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Wang X, Hua F, Xie X, Wu Y, Sun W, Jiang Z, Zhang J, Luo X. Infrared Raman spectroscopy enables noninvasive biochemical assessment of skin tissue and the thermal stability. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21974. [PMID: 38034814 PMCID: PMC10684364 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Raman-active modes of human skin and pork belly have been studied systematically by a near-infrared Raman spectrometer with an exciting laser of 1064 nm. The main components and quantitative determination of pork belly are extracted by fitting the Raman spectra with the normalized Raman spectra of biochemical reagents such as collagen, elastin, triolein, fibronectin, fibrin, and hyaluronic acid. It demonstrates that the main components and quantity are various at different locations of pork belly, while the main components of human skin are similar to those of pig skin. In a further step, the evolution of the heating time-dependent Raman modes of isolated pig skin has been investigated for the mechanism of burnt skin. One can find that the spatial structure and main components of skin have an excellent thermal stability in the temperature range from -120 to 200 ∘C, which is confirmed by the temperature dependent Raman spectra of isolated pig skin, microporous acellular dermal matrix (MADM) as well as their corresponding biochemical reagents (collagen, elastin, triolein, etc.). These results help understand the mechanism of the living skin burnt by fire or hot water, and supplies an alternative technology for surgeons to diagnose the depth of a burn injury in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Orthopedics & Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangqi Hua
- Department of Wound Repair, the Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Xianhai Xie
- Department of the Trauma, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yungang Wu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Orthopedics & Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxue Sun
- Hemodialysis Room, Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zipei Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinzhong Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair, the Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Xu Luo
- National Key Clinical Specialty (Wound Healing), Department of Wounds and Burns, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Hospital Emergency and Process Digitization, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Udensi J, Loughman J, Loskutova E, Byrne HJ. Raman Spectroscopy of Carotenoid Compounds for Clinical Applications-A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27249017. [PMID: 36558154 PMCID: PMC9784873 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoid compounds are ubiquitous in nature, providing the characteristic colouring of many algae, bacteria, fruits and vegetables. They are a critical component of the human diet and play a key role in human nutrition, health and disease. Therefore, the clinical importance of qualitative and quantitative carotene content analysis is increasingly recognised. In this review, the structural and optical properties of carotenoid compounds are reviewed, differentiating between those of carotenes and xanthophylls. The strong non-resonant and resonant Raman spectroscopic signatures of carotenoids are described, and advances in the use of Raman spectroscopy to identify carotenoids in biological environments are reviewed. Focus is drawn to applications in nutritional analysis, optometry and serology, based on in vitro and ex vivo measurements in skin, retina and blood, and progress towards establishing the technique in a clinical environment, as well as challenges and future perspectives, are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Udensi
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Camden Row, Dublin 8, D08 CKP1 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Eye Research, Ireland, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| | - James Loughman
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Eye Research, Ireland, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ekaterina Loskutova
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Eye Research, Ireland, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hugh J. Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Camden Row, Dublin 8, D08 CKP1 Dublin, Ireland
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Visscher M, Pleitez MA, Van Gaalen K, Nieuwenhuizen-Bakker IM, Ntziachristos V, Van Soest G. Label-free analytic histology of carotid atherosclerosis by mid-infrared optoacoustic microscopy. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 26:100354. [PMID: 35465607 PMCID: PMC9020099 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Analysis of atherosclerotic plaque composition is a vital tool for unraveling the pathological metabolic processes that contribute to plaque growth. METHODS We visualize the constitution of human carotid plaques by mid-infrared optoacoustic microscopy (MiROM), a method for label-free analytic histology that requires minimal tissue preparation, rapidly yielding large field-of-view en-face images with a resolution of a few micrometers. We imaged endarterectomy specimens (n = 3, 12 sections total) at specific vibrational modes, targeting carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Additionally, we recorded spectra at selected tissue locations. We identified correlations in the variability in this high-dimensional data set using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). RESULTS We visualized high-risk plaque features with molecular assignment. Consistent NMF components relate to different dominant tissue constituents, dominated by lipids, proteins, and cholesterol and carbohydrates respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results introduce MiROM as an innovative, stain-free, analytic histology technology for the biochemical characterization of complex human vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Visscher
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel A. Pleitez
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biological Imaging (CBI) and Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technische Universität München, München, Germany
- Corresponding author at: Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Kim Van Gaalen
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biological Imaging (CBI) and Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Gijs Van Soest
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author.
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4
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Bonito V, Koch SE, Krebber MM, Carvajal-Berrio DA, Marzi J, Duijvelshoff R, Lurier EB, Buscone S, Dekker S, de Jong SMJ, Mes T, Vaessen KRD, Brauchle EM, Bosman AW, Schenke-Layland K, Verhaar MC, Dankers PYW, Smits AIPM, Bouten CVC. Distinct Effects of Heparin and Interleukin-4 Functionalization on Macrophage Polarization and In Situ Arterial Tissue Regeneration Using Resorbable Supramolecular Vascular Grafts in Rats. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101103. [PMID: 34523263 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two of the greatest challenges for successful application of small-diameter in situ tissue-engineered vascular grafts are 1) preventing thrombus formation and 2) harnessing the inflammatory response to the graft to guide functional tissue regeneration. This study evaluates the in vivo performance of electrospun resorbable elastomeric vascular grafts, dual-functionalized with anti-thrombogenic heparin (hep) and anti-inflammatory interleukin 4 (IL-4) using a supramolecular approach. The regenerative capacity of IL-4/hep, hep-only, and bare grafts is investigated as interposition graft in the rat abdominal aorta, with follow-up at key timepoints in the healing cascade (1, 3, 7 days, and 3 months). Routine analyses are augmented with Raman microspectroscopy, in order to acquire the local molecular fingerprints of the resorbing scaffold and developing tissue. Thrombosis is found not to be a confounding factor in any of the groups. Hep-only-functionalized grafts resulted in adverse tissue remodeling, with cases of local intimal hyperplasia. This is negated with the addition of IL-4, which promoted M2 macrophage polarization and more mature neotissue formation. This study shows that with bioactive functionalization, the early inflammatory response can be modulated and affect the composition of neotissue. Nevertheless, variability between graft outcomes is observed within each group, warranting further evaluation in light of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bonito
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne E Koch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Merle M Krebber
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel A Carvajal-Berrio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Women's Health and Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, 72770, Germany
| | - Julia Marzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Women's Health and Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, 72770, Germany
| | - Renee Duijvelshoff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, van Heesweg 2, Zwolle, 8025 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Emily B Lurier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Serena Buscone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Dekker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Simone M J de Jong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Tristan Mes
- SupraPolix BV, Eindhoven, 5612 AX, The Netherlands
| | - Koen R D Vaessen
- Central Laboratory Animal Research Facility (CLARF), Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Eva M Brauchle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Women's Health and Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, 72770, Germany
| | | | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Women's Health and Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, 72770, Germany
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y W Dankers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Anthal I P M Smits
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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Sehm T, Uckermann O, Galli R, Meinhardt M, Rickelt E, Krex D, Schackert G, Kirsch M. Label-free multiphoton microscopy as a tool to investigate alterations of cerebral aneurysms. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12359. [PMID: 32704100 PMCID: PMC7378195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral aneurysms are abnormal focal dilatations of arterial vessel walls with pathological vessel structure alterations. Sudden rupture can lead to a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which is associated with a high mortality. Therefore, the origin of cerebral aneurysms as well as the progression to the point of rupture needs to be further investigated. Label-free multimodal multiphoton microscopy (MPM) was performed on resected human aneurysm domes and integrated three modalities: coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, endogenous two-photon fluorescence and second harmonic generation. We showed that MPM is a completely label-free and real-time powerful tool to detect pathognomonic histopathological changes in aneurysms, e.g. thickening and thinning of vessel walls, intimal hyperplasia, intra-wall haemorrhage, calcification as well as atherosclerotic changes. In particular, the loss or fragmentation of elastin as well as fibromatous wall remodelling appeared very distinct. Remarkably, cholesterol and lipid deposits were clearly visible in the multiphoton images. MPM provides morphological and biochemical information that are crucial for understanding the mechanisms of aneurysm formation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Sehm
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Ortrud Uckermann
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Saxony, Germany.
