1
|
Sekiguchi H, Minei A, Noborikawa M, Kondo Y, Tamaki Y, Fukuda T, Hanashiro K, Kukita I. Difference in electromyographic activity between the trapezius muscle and other neck accessory muscles under an increase in inspiratory resistive loading in the supine position. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 281:103509. [PMID: 32739461 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The activity of the trapezius muscle is reportedly higher than that of other neck accessory muscles under a condition of increased inspiratory pressure in the standing position. The present study aimed to compare the activity of the trapezius muscle with those of the scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscles under a condition of increased inspiratory pressure in the supine position. This study included 40 subjects, and the muscle activity was measured using surface electromyography. Regarding the results, there was a significant difference in the muscle activity between the trapezius muscle and the scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscles (p = 0.003) in both men and women. Post-hoc analysis showed significant differences between trapezius and the other muscles. Moreover, there was no difference between the scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscles (p = 0.596). The increase in the change in electromyography activity of the muscle is greater in the trapezius muscle than in other muscles when the level of inspiratory pressure increases in the supine position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sekiguchi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Akira Minei
- Department of Rehabilitation, University of the Ryukyu Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masako Noborikawa
- Department of Laboratory, Tomishiro Central Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kondo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Tamaki
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuma Fukuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hanashiro
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Health Sciences, Meio University, Okinawa, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kukita
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sales MM, Sousa CV, da Silva Aguiar S, Knechtle B, Nikolaidis PT, Alves PM, Simões HG. An integrative perspective of the anaerobic threshold. Physiol Behav 2017; 205:29-32. [PMID: 29248631 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The concept of anaerobic threshold (AT) was introduced during the nineteen sixties. Since then, several methods to identify the anaerobic threshold (AT) have been studied and suggested as novel 'thresholds' based upon the variable used for its detection (i.e. lactate threshold, ventilatory threshold, glucose threshold). These different techniques have brought some confusion about how we should name this parameter, for instance, anaerobic threshold or the physiological measure used (i.e. lactate, ventilation). On the other hand, the modernization of scientific methods and apparatus to detect AT, as well as the body of literature formed in the past decades, could provide a more cohesive understanding over the AT and the multiple physiological systems involved. Thus, the purpose of this review was to provide an integrative perspective of the methods to determine AT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Caio Victor Sousa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
| | - Samuel da Silva Aguiar
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maffiuletti NA, Aagaard P, Blazevich AJ, Folland J, Tillin N, Duchateau J. Rate of force development: physiological and methodological considerations. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:1091-116. [PMID: 26941023 PMCID: PMC4875063 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 761] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of rate of force development during rapid contractions has recently become quite popular for characterising explosive strength of athletes, elderly individuals and patients. The main aims of this narrative review are to describe the neuromuscular determinants of rate of force development and to discuss various methodological considerations inherent to its evaluation for research and clinical purposes. Rate of force development (1) seems to be mainly determined by the capacity to produce maximal voluntary activation in the early phase of an explosive contraction (first 50–75 ms), particularly as a result of increased motor unit discharge rate; (2) can be improved by both explosive-type and heavy-resistance strength training in different subject populations, mainly through an improvement in rapid muscle activation; (3) is quite difficult to evaluate in a valid and reliable way. Therefore, we provide evidence-based practical recommendations for rational quantification of rate of force development in both laboratory and clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola A Maffiuletti
- Human Performance Lab, Schulthess Clinic, Lengghalde 6, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Muscle Research Cluster (SMRC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anthony J Blazevich
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Jonathan Folland
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Neale Tillin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Jacques Duchateau
