1
|
A pilot study for investigating the feasibility of supervised machine learning approaches for the classification of pedestrians struck by vehicles. J Forensic Leg Med 2021; 84:102256. [PMID: 34678617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2021.102256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This research focuses on the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) methodologies to the problem of classifying vehicles involved in lethal pedestrian collisions. Specifically, the vehicle type is predicted on the basis of traumatic injury suffered by casualties, exploiting machine learning algorithms. In the present study, AI-assisted diagnosis was shown to have correct prediction about 70% of the time. In pedestrians struck by trucks, more severe injuries were appreciated in the facial skeleton, lungs, major airways, liver, and spleen as well as in the sternum/clavicle/rib complex, whereas the lower extremities were more affected by fractures in pedestrians struck by cars. Although the distinction of the striking vehicle should develop beyond autopsy evidence alone, the presented approach which is novel in the realm of forensic science, is shown to be effective in building automated decision support systems. Outcomes from this system can provide valuable information after the execution of autoptic examinations supporting the forensic investigation. Preliminary results from the application of machine learning algorithms with real-world datasets seem to highlight the efficacy of the proposed approach, which could be used for further studies concerning this topic.
Collapse
|
2
|
Sahu MR, Mohanty MK, Sasmal PK, Radhakrishnan RV, Mohanty CR, Shaji IM, Naveen A, Parida M. Epidemiology and patterns of road traffic fatalities in India pre- and post-motor vehicle (Amendment) act 2019: An autopsy-based study. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci 2021; 11:198-203. [PMID: 35070908 PMCID: PMC8725808 DOI: 10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_51_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a preventable cause of death. The government of India enacted the motor vehicle amendment (MVA) act on September 01, 2019, to curtail the alarming trend of RTAs and their associated fatality. The study objective was to compare the epidemiology and pattern of fatal RTAs before and after the MVA Act 2019 of India. Methods An autopsy-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (FMT) of a tertiary-care hospital from March 2019 to February 2020. The sample comprised 75 fatal RTA victims who underwent postmortem at FMT. Patients were studied in two groups: One pre-MVA group (n = 47) and one Post-MVA group (n = 28). The data were obtained from medical records and inquest reports with autopsy correlation. Data pertaining to sociodemographic profile, mechanism, injury profile including injury-severity-score (ISS) and survival-time was recorded. Results There was a 40.4% decline in mortality among RTA victims (P = 0.057) in the post-MVA group. The case fatality rate also declined during post-MVA implementation months compared to pre-MVA months (1.61 vs. 1.96). A significant correlation was noted between the ISS and survival-time of victims (P < 0.001, r = -0.522). The mean age of patients was 39.87 ± 17.44 years. Heavy motor vehicles along with motorized two-wheeler were the most common offending-vehicle. The median ISS of all victims was 41 (33-57). Head injury was the most common cause of death (60%). Conclusion Study results signal-toward early triumph of the new MVA act, probably due to enhanced adherence to safety gears and constructive behavioral change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manas Ranjan Sahu
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Critical Care All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Mohanty
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Critical Care All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prakash Kumar Sasmal
- Department of General Surgery, Critical Care All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Chitta Ranjan Mohanty
- Department of Trauma and Emergency, Critical Care All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ijas Muhammed Shaji
- Department of Trauma and Emergency, Critical Care All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Alagarasan Naveen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Critical Care All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Madhusmita Parida
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mohd Saman SA, Jothee S, Nor FM, Shafie MS. The Pattern of Injuries Among Motorcyclists in Fatal Road Traffic Accidents: An Autopsy-Based Study. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2021; 42:141-146. [PMID: 33346978 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, there has been a significant increase in mortality among motorcyclists, which warrants a need to analyze the epidemiology and pattern of injuries among road users in Malaysia. Hence, prioritizing road safety in the government policy by implementing targeted actions is justified to reduce injury and fatality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cases of road accident deaths in motorcyclists received by UKM Medical Centre were studied over a period of 10 years, that is, between 2010 and 2019. This study was based on forensic autopsy records database and forensic autopsy. RESULTS The most affected age group by road fatalities were young men. The most common injuries were intracranial hemorrhage (74%), thoracic hemorrhage (73%), and lung laceration (85.7%). About 39 (31%) fatally injured riders were positive for illicit drug and/or alcohol. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that men in the third decade of life are the major victims of motorcycle fatalities. Hence, urgent measures are necessary to establish road safety policy to reduce such fatalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siti Asma' Mohd Saman