| | - Roberta Galli
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, , Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - Matthias Meinhardt
- Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - Elke Rickelt
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - Dietmar Krex
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - Matthias Kirsch
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
- CRTD/DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden - Cluster of Excellence, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Saxony, Germany
- Asklepios Kliniken Schildautal, Seesen, Lower Saxony, Germany
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Bec J, Shaik TA, Krafft C, Bocklitz TW, Alfonso-Garcia A, Margulies KB, Popp J, Marcu L. Investigating Origins of FLIm Contrast in Atherosclerotic Lesions Using Combined FLIm-Raman Spectroscopy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:122. [PMID: 32793637 PMCID: PMC7385056 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) is a spectroscopic imaging technique able to characterize the composition of luminal surface of arterial vessels. Studies of human coronary samples demonstrated that distinct atherosclerotic lesion types are characterized by FLIm features associate with distinct tissue molecular makeup. While conventional histology has provided indications about potential sources of molecular contrast, specific information about the origin of FLIm signals is lacking. Here we investigate whether Raman spectroscopy, a technique able to evaluate chemical content of biological samples, can provide additional insight into the origin of FLIm contrast. Methods: Six human coronary artery samples were imaged using FLIm (355 nm excitation)-Raman spectroscopy (785 nm excitation) via a multimodal fiber optic probe. The spatial distribution of molecular contrast in FLIm images was analyzed in relationship with histological findings. Raman data was investigated using an endmember technique and compared with histological findings. A descriptive modeling approach based on multivariate regression was used to identify Raman bands related with changes in lifetime in four spectral channels (violet: 387/35 nm, blue: 443/29 nm, green: 546/38 nm, and red: 628/53 nm). Results: Fluorescence lifetime variations in the violet, blue and green spectral bands were observed for distinct areas of each tissue sample associated with distinct pathologies. Analysis of Raman signals from areas associated with normal, pathological intimal thickening, and fibrocalcific regions demonstrated the presence of hydroxyapatite, collagenous proteins, carotene, cholesterol, and triglycerides. The FLIm and Raman descriptive modeling analysis indicated that lifetime increase in the violet spectral band was associated with increased presence of cholesterol and carotenes, a new finding consistent with LDL accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions, and not with collagen proteins, as expected from earlier studies. Conclusions: The systematic, quantitative analysis of the multimodal FLIm-Raman dataset using a descriptive modeling approach led to the identification of LDL accumulation as the primary source of lifetime contrast in atherosclerotic lesions in the violet spectral range. Earlier FLIm validation studies relying on histopathological findings had associated this contrast to increased collagen content, also present in advanced lesions, thus demonstrating the benefits of alternative validation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bec
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas W Bocklitz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| | - Alba Alfonso-Garcia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| | - Laura Marcu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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7
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Non-invasive functional molecular phenotyping of human smooth muscle cells utilized in cardiovascular tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2019; 89:193-205. [PMID: 30878445 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cell (SMC) diversity and plasticity are limiting factors in their characterization and application in cardiovascular tissue engineering. This work aimed to evaluate the potential of Raman microspectroscopy and Raman imaging to distinguish SMCs of different tissue origins and phenotypes. Cultured human SMCs isolated from different vascular and non-vascular tissues as well as fixed human SMC-containing tissues were analyzed. In addition, Raman spectra and images of tissue-engineered SMC constructs were acquired. Routine techniques such as qPCR, histochemistry, histological and immunocytological staining were performed for comparative gene and protein expression analysis. We identified that SMCs of different tissue origins exhibited unique spectral information that allowed a separation of all groups of origin by multivariate data analysis (MVA). We were further able to non-invasively monitor phenotypic switching in cultured SMCs and assess the impact of different culture conditions on extracellular matrix remodeling in the tissue-engineered ring constructs. Interestingly, we identified that the Raman signature of the human SMC-based ring constructs was similar to the one obtained from native aortic tissue. We conclude that Raman microspectroscopic methods are promising tools to characterize cells and define cellular and extracellular matrix components on a molecular level. In this study, in situ measurements were marker-independent, fast, and identified cellular differences that were not detectable by established routine techniques. Perspectively, Raman microspectroscopy and MVA in combination with artificial intelligence can be suitable for automated quality monitoring of (stem) cell and cell-based tissue engineering products. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The accessibility of autologous blood vessels for surgery is limited. Tissue engineering (TE) aims to develop functional vascular replacements; however, no commercially available TE vascular graft (TEVG) exists to date. One limiting factor is the availability of a well-characterized and safe cell source. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are generally used for TEVGs. To engineer a TEVG, proliferating SMCs of the synthesizing phenotype are essential, whereas functional, sustainable TEVGs require SMCs of the contractile phenotype. SMC diversity and plasticity are therefore limiting factors, also for their quality monitoring and application in TE. In this study, Raman microspectroscopy and imaging combined with machine learning tools allowed the non-destructive, marker-independent characterization of SMCs, smooth muscle tissues and TE SMC-constructs. The spectral information was specific enough to distinguish for the first time the phenotypic switching in SMCs in real-time, and monitor the impact of culture conditions on ECM remodeling in the TE SMC-constructs.
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8
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Kruglik SG, Royo F, Guigner JM, Palomo L, Seksek O, Turpin PY, Tatischeff I, Falcón-Pérez JM. Raman tweezers microspectroscopy of circa 100 nm extracellular vesicles. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:1661-1679. [PMID: 30620023 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04677h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The technique of Raman tweezers microspectroscopy (RTM) for the global biomolecular content characterization of a single extracellular vesicle (EV) or a small number of EVs or other nanoscale bioparticles in an aqueous dispersion in the difficult-to-access size range of near 100 nm is described in detail. The particularities and potential of RTM are demonstrated using the examples of DOPC liposomes, exosomes from human urine and rat hepatocytes, and a mixed sample of the transfection reagent FuGENE in diluted DNA solution. The approach of biomolecular component analysis for the estimation of the main biomolecular contributions (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carotenoids, etc.) is proposed and discussed. Direct Raman evidence for strong intra-sample biomolecular heterogeneity of individual optically trapped EVs, due to variable contributions from nucleic acids and carotenoids in some preparations, is reported. On the basis of the results obtained, we are making an attempt to convince the scientific community that RTM is a promising method of single-EV research; to our knowledge, it is the only technique available at the moment that provides unique information about the global biomolecular composition of a single vesicle or a small number of vesicles, thus being capable of unravelling the high diversity of EV subpopulations, which is one of the most significant urgent challenges to overcome. Possible RTM applications include, among others, searching for DNA biomarkers, cancer diagnosis, and discrimination between different subpopulations of EVs, lipid bodies, protein aggregates and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei G Kruglik
- Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8237, 4 place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France.