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brink-Elfegoun T, Ratel S, Leprêtre PM, Metz L, Ennequin G, Doré E, Martin V, Bishop D, Aubineau N, Lescuyer JF, Duclos M, Sirvent P, Peltier SL. Effects of sports drinks on the maintenance of physical performance during 3 tennis matches: a randomized controlled study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2014; 11:46. [PMID: 25302057 PMCID: PMC4190931 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-014-0046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tennis tournaments often involve playing several consecutive matches interspersed with short periods of recovery. Objective The objective of this study was firstly to assess the impact of several successive tennis matches on the physical performance of competitive players and secondly to evaluate the potential of sports drinks to minimize the fatigue induced by repeated matches. Methods This was a crossover, randomized controlled study. Eight male regionally-ranked tennis players participated in this study. Players underwent a series of physical tests to assess their strength, speed, power and endurance following the completion of three tennis matches each of two hours duration played over three consecutive half-days (1.5 day period for each condition). In the first condition the players consumed a sports drink before, during and after each match; in the second, they drank an identical volume of placebo water. The results obtained were compared with the third ‘rest’ condition in which the subjects did not play any tennis. Main outcomes measured were maximal isometric strength and fatigability of knee and elbow extensors, 20-m sprint speed, jumping height, specific repeated sprint ability test and hand grip strength. Results The physical test results for the lower limbs showed no significant differences between the three conditions. Conversely, on the upper limbs the EMG data showed greater fatigue of the triceps brachii in the placebo condition compared to the rest condition, while the ingestion of sports drinks attenuated this fatigue. Conclusions This study has demonstrated for the first time that, when tennis players are adequately hydrated and ingest balanced meals between matches, then no large drop in physical performance is observed even during consecutive competitive matches. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01353872.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Brink-Elfegoun
- Division of Sport Medicine and Biology of Physical Activity, University of Athens Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Antistasis 41, Athens, 17237, Dafni, Greece
| | - Sébastien Ratel
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Bâtiment Biologie B, 24 avenue des Landais, Aubière Cedex, F-63171, France ; CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Leprêtre
- Laboratoire de Recherche Adaptations Physiologiques à l'Exercice et Réadaptation à l'Effort, EA-3300, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Lore Metz
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Bâtiment Biologie B, 24 avenue des Landais, Aubière Cedex, F-63171, France ; CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
| | - Gael Ennequin
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Bâtiment Biologie B, 24 avenue des Landais, Aubière Cedex, F-63171, France ; CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
| | - Eric Doré
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Bâtiment Biologie B, 24 avenue des Landais, Aubière Cedex, F-63171, France ; CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
| | - Vincent Martin
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Bâtiment Biologie B, 24 avenue des Landais, Aubière Cedex, F-63171, France ; CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
| | - David Bishop
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia ; College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicolas Aubineau
- Department of Research, Laboratoire Lescuyer, Nutratletic, Aytré, France
| | | | - Martine Duclos
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University-Hospital (CHU), G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand F-63003, France ; INRA, UMR 1019, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France ; University Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France ; CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
| | - Pascal Sirvent
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Bâtiment Biologie B, 24 avenue des Landais, Aubière Cedex, F-63171, France ; CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pereira WM, Ferreira LAB, Rossi LP, Kerpers II, Grecco St LAC, de Paula AR, Oliveira CS. Influence of heat on fatigue and electromyographic activity of the biceps brachii muscle. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2011; 15:478-84. [PMID: 21943621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Electromyography enables registering muscle activity during contraction and can identify muscle fatigue. In the present study, 30 volunteers between 18 and 30 years of age were submitted to an exertion 1 min of maximal voluntary isometric contraction. The electromyographic signal of the biceps brachii muscle and the strength of the flexor muscles of the elbow were determined before and after the administration of microwave diathermy in order to analyze the influence of heat over the strength of the elbow flexor muscles and fatigue of the biceps brachii. The results demonstrate that the strength of the elbow flexor muscles diminished significantly following the application of heat (p<0.05). Heat also led to a significant reduction in the electrical activity of the muscle studied. The present study demonstrates that microwave diathermy on the biceps brachii muscle reduces the flexion strength of the elbow as well as signs of muscle fatigue in the biceps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Menna Pereira