- From the Forensic Unit, Department of Pathology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khurshid A, Sohail A, Khurshid M, Shah MU, Jaffry AA. Analysis of Road Traffic Accident Fatalities in Karachi, Pakistan: An Autopsy-Based Study. Cureus 2021; 13:e14459. [PMID: 33996319 PMCID: PMC8115190 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Road traffic accident (RTA) fatalities account for a significant number of unnatural deaths in Pakistan. Hence, it is necessary to investigate RTA fatalities in order to implement measures to reduce them. In the present study, we aimed to assess the detailed epidemiological characteristics of RTA fatalities by analyzing the data obtained from medico-legal autopsies performed at the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC) in 2019 and 2020. We assessed age- and gender-based variations in the pattern of RTA fatalities and determined the anatomical cause of death and sites of fractures among the fatalities. Moreover, we assessed the monthly distribution of cases in 2019 and 2020 to determine the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the number of RTA fatalities reported each month. Methodology In this retrospective study, data obtained from medico-legal autopsies of all RTA victims in 2019 and 2020 (n = 246) were collected from the Forensic Department of JPMC, Karachi. The data were then entered into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 24.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) for analysis. Results The highest number of fatalities was recorded in the age group of 18-40 years (54.5%), while the lowest number was recorded in the age group of ≥60 years (8.5%). The male:female autopsy ratio was 6.03:1. Most fatalities were recorded from 6:00 am to 11:59 am (41.9%), followed by 12:00 pm to 5:59 pm (37.4%). Moreover, most victims (76.8%) died instantaneously within seconds to minutes of the incident. The number of RTA fatalities reported in 2019 (50.4%) was similar to that reported in 2020 (49.6%). However, the number of RTA fatalities reported in March-July 2020 was 35.6% lower than that reported in the same period in 2019, possibly because of the restrictions (such as lockdowns) that were imposed to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of RTA fatalities reported in March-July 2020 and that reported in the remaining months of 2019 and 2020 (p = 0.006). The cause of death was head injury in 159 (64.6%) cases and multiple traumatic injuries in 65 (26.4%) cases. Injury to the chest, abdomen, and pelvis caused death in 11 (4.5%), nine (3.7%), and two (0.8%) cases, respectively. Assessment of the site of fractures revealed skull fractures to be the most common type of fractures (53%), followed by rib/sternal fractures (19%). Upper limb and lower limb fractures occurred in 10% and 9% of the cases, respectively, while pelvic and neck fractures occurred in 6% and 3% of the cases, respectively. Conclusions Efforts need to be made at both government and individual levels to reduce RTA fatalities. Strict implementation of traffic laws is necessary. Although we noted a male preponderance, the reluctance to get females autopsied should not be disregarded. The significant decrease in RTA fatalities during March-July 2020 could be attributed to the reduced traffic burden due to the restrictions imposed to control the COVID-19 pandemic and the preventive measures taken, such as staying at home, to avoid contracting the virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aruba Sohail
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Maman Khurshid
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Mir U Shah
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Asra A Jaffry
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hashemi Nazari S, Shojaei S, Mahdavi S, Mirtorabi S, Forouzesh M. Descriptive epidemiology of road traffic mortality caused by heavy vehicles in Iran in 2018. ARCHIVES OF TRAUMA RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/atr.atr_103_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
6
|
Nazari SH, Shahbazi F, Soori H, Khodakarim S, Ghadirzadeh M. Analysis of mortality rate of road traffic accidents and its trend in 11 years in Iran. ARCHIVES OF TRAUMA RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/atr.atr_72_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
7
|
Road traffic deaths in Kashan region, Iran: An eight-year study (2006-2013). Chin J Traumatol 2018; 21:54-57. [PMID: 29426796 PMCID: PMC5835547 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to analyze the trend of road traffic fatalities in Kashan Region, Iran, in a period of eight years. METHODS Through a cross-sectional study, all road traffic deaths classified under the V01V99 codes according to ICD-10 in Kashan region, central Iran, from March 2006 to March 2013 and population data were collected from the registration system of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Years of lost life (YLL) and mortality rates were calculated regarding age, gender and year of the accident. Generalized linear model (GLM) with Poisson log-linear link was used to evaluate the effects of the mentioned variables on mortality rate. RESULTS During the period of the study (8 years), 928 people (767 men) died due to road traffic injuries (RTIs). The total YLL was 20,818. The mortality rate due to RTIs has been declined constantly from 43.1 in March 2006 to 21.1 per 100,000 in March 2013. The highest mortality rate was found in the age group of over 60 years old and the lowest in the age group of 0-14 years old. Both mortality rate and YLL was greater in men than in women. Poisson regression showed that age, gender and year of the accidents had a significant effect on mortality rate (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Although there has been a constant decline of mortality rate in Kashan area within the study period, the value remains higher than the mean level of Eastern Mediterranean region and the global average, which is a notable fact for policymakers and authorities.