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Harden CW, Caterino MS. Systematics and biogeography of Appalachian Anillini, and a taxonomic review of the species of South Carolina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae, Anillini). Zookeys 2024; 1209:69-197. [PMID: 39175833 PMCID: PMC11336398 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1209.125897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In the eastern United States, 74 species of Anillini in two genera have been described, with most belonging to Anillinus Casey. Until now, no systematic framework has existed for this large genus, hampering integrative studies. Using DNA sequences from 101 Nearctic species, we present a well-resolved molecular phylogeny supporting a sound systematic framework. Sixteen species groups of Appalachian Anillinus are diagnosed, in part using newly recognized variation in the number of modified male protarsi and the state of the spermathecal duct. We present the first descriptions of Nearctic anilline larvae, which possess none of the synapomorphies of previously described anilline larvae. Within Anillinus, two major clades are mostly consistent with setation of the right paramere: a "hairy clade" with more than four setae, and a "quadrisetose clade." Throughout the phylogeny, microhabitat use varies within each clade, and several endogean lineages are phylogenetically isolated. Our work increases the South Carolina fauna by nearly five-fold. Nine new species are described, Serranillusmonadnock sp. nov., Anillinuscastaneus sp. nov., Anillinuschoestoea sp. nov., Anillinusdentatus sp. nov., Anillinusjancae sp. nov., Anillinusmica sp. nov., Anillinusmicamicus sp. nov., Anillinusseneca sp. nov., and Anillinussimplex sp. nov. Several species are newly reported from South Carolina, bringing the total to 20 described species representing seven species groups. Two endemic groups inhabit deep clay soils in the Piedmont and possess unique male sexual characters. The Anillini are a unique component of Nearctic biodiversity, with great potential as a model system for studies of biogeography, secondary male sexual modification, and endogean adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt W. Harden
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 277 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USAClemson UniversityClemsonUnited States of America
| | - Michael S. Caterino
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 277 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USAClemson UniversityClemsonUnited States of America
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2
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Gonzlez CR, Saldarriaga-Cordoba M, Aguilera O, Miranda-Esquivel DR. Coenura Bigot as a valid genus: A molecular and morphological phylogenetic analysis of Pelecorhynchus Macquart sensu lato (Diptera: Pelecorhynchidae). Zootaxa 2023; 5383:297-324. [PMID: 38221247 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5383.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The phylogeny of the genus Pelecorhynchus Macquart (Diptera: Pelecorhynchidae) was analyzed using three genes, cytochrome oxidase I, 28S ribosomal DNA, and CAD5, with 112 morphological characteristics. A total of 59 specimens (13 outgroups and 46 ingroups) were included in the analysis. The monophyly of Pelecorhynchidae was recovered under all analyses, with Glutops Burgess as the sister group of Pelecorhynchus s.l., while Pseudoerinna jonesi (Cresson) was the sister group. Within Pelecorhynchus there are three main clades with unresolved affinities. Clade I was formed by P. personatus (Walker), P. vulpes (Macquart), P. penai Pechuman and P. kroeberi (Lindner), a well-supported clade. Clade II corresponds to the set of species of Chilean Pelecorhynchus, conformed to P. biguttatus (Philippi), P. toltensis Llanos & Gonzlez, P. elegans (Philippi), P. xanthopleura (Philippi), P. hualqui Llanos & Gonzlez, and P. longicauda (Bigot), a well-supported clade. Clade III is represented exclusively by P. fulvus Ricardo, which has an exclusively Australian distribution. The monophyly of P. fulvus and its nomenclature remain an open question, as only a single species of this taxon was included. Our study demonstrated that the concept of Pelecorhynchus should be revisited. Therefore, we restore Coenura Bigot, 1857 to generic status for part of the southern South American species of Pelecorhynchus conformed by the species C. biguttata, C. elegans, C. hualqui, C. longicauda, C. toltensis, and C. xanthopleura which are monophyletic, supported by molecular and morphological data, and consistent with a Chilean distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R Gonzlez
- Instituto de Entomologa; Facultad de Ciencias Bsicas; Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educacin; Santiago; Chile.
| | - Mnica Saldarriaga-Cordoba
- Centro de Investigacin en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad; Universidad Bernardo OHiggins; Santiago; Chile.
| | - Omayra Aguilera
- Centro de Investigacin en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad; Universidad Bernardo OHiggins; Santiago; Chile.
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Guo S, Chen J, Song N. Phylogenomic analysis of Syrphoidea (Diptera: Syrphidae, Pipunculidae) based on the expanded mitogenomic data. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 114:1-13. [PMID: 36597178 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome has become the most widely used genomic resource in resolving the insect phylogenetic relationships. In this study, we assess the interrelationships among the syrphid and pipunculid members of Syrphoidea using mitochondrial genome sequences of 152 taxa, 9 of which are newly reported and three are assembled from the existing transcriptome data. The Pipunculidae was found to be deeply nested members of Schizophora, which resulted in a nonmonophyletic Syrphoidea. In the monophyletic Syrphidae, unequivocal robust support was found for Microdontinae as the sister group of all other Syrphidae. The subfamily Eristalinae was nonmonophyletic. The Pipizinae was recovered as the sister group to the Syrphinae, albeit with strong support. As a whole, our results are concord with previously established hypotheses on Syrphoidea from the genome scale data. The mitochondrial genomes were successful in producing a robustly supported phylogenetic framework for the Syrphoidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibao Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agronomy,Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Junhua Chen
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agronomy,Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Nan Song
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Gisondi S, Buenaventura E, Jensen AR, Stireman JO, Nihei SS, Pape T, Cerretti P. Phylogenetic relationships of the woodlouse flies (Diptera: Rhinophorinae) and the cluster flies (Diptera: Polleniidae). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285855. [PMID: 37725599 PMCID: PMC10508628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships within the oestroid subclades Rhinophorinae (Calliphoridae) and Polleniidae were reconstructed for the first time, applying a Sanger sequencing approach using the two protein-coding nuclear markers CAD (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase; 1794 bp) and MCS (molybdenum cofactor sulfurase; 2078 bp). Three genera of Polleniidae and nineteen genera of Rhinophorinae were analyzed together with a selection of taxa representing the major lineages of Oestroidea (non-rhinophorine Calliphoridae, Oestridae, Sarcophagidae, Tachinidae). The selected markers provide good resolution and moderate to strong support of the distal branches, but weak support for several deeper nodes. Polleniidae (cluster flies) emerge as monophyletic and their sister-group relationship to Tachinidae is confirmed. Morinia Robineau-Desvoidy as currently circumscribed emerges as paraphyletic with regard to Melanodexia Williston, and Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy is the sister taxon of the Morinia-Melanodexia clade. We propose a classification with two subfamilies, Moriniinae Townsend (including Morinia, Melanodexia, and Alvamaja Rognes), and Polleniinae Brauer & Bergenstamm (including Pollenia, Dexopollenia Townsend, and Xanthotryxus Aldrich). Anthracomyza Malloch and Nesodexia Villeneuve are considered as Oestroidea incertae sedis pending further study. Rhinophorinae (woodlouse flies) emerge as monophyletic and sister to a clade composed of (Ameniinae + (Ameniinae + Phumosiinae)), and a tribal classification is proposed with the subfamily divided into Rhinophorini Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 and Phytonini Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 (the Stevenia-group and the Phyto-group of authors, respectively). Oxytachina Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891, stat. rev. is resurrected to contain nine Afrotropical rhinophorine species currently assigned to genus Rhinomorinia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891: Oxytachina approximata (Crosskey, 1977) comb. nov., O. atra (Bischof, 1904) comb. nov., O. bisetosa (Crosskey, 1977) comb. nov., O. capensis (Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893) comb. nov., O. scutellata (Crosskey, 1977) comb. nov., O. setitibia (Crosskey, 1977) comb. nov., O. verticalis (Crosskey, 1977) comb. nov., O. vittata Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891, and O. xanthocephala (Bezzi, 1908) comb. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gisondi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies ‘Charles Darwin’, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eliana Buenaventura
- Grupo de Entomología Universidad de Antioquia – GEUA, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Arn Rytter Jensen
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies ‘Charles Darwin’, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John O. Stireman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Silvio S. Nihei
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thomas Pape
