR: 2.83; 95 % CI: 2.47–3.24), and dermatitis (RR: 2.11; 95 % CI: 1.86–2.39), compared to the control exposure zone. Greater exposure effects were observed amongst ages ≥50 years and lower SES groups. Conclusion This is the first study carried out in Oman to assess the link between environmental exposure and health. These findings hope to contribute to building up evidence for environmental health and sustainable development policy in the country. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1866-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Al-Wahaibi
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom, UB8 3PH.
| | - Ariana Zeka
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom, UB8 3PH.
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Akbari VG, Pandya RD, Singh SP. Extraction of the metagenomic DNA and assessment of the bacterial diversity from the petroleum-polluted sites. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:6351-6362. [PMID: 24869956 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of the microbial diversity of the entire community of a given habitat requires the extraction of the total environmental DNA. Metagenomic investigations of a petroleum-polluted habitat have its unique challenges. The specific methods were developed for the extraction of high-quality metagenome in good quantity from the petroleum-polluted saline and non-saline sites in Gujarat (India). The soil samples were washed to remove the toxic, hazardous organic pollutants which might interfere with the recovery of the metagenomic DNA. The metagenomic DNA extraction results were encouraging with the mechanical bead beating, soft lysis, and combination of both. The extracted DNA was assessed for its purity and yield followed by its application in the amplification of the 16S rRNA region. The amplicons were used for judging the molecular diversity by the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The microbial diversity was also analyzed statistically by calculating various diversity indices and principal component analysis (PCA). The results on the metagenomic diversity of the bacterial population among the three cohorts based on the culture-independent technique exhibited significant difference among the PAH sites and Okha-Madhi and Porbandar Madhavpur habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viral G Akbari
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India, 360 005
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McGill AT. Past and future corollaries of theories on causes of metabolic syndrome and obesity related co-morbidities part 2: a composite unifying theory review of human-specific co-adaptations to brain energy consumption. Arch Public Health 2014; 72:31. [PMID: 25708599 PMCID: PMC4335399 DOI: 10.1186/2049-3258-72-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) predicts type II diabetes mellitus (TIIDM), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer, and their rates have escalated over the last few decades. Obesity related co-morbidities also overlap the concept of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, understanding of the syndrome's underlying causes may have been misapprehended. The current paper follows on from a theory review by McGill, A-T in Archives of Public Health, 72: 30. This accompanying paper utilises research on human evolution and new biochemistry to theorise on why MetS and obesity arise and how they affect the population. The basis of this composite unifying theory is that the proportionately large, energy-demanding human brain may have driven co-adaptive mechanisms to provide, or conserve, energy for the brain. A 'dual system' is proposed. 1) The enlarged, complex cortico-limbic-striatal system increases dietary energy by developing strong neural self-reward/motivation pathways for the acquisition of energy dense food, and (2) the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) cellular protection system amplifies antioxidant, antitoxicant and repair activity by employing plant chemicals. In humans who consume a nutritious diet, the NRF2 system has become highly energy efficient. Other relevant human-specific co-adaptations are explored. In order to 'test' this composite unifying theory it is important to show that the hypothesis and sub-theories pertain throughout the whole of human evolution and history up till the current era. Corollaries of the composite unifying theory of MetS are examined with respect to past under-nutrition and malnutrition since agriculture began 10,000 years ago. The effects of man-made pollutants on degenerative change are examined. Projections are then made from current to future patterns on the state of 'insufficient micronutrient and/or unbalanced high energy malnutrition with central obesity and metabolic dysregulation' or 'malnubesity'. Forecasts on human health are made on positive, proactive strategies using the composite unifying theory, and are extended to the wider human ecology of food production. A comparison is made with the outlook for humans if current assumptions and the status quo on causes and treatments are maintained. Areas of further research are outlined. A table of suggestions for possible public health action is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Thea McGill
- School of Population Health and Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- B-Med Weight Control Consultancy, Auckland, New Zealand
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Kumar B, Verma VK, Kumar S, Sharma CS. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Residential Soils from an Indian City near Power Plants Area and Assessment of Health Risk for Human Population. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2014.883414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Faro ARMDCD, Pinto WDJ, Ferreira AP, Barbosa Junior F, Souza VCDO, Fujimoto DE, Koifman RJ, Koifman S. Serum cadmium levels in a sample of blood donors in the Western Amazon, Brazil, 2010-2011. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2014; 30:403-14. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00087113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the distribution of serum cadmium (Cd) levels in blood donors in Rio Branco, Acre State, Brazil. Blood samples were obtained from 922 volunteer blood donors from 18 to 65 years of age at the Hemoacre blood center in 2010-2011. Mean serum Cd was 0.37µg/L (95%CI: 0.33-0.41). Increased serum Cd was associated with lower schooling; individuals with less than five years of schooling showed a mean Cd of 0.61µg/L (95%CI: 0.34-0.89), compared to 0.34µg/L (95%CI: 0.28-0.40) among those with more than nine years of schooling. Mean serum Cd was three times higher among smokers. Smoking showed a positive association with Cd level, with an OR of 12.36 (95%CI: 7.70-19.84). Meanwhile, serum Cd was lower among individuals that regularly drank tea, as compared to non-tea drinkers. Serum Cd levels were mostly below the reference value (88.3% of participants). Mean serum Cd in the current study indicates that in general the population studied here is not exposed to worrisome Cd levels.