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9
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Pavlicek RL, Crane NJ, Ghebremedhin M, Cilwa KE, Elster EA. Diagnostic Bacteriology: Raman Spectroscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1616:249-261. [PMID: 28600775 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7037-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Current clinical methodology for identification of bacterial infections relies predominantly on culturing microbes from patient material and performing biochemical tests. This can often be an inefficient and lengthy process, which has a significant detrimental effect upon patient care. Techniques used in other aspects of molecular research have the potential to revolutionize the way in which diagnostic tests are used and delivered in the clinical setting. The need for rapid, accurate, and cost-effective molecular techniques in the diagnostic laboratory is imperative to improving patient care, preventing the spread of drug resistance and decreasing the overall burden associated with nosocomial infections. Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are powerful vibrational spectroscopy techniques that are being developed for highly sensitive pathogen identification in complex clinical samples. Raman spectroscopy is a molecular technique that is capable of probing samples noninvasively and nondestructively. It has been used with high specificity to assess tissue and bacterial samples at the molecular level with diverse clinical and diagnostic applications. SERS has recently developed out of the advances in the Raman spectroscopy arena. This technique is designed to amplify Raman scattering and allows for better differentiation of bacterial isolates. Although the current parameters for the use of SERS require a pure culture and are relatively monoparametric, current breakthroughs and testing are pushing the technology to new levels and thus changing the face of modern bacterial diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole J Crane
- The Department of Surgery at Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences & The Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meron Ghebremedhin
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Katherine E Cilwa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Eric A Elster
- The Department of Surgery at Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences & The Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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10
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Molony C, McIntyre J, Maguire A, Hakimjavadi R, Burtenshaw D, Casey G, Di Luca M, Hennelly B, Byrne HJ, Cahill PA. Label-free discrimination analysis of de-differentiated vascular smooth muscle cells, mesenchymal stem cells and their vascular and osteogenic progeny using vibrational spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:343-353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Karaballi RA, Merchant S, Power SR, Brosseau CL. Electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (EC-SERS) study of the interaction between protein aggregates and biomimetic membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:4513-4526. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06838g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
EC-SERS is used for the first time to characterize protein aggregate–biomembrane interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sasha R. Power
- Department of Chemistry
- Saint Mary's University
- Halifax
- Canada
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12
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You AYF, Bergholt MS, St-Pierre JP, Kit-Anan W, Pence IJ, Chester AH, Yacoub MH, Bertazzo S, Stevens MM. Raman spectroscopy imaging reveals interplay between atherosclerosis and medial calcification in the human aorta. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701156. [PMID: 29226241 PMCID: PMC5721727 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Medial calcification in the human aorta accumulates during aging and is known to be aggravated in several diseases. Atherosclerosis, another major cause of cardiovascular calcification, shares some common aggravators. However, the mechanisms of cardiovascular calcification remain poorly understood. To elucidate the relationship between medial aortic calcification and atherosclerosis, we characterized the cross-sectional distributions of the predominant minerals in aortic tissue, apatite and whitlockite, and the associated extracellular matrix. We also compared the cellular changes between atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic human aortic tissues. This was achieved through the development of Raman spectroscopy imaging methods that adapted algorithms to distinguish between the major biomolecules present within these tissues. We present a relationship between apatite, cholesterol, and triglyceride in atherosclerosis, with the relative amount of all molecules concurrently increased in the atherosclerotic plaque. Further, the increase in apatite was disproportionately large in relation to whitlockite in the aortic media directly underlying a plaque, indicating that apatite is more pathologically significant in atherosclerosis-aggravated medial calcification. We also discovered a reduction of β-carotene in the whole aortic intima, including a plaque in atherosclerotic aortic tissues compared to nonatherosclerotic tissues. This unprecedented biomolecular characterization of the aortic tissue furthers our understanding of pathological and physiological cardiovascular calcification events in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Y. F. You
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mads S. Bergholt
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jean-Philippe St-Pierre
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Worrapong Kit-Anan
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Isaac J. Pence
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Adrian H. Chester
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Harefield Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, Harefield, Middlesex UB9 6JH, UK
| | - Magdi H. Yacoub
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Harefield Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, Harefield, Middlesex UB9 6JH, UK
| | - Sergio Bertazzo
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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13
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Kuzmin AN, Pliss A, Prasad PN. Ramanomics: New Omics Disciplines Using Micro Raman Spectrometry with Biomolecular Component Analysis for Molecular Profiling of Biological Structures. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2017; 7:bios7040052. [PMID: 29140259 PMCID: PMC5746775 DOI: 10.3390/bios7040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Modern instrumentation for Raman microspectroscopy and current techniques in analysis of spectral data provide new opportunities to study molecular interactions and dynamics at subcellular levels in biological systems. Implementation of biomolecular component analysis (BCA) to microRaman spectrometry provides basis for the emergence of Ramanomics, a new biosensing discipline with unprecedented capabilities to measure concentrations of distinct biomolecular groups in live cells and organelles. Here we review the combined use of microRaman-BCA techniques to probe absolute concentrations of proteins, DNA, RNA and lipids in single organelles of live cells. Assessing biomolecular concentration profiles of organelles at the single cell level provides a physiologically relevant set of biomarkers for cellular heterogeneity. In addition, changes to an organelle's biomolecular concentration profile during a cellular transformation, whether natural, drug induced or disease manifested, can provide molecular insight into the nature of the cellular process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N Kuzmin
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000, USA.
- Advanced Cytometry Instrumentation Systems, LLC, 640 Ellicott Street-Suite 499, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
| | - Artem Pliss
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000, USA.
- Advanced Cytometry Instrumentation Systems, LLC, 640 Ellicott Street-Suite 499, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
| | - Paras N Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000, USA.
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14
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Levchenko SM, Kuzmin AN, Pliss A, Qu J, Prasad PN. Macromolecular Profiling of Organelles in Normal Diploid and Cancer Cells. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10985-10990. [PMID: 28910082 PMCID: PMC5645247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To advance an understanding of cellular regulation and function it is crucial to identify molecular contents in cellular organelles, which accommodate specific biochemical processes. Toward achievement of this goal, we applied micro-Raman-Biomolecular Component Analysis assay for molecular profiling of major organelles in live cells. We used this assay for comparative analysis of proteins 3D conformation and quantification of proteins, RNA, and lipids concentrations in nucleoli, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria of WI 38 diploid lung fibroblasts and HeLa cancer cells. Obtained data show substantial differences in the concentrations and conformations of proteins in the studied organelles. Moreover, differences in the intraorganellar concentrations of RNA and lipids between these cell lines were found. We report the biological significance of obtained macromolecular profiles and advocate for micro-Raman BCA assay as a valuable proteomics tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana M. Levchenko
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 518060
| | - Andrey N. Kuzmin
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000
- Advanced Cytometry Instrumentation Systems, LLC, 640 Ellicott Street – Suite 499, Buffalo, NY
| | - Artem Pliss
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000
- Advanced Cytometry Instrumentation Systems, LLC, 640 Ellicott Street – Suite 499, Buffalo, NY
| | - Junle Qu
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 518060
| | - Paras N. Prasad
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 518060
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000
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15
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Pielesz A, Biniaś D, Bobiński R, Sarna E, Paluch J, Waksmańska W. The role of topically applied l-ascorbic acid in ex-vivo examination of burn-injured human skin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 185:279-285. [PMID: 28591686 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wound treatment and healing is complex and is comprised of an elaborate set of processes including cellular, spectroscopic and biochemical ones as well as the "reaction" of local tissue to thermal injury. Vitamin C as l-ascorbic acid (LA) prevents injurious effects of oxidants because it reduces reactive oxygen species to stable molecules, it becomes oxidized to the short-lived ascorbyl radical. As a result, antioxidant treatment may contribute to minimizing injury in burn patients. The aim of this study is to assess changes in molecular structure of collagen extracted from human epidermis burn wound scab during incubation of the epidermis in l-ascorbic acid solution. The study will be performed using FTIR and FT Raman spectroscopies. During this research it was observed that the intensity of Raman peaks increased where healing was being modified by LA. The intensity of the amide III band at 1247cm-1 relative to the intensity at 1326cm-1 was used to test tissue repair degree at the incision site. FTIR spectra were recorded from frozen specimens of serum modified by LA; an analysis of shifts in the amide I band position was conducted. The appearance of a new band for frozen samples modified by LA was observed around 1149-1220cm-1. The above conclusions confirmed the creation of hydrogen bonds between NH stretch and CO. Samples being incubated in solutions of l-ascorbic acid demonstrated the absence of electrophoretic bands of albumin. Alterations in the surface of the skin incubated in l-ascorbic acid were investigated with the use of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). A decrease in external symptoms of burn injury was noted in the damaged epidermis incubated in l-ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pielesz
- Faculty of Materials, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
| | - Dorota Biniaś
- Faculty of Materials, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
| | - Rafał Bobiński
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
| | - Ewa Sarna
- Faculty of Materials, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
| | - Jadwiga Paluch
- Faculty of Materials, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
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16