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierfilippo Cerretti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies ‘Charles Darwin’, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Museo di Zoologia, Polo Museale Sapienza, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Gao Y, Ge Y, Yan L, Vikhrev NE, Wang Q, Butterworth NJ, Zhang D. Phylogenetic Analyses Support the Monophyly of the Genus Lispe Latreille (Diptera: Muscidae) with Insights into Intrageneric Relationships. INSECTS 2022; 13:1015. [PMID: 36354839 PMCID: PMC9697789 DOI: 10.3390/insects13111015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lispe Latreille (Diptera: Muscidae) are a widespread group of predatory flies that inhabit semi-aquatic environments. Previous studies on this genus have mainly focused on morphological classification, so molecular data are entirely lacking, and there has been no attempt at a phylogenetic placement of the genus or the resolution of intragenic relationships. To address the phylogenetic placement of Lispe and to fill its gap in the Tree of Life Web Project, 58 Lispe spp. (covering 11 out of 13 acknowledged Lispe species groups) were selected to reconstruct a phylogeny using Maximum likelihood (ML) estimates, Maximum Parsimony (MP) analyses, and Bayesian inference (BI) based on two mitochondrial protein-coding genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COXI) and cytochrome b gene (CYTB)) and one nuclear gene (a fragment of the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase region of the CAD gene). The phylogenetic analyses indicated that the monophyletic Lispe is the sister group of the monophyletic Limnophora, together forming the tribe Limnophorini under the subfamily Coenosiinae. Three generic categories are proven obsolete: Chaetolispa Malloch, Lispacoenosia Snyder, and Xenolispa Malloch. Within the genus, the validity of 11 species groups is clarified by both molecular and morphological data. This study provides a sound basis for continuing intergeneric and intrageneric research into this fascinating and widespread genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Gao
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingqiang Ge
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liping Yan
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nikita E. Vikhrev
- Zoological Museum of Moscow University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya 6, Moscow 125009, Russia
| | - Qike Wang
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Dong Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Kodama A, Maruta R, Saito H, Kawai K. Molecular phylogeny of Japanese marine Tanytarsini chironomids (Chironomidae: Chironominae). Genetica 2022; 150:263-272. [PMID: 35962912 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-022-00163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tanytarsini is a large tribe of Chironomidae with at least 11 recorded marine species grouped in three genera. In this study, we performed a phylogenic analysis using molecular data from 13 Tanytarsini genera, including all Japanese marine species in a large tribe of Chironominae, to estimate their phylogenetic positions and evolutionary history. The phylogenetic reconstruction grouped the marine species in two clades. One clade was composed of five marine Tanytarsus and two marine Pontomyia species within a larger clade of Tanytarsus. Pontomyia is considered to have morphologically specialized and adapted to marine environments by rapid evolution, although it formed a clade with Tanytarsus. The only one species of Tanytarsus, T. pelagicus, clustered as a member of the second clade, which was mainly composed by species of the genus Paratanytarsus. Thus, we redescribe T. pelagicus as Paratanytarsus pelagicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuya Kodama
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Japan
| | - Rion Maruta
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Saito
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kawai
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Japan.
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7
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Soliman SM, Attia MM, Al-Harbi MS, Saad AM, El-Saadony MT, Salem HM. Low host specificity of Hippobosca equina infestation in different domestic animals and pigeon. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2112-2120. [PMID: 35531248 PMCID: PMC9072928 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to highlight the low host specificity of Hippobosca equina (H. equina) that poses a danger in diseases transmission between different animal species as well as, identification of the collected flies using light microscope and molecular characterization of H. equina in Egypt. Two hundred and forty flies were collected weekly from different animal species from El-Faiyum, Al Qalyubia and Kafr El-Sheikh Governorates, Egypt at the period from May to September of 2020. Insects were phenotypically and genetically identified then classified into 170 (70.8%) males and 70 (29.2%) females. The highest prevalence of H. equina was noticed from mid-June to the end of August. The sequencing of COI gene of five H. equina fly collected from different hosts as (horse, pigeon, cattle, buffalo, and donkey) were submitted to the GenBank under the accession numbers of MZ452239, MZ452240, MZ461943, MZ461944, and MZ461945, respectively. For insect infestation control, fipronil and deltamethrin is monthly sprayed for animals, birds and their circumference give a best result in our control study in the field. Deltamethrin showed a success in the elimination process and control measures of external parasites of pigeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soliman M. Soliman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
| | - Marwa M. Attia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammad S. Al-Harbi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Saad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
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8
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OUP accepted manuscript. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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9
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Motamedinia B, Skevington JH, Kelso S, Kehlmaier C. The first comprehensive, multigene molecular phylogeny for big-headed flies (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Pipunculidae (Diptera) is inferred from analyses of 6963 bp of DNA sequence data from the following five loci: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), cytochrome b (Cytb), 12S ribosomal DNA, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase region of CAD (CAD) and alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AATS). The monophyly of Pipunculidae and most known subfamilies, including Chalarinae, Nephrocerinae, Pipunculinae and Protonephrocerinae, are well supported, as are most existing generic concepts. Molecular analysis reveals that Nephrocerinae, either with or without Protonephrocerinae, depending on analytical method, is sister to the rest of the family. Within Pipunculinae, Cephalopsini is synonymized with Pipunculini (synon. nov.) and Eudorylini with Tomosvaryellini (synon. nov.), leaving Pipunculinae with three tribes: Microcephalopsini, Pipunculini and Tomosvaryellini. Jassidophaga is proposed as a synonym of Verrallia (synon. nov.). Beckerias, Cephalops s.s., Cephalosphaera s.s., Neocephalosphaera, Parabeckerias and Semicephalops are all raised to generic status (stat. nov.). Eudorylas fusculus and E. vineti are transferred to Clistoabdominalis (comb. nov.) and Clistoabdominalis ruralis and C. doczkali to Eudorylas (comb. nov.). We provide evidence for four new genera of Pipunculidae, one of which is described herein (Tricosus gen. nov.; Australia: New South Wales, contains two new combinations, Tricosus cyclohirtus and Tricosus anorhaebus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Motamedinia
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
- Plant Protection Research Department, South Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Birjand, Iran
| | - Jeffrey H Skevington
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
- Carleton University, Biology Department, 207 Nesbitt Biology Building, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Scott Kelso
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Christian Kehlmaier
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Museum of Zoology, Königsbrücker Landstrasse 159, 01109 Dresden, Germany
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Percara A, Quiroga MA, Beldomenico PM, Monje LD. Genetic diversity and geographic distribution of parasitic flies of the Philornis torquans complex in Argentina. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 35:567-579. [PMID: 34129691 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Philornis Meinert 1890 (Diptera: Muscidae) is a genus of flies that parasitize birds in the Neotropical region. The characteristics of the host-parasite interactions and its consequences may depend on the Philornis species involved, and thus precise identification of these parasites is crucial for the interpretation of ecological and epidemiological studies. However, morphological identification of Argentine Philornis species is elusive while molecular evidence points towards the existence of a complex of cryptic species or lineages undergoing a speciation process, which were named the 'Philornis torquans complex'. Herein the authors extended the current knowledge on the systematics and biogeography of parasitic Philornis flies from Argentina, analysing samples collected in several ecoregions, including the Atlantic Forest, Iberá Wetlands, Open Fields and Grasslands, Espinal, Pampa, Dry Chaco, Humid Chaco, Delta and Paraná River Islands, Monte of Plains and Plateaus. The results of the present study strengthen the evidence on previously described Philornis genotypes using four genetic markers (ITS2, COI, ND6, 12S rRNA). The authors report new patterns of occurrence and describe the presence of a novel genotype of subcutaneous Philornis. In addition, the present study unveils ecological niche differences among genotypes of the Philornis torquans complex in southern South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Percara
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Argentina
| | - M A Quiroga
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Argentina
- The Peregrine Fund, Boise, ID, U.S.A
- Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - P M Beldomenico
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNL, Esperanza, Argentina
| | - L D Monje
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Ferro GB, Skevington JH, Marshall SA, Kelso S. Systematic relationships of the Taeniapterini (Diptera: Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae). Zootaxa 2021; 5004:370-384. [PMID: 34811303 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A molecular phylogeny for the Taeniapterinae is presented based on mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI), ribosomal (16S rRNA and 28S rRNA) and nuclear (EF-1 and CAD) genes of 48 specimens including 40 species. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference were used to analyze the total concatenated dataset of 8769 bp. The results confirm that tribal classifications in Taeniapterinae are artificial and support the separation of Paragrallomyia Hendel and Taeniaptera sensu Ferro Marshall (2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Borges Ferro
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1. .
| | - Jeffrey H Skevington
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0C6; Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6..
| | - Stephen A Marshall
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1..
| | - Scott Kelso
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0C6.