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Padre Salvador 875, Guarapuava, PR, 85015-430, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Analysis of various conditions in order to measure electromyography of isometric contractions in water and on air. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2010; 20:988-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
7
|
Santos MCA, Semeghuini TA, Azevedo FMD, Colugnati DB, Negrão Filho RDF, Alves N, Arida RM. Análise da fadiga muscular localizada em atletas e sedentários através de parâmetros de freqüência do sinal eletromiográfico. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922008000600007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Embora a análise no domínio da freqüência do sinal eletromiográfico (EMG) seja empregada na caracterização do processo de fadiga muscular localizada, sua aplicação, especificamente a da freqüência mediana (Fmed), é pouco explorada no âmbito esportivo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a viabilidade da aplicação do sinal EMG, através de sua análise no domínio da freqüência, como parâmetro para determinação e diferenciação no comportamento da fadiga muscular localizada. Dois grupos de sujeitos, um caracterizado como atletas (n =12) e outro como sedentários (n =12), foram submetidos a análises baseadas em procedimentos executados em três diferentes situações experimentais, todos envolvendo a modalidade de exercício isométrico: i) teste máximo para determinação da contração isométrica voluntária máxima (CIVM); ii) teste de fadiga, sustentado por 35 seg. a 80% da CIVM; iii) teste de recuperação, sustentado por 10 seg. a 80% da CIVM; neste ultimo foi monitorado o comportamento da Fmed nos três primeiros (Fmedi) e três últimos segundos (Fmedf) do sinal EMG no músculo tibial anterior durante o teste de fadiga. Durante os 10 segundos do teste de recuperação foi calculada a Fmed referente a todo o período (Fmedr). parâmetro utilizado no cálculo do índice de recuperação muscular (IRM). Os resultados apontam que a Fmedf apresentou valor menor em relação à Fmedi em ambos os grupos (p < 0,05). Quando comparado com o grupo de sedentários, o grupo de atletas apresentou valores maiores de Fmedi e Fmedf (p < 0,05). O valor médio e desvio-padrão do IRM para o grupo de atletas foram de 62,1% ± 28,7 e, para o grupo de sedentários, de 55,2% ± 27,8 (p > 0,05). Dessa forma, os resultados apresentados neste estudo permitem inferir a viabilidade na aplicação de parâmetros no domínio da freqüência do sinal EMG para a determinação e diferenciação do comportamento da fadiga muscular localizada.
Collapse
|
8
|
Loss of neuromuscular control related to motion in the acutely ACL-injured knee: an experimental study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008; 104:567-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-008-0729-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
9
|
Candotti CT, Loss JF, Melo MDO, La Torre M, Pasini M, Dutra LA, de Oliveira JLN, de Oliveira LP. Comparing the lactate and EMG thresholds of recreational cyclists during incremental pedaling exercise. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 86:272-8. [DOI: 10.1139/y08-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of using the electromyography (EMG) signal as a noninvasive method of estimating the lactate threshold (LT) power output in recreational cyclists. Using an electromagnetic bicycle ergometer and constant pedaling cadence of 80 rpm, 24 recreational cyclists performed an incremental exercise protocol that consisted of stepwise increases in power output of 25 W every 3 min until exhaustion. The EMG signal was recorded from the right vastus lateralis (VL) and right rectus femoris (RF) throughout the test. Blood samples were taken from the fingertip every 3 min. The LT was determined by examining the relation between the lactate concentration and the power output using a log–log transformation model. The root mean square (RMS) value from the EMG signal was calculated for every 1-second non-superimposing window. Sets of pairs of straight regression lines were plotted and the corresponding determination coefficients (R2) were calculated. The intersection point of the pair of lines with the highest R2 product was chosen to represent the EMG threshold (EMGT). The results showed that the correlation coefficients (r) between EMGT and LT were significant (p < 0.01) and high for the VL (r = 0.826) and RF (r = 0.872). The RF and VL muscles showed similar behavior during the maximal incremental test and the EMGT and LT power output were equivalent for both muscles. The validity of using EMG to estimate the LT power output in recreational cyclists was confirmed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Tarragô Candotti