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Feng X, Moy AJ, Nguyen HTM, Zhang J, Fox MC, Sebastian KR, Reichenberg JS, Markey MK, Tunnell JW. Raman active components of skin cancer. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:2835-2850. [PMID: 28663910 PMCID: PMC5480433 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy (RS) has shown great potential in noninvasive cancer screening. Statistically based algorithms, such as principal component analysis, are commonly employed to provide tissue classification; however, they are difficult to relate to the chemical and morphological basis of the spectroscopic features and underlying disease. As a result, we propose the first Raman biophysical model applied to in vivo skin cancer screening data. We expand upon previous models by utilizing in situ skin constituents as the building blocks, and validate the model using previous clinical screening data collected from a Raman optical fiber probe. We built an 830nm confocal Raman microscope integrated with a confocal laser-scanning microscope. Raman imaging was performed on skin sections spanning various disease states, and multivariate curve resolution (MCR) analysis was used to resolve the Raman spectra of individual in situ skin constituents. The basis spectra of the most relevant skin constituents were combined linearly to fit in vivo human skin spectra. Our results suggest collagen, elastin, keratin, cell nucleus, triolein, ceramide, melanin and water are the most important model components. We make available for download (see supplemental information) a database of Raman spectra for these eight components for others to use as a reference. Our model reveals the biochemical and structural makeup of normal, nonmelanoma and melanoma skin cancers, and precancers and paves the way for future development of this approach to noninvasive skin cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton Street C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Austin J Moy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton Street C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hieu T. M. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton Street C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jason Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton Street C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Matthew C. Fox
- Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 N IH-35 Suite C2-470, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Katherine R. Sebastian
- Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 N IH-35 Suite C2-470, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Jason S. Reichenberg
- Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 N IH-35 Suite C2-470, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Mia K. Markey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton Street C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - James W. Tunnell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton Street C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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17
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O'Malley J, Kumar R, Kuzmin AN, Pliss A, Yadav N, Balachandar S, Wang J, Attwood K, Prasad PN, Chandra D. Lipid quantification by Raman microspectroscopy as a potential biomarker in prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 397:52-60. [PMID: 28342983 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains incurable and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among American men. Therefore, detection of prostate cancer (PCa) at early stages may reduce PCa-related mortality in men. We show that lipid quantification by vibrational Raman Microspectroscopy and Biomolecular Component Analysis may serve as a potential biomarker in PCa. Transcript levels of lipogenic genes including sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and its downstream effector fatty acid synthase (FASN), and rate-limiting enzyme acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACACA) were upregulated corresponding to both Gleason score and pathologic T stage in the PRAD TCGA cohort. Increased lipid accumulation in late-stage transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) tumors compared to early-stage TRAMP and normal prostate tissues were observed. FASN along with other lipogenesis enzymes, and SREBP-1 proteins were upregulated in TRAMP tumors compared to wild-type prostatic tissues. Genetic alterations of key lipogenic genes predicted the overall patient survival using TCGA PRAD cohort. Correlation between lipid accumulation and tumor stage provides quantitative marker for PCa diagnosis. Thus, Raman spectroscopy-based lipid quantification could be a sensitive and reliable tool for PCa diagnosis and staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan O'Malley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Andrey N Kuzmin
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Artem Pliss
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Neelu Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Srimmitha Balachandar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kristopher Attwood
- Department of Biostatistics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Paras N Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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18
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Quantifying glucose and lipid components in human serum by Raman spectroscopy and multivariate statistics. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:787-795. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Liu CH, Boydston-White S, Weisberg A, Wang W, Sordillo LA, Perotte A, Tomaselli VP, Sordillo PP, Pei Z, Shi L, Alfano RR. Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque detection by resonance Raman spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:127006. [PMID: 27999865 PMCID: PMC5174785 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.12.127006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A clear correlation has been observed between the resonance Raman (RR) spectra of plaques in the aortic tunica intimal wall of a human corpse and three states of plaque evolution: fibrolipid plaques, calcified and ossified plaques, and vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques (VPs). These three states of atherosclerotic plaque lesions demonstrated unique RR molecular fingerprints from key molecules, rendering their spectra unique with respect to one another. The vibrational modes of lipids, cholesterol, carotenoids, tryptophan and heme proteins, the amide I, II, III bands, and methyl/methylene groups from the intrinsic atherosclerotic VPs in tissues were studied. The salient outcome of the investigation was demonstrating the correlation between RR measurements of VPs and the thickness measurements of fibrous caps on VPs using standard histopathology methods, an important metric in evaluating the stability of a VP. The RR results show that VPs undergo a structural change when their caps thin to 66 ?? ? m , very close to the 65 - ? m empirical medical definition of a thin cap fibroatheroma plaque, the most unstable type of VP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-hui Liu
- The City College of the City University of New York, Institute of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers, Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, 160 Convent Avenue, Room MR 201, New York, New York 10031-9101, United States
| | - Susie Boydston-White
- The City University of New York, Borough of Manhattan Community College, 199 Chambers Street, N682, New York, New York 10007-1097, United States
| | - Arel Weisberg
- Energy Research Company, 1250 South Avenue, Plainfield, New Jersey 07062, United States
| | - Wubao Wang
- The City College of the City University of New York, Institute of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers, Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, 160 Convent Avenue, Room MR 201, New York, New York 10031-9101, United States
| | - Laura A. Sordillo
- The City College of the City University of New York, Institute of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers, Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, 160 Convent Avenue, Room MR 201, New York, New York 10031-9101, United States
| | - Adler Perotte
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Informatics, 622 West 168th Street, PH20, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Vincent P. Tomaselli
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Informatics, 622 West 168th Street, PH20, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Peter P. Sordillo
- The City College of the City University of New York, Institute of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers, Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, 160 Convent Avenue, Room MR 201, New York, New York 10031-9101, United States
| | - Zhe Pei
- The City College of the City University of New York, Institute of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers, Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, 160 Convent Avenue, Room MR 201, New York, New York 10031-9101, United States
| | - Lingyan Shi
- The City College of the City University of New York, Institute of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers, Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, 160 Convent Avenue, Room MR 201, New York, New York 10031-9101, United States
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, 3000 Broadway MC 3139, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Robert R. Alfano
- The City College of the City University of New York, Institute of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers, Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, 160 Convent Avenue, Room MR 201, New York, New York 10031-9101, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Robert R. Alfano, E-mail:
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20
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Pliss A, Kuzmin AN, Kachynski AV, Baev A, Berezney R, Prasad PN. Fluctuations and synchrony of RNA synthesis in nucleoli. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 7:681-92. [PMID: 25985251 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00008d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences are synthesized at exceptionally high rates and, together with ribosomal proteins (r-proteins), are utilized as building blocks for the assembly of pre-ribosomal particles. Although it is widely acknowledged that tight regulation and coordination of rRNA and r-protein production are fundamentally important for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, still little is known about the real-time kinetics of the ribosome component synthesis in individual cells. In this communication we introduce a label-free MicroRaman spectrometric approach for monitoring rRNA synthesis in live cultured cells. Remarkably high and rapid fluctuations of rRNA production rates were revealed by this technique. Strikingly, the changes in the rRNA output were synchronous for ribosomal genes located in separate nucleoli of the same cell. Our findings call for the development of new concepts to elucidate the coordination of ribosomal components production. In this regard, numerical modeling further demonstrated that the production of rRNA and r-proteins can be coordinated, regardless of the fluctuations in rRNA synthesis. Overall, our quantitative data reveal a spectacular interplay of inherently stochastic rates of RNA synthesis and the coordination of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Pliss
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics and the Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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21
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Camp CH, Lee YJ, Cicerone MT. Quantitative, Comparable Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Spectroscopy: Correcting Errors in Phase Retrieval. JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY : JRS 2016; 47:408-415. [PMID: 28819335 PMCID: PMC5557306 DOI: 10.1002/jrs.4824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microspectroscopy has demonstrated significant potential for biological and materials imaging. To date, however, the primary mechanism of disseminating CARS spectroscopic information is through pseudocolor imagery, which explicitly neglects a vast majority of the hyperspectral data. Furthermore, current paradigms in CARS spectral processing do not lend themselves to quantitative sample-to-sample comparability. The primary limitation stems from the need to accurately measure the so-called nonresonant background (NRB) that is used to extract the chemically-sensitive Raman information from the raw spectra. Measurement of the NRB on a pixel-by-pixel basis is a nontrivial task; thus, reference NRB from glass or water are typically utilized, resulting in error between the actual and estimated amplitude and phase. In this manuscript, we present a new methodology for extracting the Raman spectral features that significantly suppresses these errors through phase detrending and scaling. Classic methods of error-correction, such as baseline detrending, are demonstrated to be inaccurate and to simply mask the underlying errors. The theoretical justification is presented by re-developing the theory of phase retrieval via the Kramers-Kronig relation, and we demonstrate that these results are also applicable to maximum entropy method-based phase retrieval. This new error-correction approach is experimentally applied to glycerol spectra and tissue images, demonstrating marked consistency between spectra obtained using different NRB estimates, and between spectra obtained on different instruments. Additionally, in order to facilitate implementation of these approaches, we have made many of the tools described herein available free for download.