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12
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Kavanaugh DH, Maddison DR, Simison WB, Schoville SD, Schmidt J, Faille A, Moore W, Pflug JM, Archambeault SL, Hoang T, Chen JY. Phylogeny of the supertribe Nebriitae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) based on analyses of DNA sequence data. Zookeys 2021; 1044:41-152. [PMID: 34183875 PMCID: PMC8222211 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1044.62245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylogeny of the carabid beetle supertribe Nebriitae is inferred from analyses of DNA sequence data from eight gene fragments including one nuclear ribosomal gene (28S), four nuclear-protein coding genes (CAD, topoisomerase 1, PEPCK, and wingless), and three mitochondrial gene fragments (16S + tRNA-Leu + ND1, COI ("barcode" region) and COI ("Pat/Jer" region)). Our taxon sample included 264 exemplars representing 241 species and subspecies (25% of the known nebriite fauna), 39 of 41 currently accepted genera and subgenera (all except Notiokasis and Archileistobrius), and eight outgroup taxa. Separate maximum likelihood (ML) analyses of individual genes, combined ML analyses of nuclear, nuclear protein-coding, and mitochondrial genes, and combined ML and Bayesian analyses of the eight-gene-fragment matrix resulted in a well-resolved phylogeny of the supertribe, with most nodes in the tree strongly supported. Within Nebriitae, 167 internal nodes of the tree (out of the maximum possible 255) are supported by maximum-likelihood bootstrap values of 90% or more. The tribes Notiophilini, Opisthiini, Pelophilini, and Nebriini are well supported as monophyletic but relationships among these are not well resolved. Nippononebria is a distinct genus more closely related to Leistus than Nebria. Archastes, Oreonebria, Spelaeonebria, and Eurynebria, previously treated as distinct genera by some authors, are all nested within a monophyletic genus Nebria. Within Nebria, four major clades are recognized: (1) the Oreonebria Series, including eight subgenera arrayed in two subgeneric complexes (the Eonebria and Oreonebria Complexes); (2) the Nebriola Series, including only subgenus Nebriola; (3) the Nebria Series, including ten subgenera arrayed in two subgeneric complexes, the Boreonebria and Nebria Complexes, with the latter further subdivided into three subgeneric subcomplexes (the Nebria, Epinebriola, and Eunebria Subcomplexes)); and (4) the Catonebria Series, including seven subgenera arrayed in two subgeneric complexes (the Reductonebria and Catonebria Complexes). A strong concordance of biogeography with the inferred phylogeny is noted and some evident vicariance patterns are highlighted. A revised classification, mainly within the Nebriini, is proposed to reflect the inferred phylogeny. Three genus-group taxa (Nippononebria, Vancouveria and Archastes) are given revised status and seven are recognized as new synonymies (Nebriorites Jeannel, 1941 and Marggia Huber, 2014 = Oreonebria Daniel, 1903; Pseudonebriola Ledoux & Roux, 1989 = Boreonebria Jeannel, 1937; Patrobonebria Bänninger, 1923, Paranebria Jeannel, 1937 and Barbonebriola Huber & Schmidt, 2017 = Epinebriola Daniel & Daniel, 1904; and Asionebria Shilenkov, 1982 = Psilonebria Andrewes, 1923). Six new subgenera are proposed and described for newly recognized clades: Parepinebriola Kavanaugh subgen. nov. (type species: Nebria delicata Huber & Schmidt, 2017), Insulanebria Kavanaugh subgen. nov. (type species: Nebria carbonaria Eschscholtz, 1829), Erwinebria Kavanaugh subgen. nov. (type species Nebria sahlbergii Fischer von Waldheim, 1828), Nivalonebria Kavanaugh subgen. nov. (type species: Nebria paradisi Darlington, 1931), Neaptenonebria Kavanaugh subgen. nov. (type species: Nebria ovipennis LeConte, 1878), and Palaptenonebria Kavanaugh subgen. nov. (type species: Nebria mellyi Gebler, 1847). Future efforts to better understand relationships within the supertribe should aim to expand the taxon sampling of DNA sequence data, particularly within subgenera Leistus and Evanoleistus of genus Leistus and the Nebria Complex of genus Nebria.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Kavanaugh
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - David R. Maddison
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - W. Brian Simison
- Center for Comparative Genomics, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Sean D. Schoville
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Joachim Schmidt
- Institute of Biosciences, University of Rostock, Universitätsplatz 2, D-18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Arnaud Faille
- Department of Entomology, Coleoptera, Stuttgart State Museum of Natural History, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wendy Moore
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0036, USA
| | - James M. Pflug
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Sophie L. Archambeault
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, 142 Weill Hall #3200, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tinya Hoang
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Jei-Ying Chen
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, 117 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
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13
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Maddison DR, Porch N. A preliminary phylogeny and review of the genus Tasmanitachoides, with descriptions of two new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Bembidarenini). Zookeys 2021; 1044:153-196. [PMID: 34183876 PMCID: PMC8222342 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1044.62253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Tasmanitachoides Erwin, a genus of very small carabid beetle endemic to Australia, is reviewed. Although uncommon in collections, they can be abundant and diverse on banks of fine gravel or coarse sand next to bodies of fresh water; samples from southeastern Australia suggest numerous undescribed species. An initial phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus is presented, including 19 of the 32 known species. The inferred phylogeny, based upon one mitochondrial and four nuclear genes, shows the kingi group to be sister to remaining Tasmanitachoides, with the wattsensis group and T. lutus (Darlington) also being phylogenetically isolated. Two new species are described: T. baehri sp. nov., from the Australian Capital Territory, is a member of the kingi group; T. erwini sp. nov., from Tasmania, is a member of the wattsensis group. Identification tools for described and some undescribed species are presented, including photographs of all known species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Maddison
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Oregon State University Corvallis United States of America
| | - Nick Porch
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia Deakin University Geelong Australia
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14
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Kanavalová L, Grootaert P, Kubík Š, Barták M. Four new West Palaearctic species and new distributional records of Hybotidae (Diptera). Zookeys 2021; 1019:141-162. [PMID: 33679172 PMCID: PMC7921071 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1019.61496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Megagrapha starki Barták & Grootaert, sp. nov. (Poland, Russia, Slovakia), Oedalea portugalica Barták & Grootaert, sp. nov. (Portugal), Hybos conicus Grootaert & Barták, sp. nov. (Greece, Turkey), and Platypalpus obscuroides Barták & Grootaert, sp. nov. (Slovakia) are described and illustrated. Diagnostic characters are discussed. The female of Syndyas merzi Shamshev & Grootaert, 2012 is described for the first time. New distributional records are presented: Megagrapha europaea Papp & Földvári, 2001 is first reported from Slovakia and Syndyas merzi Shamshev & Grootaert, 2012 is first reported from Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Kanavalová
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha-Suchdol, Czech RepublicCzech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Patrick Grootaert
- Department of Entomology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B – 1000, Brussels, BelgiumDepartment of Entomology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural SciencesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Štěpán Kubík
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha-Suchdol, Czech RepublicCzech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Miroslav Barták
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha-Suchdol, Czech RepublicCzech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic
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15
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Rubinoff D, San Jose M, Hundsdoerfer AK. Cryptic diversity in a vagile Hawaiian moth group suggests complex factors drive diversification. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 155:107002. [PMID: 33152535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Allopatric speciation should be the dominant model of diversification across archipelagos because islands naturally promote isolation. It also follows that ecologically similar, vagile species should be more resistant to this kind of isolation due to dispersal and unifying selection. In a closely-related group of endemic Hawaiian hawkmoths, we found confounding patterns of inter-island connectivity and speciation that did not correlate with vagility, ecological specialization, or island age. Speciation occurred both in allopatric and sympatric taxa, with only the oldest and youngest islands fostering single-island endemic species. The intermediately-sized, central islands supported a combination of endemic and more widely-occurring lineages, suggesting no clear pattern leading to the current diversity in Hawaii. While some species are relatively common, others are apparently extinct or very rare, even on the same island. Further research into the specific mechanisms for these patterns in Hyles may prove broadly informative for understanding both cladogenesis and improving conservation planning. Our study identifies one new species endemic to Kauai and unique mitochondrial lineages in H. perkinsi, which may prove to be new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rubinoff
- 310 Gilmore Hall, Department of PEPS, Entomology Section, 3050 Maile Way, The University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States.
| | - Michael San Jose
- 310 Gilmore Hall, Department of PEPS, Entomology Section, 3050 Maile Way, The University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States.