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Curso de Educação Física, São Leopoldo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Felizardo, 750, 90690-200 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Fagundes Loss
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Curso de Educação Física, São Leopoldo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Felizardo, 750, 90690-200 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mônica de Oliveira Melo
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Curso de Educação Física, São Leopoldo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Felizardo, 750, 90690-200 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo La Torre
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Curso de Educação Física, São Leopoldo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Felizardo, 750, 90690-200 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maicon Pasini
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Curso de Educação Física, São Leopoldo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Felizardo, 750, 90690-200 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Araújo Dutra
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Curso de Educação Física, São Leopoldo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Felizardo, 750, 90690-200 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Leandro Nunes de Oliveira
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Curso de Educação Física, São Leopoldo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Felizardo, 750, 90690-200 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lino Pinto de Oliveira
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Curso de Educação Física, São Leopoldo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Felizardo, 750, 90690-200 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gubler-Hanna C, Laskin J, Marx BJ, Leonard CT. Construct validity of myotonometric measurements of muscle compliance as a measure of strength. Physiol Meas 2007; 28:913-24. [PMID: 17664682 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/28/8/013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Myotonometric measurement of muscle compliance represents new technology that quantifies muscle tone. Compliance change during muscle contraction might provide an indirect measure of strength. The purpose of this study was to determine relationships among myotonometric measurements of muscle compliance, surface electromyographic (sEMG) measurements of muscle activation and joint force production during voluntary isometric knee extensions. The level of relationship will contribute to the construct validity of use of muscle compliance as an indirect strength measurement. Thirteen male subjects, mean age 25 +/- 1.5 years, participated. Simultaneous recordings of myotonometric, sEMG of the rectus femoris and isometric knee extension force measurements were taken at rest, during maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and during 33% and 66% MVC contractions. Relationships among the three measurement procedures were calculated using correlation and regression analyses. Myotonometric measures of muscle compliance, sEMG and force measurements were highly correlated. Myotonometric measurements were best represented by a curvilinear (quadratic) relationship to sEMG (r = 0.82, p < 0.001) and joint force (r = 0.83, p < 0.001). The present experiments establish the construct validity of myotonometric measurements of muscle compliance as an indirect means of quantifying muscle strength and activation levels. This method, therefore, offers a possible alternative for cases in which direct measurement of joint force or sEMG is difficult or inappropriate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coral Gubler-Hanna
- Motor Control Research Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, College of Health and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Singh VP, Kumar DK, Polus B, Fraser S. Strategies to identify changes in SEMG due to muscle fatigue during cycling. J Med Eng Technol 2007; 31:144-51. [PMID: 17365438 DOI: 10.1080/03091900500444281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Detection, quantification and analysis of muscle fatigue are crucial in occupational/rehabilitation and sporting settings. Sports organizations such as the Australian Institute of Sports (AIS) currently monitor fatigue by a battery of tests including invasive techniques that require taking blood samples and/or muscle biopsies, the latter of which is highly invasive, painful, time consuming and expensive. SEMG is non-invasive monitoring of muscle activation and is an indication of localized muscle fatigue based on the observed shift of the power spectral density of the SEMG. But the success of SEMG based techniques is currently limited to isometric contraction and is not acceptable to the human movement community. This paper proposes and tests the use of spectral analysis of narrow windows of SEMG near the peak of a cyclic activity to identify the onset of muscle fatigue during cyclic activities. The results demonstrate a highly significant relationship of reduction of the median frequency with the onset of muscle fatigue. The paper also reports the validation of the SEMG study using biochemical analysis of muscle biopsy and blood tests and further verified using power output of the cycle and speed of pedalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V P Singh