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22
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Haka AS, Sue E, Zhang C, Bhardwaj P, Sterling J, Carpenter C, Leonard M, Manzoor M, Walker J, Aleman JO, Gareau D, Holt PR, Breslow JL, Zhou XK, Giri D, Morrow M, Iyengar N, Barman I, Hudis CA, Dannenberg AJ. Noninvasive Detection of Inflammatory Changes in White Adipose Tissue by Label-Free Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2140-8. [PMID: 26752499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue inflammation (WATi) has been linked to the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In addition to the obese, a substantial number of normal and overweight individuals harbor WATi, putting them at increased risk for disease. We report the first technique that has the potential to detect WATi noninvasively. Here, we used Raman spectroscopy to detect WATi with excellent accuracy in both murine and human tissues. This is a potentially significant advance over current histopathological techniques for the detection of WATi, which rely on tissue excision and, therefore, are not practical for assessing disease risk in the absence of other identifying factors. Importantly, we show that noninvasive Raman spectroscopy can diagnose WATi in mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of Raman spectroscopy to provide objective risk assessment for future cardiometabolic complications in both normal weight and overweight/obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail S Haka
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Erika Sue
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Priya Bhardwaj
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Joshua Sterling
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Cassidy Carpenter
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Madeline Leonard
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Maryem Manzoor
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jeanne Walker
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jose O Aleman
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Daniel Gareau
- Department of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Peter R Holt
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jan L Breslow
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Xi Kathy Zhou
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Dilip Giri
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Monica Morrow
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Neil Iyengar
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Clifford A Hudis
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Andrew J Dannenberg
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York 10065, United States
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23
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Smith ZJ, Lee C, Rojalin T, Carney RP, Hazari S, Knudson A, Lam K, Saari H, Ibañez EL, Viitala T, Laaksonen T, Yliperttula M, Wachsmann-Hogiu S. Single exosome study reveals subpopulations distributed among cell lines with variability related to membrane content. J Extracell Vesicles 2015; 4:28533. [PMID: 26649679 PMCID: PMC4673914 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v4.28533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current analysis of exosomes focuses primarily on bulk analysis, where exosome-to-exosome variability cannot be assessed. In this study, we used Raman spectroscopy to study the chemical composition of single exosomes. We measured spectra of individual exosomes from 8 cell lines. Cell-line-averaged spectra varied considerably, reflecting the variation in total exosomal protein, lipid, genetic, and cytosolic content. Unexpectedly, single exosomes isolated from the same cell type also exhibited high spectral variability. Subsequent spectral analysis revealed clustering of single exosomes into 4 distinct groups that were not cell-line specific. Each group contained exosomes from multiple cell lines, and most cell lines had exosomes in multiple groups. The differences between these groups are related to chemical differences primarily due to differing membrane composition. Through a principal components analysis, we identified that the major sources of spectral variation among the exosomes were in cholesterol content, relative expression of phospholipids to cholesterol, and surface protein expression. For example, exosomes derived from cancerous versus non-cancerous cell lines can be largely separated based on their relative expression of cholesterol and phospholipids. We are the first to indicate that exosome subpopulations are shared among cell types, suggesting distributed exosome functionality. The origins of these differences are likely related to the specific role of extracellular vesicle subpopulations in both normal cell function and carcinogenesis, and they may provide diagnostic potential at the single exosome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Smith
- Center for Biophotonics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Precision Mechanics and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Changwon Lee
- Center for Biophotonics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Tatu Rojalin
- Center for Biophotonics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Centre for Drug Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Randy P Carney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sidhartha Hazari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Alisha Knudson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kit Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Heikki Saari
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Centre for Drug Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa Lazaro Ibañez
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Centre for Drug Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Viitala
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Centre for Drug Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Laaksonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Centre for Drug Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo Yliperttula
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Centre for Drug Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu
- Center for Biophotonics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA;
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24
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Vascular diseases investigated ex vivo by using Raman, FT-IR and complementary methods. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:744-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Huang X, Irmak S, Lu YF, Pipinos I, Casale G, Subbiah J. Spontaneous and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy of human gastrocnemius muscle biopsies in CH-stretching region for discrimination of peripheral artery disease. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:2766-2777. [PMID: 26309742 PMCID: PMC4541506 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.002766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a common manifestation of atherosclerosis, characterized by lower leg ischemia and myopathy in association with leg dysfunction. In the present study, Spontaneous and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopic techniques in CH-stretching spectral region were evaluated for discriminating healthy and diseased tissues of human gastrocnemius biopsies of control and PAD patients. Since Raman signatures of the tissues in the fingerprint region are highly complex and CH containing moieties are dense, CH-stretching limited spectral range was used to classify the diseased tissues. A total of 181 Raman spectra from 9 patients and 122 CARS spectra from 12 patients were acquired. Due to the high dimensionality of the data in Raman and CARS measurements, principal component analysis (PCA) was first performed to reduce the dimensionality of the data (6 and 9 principal scores for Raman and CARS, respectively) in the CH-stretching region, followed by a discriminant function analysis (DFA) to classify the samples into different categories based on disease severity. The CH2 and CH3 vibrational signatures were observed in the Raman and CARS spectroscopy. Raman and CARS data in conjunction with PCA-DFA analysis were capable of differentiating healthy and PAD gastrocnemius with an accuracy of 85.6% and 78.7%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0511, USA
| | - S. Irmak
- Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726, USA
| | - Y. F. Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0511, USA
| | - I. Pipinos
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5182, USA
| | - G. Casale
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5182, USA
| | - J. Subbiah
- Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726, USA
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26
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Borges RDCF, Navarro RS, Giana HE, Tavares FG, Fernandes AB, Silveira Junior L. Detecting alterations of glucose and lipid components in human serum by near-infrared Raman spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/2446-4740.0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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Vogler N, Heuke S, Bocklitz TW, Schmitt M, Popp J. Multimodal Imaging Spectroscopy of Tissue. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2015; 8:359-87. [PMID: 26070717 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071114-040352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Advanced optical imaging technologies have experienced increased visibility in medical research, as they allow for a label-free and nondestructive investigation of tissue in either an excised state or living organisms. In addition to a multitude of ex vivo studies proving the applicability of these optical imaging approaches, a transfer of various modalities toward in vivo diagnosis is currently in progress as well. Furthermore, combining optical imaging techniques, referred to as multimodal imaging, allows for an improved diagnostic reliability due to the complementary nature of retrieved information. In this review, we provide a summary of ongoing multifold efforts in multimodal tissue imaging and focus in particular on in vivo applications for medical diagnosis. We also discuss the advantages and potential limitations of the imaging methods and outline opportunities for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Vogler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
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28
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Kuzmin AN, Pliss A, Prasad PN. Changes in Biomolecular Profile in a Single Nucleolus during Cell Fixation. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10909-16. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503172b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N. Kuzmin
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Artem Pliss
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Paras N. Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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29
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Yadav N, Pliss A, Kuzmin A, Rapali P, Sun L, Prasad P, Chandra D. Transformations of the macromolecular landscape at mitochondria during DNA-damage-induced apoptotic cell death. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1453. [PMID: 25299778 PMCID: PMC4649512 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a dynamic process regulated by mitochondrion critical for cellular respiration and survival. Execution of apoptosis is mediated by multiple protein signaling events at mitochondria. Initiation and progression of apoptosis require numerous apoptogenic factors that are either released from or sequestered in mitochondria, which may transform the biomolecular makeup of the organelle. In this communication, using Raman microspectroscopy, we demonstrate that transformation in biomolecular composition of mitochondrion may be used as apoptosis marker in an individual cell. For the first time, we show that significant changes occur in the concentrations of RNA, DNA, protein, and lipid constituents of mitochondria during apoptosis. The structural analysis of proteins on mitochondria demonstrated a decrease in α-helix secondary structure content, and an increase in the levels of random coils and β-sheets on mitochondria. This may represent an additional hallmark of apoptosis. Strikingly, we observed nearly identical changes in macromolecular content of mitochondria both in the presence and absence of a key proapoptotic protein, Bax (Bcl-2-associated X protein). Increased DNA level in mitochondria corresponded with higher mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial ROS production. Upregulation of polymerase-γ (POLG), mitochondrial helicase Twinkle, and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) in response to DNA damage correlated with increased mtDNA and RNA synthesis. Elevated activity of oxidative phosphorylation complexes supports functional mitochondrial respiration during apoptosis. Thus, we define previously unknown dynamic correlation of macromolecular structure of mitochondria and apoptosis progression in the presence and absence of Bax protein. These findings open up a new approach for monitoring physiological status of cells by non invasive single-cell method.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - A Pliss
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - A Kuzmin
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - P Rapali