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chichom-Mefire A, Palle-Ngunde J, Fokam P, Mokom-Awa A, Njock R, Ngowe-Ngowe M. Injury patterns in road traffic victims comparing road user categories: Analysis of 811 consecutive cases in the emergency department of a level I institution in a low-income country. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY OPEN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijso.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
9
|
Moradi M, Khanjani N, Nabipour AR. An observational study of child safety seat use in an international safe community: Tehran, Iran. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2017; 18:88-94. [PMID: 27258595 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2016.1177638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite strong evidence of the effectiveness of child safety seats in reducing injuries, the use of these devices in some communities is still rare. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of child safety seat use and the factors influencing its use in the safe community of Tehran. METHODS This roadside observational study was conducted in 2015 and 2,178 personal cars with a child under 12 years aboard were observed on Tehran's streets in regard to use of child safety seats. Other variables such as the gender of the driver, driver's age group, type of street, region of municipality, time of day, and day of the week were also collected. RESULTS Prevalence of child safety seat use was 4.3% and was significantly higher among women drivers, on freeways, and in municipal regions 1, 4, and 7. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of child safety seat use in Tehran as a most populous member of the international safe community was very low and most children commuted in insecure situations in the vehicle. Therefore, it is proposed that plans should be made to increase the use of child safety seats in international safe communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Moradi
- a Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology , Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
| | - Narges Khanjani
- b Environmental Engineering Research Center, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
- c Monash Centre for Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Amir Reza Nabipour
- d Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hashemi Nazari S, Hasani J, Ahanchi N, Rajabi A, Ghadirzadeh M. An Epidemiologic Study of Deceased Pedestrians in Road Traffic Accidents in Iran during 2012-2013. ARCHIVES OF TRAUMA RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/atr.atr_57_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
11
|
The Relative Costs of Accidents Following the Establishment of the Health, Safety and Environment Management System (HSE-MS) for the Construction Industry in Tehran. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.27140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
12
|
Epidemiology of Craniofacial Injuries in a Tertiary University Hospital in Tehran, 2013-14. Trauma Mon 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/traumamon.33050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
13
|
Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Ayubi E, Azami-Aghdash S, Abedi L, Zemestani A, Amanati L, Moosazadeh M, Syedi N, Safiri S. Epidemiological Patterns of Road Traffic Crashes During the Last Two Decades in Iran: A Review of the Literature from 1996 to 2014. ARCHIVES OF TRAUMA RESEARCH 2016; 5:e32985. [PMID: 27800461 PMCID: PMC5078874 DOI: 10.5812/atr.32985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context Despite considerable attention given to health statistics of road traffic crashes (RTCs), the epidemiological aspects of injuries resulting from RTCs are not fully understood in Iran and other developing countries. The aim of this review was to study the epidemiological pattern and issues arising due to RTCs in Iran. Evidence Acquisition The scope of this study involves data from a broad range of published literature on RTCs in Iran. Data collection for this study was conducted by searching for keywords such as traffic accidents, traffic crashes, motorcycle accidents, motorcycle crashes, motorcycle injury, motor vehicle injury, motor vehicle crashes and motor vehicle accidents, Iran and Iranian in various databases such as Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Magiran, Iranian scientific information database (SID) and IranMedex. Results This study comprised of 95 articles. It is evident from this review that a large number of severe RTCs occur due to collision of two or more vehicles and most of the victims are males aged between 30 and 39 years. Male pedestrian, drivers and passengers are more likely to be severely injured in comparison to females. One of the most prevalent causes of death among adults involved in the RTCs are head injuries and the majority of deaths occur prior to hospitalization. Mortality rates for RTCs are higher in summer, especially during midnight among all age groups. The most common individual and environmental risk factors associated with RTCs include lack of attention, getting trapped in the car, listening to music, fatigue and sleepiness, duration and distance and negligence of seatbelt usage while driving. Conclusions The findings of the current study will be beneficial in prevention of RTCs and its associated complications and hence will be vital for policy makers, health service managers and stakeholders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erfan Ayubi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Saber Azami-Aghdash