| | - Anna K Hundsdoerfer
- Molecular Laboratory, Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Königsbrücker Landstrasse 159, 01109 Dresden, Germany
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16
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Souza Amorim DD, Riccardi PR, Rafael JA. First Known Extant Species of Alavesia (Diptera: Atelestidae) in the Neotropical Region: Alavesia leukoprosopa, sp. nov., from the Southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES 2020. [DOI: 10.1206/3962.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Raile Riccardi
- Departamento de Entomologia, Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
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17
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Kanavalová L, Kubík Š, Barták M. Two new West Palaearctic species of Atelestus Walker (Diptera, Atelestidae) and new distributional records of the family. Zookeys 2020; 955:147-158. [PMID: 32855596 PMCID: PMC7423777 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.955.53698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Atelestus turcicus Barták, sp. nov. (Turkey) and Atelestus ibericus Barták, sp. nov. (Spain) are described and illustrated. A key to all known Palaearctic species of Atelestus is provided and the main diagnostic characters are discussed. The female of Nemedina acutiformis Carles-Tolrá, 2008 is described for the first time. New distributional records are presented: Atelestus dissonans Collin, 1961 - first records from Spain and Bulgaria, A. pulicarius (Fallén, 1816) - first record from Turkey, Nemedina alamirabilis Chandler, 1981 - first record from Bulgaria and N. acutiformis Carles-Tolrá, 2008 - first record from Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Kanavalová
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech RepublicCzech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Štěpán Kubík
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech RepublicCzech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Miroslav Barták
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech RepublicCzech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic
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18
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Murray RL, Herridge EJ, Ness RW, Wiberg RAW, Bussière LF. Competition for access to mates predicts female-specific ornamentation and male investment in relative testis size. Evolution 2020; 74:1741-1754. [PMID: 32352568 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sexually selected ornaments are highly variable and the factors that drive variation in ornament expression are not always clear. Rare instances of female-specific ornament evolution (such as in some dance fly species) are particularly puzzling. While some evidence suggests that such rare instances represent straightforward reversals of sexual selection intensity, the distinct nature of trade-offs between ornaments and offspring pose special constraints in females. To examine whether competition for access to mates generally favors heightened ornament expression, we built a phylogeny and conducted a comparative analysis of Empidinae dance fly taxa that display female-specific ornaments. We show that species with more female-biased operational sex ratios in lek-like mating swarms have greater female ornamentation, and in taxa with more ornate females, male relative testis investment is increased. These findings support the hypothesis that ornament diversity in dance flies depends on female receptivity to mates, which is associated with contests for nutritious nuptial gifts provided by males. Moreover, our results suggest that increases in female receptivity lead to higher levels of sperm competition among males. The incidence of both heightened premating sexual selection on females and postmating selection on males contradicts assertions that sex roles are straightforwardly reversed in dance flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind L Murray
- Biology Department, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada.,Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J Herridge
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - Rob W Ness
- Biology Department, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - R Axel W Wiberg
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Evolutionary Biology, University of Basel, Basel, 4051, Switzerland
| | - Luc F Bussière
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
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19
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Krosch MN, Herold N, Thornhill AH, Cranston PS. How ‘Gondwanan’ is Riethia? Molecular phylogenetics elucidates the mode and tempo of diversification in Austro-Pacific Chironominae (Diptera). INVERTEBR SYST 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/is19053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Riethia Kieffer, a genus of the non-biting midge subfamily Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) is distributed in Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia and South America. This austral distribution could be due to earth history (vicariance) or from Southern Hemisphere dispersal(s). We obtained samples from each area, most intensively from throughout Australia. We included putative sister genus Pseudochironomus Malloch, many genera from tribe Tanytarsini, enigmatic taxa in Chironomini and conventional outgroups from other subfamilies. We assembled a multilocus molecular dataset for four genetic regions from 107 individuals to reconstruct the first dated molecular phylogeny for the group. Four terminal clusters corresponded to unreared (thus unassociated) larvae. Monophyly was supported for ‘core’ Riethia, Pseudochironomus, putative tribe Pseudochironomini, tribe Tanytarsini (including enigmatic Nandeva Wiedenbrug, Reiss & Fittkau) and subfamily Chironominae. All species are monophyletic except for R. cinctipes Freeman, which includes R. neocaledonica Cranston. Riethia zeylandica Freeman, previously thought to be widespread in eastern Australia, now is a New Zealand endemic with Australian specimens allocated now to several regionally restricted species. The origin of Riethia was at 60.6 Ma (‘core’) or 52.1 Ma depending on the relationship of two South American species. Both dates are before the break-up of South America and Australia. Diversification within crown group Riethia started before the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, with subsequent separation at 52 Ma of an Australian ‘clade I’ from its sister ‘clade II’, which comprises Australian, New Zealand and New Caledonian species. Inferred dates for species origins of New Caledonia and New Zealand taxa imply transoceanic dispersals from eastern Australia. Western Australian species diverged during the mid to late Miocene from their eastern Australian sister taxa. This correlates with the onset of drying of Australia and the separation of mesic east from west by the formation of an arid proto-Nullarbor. Taken together, the inferred tempo of diversification in the group included both older ages reflecting earth history, yet with suggested recent intra-Pacific separations due to transoceanic dispersals.
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20
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Dorchin N, Harris KM, Stireman JO. Phylogeny of the gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Cecidomyiinae): Systematics, evolution of feeding modes and diversification rates. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 140:106602. [PMID: 31449853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) constitute one of the largest and most diverse families of Diptera, with close to 6600 described species and thousands of undescribed species worldwide. The family is divided into six subfamilies, the five basal ones comprising only fungivorous taxa, whereas the largest, youngest and most diverse subfamily Cecidomyiinae includes fungivorous as well as herbivorous and predatory species. The currently accepted classification of the Cecidomyiinae is morphology-based, and the few phylogenetic inferences that have previously been suggested for it were based on fragmentary or limited datasets. In a first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Cecidomyiinae we sampled 142 species representing 88 genera of 13 tribes from all feeding guilds and zoogeographic regions in order to test the validity of the systematic division of the subfamily and gain insight into patterns of diversification and the evolution of feeding modes. We used sequences from five mitochondrial and nuclear genes to reconstruct maximum likelihood and Bayesian, time-calibrated phylogenies and conducted ancestral state reconstruction of feeding modes. Our results corroborate to a great extent the morphology-based classification of the Cecidomyiinae, with strong support for all supertribes and tribes, all were apparently established in the Upper Cretaceous concordant with the major radiation of angiosperms. We infer that transitions from fungus-feeding to plant-feeding occurred only once or twice in the evolution of the subfamily and that predation evolved only once, contrary to previous hypotheses. All herbivorous clades in the subfamily are very species rich and have diversified at a significantly greater rate than expected, but we found no support for the assertion that herbivorous clades associated with symbiotic fungi in their galls diversify faster than clades that do not have such associations. Currently available data also do not support the hypothesis that symbiotic clades have broader host ranges than non-symbiotic clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netta Dorchin
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | | | - John O Stireman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy., Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
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21
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Bruzzese DJ, Wagner DL, Harrison T, Jogesh T, Overson RP, Wickett NJ, Raguso RA, Skogen KA. Phylogeny, host use, and diversification in the moth family Momphidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0207833. [PMID: 31170152 PMCID: PMC6553701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect herbivores and their hostplants constitute much of Earth's described biological diversity, but how these often-specialized associations diversify is not fully understood. We combined detailed hostplant data and comparative phylogenetic analyses of the lepidopteran family Momphidae to explore how shifts in the use of hostplant resources, not just hostplant taxon, contribute to the diversification of a phytophagous insect lineage. We inferred two phylogenetic hypotheses emphasizing relationships among species in the nominate genus, Mompha Hübner. A six-gene phylogeny was constructed with reared exemplars and collections from hostplants in the family Onagraceae from western and southwestern USA, and a cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) phylogeny was inferred from collections and publicly available accessions in the Barcode of Life Data System. Species delimitation analyses combined with morphological data revealed ca. 56 undescribed species-level taxa, many of which are hostplant specialists on Onagraceae in the southwestern USA. Our phylogenetic reconstructions divided Momphidae into six major clades: 1) an Onagraceae flower- and fruit-boring clade, 2) a Melastomataceae-galling clade, 3) a leafmining clade A, 4) a leafmining clade B, 5) a Zapyrastra Meyrick clade, and 6) a monobasic lineage represented by Mompha eloisella (Clemens). Ancestral trait reconstructions using the COI phylogeny identified leafmining on Onagraceae as the ancestral state for Momphidae. Our study finds that shifts along three hostplant resource axes (plant taxon, plant tissue type, and larval feeding mode) have contributed to the evolutionary success and diversification of momphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Bruzzese
- Department of Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
- Division of Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, United States of America
| | - David L. Wagner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States of America
| | - Terry Harrison
- Independent Researcher, Charleston, IL, United States of America
| | - Tania Jogesh
- Division of Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, United States of America
| | - Rick P. Overson
- Division of Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, United States of America
- Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Norman J. Wickett
- Department of Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