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Study of environmental health problems in Korea using integrated environmental health indicators. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:3140-56. [PMID: 23892549 PMCID: PMC3774429 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10083140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the usefulness of environmental health indicators for the evaluation of environmental health in Korea. We also assessed the association between environmental contamination and health outcomes by integrating indicators into a composite measure. We selected health-related environmental indicators and environment-related health status indicators. The data were obtained from published statistical data from the period 2008–2009. Both synthesized measures of environmental indicators and health status indicators were calculated using Strahll’s taxonometric methods. The range of values determined by this method is 0–1, with higher values representing a better situation in the given area. The study area consisted of 16 large administrative areas within Korea. The arithmetic mean of the synthesized measure of environmental indicators was 0.348 (SD = 0.151), and that of the synthesized measure of health status indicators was 0.708 (SD = 0.107). The correlation coefficient between the synthesized measures of environmental indicators and health status indicators was 0.69 (95% CI: 0.28–0.88). Comparisons between local communities based on integrated indicators may provide useful information for decision-makers, allowing them to identify priorities in pollutant mitigation policies or in improvement actions for public health. Integrated indicators are also useful to describe the relationships between environmental contamination and health effects.
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Alvarado-Hernandez DL, Montero-Montoya R, Serrano-García L, Arellano-Aguilar O, Jasso-Pineda Y, Yáñez-Estrada L. Assessment of exposure to organochlorine pesticides and levels of DNA damage in mother-infant pairs of an agrarian community. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2013; 54:99-111. [PMID: 23355095 DOI: 10.1002/em.21753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to organochlorine pesticides was studied in a group of mother-infant pairs living in a rural area where agriculture is the main economic activity. Fumigation in this zone is performed with airplanes, thus affecting the inhabited areas around them, including schools. Heparinized venous blood of mothers and umbilical cords was used to evaluate the olive tail moment in the comet assay, and micronuclei, chromatin buds, and nucleoplasmic bridges in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Cord blood samples were taken at the moment of birth only from natural and normal parturitions. Determinations of hexachlorobenzene, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, oxichlordane, t and c-chlordane, cis-nonachlor, mirex, alpha and beta-endosulfan, alpha, beta and gamma hexachlorocyclohexane, and p'p'-DDT, p'p'-DDE were conducted to establish the differential distribution of the toxicants between compartments, i.e., mother and umbilical cord. Significantly higher pesticide levels were found in umbilical cord plasma than in mothers' plasma for almost all compounds tested, except DDE and oxychlordane. Significantly higher olive tail moments were found in umbilical cords than in mothers, whereas micronuclei frequencies were higher in mothers than in umbilical cords. However, neither the levels of micronuclei nor the olive tail moment were correlated with pesticide levels. Given that no other exposure to toxic compounds has been identified in this region, the lack of correlation between genotoxicity biomarkers and pesticide levels may be due to the variability of the exposure and to endogenous processes related to lipid mobility during pregnancy, the metabolism of the compounds, and individual susceptibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lorena Alvarado-Hernandez
- Departamento de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Género, Salud y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México
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Xu C, Dong D, Meng X, Su X, Zheng X, Li Y. Photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on soil surfaces under UV irradiation. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:569-575. [PMID: 23923431 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Photolysis of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on soil surfaces may play an important role in the fate of PAHs in the environment. Photolysis of PAHs on soil surfaces under UV irradiation was investigated. The effects of oxygen, irradiation intensity and soil moisture on the degradation of the three PAHs were observed. The results showed that oxygen, soil moisture and irradiation intensity enhanced the photolysis of the three PAHs on soil surfaces. The degradation of the three PAHs on soil surfaces is related to their absorption spectra and the oxidation-half-wave potential. The photolysis of PAHs on soil surfaces in the presence of oxygen followed pseudo first-order kinetics. The photolysis half-lives ranged from 37.87 days for benzo[a]pyrene to 58.73 days for phenanthrene. The results indicate that photolysis is a successful way to remediate PAHs-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Xu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
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Gu J, Dong D, Kong L, Zheng Y, Li X. Photocatalytic degradation of phenanthrene on soil surfaces in the presence of nanometer anatase TiO2 under UV-light. J Environ Sci (China) 2012; 24:2122-2126. [PMID: 23534208 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(11)61063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of nanometer anatase TiO2 was investigated on the photocatalytic degradation of phenanthrene on soil surfaces under a variety of conditions. After being spiked with phenanthrene, soil samples loaded with different amounts of TiO2 (0 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 2 wt.%, 3 wt.%, and 4 wt.%) were exposed to UV-light irradiation for 25 hr. The results indicated that the photocatalytic degradation of phenanthrene followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. TiO2 significantly accelerated the degradation of phenanthrene with the half-life reduced from 45.90 to 31.36 hr for TiO2 loading of 0 wt.% and 4 wt.%, respectively. In addition, the effects of H2O2, light intensity and humic acid on the degradation of phenanthrene were investigated. The degradation of phenanthrene increased with the concentration of H2O2, light intensity and the concentration of humic acids. It has been demonstrated that the photocatalytic method in the presence of nanometer anatase TiO2 was a very promising technology for the treatments of soil polluted with organic substances in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Gu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China.
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