- Electrical and Computer Eng, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang J, Jin D, Ji L, Wang R, Zhang J, Fang X, Zhou D, Wu M. The reaction strategy of lower extremity muscles when slips occur to individuals with trans-femoral amputation. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2007; 17:228-40. [PMID: 16603384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2006.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2004] [Revised: 11/05/2005] [Accepted: 01/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the surface electromyography (sEMG) responses of lower extremity muscles for both healthy people and individuals with trans-femoral amputation (TFA), when slip events occur during level walking. Six male individuals with unilateral TFA and five healthy subjects participated in this study. Each subject was required to walk at a self-selected comfortable pace along a 5m plastic walkway, and to perform walking trials on dry and oily conditions respectively. The sEMG signals of muscles on legs and around waist were recorded in each trial and the normalized instantaneous muscle power (IMP) values were employed to quantify the response intensity. The IMP profiles of each muscle in oily-surface walking trials were compared quantitatively with that in dry-surface trials. There are three main findings in this study. (1) Different muscle reaction strategies are employed in slip events by the healthy persons and the individuals with TFA, respectively. Moreover, when the slip event occurs on the prosthetic leg and the intact leg of the individuals with TFA respectively, the muscle reaction strategies are also different. (2) The individuals with TFA face higher risks of fall than the healthy persons no mater slips occur on the prosthetic side or the intact side. (3) The hip muscles, especially the gluteus maximus (GMA) muscles, always enormously contribute to posture adjustment and balance recovery in slip events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Yang
- Division of Intelligent and Biomechanical System, State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Clark BC, Cook SB, Ploutz-Snyder LL. Reliability of techniques to assess human neuromuscular function in vivo. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2007; 17:90-101. [PMID: 16427317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2005.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2005] [Revised: 11/21/2005] [Accepted: 11/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the reliability of a large number of commonly utilized experimental tests of in vivo human neuromuscular function separated by 4-weeks. Numerous electrophysiological parameters (i.e., voluntary and evoked electromyogram [EMG] signals), contractile properties (i.e., evoked forces and rates of force development and relaxation), muscle morphology (i.e., MRI-derived cross-sectional area [CSA]) and performance tasks (i.e., steadiness and time to task failure) were assessed from the plantarflexor muscle group in 17 subjects before and following 4-weeks where they maintained their normal lifestyle. The reliability of the measured variables had wide-ranging levels of consistency, with coefficient of variations (CV) ranging from approximately 2% to 20%, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) between 0.53 and 0.99. Overall, we observed moderate to high-levels of reliability in the vast majority of the variables we assessed (24 out of the 29 had ICC>0.70 and CV<15%). The variables demonstrating the highest reliability were: CSA (ICC=0.93-0.98), strength (ICC=0.97), an index of nerve conduction velocity (ICC=0.95), and H-reflex amplitude (ICC=0.93). Conversely, the variables demonstrating the lowest reliability were: the amplitude of voluntary EMG signal (ICC=0.53-0.88), and the time to task failure of a sustained submaximal contraction (ICC=0.64). Additionally, relatively little systematic bias (calculated through the limits of agreement) was observed in these measures over the repeat sessions. In conclusion, while the reliability differed between the various measures, in general it was rather high even when the testing sessions are separated by a relatively long duration of time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Clark
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, 820 Comstock Avenue, Room 201, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chu DPK. The effects of augmented feedback training in cadence acquisition. Res Sports Med 2006; 14:135-47. [PMID: 16869138 DOI: 10.1080/15438620600651165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this study are to determine the optimal cadence of individuals and to subsequently determine the effectiveness of the augmented feedback training program on cadence technique modification. Eighteen physically active subjects, 14 males and 4 females who are aged 18 to 23, were the volunteer subjects of the study. Each subject performed three sessions of exercise in a random order at the cadences of 60, 70, and 80 revolutions per minute (rpm). Myoelectric signals from the vastus lateralis muscle were recorded during the criterion exercise to determine the optimal cadence of individual subjects. They also participated in a 10-day cadence training program, during which the augmented feedback group was provided with cadence information, while the control group trained without the feedback. The time percentage of cadence error that deviated from the optimal cadence in the augmented feedback group was reduced significantly (p < 0.05) after 10 days of training, and the same result was shown in the retention test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danny P K Chu