- Division of Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Raguso
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Krissa A. Skogen
- Department of Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
- Division of Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, United States of America
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22
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Sharanowski BJ, Peixoto L, Dal Molin A, Deans AR. Multi-gene phylogeny and divergence estimations for Evaniidae (Hymenoptera). PeerJ 2019; 7:e6689. [PMID: 30976469 PMCID: PMC6451838 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ensign wasps (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae) develop as predators of cockroach eggs (Blattodea), have a wide distribution and exhibit numerous interesting biological phenomena. The taxonomy of this lineage has been the subject of several recent, intensive efforts, but the lineage lacked a robust phylogeny. In this paper we present a new phylogeny, based on increased taxonomic sampling and data from six molecular markers (mitochondrial 16S and COI, and nuclear markers 28S, RPS23, CAD, and AM2), the latter used for the first time in phylogenetic reconstruction. Our intent is to provide a robust phylogeny that will stabilize and facilitate revision of the higher-level classification. We also show the continued utility of molecular motifs, especially the presence of an intron in the RPS23 fragments of certain taxa, to diagnose evaniid clades and assist with taxonomic classification. Furthermore, we estimate divergence times among evaniid lineages for the first time, using multiple fossil calibrations. Evaniidae radiated primarily in the Early Cretaceous (134.1-141.1 Mya), with and most extant genera diverging near the K-T boundary. The estimated phylogeny reveals a more robust topology than previous efforts, with the recovery of more monophyletic taxa and better higher-level resolution. The results facilitate a change in ensign wasp taxonomy, with Parevania, and Papatuka, syn. nov. becoming junior synonyms of Zeuxevania, and Acanthinevania, syn. nov. being designated as junior synonym of Szepligetella. We transfer 30 species to Zeuxevania, either reestablishing past combinations or as new combinations. We also transfer 20 species from Acanthinevania to Szepligetella as new combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J. Sharanowski
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States of America
| | - Leanne Peixoto
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anamaria Dal Molin
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Andrew R. Deans
- Frost Entomological Museum, Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
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23
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Burdíková N, Kjærandsen J, Lindemann JP, Kaspřák D, Tóthová A, Ševčík J. Molecular phylogeny of the Paleogene fungus gnat tribe Exechiini (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) revisited: Monophyly of genera established and rapid radiation confirmed. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Burdíková
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic
| | - Jostein Kjærandsen
- UiT—The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø University Museum Tromsø Norway
| | | | - David Kaspřák
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Tóthová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ševčík
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic
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Savage J, Borkent A, Brodo F, Cumming JM, Gregory Curler, Currie DC, deWaard JR, Gibson JF, Hauser M, Laplante L, Lonsdale O, Marshall SA, O’Hara JE, Sinclair BJ, Skevington JH. Diptera of Canada. Zookeys 2019; 819:397-450. [PMID: 30713456 PMCID: PMC6355757 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.819.27625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Canadian Diptera fauna is updated. Numbers of species currently known from Canada, total Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), and estimated numbers of undescribed or unrecorded species are provided for each family. An overview of recent changes in the systematics and Canadian faunistics of major groups is provided as well as some general information on biology and life history. A total of 116 families and 9620 described species of Canadian Diptera are reported, representing more than a 36% increase in species numbers since the last comparable assessment by JF McAlpine et al. (1979). Almost 30,000 BINs have so far been obtained from flies in Canada. Estimates of additional number of species remaining to be documented in the country range from 5200 to 20,400.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Savage
- Bishop’s University, Sherbrooke, Quebec, CanadaBishop's UniversitySherbrookeCanada
| | - Art Borkent
- Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, British Columbia, CanadaCanadian Museum of NatureOttawaCanada
| | - Fenja Brodo
- Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaCanadian Food Inspection AgencyOttawaCanada
| | - Jeffrey M. Cumming
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaRoyal British Columbia MuseumSalmon ArmCanada
| | - Gregory Curler
- Mississippi Entomological Museum, Mississippi State University, Starksville, Mississippi, USAAgriculture and Agri-Food CanadaOttawaCanada
| | - Douglas C. Currie
- Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaMississippi State UniversityStarksvilleUnited States of America
| | - Jeremy R. deWaard
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaRoyal Ontario MuseumTorontoCanada
| | - Joel F. Gibson
- Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, British Columbia, CanadaCanadian Museum of NatureOttawaCanada
| | - Martin Hauser
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, USAUniversity of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Louis Laplante
- Unaffiliated, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaRoyal British Columbia MuseumVictoriaCanada
| | - Owen Lonsdale
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaRoyal British Columbia MuseumSalmon ArmCanada
| | - Stephen A. Marshall
- University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaCalifornia Department of Food and AgricultureSacramentoUnited States of America
| | - James E. O’Hara
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaRoyal British Columbia MuseumSalmon ArmCanada
| | - Bradley J. Sinclair
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaUnaffiliatedMontrealCanada
| | - Jeffrey H. Skevington
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaRoyal British Columbia MuseumSalmon ArmCanada
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25
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Stireman JO, Cerretti P, O'Hara JE, Blaschke JD, Moulton JK. Molecular phylogeny and evolution of world Tachinidae (Diptera). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 139:106358. [PMID: 30584917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We reconstructed phylogenetic relationships within the diverse parasitoid fly family Tachinidae using four nuclear loci (7800 bp) and including an exceptionally large sample of more than 500 taxa from around the world. The position of the earthworm-parasitizing Polleniinae (Calliphoridae s.l.) as sister to Tachinidae is strongly supported. Our analyses recovered each of the four tachinid subfamilies and most recognized tribes, with some important exceptions in the Dexiinae and Tachininae. Most notably, the tachinine tribes Macquartiini and Myiophasiini form a clade sister to all other Tachinidae, and a clade of Palpostomatini is reconstructed as sister to Dexiinae + Phasiinae. Although most nodes are well-supported, relationships within several lineages that appear to have undergone rapid episodes of diversification (basal Dexiinae and Tachininae, Blondeliini) were poorly resolved. Reconstructions of host use evolution are equivocal, but generally support the hypothesis that the ancestral host of tachinids was a beetle and that subsequent host shifts to caterpillars may coincide with accelerated diversification. Evolutionary reconstructions of reproductive strategy using alternative methods were incongruent, however it is most likely that ancestral tachinids possessed unincubated, thick shelled eggs from which incubated eggs evolved repeatedly, potentially expanding available host niches. These results provide a broad foundation for understanding the phylogeny and evolution of this important family of parasitoid insects. We hope it will serve as a framework to be used in concert with morphology and other sources of evidence to revise the higher taxonomic classification of Tachinidae and further explore their evolutionary history and diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Stireman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
| | - Pierfilippo Cerretti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin', 'Sapienza' Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - James E O'Hara
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Jeremy D Blaschke
- Department of Biology, Union University, 1050 Union University Drive, Jackson, TN 38305, USA
| | - John K Moulton
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Phylogeny of the beetle supertribe Trechitae (Coleoptera: Carabidae): Unexpected clades, isolated lineages, and morphological convergence. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 132:151-176. [PMID: 30468941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using data from two nuclear ribosomal genes and four nuclear protein-coding genes, we infer a well-resolved phylogeny of major lineages of the carabid beetle supertribe Trechitae, based upon a sampling of 259 species. Patrobini is the sister group of Trechitae, but the genus Lissopogonus appears to be outside of the Patrobini + Trechitae clade. We find that four enigmatic trechite genera from the Southern Hemisphere, Bembidarenas, Argentinatachoides, Andinodontis, and Tasmanitachoides, form a clade that is the sister group of Trechini; we describe this clade as a new tribe, Bembidarenini. Bembidarenini + Trechini form the sister group of remaining trechites. Within Trechini, subtribe Trechodina is not monophyletic, as three trechodine genera from Australia (Trechobembix, Paratrechodes, Cyphotrechodes) are the sister group of subtribe Trechina. Trechini appears to have originated in the continents of the Southern Hemisphere, with almost all Northern Hemisphere lineages representing a single radiation within the subtribe Trechina. We present moderate evidence that the geographically and phylogenetically isolated genera Sinozolus (six species in the mountains of China), Chaltenia (one species in Argentina and Chile), and Phrypeus (one species in western North America) also form a clade, the tribe Sinozolini. The traditionally recognized tribe Bembidiini sens. lat., diagnosed by the presence of a subulate terminal palpomere, is shown to be polyphyletic; subulate palpomeres have arisen five times within Trechitae. Anillini is monophyletic, and the sister group of Tachyini + Pogonini + Bembidiini + Zolini + Sinozolini; within anillines, we confirm earlier results indicating the eyed New Zealand genus Nesamblyops as the sister to the rest. Sampled New World Pogonini are monophyletic, rendering the genus Pogonus non-monophyletic. Tachyina and Xystosomina are sister groups. Within Xystosomina, the New World members are monophyletic, and are sister to an Australia-New Zealand clade. The latter consists of the genus Philipis as well as taxa not previously recognized as xystosomines: Kiwitachys, the "Tachys" ectromioides group, and "Tachys" mulwalensis. Within Tachyina, the subgenus Elaphropus is not closely related to other subgenera previously placed in the genus Elaphropus; we move the other subgenera into the genus Tachyura. Tachyina with a bifoveate mentum do not form a clade; in fact, a bifoveate mentum is found in Xystosomina, Sinozolini, Trechini, Trechitae and its sister group, Patrobini. Extensive homoplasy in the morphological characters previously used as key indicators of relationship is supported by our results: in addition to multiple origins of subulate palpomeres and bifoveate menta, a concave protibial notch has arisen independently in Anillina, Xystosomina, and Tachyina. Phylogenetically and geographically isolated, species-poor lineages in Trechini, Bembidarenini, and Sinozolini may be relicts of more widespread faunas; many of these are found today on gravel or sand shores of creeks and rivers, which may be an ancestral habitat for portions of Trechitae. In addition to the description of Bembidarenini, we present a diagnosis of the newly delimited Sinozolini, and keys to the tribes of Trechitae.