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - L Sun
- 1] Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, USA [2] Gastrointestinal Division, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| | - P Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - D Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, USA
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30
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Marzec KM, Wrobel TP, Rygula A, Maslak E, Jasztal A, Fedorowicz A, Chlopicki S, Baranska M. Visualization of the biochemical markers of atherosclerotic plaque with the use of Raman, IR and AFM. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2014; 7:744-756. [PMID: 24604883 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we describe a methodology to visualize the biochemical markers of atherosclerotic plaque in cross sections of brachiocephalic arteries (BCA) taken from ApoE/LDLR(-/-) mice. The approach of the visualization of the same area of atherosclerotic plaque with the use of Raman, IR and AFM imaging enables the parallel characterisation of various features of atherosclerotic plaques. This support to the histochemical staining is utilized mainly in studies on mice models of atherosclerotic plaques, where micro and sub-micro resolutions are required. This work presents the methodology of the measurement and visualization of plaque features important for atherosclerosis development and plaques vulnerability analysis. Label-free imaging of cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, remodeled media, heme, internal elastic lamina, fibrous cap and calcification provides additional knowledge to previously presented quantitative measurements of average plaque features. AFM imaging enhanced the results obtained with the use of vibrational microspectroscopies with additional topographical information of the sample. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work which demonstrates that co-localized measurement of atherosclerotic plaque with Raman, IR and AFM imaging provides a comprehensive insight into the biochemical markers of atherosclerotic plaques, and can be used as an integrated approach to assess vulnerability of the plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Marzec
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics JCET, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
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31
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Lim L, Nichols B, Migden MR, Rajaram N, Reichenberg JS, Markey MK, Ross MI, Tunnell JW. Clinical study of noninvasive in vivo melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers using multimodal spectral diagnosis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:117003. [PMID: 25375350 PMCID: PMC4222134 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.11.117003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the diagnostic capability of a multimodal spectral diagnosis (SD) for in vivo noninvasive disease diagnosis of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers. We acquired reflectance, fluorescence, and Raman spectra from 137 lesions in 76 patients using custom-built optical fiber-based clinical systems. Biopsies of lesions were classified using standard histopathology as malignant melanoma (MM), nonmelanoma pigmented lesion (PL), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), actinic keratosis (AK), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Spectral data were analyzed using principal component analysis. Using multiple diagnostically relevant principal components, we built leave-one-out logistic regression classifiers. Classification results were compared with histopathology of the lesion. Sensitivity/specificity for classifying MM versus PL (12 versus 17 lesions) was 100%/100%, for SCC and BCC versus AK (57 versus 14 lesions) was 95%/71%, and for AK and SCC and BCC versus normal skin (71 versus 71 lesions) was 90%/85%. The best classification for nonmelanoma skin cancers required multiple modalities; however, the best melanoma classification occurred with Raman spectroscopy alone. The high diagnostic accuracy for classifying both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer lesions demonstrates the potential for SD as a clinical diagnostic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lim
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 107 W. Dean Keeton Street C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Brandon Nichols
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 107 W. Dean Keeton Street C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael R. Migden
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, 6655 Travis Street Suite 650, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Narasimhan Rajaram
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 107 W. Dean Keeton Street C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jason S. Reichenberg
- University of Texas Southwestern-Austin, Department of Dermatology, 601 E 15th Street, Austin, Texas 78701, United States
| | - Mia K. Markey
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 107 W. Dean Keeton Street C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Merrick I. Ross
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Surgical Oncology, 1400 Pressler Unit #1484, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - James W. Tunnell
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 107 W. Dean Keeton Street C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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32
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Sahu A, Dalal K, Naglot S, Aggarwal P, Murali Krishna C. Serum based diagnosis of asthma using Raman spectroscopy: an early phase pilot study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78921. [PMID: 24250817 PMCID: PMC3826756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The currently prescribed tests for asthma diagnosis require compulsory patient compliance, and are usually not sensitive to mild asthma. Development of an objective test using minimally invasive samples for diagnosing and monitoring of the response of asthma may help better management of the disease. Raman spectroscopy (RS) has previously shown potential in several biomedical applications, including pharmacology and forensics. In this study, we have explored the feasibility of detecting asthma and determining treatment response in asthma patients, through RS of serum. Serum samples from 44 asthma subjects of different grades (mild, moderate, treated severe and untreated severe) and from 15 reference subjects were subjected to Raman spectroscopic analysis and YKL-40 measurements. The force expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) values were used as gold standard and the serum YKL-40 levels were used as an additional parameter for diagnosing the different grades of asthma. For spectral acquisition, serum was placed on a calcium fluoride (CaF2) window and spectra were recorded using Raman microprobe. Mean and difference spectra comparisons indicated significant differences between asthma and reference spectra. Differences like changes in protein structure, increase in DNA specific bands and increased glycosaminoglycans-like features were more prominent with increase in asthma severity. Multivariate tools using Principal-component-analysis (PCA) and Principal-component based-linear-discriminant analysis (PC-LDA) followed by Leave-one-out-cross-validation (LOOCV), were employed for data analyses. PCA and PC-LDA results indicate separation of all asthma groups from the reference group, with minor overlap (19.4%) between reference and mild groups. No overlap was observed between the treated severe and untreated severe groups, indicating that patient response to treatment could be determined. Overall promising results were obtained, and a large scale validation study on random subjects is warranted before the routine clinical usage of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sahu
- KS-04, Chilakapati Laboratory, ACTREC, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Krishna Dalal
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarla Naglot
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Parveen Aggarwal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - C. Murali Krishna
- KS-04, Chilakapati Laboratory, ACTREC, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- * E-mail:
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33
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Pliss A, Kuzmin AN, Kachynski AV, Jiang H, Hu Z, Ren Y, Feng J, Prasad PN. Nucleolar Molecular Signature of Pluripotent Stem Cells. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3545-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303806j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artem Pliss
- Institute for Lasers,
Photonics
and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Andrey N. Kuzmin
- Institute for Lasers,
Photonics
and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Aliaksandr V. Kachynski
- Institute for Lasers,
Photonics
and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Houbo Jiang
- Department of Physiology and
Biophysics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Zhixing Hu
- Department of Physiology and
Biophysics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Yong Ren
- Department of Physiology and
Biophysics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Physiology and
Biophysics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Paras N. Prasad
- Institute for Lasers,
Photonics
and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University
at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
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Lattermann A, Matthäus C, Bergner N, Beleites C, Romeike BF, Krafft C, Brehm BR, Popp J. Characterization of atherosclerotic plaque depositions by Raman and FTIR imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2013; 6:110-121. [PMID: 23139154 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopy-based imaging techniques can provide useful biochemical information about tissue samples. Here, we employ Raman and Fourier transform infrared (IR) imaging to characterize composition and constitution of atherosclerotic plaques of rabbits, fed with a high cholesterol diet. The results were compared with conventional light microscopy after staining with hematoxylin eosin, and elastica van Gieson. The spectral unmixing algorithm vertex component analysis was applied for data analysis and image reconstruction. IR microscopy allowed for differentiation between lipids and proteins in plaques of full aortic cross sections. Raman microscopy further discriminated cholesterol esters, cholesterol and triglycerides. FTIR and Raman images were recorded at a resolution near 20 micrometer per pixel for a large field of view. High resolution Raman images at 1 micrometer per pixel revealed structural details at selected regions of interest. The intima-media and the lipid-protein ratio were determined in five specimens for quantitation. These results correlate well with histopathology. The described method is a promising tool for easy and fast molecular imaging of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Lattermann
- University Hospital-Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Clinic for Internal Medicine I, Jena, Germany
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35
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Diagnostic power of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for targeted detection of breast lesions with microcalcifications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 110:471-6. [PMID: 23267090 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1215473110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcalcifications geographically target the location of abnormalities within the breast and are of critical importance in breast cancer diagnosis. However, despite stereotactic guidance, core needle biopsy fails to retrieve microcalcifications in up to 15% of patients. Here, we introduce an approach based on diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for detection of microcalcifications that focuses on variations in optical absorption stemming from the calcified clusters and the associated cross-linking molecules. In this study, diffuse reflectance spectra are acquired ex vivo from 203 sites in fresh biopsy tissue cores from 23 patients undergoing stereotactic breast needle biopsies. By correlating the spectra with the corresponding radiographic and histologic assessment, we have developed a support vector machine-derived decision algorithm, which shows high diagnostic power (positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 97% and 88%, respectively) for diagnosis of lesions with microcalcifications. We further show that these results are robust and not due to any spurious correlations. We attribute our findings to the presence of proteins (such as elastin), and desmosine and isodesmosine cross-linkers in the microcalcifications. It is important to note that the performance of the diffuse reflectance decision algorithm is comparable to one derived from the corresponding Raman spectra, and the considerably higher intensity of the reflectance signal enables the detection of the targeted lesions in a fraction of the spectral acquisition time. Our findings create a unique landscape for spectroscopic validation of breast core needle biopsy for detection of microcalcifications that can substantially improve the likelihood of an adequate, diagnostic biopsy in the first attempt.