- Department of Health Services Management, Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Leila Abedi
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Alireza Zemestani
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Louiz Amanati
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran
| | - Naeema Syedi
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, IR Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Saeid Safiri, Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, IR Iran., E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mirzaei M, Mirzadeh M, Shogaei Far H, Mirzaei M. Trends in Road Traffic Deaths in Yazd, Iran, 2004 - 2010. ARCHIVES OF TRAUMA RESEARCH 2016; 5:e29266. [PMID: 27679788 PMCID: PMC5035672 DOI: 10.5812/atr.29266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Road traffic deaths are a considerable public health problem and a major source of lost financial and human resources. Most mortality occurs in low- and middle-income countries. Objectives This study aimed to measure road traffic fatality rates and years of lost life, and also to depict a view of trends in road traffic deaths from 2004 to 2010 in Yazd city, a province in central Iran. Materials and Methods This retrospective case study analyzed road traffic deaths that were classified under the V01 - V99 codes of the ICD-10 in Yazd province from March 2004 to March 2010, using data that were collected from the death registration system of the Yazd province health center. Cases were classified according to age, sex, time of year, and residence (urban vs. rural). Years of lost life and road fatality rate per 100,000 people were calculated. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and ANOVA with SPSS 16. Results During the seven-year period of this study, 3,028 people in Yazd province died due to road traffic accidents (9.1% of total deaths in the province). Most deaths occurred among people aged 20-24 (15%), men (82.7%), and urban residents (82.6%). Total years of lost life (YLL) were 73,875 (60,337 and 13,489 in men and women, respectively). The road traffic fatality rate per 100,000 was 47.6 in 2004 and 37.6 in 2010. In the study period, the rate of traffic fatalities decreased for men (from 77.9 to 68.5) but this is not the case for women (from 14.8 to 19.2). Road traffic deaths peaked every summer. Conclusions Despite the overall reduction trend, the road traffic fatality rate in Yazd province is still alarmingly high compared to national and global data. In addition, the female population shows increasing death rates. These findings can serve as a basis for health care professionals and policymakers to conduct preventive measures, especially during summer, and plan specifically for reducing fatalities in the female population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mirzaei
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Monitoring Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
| | - Mahboobahsadat Mirzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Shogaei Far
- Health Center of Yazd Province, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mirzaei
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mojtaba Mirzaei, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, IR Iran, Tel/Fax:+989132595430. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
A Framework for the Calculation of Direct and Indirect Costs of Accidents and Its Application to Incidents Occurring in Iran’s Construction Industry in 2013. Trauma Mon 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/traumamon.26117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
16
|
An unusual pedestrian road trauma: from forensic pathology to forensic veterinary medicine. Forensic Sci Int 2013; 234:e1-4. [PMID: 24091032 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Traffic accidents have increased in the last decade, pedestrians being the most affected group. At autopsy, it is evident that the most common cause of pedestrian death is central nervous system injury, followed by skull base fractures, internal bleeding, lower limb haemorrhage, skull vault fractures, cervical spinal cord injury and airway compromise. The attribution of accident responsibility can be realised through reconstruction of road accident dynamics, investigation of the scene, survey of the vehicle involved and examination of the victim(s). A case study concerning a car accident where both humans and pets were involved is reported here. Investigation and reconstruction of the crime scene were conducted by a team consisting of forensic pathologists and forensic veterinarians. At the scene investigation, the pedestrian and his dog were recovered on the side of the road. An autopsy and a necropsy were conducted on the man and the dog, respectively. In addition, a complete inspection of the sports utility vehicle (SUV) implicated in the road accident was conducted. The results of the autopsy and necropsy were compared and the information was used to reconstruct the collision. This unusual case was solved through the collaboration between forensic pathology and veterinary forensic medicine, emphasising the importance of this kind of co-operation to solve a crime scene concerning both humans and animals.