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Schneider SA, Okusu A, Normark BB. Molecular phylogenetics of Aspidiotini armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) reveals rampant paraphyly, curious species radiations, and multiple origins of association with Melissotarsus ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 129:291-303. [PMID: 30195475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The armored scale insect tribe Aspidiotini comprises many pest species that are globally invasive and economically damaging. The taxonomy of scale insects is based almost solely upon morphological characters of adult females, and little prior work has been done to test the classification of aspidiotines against molecular evidence. To address these concerns, we reconstruct a molecular phylogeny for aspidiotine armored scales that expands greatly upon taxonomic and character representations from previous studies. Our dataset includes 127 species (356 terminal taxa) and four gene regions: 28S, EF-1α, COI-COII, and CAD. Nearly 50% of the species treated are identified as pests and several more may represent emerging pests. Phylogenetic data were analyzed in a Bayesian framework using MC3 iterations. The majority of sampled aspidiotine genera are not monophyletic as currently defined. Monophyly constraints for 'worst offenders' were imposed on the phylogeny and stepping-stone MCMC was performed to calculate marginal likelihood scores. Comparisons of marginal likelihoods from runs with constrained vs. informative priors support the interpretation that pest-rich genera are not monophyletic. We use character mapping to illustrate signal and convergence for selected traits that have been used to define or recognize genera and evaluate consistency and retention indices for these traits. The phylogeny illustrates a pervasive pattern in which extremely polyphagous pests - typically having large populations and wide geographical distributions - are frequently intertwined with range-limited specialists on the phylogeny. Finally, the phylogeny recovers three origins of ant association among the Aspidiotini. The history of ant/diaspidid symbioses involves periods of sustained partner fidelity, spanning multiple speciation events, which have been punctuated by opportunistic switches to novel partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Schneider
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Building 005 - Room 004, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA(1); Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, 204C French Hall, University of Massachusetts, 230 Stockbridge Road, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Akiko Okusu
- Biology Department, 221 Morrill Science Center III, University of Massachusetts, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Benjamin B Normark
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, 204C French Hall, University of Massachusetts, 230 Stockbridge Road, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Biology Department, 221 Morrill Science Center III, University of Massachusetts, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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28
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Hjalmarsson AE, Graf W, Jähnig SC, Vitecek S, Pauls SU. Molecular association and morphological characterisation of Himalopsyche larval types (Trichoptera, Rhyacophilidae). Zookeys 2018; 773:79-108. [PMID: 30026662 PMCID: PMC6048183 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.773.24319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Himalopsyche Banks, 1940 (Trichoptera, Rhyacophilidae) is a genus of caddisflies inhabiting mountain and alpine environments in Central and East Asia and the Nearctic. Of 53 known species, only five species have been described previously in the aquatic larval stage. We perform life stage association using three strategies (GMYC, PTP, and reciprocal monophyly) based on fragments of two molecular markers: the nuclear CAD, and the mitochondrial COI gene. A total of 525 individuals from across the range of Himalopsyche (Himalayas, Hengduan Shan, Tian Shan, South East Asia, Japan, and western North America) was analysed and 32 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in our dataset delimited. Four distinct larval types of Himalopsyche are uncovered, and these are defined as the phryganea type, japonica type, tibetana type, and gigantea type and a comparative morphological characterisation of the larval types is presented. The larval types differ in a number of traits, most prominently in their gill configuration, as well as in other features such as setal configuration of the pronotum and presence/absence of accessory hooks of the anal prolegs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Hjalmarsson
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Senckenberganlage 25, 63025 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wolfram Graf
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecology Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33/DG, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja C Jähnig
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Department of Ecosystem Research, Justus-von-Liebig-Str. 7, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Vitecek
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Senckenberganlage 25, 63025 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Steffen U Pauls
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Senckenberganlage 25, 63025 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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29
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Álvarez N, Gómez GF, Naranjo-Díaz N, Correa MM. Discrimination of Anopheles species of the Arribalzagia Series in Colombia using a multilocus approach. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 64:76-84. [PMID: 29929008 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The Arribalzagia Series of the Anopheles Subgenus comprises morphologically similar species or members of species complexes which makes correct species identification difficult. Therefore, the aim of this work was to discriminate the morphospecies of the Arribalzagia Series present in Colombia using a multilocus approach based on ITS2, COI and CAD sequences. Specimens of the Arribalzagia Series collected at 32 localities in nine departments were allocated to seven species. Individual and concatenated Bayesian analyses showed high support for each of the species and reinforced the previous report of the Apicimacula species Complex with distribution in the Pacific Coast and northwestern Colombia. In addition, a new molecular operational taxonomic unit-MOTU was identified, herein denominated near Anopheles peryassui, providing support for the existence of a Peryassui species Complex. Further, the CAD gene, just recently used for Anopheles taxonomy and phylogeny, demonstrated its power in resolving phylogenetic relationships among species of the Arribalzagia Series. The divergence times for these species correspond to the early Pliocene and the Miocene. Considering the epidemiological importance of some species of the Series and their co-occurrence in malaria endemic regions of Colombia, their discrimination constitutes an important step for vector incrimination and control in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalí Álvarez
- Grupo de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Giovan F Gómez
- Grupo de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia; Grupo Investigación Ciencias Forenses y de la Salud, Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Forenses, Institución Universitaria-Tecnológico de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Nelson Naranjo-Díaz
- Grupo de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Margarita M Correa
- Grupo de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.