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36
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Calcified atherosclerotic plaque - where exactly is the calcium and what does it contain? Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12055-012-0133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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37
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Huang D, Zhang W, Zhong H, Xiong H, Guo X, Guo Z. Optical clearing of porcine skin tissue in vitro studied by Raman microspectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:015004. [PMID: 22352648 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.1.015004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In present work, we studied the effect of optical clearing on porcine skin in vitro with glycerol by Raman microspectroscopy, denoted as RM, at various time intervals of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 min respectively. The results showed that the addition of glycerol significantly improved the depth of RM measurement, and enhanced the recovery of skin tissue Raman spectra that were not overlapped with the glycerol Raman spectra over time. Moreover, it was found that the Raman signals resembled the native spectrum of the molecules in porcine skin with a negligible frequency shift. Furthermore, we evaluated the extent of optical clearing in porcine skin by utilizing various concentrations of 40%, 60%, and 80% glycerol solution. The results demonstrated that with the increase of concentration of glycerol, the optical clearing of porcine skin was much improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiu Huang
- South China Normal University, Laboratory of Photonic Chinese Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, 510631, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Identification of motor and sensory fascicles in peripheral nerve trunk using immunohistochemistry and micro-Raman spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 71:1246-51. [PMID: 22071926 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e31822503a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore a time-efficient method of identifying motor and sensory fascicles in peripheral nerve trunk. METHODS Thirty Wistar rats were selected to obtain whole spine. The spinal dorsal roots and ventral roots, and sciatic nerve were harvested as sensor, motor, and mixed samples, annexin V and agrin specificities were observed with Western blot and immunohistochemistry. A total of 32 New Zealand rabbits were selected and killed. The roots of spinal nerves were exposed under an operating microscope, and the ventral and dorsal roots, ∼3 mm to 5 mm, were dissociated, and frozen as transverse sections of 30-μm thickness. The sections were examined by micro-Raman spectroscopy. RESULTS The annexin V and agrin were special substances of sensory and motor nerves, respectively, and can act as specific antigens for identifying different nerve fascicles. Sections of the same type of nerve fascicles showed reproducibility with similar spectral features. Significant differences in the spectral properties, such as the intensity and breadth of the peak, were found between motor and sensory fascicles in the frequency regions of 1,088 cm(-1), 1,276 cm(-1), 1,439 cm(-1), 1,579 cm(-1), and 1,659 cm(-1). With the peak intensity ratio of 1.06 (I(1276)/I(1439)) as a standard, we could identify motor fascicles with a sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 94%, positive predictive value of 93%, and negative predictive value of 88%. In the range of 2,700 cm(-1) to 3,500 cm(-1), the half-peak width of the motor fascicles was narrow and sharp, whereas that of the sensory fascicles was relatively wider. A total of 91% of the peak features were in accordance with the identification standard. CONCLUSION Motor and sensory fascicles exhibit different characteristics in Raman spectra, which are constant and reliable. Therefore, it is more effective than immunohistochemistry method in identifying different nerve fascicles according to the specific spectrum, and it possesses feasibility for clinical application.
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Park J, Pande P, Shrestha S, Clubb F, Applegate BE, Jo JA. Biochemical characterization of atherosclerotic plaques by endogenous multispectral fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Atherosclerosis 2011; 220:394-401. [PMID: 22138141 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential of endogenous multispectral fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) for biochemical characterization of human coronary atherosclerotic plaques. METHODS Endogenous multispectral FLIM imaging was performed on the lumen of 58 segments of postmortem human coronary artery. The fluorescence was separated into three emission bands targeting the three main arterial endogenous fluorophores (390±20 nm for collagen, 452±22.5 nm for elastin, and 550±20 for lipids). The fluorescence normalized intensity and average lifetime from each emission band was used to classify each pixel of an image as either "High-Collagen", "High-Lipids" or "Low-Collagen/Lipids" via multiclass Fisher's linear discriminant analysis. RESULTS Classification of plaques as either "High-Collagen", "High-Lipids" or "Low-Collagen/Lipids" based on the endogenous multispectral FLIM was achieved with a sensitivity/specificity of 96/98%, 89/99%, and 99/99%, respectively, where histopathology served as the gold standard. CONCLUSION The endogenous multispectral FLIM approach we have taken, which can readily be adapted for in vivo intravascular catheter based imaging, is capable of reliably identifying plaques with high content of either collagen or lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesung Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5045 emerging Technology Building, College Station, TX 77843, United States
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Goldberg JS. Atherosclerosis: Viewing the Problem from a Different Perspective Including Possible Treatment Options. Lipid Insights 2011. [DOI: 10.4137/lpi.s7912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes that atherosclerosis is initiated by a signaling event that deposits calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca-HAP). This event is preceded by a loss of mechanical structure in the arterial wall. After Ca-HAP has been deposited, it is unlikely that it will be reabsorbed because the solubility product constant (Ksp) is very small, and the large stores of Ca+2 and PO4−3 in the bones oppose any attempts to dissolve Ca-HAP by decreasing the common ions. The hydroxide ion (OH–) of Ca-HAP can be displaced in nature by fluoride (F–) and carbonate (CO3−2) ions, and it is proposed that anions associated with cholesterol ester hydrolysis and, in very small quantities, the enolate of 7-ketocholesterol could also displace the OH– of Ca-HAP, forming an ionic bond. The free energy of hydration of Ca-HAP at 310 K is most likely negative, and the ionic radii of the anions associated with the hydrolysis of cholesterol ester are compatible with the substitution. Furthermore, examination of the pathology of atherosclerotic lesions by Raman and NMR spectroscopy and confocal microscopy supports deposition of Ca-HAP associated with cholesterol. Investigating the affinity of intermediates of cholesterol hydrolysis for Ca-HAP compared to lipoproteins such as HDL, LDL, and VLDL using isothermic titration calorimetry could add proof of this concept and may lead to the development of a new class of medications targeted at the deposition of cholesterol within Ca-HAP. Treatment of acute ischemic events as a consequence of atherosclerosis with denitrogenation and oxygenation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel S. Goldberg
- Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Duke University School of Medicine, 508 Fulton Street, Durham, NC 27705
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Lim RS, Suhalim JL, Miyazaki-Anzai S, Miyazaki M, Levi M, Potma EO, Tromberg BJ. Identification of cholesterol crystals in plaques of atherosclerotic mice using hyperspectral CARS imaging. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:2177-2186. [PMID: 21949051 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m018077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of lipids, including cholesterol, in the arterial wall plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Although several advances have been made in the detection and imaging of these lipid structures in plaque lesions, their morphology and composition have yet to be fully elucidated, particularly in different animal models of disease. To address this issue, we analyzed lipid morphology and composition in the atherosclerotic plaques of two animal models of disease, the low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLR(-/-)) mouse and the ApoE lipoprotein-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mouse, utilizing hyperspectral coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy in combination with principal component analysis (PCA). Hyperspectral CARS imaging revealed lipid-rich macrophage cells and condensed needle-shaped and plate-shaped lipid crystal structures in both mice. Spectral analysis with PCA and comparison to spectra of pure cholesterol and cholesteryl ester derivatives further revealed these lipid structures to be pure cholesterol crystals, which were predominantly observed in the ApoE(-/-) mouse model. These results illustrate the ability of hyperspectral CARS imaging in combination with multivariate analysis to characterize atherosclerotic lipid morphology and composition with chemical specificity, and consequently, provide new insight into the formation of cholesterol crystal structures in atherosclerotic plaque lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Lim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA; Laser Microbeam and Medical Program (LAMMP), University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Jeffrey L Suhalim
- Laser Microbeam and Medical Program (LAMMP), University of California, Irvine, CA; Beckman Laser Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA and
| | - Shinobu Miyazaki-Anzai
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Makoto Miyazaki
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Moshe Levi
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Eric O Potma
- Laser Microbeam and Medical Program (LAMMP), University of California, Irvine, CA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA and; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA; and
| | - Bruce J Tromberg
- Laser Microbeam and Medical Program (LAMMP), University of California, Irvine, CA; Beckman Laser Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA and.