Collapse
|
17
|
Bajracharya A, Agrawal A, Yam B, Agrawal C, Lewis O. Spectrum of surgical trauma and associated head injuries at a university hospital in eastern Nepal. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2013; 1:2-8. [PMID: 21799609 PMCID: PMC3137826 DOI: 10.4103/0976-3147.63092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Trauma is one of the common surgical emergencies presenting at B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Nepal, a tertiary referral center catering to the needs of the population of Eastern Nepal and nearby districts of India. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the magnitude, epidemiological, clinical profile and outcome of trauma at B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. Materials and Methods: This descriptive case series study includes all patients with history of trauma coming to BPKIHS emergency and referred to the surgery department. We noted the detailed clinical history and examination, demographics, mechanism of injury, nature of injury, time of reporting in emergency, treatment offered (operative or non operative management) and analyzed details of operative procedure (i.e. laparotomy, thoracotomy, craniotomy etc.), average length of hospital stay, morbidity and outcome (according to Glasgow outcome scale). Collected data were analyzed using EpiInfo 2000 statistical software. Results: There were 1848 patients eligible to be included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 28.9 ± 19.3 years. Majority of the patients (38%) belonged to the age group of 21 - 40 years and the male to female ratio was 2.7:1. Most of the trauma victims were students (30%) followed by laborers (27%) and farmers (22%) respectively. The commonest causes of injury were fall from height (39%), road traffic accident (38%) and physical assault (18%); 78% of the patients were managed conservatively and 22% underwent operative management. Postoperative complications were seen in 18%. Wound infection 7.5%, neurological deficit including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otrorrhea was seen in 2.2% patients. Good recovery was seen in 84%, moderate disability in 5.2% patients and severe disability in 1.4% patients. The mortally was 6.3% and most of the deaths were related to traumatic brain injuries. Conclusions: In Nepal, trauma-related injury contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality and is the third leading cause of death. There are very few studies on trauma from this country and hence this study will help in understanding the etiology and outcome particularly in the Eastern region of Nepal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bajracharya
- Department of Surgery, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Munivenkatappa A, Pruthi N, Philip M, Devi BI, Somanna S. Elderly pedestrian neurotrauma: A descriptive study from a premier neurotrauma center in India. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2013; 4:29-32. [PMID: 23546344 PMCID: PMC3579038 DOI: 10.4103/0976-3147.105606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Experience with elderly pedestrian neurotrauma at a major neurotrauma tertiary center. Aims: To highlight the specific injuries and outcome of the elderly pedestrian neurotrauma patients within the city of Bangalore and its surrounding districts. Settings and Design: A retrospective study consisting of demographic data, clinical findings, radiological details, and outcomes. Materials and Methods: A study was conducted at the casualty services, in which 143 consecutive elderly pedestrian (age >60 years) head injury victims were studied from June to September 2009. The records from the hospital mortuary were analyzed from 2007 to 2009. An analysis of 77 elderly patients who died as a pedestrian in accidents during this period was performed. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS 15. Results: The elderly pedestrians constituted 27% (143/529) of all pedestrian traumas. Two wheelers were the most common accident vehicle (56.6%, 81/143). Most of the injuries (38.5%, 55/143) occurred during peak traffic hours, that is, 4 pm to 9 pm. Majority sustained moderate to severe head injury (61%, 87/143). More than three-fourths of patients required a computed tomography (CT) scan (77%, 110/143), in which there was a higher frequency of contusion (31.5%, 45/143), and subdural hemorrhage (23.1%, 33/143). Most of the injured (43.3%, 13/30) underwent surgery for intracranial hematoma. The mortality rate was 22.8% (8/35). Nearly one-fourth of conducted postmortems among pedestrians belonged to the elderly age group (77/326, 23.6%). Conclusions: Elderly pedestrian neurotrauma patients sustain a more severe injury as evident by poorer Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) scores and CT scan findings, and hence have a higher mortality rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Munivenkatappa
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Characterization of spinal injuries sustained by American service members killed in Iraq and Afghanistan. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2013; 74:1112-8. [DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e31828273be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
20
|
Lin CH, Wang PW, Pan TL, Bazylak G, Liu EKW, Wei FC. Proteomic profiling of oxidative stress in human victims of traffic-related injuries after lower limb revascularization and indication for secondary amputation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 51:784-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|