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30
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Kamiński MJ, Kanda K, Lumen R, Smith AD, Iwan D. Molecular phylogeny of Pedinini (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) and its implications for higher-level classification. Zool J Linn Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin J Kamiński
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy Sciences, Wilcza, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kojun Kanda
- Northern Arizona University Department of Biological Sciences, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Ryan Lumen
- Northern Arizona University Department of Biological Sciences, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Aaron D Smith
- Northern Arizona University Department of Biological Sciences, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Dariusz Iwan
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy Sciences, Wilcza, Warsaw, Poland
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31
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Sikora T, Jaschhof M, Mantič M, Kaspřák D, ševčík J. Considerable congruence, enlightening conflict: molecular analysis largely supports morphology-based hypotheses on Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) phylogeny. Zool J Linn Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Sikora
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | | | - Michal Mantič
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - David Kaspřák
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jan ševčík
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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32
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Torres-Gutierrez C, de Oliveira TMP, Emerson KJ, Sterlino Bergo E, Mureb Sallum MA. Molecular phylogeny of Culex subgenus Melanoconion (Diptera: Culicidae) based on nuclear and mitochondrial protein-coding genes. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171900. [PMID: 29892381 PMCID: PMC5990733 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The subgenus Melanoconion of the mosquito genus Culex is taxonomically diverse and is widely distributed in the Neotropical Region, with 10 species occurring in the Nearctic Region. Species of this subgenus pose a taxonomical challenge because morphological identification is based largely on anatomical characters of the male genitalia. We addressed the monophyly of the Spissipes and Melanoconion Sections of the subgenus Melanoconion and some of the informal groups in each section. Our sample taxa included 97 specimens representing 43 species, from which we analysed fragments of two single-copy nuclear genes (CAD, HB) and one mitochondrial gene (COI). Phylogenetic relationships within the subgenus are presented based on results of maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses using a multi-locus matrix of DNA sequences. We show a molecular phylogeny of Melanoconion in which both sections were recovered as monophyletic groups. The monophyly of the Atratus and Pilosus groups was confirmed. Within each section, other monophyletic groups were recovered highlighting the potential need for future nomenclature rearrangement. The phylogenetic signal contained in nuclear genes, when analysed together, was more informative than each gene analysed separately, corroborating monophyly of Melanoconion relative to Culex (Culex) species included in the analyses, the Melanoconion and Spissipes Sections and some species groups. Our results provide new information for the classification of the subgenus and additional data that can be used to improve species identification when a more representative taxon sampling is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Torres-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo 715, CEP 01246-904, São Paulo, Brazil
- Research Associate, Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, PECET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia. Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Tatiane M. P. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo 715, CEP 01246-904, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kevin J. Emerson
- Biology Department, St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's City, MD, USA
| | - Eduardo Sterlino Bergo
- Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Anice Mureb Sallum
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo 715, CEP 01246-904, São Paulo, Brazil
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33
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Incongruence between molecules and morphology: A seven-gene phylogeny of Dacini fruit flies paves the way for reclassification (Diptera: Tephritidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 121:139-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Hebert PDN, Braukmann TWA, Prosser SWJ, Ratnasingham S, deWaard JR, Ivanova NV, Janzen DH, Hallwachs W, Naik S, Sones JE, Zakharov EV. A Sequel to Sanger: amplicon sequencing that scales. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:219. [PMID: 29580219 PMCID: PMC5870082 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although high-throughput sequencers (HTS) have largely displaced their Sanger counterparts, the short read lengths and high error rates of most platforms constrain their utility for amplicon sequencing. The present study tests the capacity of single molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing implemented on the SEQUEL platform to overcome these limitations, employing 658 bp amplicons of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene as a model system. RESULTS By examining templates from more than 5000 species and 20,000 specimens, the performance of SMRT sequencing was tested with amplicons showing wide variation in GC composition and varied sequence attributes. SMRT and Sanger sequences were very similar, but SMRT sequencing provided more complete coverage, especially for amplicons with homopolymer tracts. Because it can characterize amplicon pools from 10,000 DNA extracts in a single run, the SEQUEL can reduce greatly reduce sequencing costs in comparison to first (Sanger) and second generation platforms (Illumina, Ion). CONCLUSIONS SMRT analysis generates high-fidelity sequences from amplicons with varying GC content and is resilient to homopolymer tracts. Analytical costs are low, substantially less than those for first or second generation sequencers. When implemented on the SEQUEL platform, SMRT analysis enables massive amplicon characterization because each instrument can recover sequences from more than 5 million DNA extracts a year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D N Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Thomas W A Braukmann
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sean W J Prosser
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Jeremy R deWaard
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Natalia V Ivanova
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Daniel H Janzen
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6018, USA
| | - Winnie Hallwachs
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6018, USA
| | - Suresh Naik
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jayme E Sones
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Evgeny V Zakharov
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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35
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Lin XL, Stur E, Ekrem T. Exploring species boundaries with multiple genetic loci using empirical data from non-biting midges. ZOOL SCR 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Lin
- Department of Natural History; NTNU University Museum; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Elisabeth Stur
- Department of Natural History; NTNU University Museum; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Torbjørn Ekrem
- Department of Natural History; NTNU University Museum; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
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36
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Peres EA, DaSilva MB, Antunes M, Pinto-Da-Rocha R. A short-range endemic species from south-eastern Atlantic Rain Forest shows deep signature of historical events: phylogeography of harvestmen Acutisoma longipes (Arachnida: Opiliones). SYST BIODIVERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2017.1361479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elen Arroyo Peres
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, travessa 14, 321, 05508-090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio Bernardino DaSilva
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, 58051-090, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Manuel Antunes
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, travessa 14, 321, 05508-090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, travessa 14, 321, 05508-090, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cerretti P, Stireman JO, Pape T, O’Hara JE, Marinho MAT, Rognes K, Grimaldi DA. First fossil of an oestroid fly (Diptera: Calyptratae: Oestroidea) and the dating of oestroid divergences. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182101. [PMID: 28832610 PMCID: PMC5568141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Calyptrate flies include about 22,000 extant species currently classified into Hippoboscoidea (tsetse, louse, and bat flies), the muscoid grade (house flies and relatives) and the Oestroidea (blow flies, bot flies, flesh flies, and relatives). Calyptrates are abundant in nearly all terrestrial ecosystems, often playing key roles as decomposers, parasites, parasitoids, vectors of pathogens, and pollinators. For oestroids, the most diverse group within calyptrates, definitive fossils have been lacking. The first unambiguous fossil of Oestroidea is described based on a specimen discovered in amber from the Dominican Republic. The specimen was identified through digital dissection by CT scans, which provided morphological data for a cladistic analysis of its phylogenetic position among extant oestroids. The few known calyptrate fossils were used as calibration points for a molecular phylogeny (16S, 28S, CAD) to estimate the timing of major diversification events among the Oestroidea. Results indicate that: (a) the fossil belongs to the family Mesembrinellidae, and it is identified and described as Mesembrinella caenozoica sp. nov.; (b) the mesembrinellids form a sister clade to the Australian endemic Ulurumyia macalpinei (Ulurumyiidae) (McAlpine's fly), which in turn is sister to all remaining oestroids; (c) the most recent common ancestor of extant Calyptratae lived just before the K-Pg boundary (ca. 70 mya); and (d) the radiation of oestroids began in the Eocene (ca. 50 mya), with the origin of the family Mesembrinellidae dated at ca. 40 mya. These results provide new insight into the timing and rate of oestroid diversification and highlight the rapid radiation of some of the most diverse and ecologically important families of flies. ZooBank accession number-urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0DC5170B-1D16-407A-889E-56EED3FE3627.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierfilippo Cerretti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘Charles Darwin’, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - John O. Stireman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States of America
| | - Thomas Pape
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James E. O’Hara
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco A. T. Marinho
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Evolução de Diptera, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Knut Rognes
- University of Stavanger, Faculty of Arts and Education, Department of Early Childhood Education, Stavanger, Norway
| | - David A. Grimaldi
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, United States of America
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Phylogenetics of Australasian gall flies (Diptera: Fergusoninidae): Evolutionary patterns of host-shifting and gall morphology. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 115:140-160. [PMID: 28757445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated host-specificity and phylogenetic relationships in Australian galling flies, Fergusonina Malloch (Diptera: Fergusoninidae), in order to assess diversity and explore the evolutionary history of host plant affiliation and gall morphology. A DNA barcoding approach using COI data from 203 Fergusonina specimens from 5gall types on 56 host plant species indicated 85 presumptive fly species. These exhibited a high degree of host specificity; of the 40 species with multiple representatives, each fed only on a single host genus, 29 (72.5%) were strictly monophagous, and 11 (27.5%) were reared from multiple closely related hosts. COI variation within species was not correlated with either sample size or geographic distance. However variation was greater within oligophagous species, consistent with expectations of the initial stages of host-associated divergence during speciation. Phylogenetic analysis using both nuclear and mitochondrial genes revealed host genus-restricted clades but also clear evidence of multiple colonizations of both host plant genus and host species. With the exception of unilocular peagalls, evolution of gall type was somewhat constrained, but to a lesser degree than host plant association. Unilocular peagalls arose more often than any other gall type, were primarily located at the tips of the phylogeny, and did not form clades comprising more than a few species. For ecological reasons, species of this gall type are predicted to harbor substantially less genetic variation than others, possibly reducing evolutionary flexibility resulting in reduced diversification in unilocular gallers.
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Sex-biased secondary contact obscures ancient speciation onto relictual host trees in central California moths (Syndemis: Tortricidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 109:388-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Krosch MN, Cranston PS, Bryant LM, Strutt F, McCluen SR. Towards a dated molecular phylogeny of the Tanypodinae (Chironomidae, Diptera). INVERTEBR SYST 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/is16046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A dated molecular phylogeny is proposed for the Tanypodinae, a diverse subfamily of Chironomidae (Diptera). We used molecular data from fragments of one ribosomal gene (28S), one nuclear protein-coding gene (CAD), and one mitochondrial protein-coding gene (COI), analysed using mixed model Bayesian and maximum likelihood inference methods. All proposed tribes were sampled, namely, Anatopyniini, Clinotanypodini, Coelopyniini, Fittkauimyiini, Macropelopiini, Natarsiini, Pentaneurini, Procladiini and Tanypodini. A multilocus dataset of 1938 characters was compiled from 123 individuals including outgroups. Monophyly was supported for all tribes although some relationships were not robust. Relationships between tribes and some genus groups are highly congruent with a morphology-based estimate. Relationships within tribe Pentaneurini mostly find weak support, yet previously hypothesised groupings and monophyly or lack thereof in well-sampled genera are revealed. The tempo of diversification of the family was deduced by divergence time analysis (BEAST). Origination of a subfamily stem group in the late Jurassic to early Cretaceous was inferred, with all tribes and many genera of Pentaneurini originating and diversifying in the Cretaceous. Some nodes are biogeographically informative. Gene sections supported the backbone, but more extensive sampling is needed to estimate shallower phylogenies and to better understand the tempo and diversification of Tanypodinae.