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jaskólska A, Brzenczek-Owczarzak W, Yue GH, Jaskólski A. EMG and MMG of agonist and antagonist muscles as a function of age and joint angle. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2006; 16:89-102. [PMID: 16099173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2005.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2005] [Revised: 05/09/2005] [Accepted: 05/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of elbow joint position on electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) activities of agonist and antagonist muscles in young and old women. Surface EMG and MMG were recorded from the triceps and biceps brachii, and brachioradialis muscles during isometric elbow extensions in young and old women. The measurements were carried out at an optimal joint angle (A(o)), as well as at smaller (A(s) = A(o) - 30 degrees ) and larger (A(l) = A(o) + 30 degrees ) angles. The normalized to force EMG amplitude (RMS-EMG/F) was smaller in old women compared to young in all muscles. The RMS-EMG/F of the triceps brachii muscle was not affected by muscle length while that of the biceps brachii and brachioradialis muscles increased at shortest muscle length in both groups. The normalized to force MMG amplitude (RMS-MMG/F) was smaller in old than in young in the triceps brachii muscle only. There was an increase in RMS-MMG/F with triceps brachii and biceps brachii muscle shortening in both groups, and in the brachioradialis muscle -- in young only. Compared to young, older women exhibited a bigger force fluctuation during maximum voluntary contraction, but these did not contribute significantly to the RMS-MMG. Skinfold thickness accounted for the RMS-EMG/F and RMS-MMG/F differences seen between old and young women in the biceps brachii muscle only. It is concluded that, the EMG and MMG response to muscles length change in agonist and antagonist muscles is generally similar in old and young women but the optimal angle shifts toward a bigger value in older women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jaskólska
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, 51-629 Wrocław, ul. Rzeźbiarska 4, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lukowicz P, Hanser F, Szubski C, Schobersberger W. Detecting and Interpreting Muscle Activity with Wearable Force Sensors. LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/11748625_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
17
|
Moritani T, Kimura T, Hamada T, Nagai N. Electrophysiology and kinesiology for health and disease. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2005; 15:240-55. [PMID: 15763671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2005.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper summarizes my Basmajian keynote presentation at the 2004 International Society of Electrophysiology and Kinesiology Conference. I dedicate this paper to Dr. Herbert A. deVries, the mentor of my research career. The following topics will be covered from the standpoint of Electrophysiology and Kinesiology for health and disease: (1) electromechanical manifestations of neuromuscular fatigue and muscle soreness, (2) cardiac depolarization-repolarization characteristics of normal and patients, (3) etiology of obesity and diabetes and autonomic nervous system, and (4) functional electrical stimulation for health and disease, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Moritani
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ollivier K, Portero P, Maïsetti O, Hogrel JY. Repeatability of surface EMG parameters at various isometric contraction levels and during fatigue using bipolar and Laplacian electrode configurations. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2005; 15:466-73. [PMID: 15935958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2005.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2004] [Revised: 12/17/2004] [Accepted: 01/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to assess the repeatability of two surface electromyographic (sEMG) recording techniques, the classical bipolar configuration and a Laplacian configuration to document their ability to provide reliable information during follow-up studies. The signals were recorded on 10 healthy subjects during voluntary isometric contractions of the biceps brachii muscle at different constant contraction levels. Slopes, area ratios (at 60% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)) and initial values (at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% MVC) of the root mean square (RMS), the mean power frequency (MPF) and the muscle fibre conduction velocity (CV) were estimated. Experimental sessions were repeated on three different days with both electrode sets to evaluate the repeatability of sEMG parameter estimates. Classical results were observed, such as an increase in the RMS and the CV with the contraction level. Only initial values of RMS and MPF were shown to be dependent on electrode type. These two parameters presented intra-class correlation coefficient values higher than .80 for high contraction levels. On the whole, the repeatability of the measures was good; however it was better for all sEMG parameter estimates with bipolar electrodes than Laplacian electrodes. Because a bipolar configuration is less selective than a Laplacian one, it provides a global view of muscular activity, which is more repeatable, hence more suitable for follow-up studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Ollivier