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Classification model based on Raman spectra of selected morphological and biochemical tissue constituents for identification of atherosclerosis in human coronary arteries. Lasers Med Sci 2011; 26:645-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-011-0908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pliss A, Kuzmin AN, Kachynski AV, Prasad PN. Nonlinear optical imaging and Raman microspectrometry of the cell nucleus throughout the cell cycle. Biophys J 2011; 99:3483-91. [PMID: 21081098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamental understanding of cellular processes at molecular level is of considerable importance in cell biology as well as in biomedical disciplines for early diagnosis of infection and cancer diseases, and for developing new molecular medicine-based therapies. Modern biophotonics offers exclusive capabilities to obtain information on molecular composition, organization, and dynamics in a cell by utilizing a combination of optical spectroscopy and optical imaging. We introduce here a combination of Raman microspectrometry, together with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) nonlinear optical microscopy, to study macromolecular organization of the nucleus throughout the cell cycle. Site-specific concentrations of proteins, DNA, RNA, and lipids were determined in nucleoli, nucleoplasmic transcription sites, nuclear speckles, constitutive heterochromatin domains, mitotic chromosomes, and extrachromosomal regions of mitotic cells by quantitative confocal Raman microspectrometry. A surprising finding, obtained in our study, is that the local concentration of proteins does not increase during DNA compaction. We also demonstrate that postmitotic DNA decondensation is a gradual process, continuing for several hours. The quantitative Raman spectroscopic analysis was corroborated with CARS/TPEF multimodal imaging to visualize the distribution of protein, DNA, RNA, and lipid macromolecules throughout the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Pliss
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Haka AS, Kramer JR, Dasari RR, Fitzmaurice M. Mechanism of ceroid formation in atherosclerotic plaque: in situ studies using a combination of Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:011011. [PMID: 21280898 PMCID: PMC3041153 DOI: 10.1117/1.3524304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of the lipid-protein complex ceroid is a characteristic of atherosclerotic plaque. The mechanism of ceroid formation has been extensively studied, because the complex is postulated to contribute to plaque irreversibility. Despite intensive research, ceroid deposits are defined through their fluorescence and histochemical staining properties, while their composition remains unknown. Using Raman and fluorescence spectral microscopy, we examine the composition of ceroid in situ in aorta and coronary artery plaque. The synergy of these two types of spectroscopy allows for identification of ceroid via its fluorescence signature and elucidation of its chemical composition through the acquisition of a Raman spectrum. In accordance with in vitro predictions, low density lipoprotein (LDL) appears within the deposits primarily in its peroxidized form. The main forms of modified LDL detected in both coronary artery and aortic plaques are peroxidation products from the Fenton reaction and myeloperoxidase-hypochlorite pathway. These two peroxidation products occur in similar concentrations within the deposits and represent ∼40 and 30% of the total LDL (native and peroxidized) in the aorta and coronary artery deposits, respectively. To our knowledge, this study is the first to successfully employ Raman spectroscopy to unravel a metabolic pathway involved in disease pathogenesis: the formation of ceroid in atherosclerotic plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail S Haka
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Sćepanović OR, Fitzmaurice M, Miller A, Kong CR, Volynskaya Z, Dasari RR, Kramer JR, Feld MS. Multimodal spectroscopy detects features of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:011009. [PMID: 21280896 PMCID: PMC3041241 DOI: 10.1117/1.3525287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Early detection and treatment of rupture-prone vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques is critical to reducing patient mortality associated with cardiovascular disease. The combination of reflectance, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy-termed multimodal spectroscopy (MMS)-provides detailed biochemical information about tissue and can detect vulnerable plaque features: thin fibrous cap (TFC), necrotic core (NC), superficial foam cells (SFC), and thrombus. Ex vivo MMS spectra are collected from 12 patients that underwent carotid endarterectomy or femoral bypass surgery. Data are collected by means of a unitary MMS optical fiber probe and a portable clinical instrument. Blinded histopathological analysis is used to assess the vulnerability of each spectrally evaluated artery lesion. Modeling of the ex vivo MMS spectra produce objective parameters that correlate with the presence of vulnerable plaque features: TFC with fluorescence parameters indicative of collagen presence; NC∕SFC with a combination of diffuse reflectance β-carotene∕ceroid absorption and the Raman spectral signature of lipids; and thrombus with its Raman signature. Using these parameters, suspected vulnerable plaques can be detected with a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 72%. These encouraging results warrant the continued development of MMS as a catheter-based clinical diagnostic technique for early detection of vulnerable plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obrad R Sćepanović
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, George R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Kim DH, Jarvis RM, Allwood JW, Batman G, Moore RE, Marsden-Edwards E, Hampson L, Hampson IN, Goodacre R. Raman chemical mapping reveals site of action of HIV protease inhibitors in HPV16 E6 expressing cervical carcinoma cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:3051-61. [PMID: 20957472 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that the HIV protease inhibitors indinavir and lopinavir may have activity against the human papilloma virus (HPV) type 16 inhibiting HPV E6-mediated proteasomal degradation of p53 in cultured cervical carcinoma cells. However, their mode and site of action is unknown. HPV-negative C33A cervical carcinoma cells and the same cells stably transfected with E6 (C33AE6) were exposed to indinavir and lopinavir at concentrations of 1 mM and 30 μM, respectively. The intracellular distribution of metabolites and metabolic changes induced by these treatments were investigated by Raman microspectroscopic imaging combined with the analysis of cell fractionation products by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). A uniform cellular distribution of proteins was found in drug-treated cells irrespective of cell type. Indinavir was observed to co-localise with nucleic acid in the nucleus, but only in E6 expressing cells. Principal components analysis (PCA) score maps generated on the full Raman hypercube and the corresponding PCA loadings plots revealed that the majority of metabolic variations influenced by the drug exposure within the cells were associated with changes in nucleic acids. Analysis of cell fractionation products by LC-MS confirmed that the level of indinavir in nuclear extracts was approximately eight-fold greater than in the cytoplasm. These data demonstrate that indinavir undergoes enhanced nuclear accumulation in E6-expressing cells, which suggests that this is the most likely site of action for this compound against HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyun Kim
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
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Wu B, Mu C, Zhang G, Lin W. Effects of Cr3+ on the structure of collagen fiber. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:11905-10. [PMID: 19603768 DOI: 10.1021/la901577j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of Cr3+ on the hierarchical structure of pigskin collagen fibers by use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), confocal laser micro-Raman spectroscopy (CLRS), and circular dichroism (CD). Our results demonstrate that the introduction of Cr3+ leads to the formation of a cluster of 20-40 nm between collagen fibrils, while the unique axial periodic structure (D periodicity) of the fibrils does not change. As the Cr3+ concentration increases, the order of intermolecular lateral packing, crystallite structure within helical chains, and N and C telopeptide regions decrease. The present study reveals that Cr3+ only cross-links with collagen but does not disrupt its triple helical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Hsu THS, Lin SY, Lin CC, Cheng WT, Li MJ. Spectral diagnosis and analysis of a superior vesical artery calcification. UROLOGICAL RESEARCH 2009; 37:253-256. [PMID: 19533114 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-009-0204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A case of urinary vessel calcification was detected incidentally in pelvic cavity of a 59-year-old man by computed tomography. The silver reticulin, actin, and hematoxylin and eosin stains were applied to diagnose the feature of vessel and confirmed that the vessel was the vesical artery. To our knowledge, this is the first report to find out the obliteration of superior vesical artery caused by calcified deposit. The calcified deposit in superior vesical artery was qualitatively identified to consist of hydroxyapatite, cholesterol and beta-carotene by Fourier transform infrared and Raman microspectroscopies, in which A-type carbonated apatite was a predominate component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Hueih-Shing Hsu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Lotung Pohai Hospital, Ilan, Taiwan
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Synytsya A, Alexa P, Besserer J, De Boer J, Froschauer S, Gerlach R, Loewe M, Moosburger M, Obstová I, Quicken P, Sosna B, Volka K, Würkner M. Raman spectroscopy of tissue samples irradiated by protons. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 80:581-91. [PMID: 15370970 DOI: 10.1080/09553000412331283515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since the number of cancer patients treated by proton irradiation has increased in the last few years, it seems appropriate to study dose-dependent effects of proton irradiation on mammalian tissues in more detail. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue samples of normal skin of mouse and swine, of a human tumour model xenograph, and of normal skin and a skin tumour (basal cell carcinoma) of a human patient of about 1 mm thickness were irradiated by 24 MeV protons (uniform delivered doses of 1, 7 and 50 Gy: skin of mouse and a human tumour model xenograph, and 0.5, 5 and 50 Gy: swine and human skin). Raman spectra of non-irradiated and irradiated samples were recorded and analysed. RESULTS Amide I, P=O and C-O bond vibrations and aromatics were sensitive to the proton irradiation dose. In the C-H stretching region, the irradiation-mediated change of Raman spectra was significant only in the case of the skin tumour. CONCLUSIONS It has been shown that Raman spectroscopy is suited to assess the radiation damage done to biological samples by protons. Proteins of the human skin tumour seem to be more sensitive to proton irradiation than proteins of normal human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Synytsya
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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In vivo molecular evaluation of guinea pig skin incisions healing after surgical suture and laser tissue welding using Raman spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2009; 96:178-83. [PMID: 19581109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The healing process in guinea pig skin following surgical incisions was evaluated at the molecular level, in vivo, by the use of Raman spectroscopy. After the incisions were closed either by suturing or by laser tissue welding (LTW), differences in the respective Raman spectra were identified. The study determined that the ratio of the Raman peaks of the amide III (1247 cm(-1)) band to a peak at 1326 cm(-1) (the superposition of elastin and keratin bands) can be used to evaluate the progression of wound healing. Conformational changes in the amide I band (1633-1682 cm(-1)) and spectrum changes in the range of 1450-1520 cm(-1) were observed in LTW and sutured skin. The stages of the healing process of the guinea pig skin following LTW and suturing were evaluated by Raman spectroscopy, using histopathology as the gold standard. LTW skin demonstrated better healing than sutured skin, exhibiting minimal hyperkeratosis, minimal collagen deposition, near-normal surface contour, and minimal loss of dermal appendages. A wavelet decomposition-reconstruction baseline correction algorithm was employed to remove the fluorescence wing from the Raman spectra.
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