- Institut de Myologie, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Anders C, Bretschneider S, Bernsdorf A, Schneider W. Activation characteristics of shoulder muscles during maximal and submaximal efforts. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004; 93:540-6. [PMID: 15599587 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-004-1260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Determination of individual maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) force is used as the gold standard for normalising surface EMG (SEMG) data. Assuming a linear amplitude-force relationship, individual strain levels are defined according to percentage rates of the measured MVC levels. The purpose of the study was to investigate if the assumed force-strain relationship can be applied without qualification. Therefore, healthy volunteers (nine men, ten women) were investigated during isometric exercises of shoulder muscles at MVC and 50% levels. Tasks were performed at four different angular positions in frontal, sagittal and horizontal planes. In each plane, both possible force directions were investigated. SEMG was taken simultaneously from 13 muscles of the shoulder and upper arms from both sides of the body. At a force level of 50% MVC, SEMG amplitude levels were compared to the expected 50% level. Differences in muscular co-ordination patterns were also determined. During retroversion and horizontal flexion, amplitude levels significantly remained at levels below 50%. This was seen for all the muscles investigated, independent of relative contribution to force production. During horizontal extension and abduction, the main force-producing muscles showed amplitude levels that significantly exceeded the expected 50% level. Co-ordination patterns differed significantly between MVC and submaximal conditions for anteversion, retroversion and horizontal extension. Specifically, four shoulder muscles showed higher proportions at the 50% level compared to MVC. Therefore, certain percentage rates of MVC force levels exhibit quite different strain rates, as identified by SEMG. Depending on force direction, differences in co-ordination patterns exist between MVC and submaximal test conditions. Both findings have implications for therapeutic and training applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Anders
- Motor Research Group, Institute for Pathophysiology and Pathobiochemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07740 Jena, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Leonard CT, Brown JS, Price TR, Queen SA, Mikhailenok EL. Comparison of surface electromyography and myotonometric measurements during voluntary isometric contractions. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2004; 14:709-14. [PMID: 15491846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2004.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Muscle stiffness increases during muscle contraction. The purpose of this study was to determine the strength of the correlation between myotonometric measurements of muscle stiffness and surface electromyography (sEMG) measurements during various levels of voluntary isometric contractions of the biceps brachii muscle. SUBJECTS Eight subjects (four female; four male), with mean age of 30.6 +/- 8.23, volunteered to participate in this study. METHODS Myotonometer and sEMG measurements were taken simultaneously from the right biceps brachii muscle. Data were obtained: (1) at rest, (2) while the subject held a 15 lb (6.8 kg) weight isometrically and, (3) during a maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Myotonometer force-displacement curves (amount of tissue displacement to a given unit of force applied perpendicular to the muscle) were compared with sEMG measurements using Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients. RESULTS Myotonometer and sEMG measurement correlations ranged from -0.70 to -0.90. The strongest correlations to sEMG were from Myotonometer force measurements between 1.00 and 2.00 kg. CONCLUSIONS Myotonometer and sEMG measurements were highly correlated. Tissue stiffness, as measured by the Myotonometer, appears capable of assessing changes in muscle activation levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles T Leonard
- Motor Control Research Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cramer JT, Housh TJ, Weir JP, Johnson GO, Berning JM, Perry SR, Bull AJ. Gender, muscle, and velocity comparisons of mechanomyographic and electromyographic responses during isokinetic muscle actions. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2004; 14:116-27. [PMID: 15043634 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2003.00317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the responses of peak torque (PT), mean power output (MP), mechanomyographic (MMG) and electromyographic (EMG) amplitude and mean power frequency (MPF) of the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and vastus medialis (VM) in males and females during maximal, concentric isokinetic muscle actions. Subjects performed maximal leg extensions at 60 degrees s(-1), 120 degrees s(-1), 180 degrees s(-1), 240 degrees s(-1), 300 degrees s(-1), 360 degrees s(-1), 420 degrees s(-1), and 480 degrees s(-1). No gender differences were observed, but there were muscle-specific differences for the patterns of MMG MPF, EMG amplitude, and EMG MPF. The MP and MMG amplitude increased to 180-240 degrees s(-1), plateaued, and then decreased to 480 degrees s(-1). MMG MPF for the VL and VM remained unchanged to 300 degrees s(-1), but then increased to 480 degrees s(-1). The EMG amplitude for the RF and EMG MPF for the VL decreased across velocity. Overall, these findings indicated that there were muscle-specific, velocity-related differences in the associations among motor control strategies (EMG amplitude and MPF) and the mechanical aspects of isokinetic muscular activity (MMG amplitude and MPF).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Cramer
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Center for Youth Fitness and Sports Research, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0229, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kimura T, Hamada T, Massako Ueno L, Moritani T. Changes in contractile properties and neuromuscular propagation evaluated by simultaneous mechanomyogram and electromyogram during experimentally induced hypothermia. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2003; 13:433-40. [PMID: 12932417 DOI: 10.1016/s1050-6411(03)00062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined, whether or not mechanomyogram (MMG) amplitude and frequency component could reflect the contractile properties of the triceps surae muscles, composed of relatively slow soleus (SOL) and fast medial gastrocnemius (MG), during experimentally induced hypothermia condition. In eight male subjects, lying in prone position, supramaximal single twitch and repetitive electrical stimulations at 10 Hz were applied at the intramuscular temperatures of control (34 degrees C), 15, 20, and 25 degrees C, respectively. The hypothermia induced substantial reduction in muscle contractile properties, e.g. prolonged twitch contraction and half relaxation times, resulted in a highly significant reduction in the fluctuation of force signal during the repetitive stimulations. These changes were almost mirrored by the similar and significant reductions in the MMG amplitude in both SOL and MG. Power spectrum analysis revealed that peak frequency components of MMG and fluctuation of force were almost matched with the applied stimulation frequencies, independent of the temperature condition. These results strongly suggest that MMG analysis could be employed to study muscle contractile properties varying across different physiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kimura
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, The Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Adaptive changes can occur in the nervous system in response to training. Electromyography studies have indicated adaptation mechanisms that may contribute to an increased efferent neuronal outflow with training, including increases in maximal firing frequency, increased excitability and decreased presynaptic inhibition of spinal motor neurons, and downregulation of inhibitory pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Per Aagaard
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Medical Physiology, Panum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Axelson HW, Melberg A, Ronquist G, Askmark H. Microdialysis and electromyography of experimental muscle fatigue in healthy volunteers and patients with mitochondrial myopathy. Muscle Nerve 2002; 26:520-6. [PMID: 12362418 DOI: 10.1002/mus.10249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Consecutive 60-min microdialysis samples were taken from the tibial anterior muscle in 11 healthy subjects and 4 patients with mitochondrial myopathy before (2-3 samples) and after (3-4 samples, 2 controls and 1 patient excluded) sustained isometric foot dorsiflexions. Before exercise, mean concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, hypoxanthine, urate, aspartate, and glutamate did not significantly differ between controls and patients. After exercise, the controls showed significantly increased concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, and urate, decreased hypoxanthine, and no change in aspartate and glutamate. Similar findings were observed in the patients. Plasma lactate was unchanged. Exercise-induced increase in integrated electromyogram amplitude and rated subjective fatigue were correlated to increased post-exercise lactate concentrations, with no obvious difference between the groups. Microdialysis of skeletal muscle allows the detection and monitoring of biochemical changes in the interstitial space. With the exercise protocol used, however, it was not possible to demonstrate any biochemical difference between healthy controls and patients with mitochondrial myopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans W Axelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University Hospital, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|