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Tkoč M, Tóthová A, Ståhls G, Chandler PJ, Vaňhara J. Molecular phylogeny of flat-footed flies (Diptera: Platypezidae): main clades supported by new morphological evidence. ZOOL SCR 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Tkoč
- Department of Entomology; National Museum; Cirkusová 1740, CZ-193 00 Praha 9 Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Viničná 7, CZ-128 00 Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Tóthová
- Department of Botany and Zoology; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University in Brno; Kamenice 753/5, CZ-625 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Gunilla Ståhls
- Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History; University of Helsinki; PO Box 17, 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Jaromír Vaňhara
- Department of Botany and Zoology; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University in Brno; Kamenice 753/5, CZ-625 00 Brno Czech Republic
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Goodman KR, Evenhuis N, Bartošová-Sojková P, O’Grady PM. Multiple, independent colonizations of the Hawaiian Archipelago by the family Dolichopodidae (Diptera). PeerJ 2016; 4:e2704. [PMID: 27896033 PMCID: PMC5119231 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Dolichopodidae forms two of the four largest evolutionary radiations in the Hawaiian Islands across all flies: Campsicnemus (183 spp) and the Eurynogaster complex (66 spp). They also include a small radiation of Conchopus (6 spp). A handful of other dolichopodid species are native to the islands in singleton lineages or small radiations. This study provides a phylogenetic perspective on the colonization history of the dolichopodid fauna in the islands. We generated a multi-gene data set including representatives from 11 of the 14 endemic Hawaiian dolichopodid genera to examine the history of colonization to the islands, and analyzed it using Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic methods. We used a subset of the data that included Conchopus and the eight genera comprising the Eurynogaster complex to estimate the first phylogenetic hypothesis for these endemic groups, then used Beast to estimate their age of arrival to the archipelago. The Eurynogaster complex, Campsicnemus and Conchopus are clearly the result of independent colonizations. The results strongly support the Eurynogaster complex as a monophyletic group, and also supports the monophyly of 4 of the 8 described genera within the complex (Adachia, Arciellia, Uropachys and Eurynogaster). Members of the family Dolichopodidae have been dispersing over vast distances to colonize the Hawaiian Archipelago for millions of years, leading to multiple independent evolutionary diversification events. The Eurynogaster complex arrived in the Hawaiian Archipelago 11.8 Ma, well before the arrival of Campsicnemus (4.5 Ma), and the even more recent Conchopus (1.8 Ma). Data presented here demonstrate that the Hawaiian Dolichopodidae both disperse and diversify easily, a rare combination that lays the groundwork for field studies on the reproductive isolating mechanisms and ecological partitioning of this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Roesch Goodman
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Neal Evenhuis
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Pavla Bartošová-Sojková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Michael O’Grady
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Ševčík J, Kaspřák D, Mantič M, Fitzgerald S, Ševčíková T, Tóthová A, Jaschhof M. Molecular phylogeny of the megadiverse insect infraorder Bibionomorpha sensu lato (Diptera). PeerJ 2016; 4:e2563. [PMID: 27781163 PMCID: PMC5075709 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylogeny of the insect infraorder Bibionomorpha (Diptera) is reconstructed based on the combined analysis of three nuclear (18S, 28S, CAD) and three mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COI) gene markers. All the analyses strongly support the monophyly of Bibionomorpha in both the narrow (sensu stricto) and the broader (sensu lato) concepts. The major lineages of Bibionomorpha sensu lato (Sciaroidea, Bibionoidea, Anisopodoidea, and Scatopsoidea) and most of the included families are supported as monophyletic groups. Axymyiidae was not found to be part of Bibionomorpha nor was it found to be its sister group. Bibionidae was paraphyletic with respect to Hesperinidae and Keroplatidae was paraphyletic with respect to Lygistorrhinidae. The included Sciaroidea incertae sedis (except Ohakunea Edwards) were found to belong to one clade, but the relationships within this group and its position within Sciaroidea require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ševčík
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - David Kaspřák
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Mantič
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Scott Fitzgerald
- Pacific Northwest Diptera Research Lab, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Tereza Ševčíková
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Tóthová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Garzón-Orduña IJ, Menchaca-Armenta I, Contreras-Ramos A, Liu X, Winterton SL. The phylogeny of brown lacewings (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) reveals multiple reductions in wing venation. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:192. [PMID: 27645380 PMCID: PMC5029026 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The last time the phylogenetic relationships among members of the family Hemerobiidae were studied quantitatively was over 12 years ago and based exclusively on morphology. Our study builds upon this morphological evidence by adding sequence data from three gene loci to provide a total evidence phylogeny of brown lacewings (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae). Thirty-seven species representing nineteen Hemerobiidae genera were compared with outgroups from the families Ithonidae, Psychopsidae and Chrysopidae in Bayesian and parsimony analyses using a single nuclear gene (CAD) and two mitochondrial (16S rDNA and Cytochrome Oxidase I) genes. We compare divergence time estimates of Hemerobiidae cladogenesis under the two most commonly used relaxed clock models and discuss the evolution of wing venation in the family. RESULTS We recovered a phylogeny largely incongruent with previously published morphological studies, although all but two subfamilies (i.e., Notiobiellinae and Drepanacrinae) were recovered as monophyletic. We found the subfamily Drepanacrinae paraphyletic with respect to Psychobiellinae, and Notiobiellinae to be polyphyletic. We thus offer a revised concept of Notiobiellinae, comprising only Notiobiella Banks, and erect a new subfamily Zachobiellinae including the remaining genera previously placed in Notiobiellinae. Psychobiellinae is synonymized with Drepanacrinae. Unlike the previous hypothesis that proposed a remarkably laddered topology, our tree suggests that hemerobiids diverged as three main clades. Moreover, in contrast to the vein proliferation hypothesis, we found that hemerobiids have instead undergone multiple reductions in the number of radial veins, this scenario questions the relevance of this character as diagnostic of various subfamilies CONCLUSIONS Our phylogenetic hypothesis and divergence times analysis suggest that extant hemerobiids originated around the end of the Triassic and evolved as three distinct clades that diverged from one another during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. Contrary to earlier phylogenetic hypotheses, Carobius Banks (Carobiinae) is sister to the previously unplaced genus Notherobius New in a clade more closely related to Sympherobiinae, Megalominae and Zachobiellinae subfam. nov. The addition of taxa which are not available for DNA sequencing should be the focus of future studies, especially Adelphohemerobius Oswald, which is particularly important to test our inferences regarding the evolution of wing venation in Hemerobiidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne J. Garzón-Orduña
- California Department of Food & Agriculture, California State Collection of Arthropods, 3294 Meadowview Rd, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Imelda Menchaca-Armenta
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo Mexico
| | - Atilano Contreras-Ramos
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo Mexico
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF Mexico
| | - Xingyue Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Shaun L. Winterton
- California Department of Food & Agriculture, California State Collection of Arthropods, 3294 Meadowview Rd, Sacramento, CA USA
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Ge Y, Gao Y, Yan L, Liu X, Zhang D. Review of theLispe tentaculata-group (Diptera: Muscidae) in China, with one new synonym. ZOOSYSTEMA 2016. [DOI: 10.5252/z2016n3a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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46
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Watts M, Winkler IS, Daugeron C, de Carvalho CJ, Turner SP, Wiegmann BM. Where do the Neotropical Empidini lineages (Diptera: Empididae: Empidinae) fit in a worldwide context? Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 95:67-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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47
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Leblanc L, San Jose M, Barr N, Rubinoff D. A phylogenetic assessment of the polyphyletic nature and intraspecific color polymorphism in the Bactrocera dorsalis complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). Zookeys 2015:339-67. [PMID: 26798267 PMCID: PMC4714077 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.540.9786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bactroceradorsalis complex (Tephritidae) comprises 85 species of fruit flies, including five highly destructive polyphagous fruit pests. Despite significant work on a few key pest species within the complex, little has been published on the majority of non-economic species in the complex, other than basic descriptions and illustrations of single specimens regarded as typical representatives. To elucidate the species relationships within the Bactroceradorsalis complex, we used 159 sequences from one mitochondrial (COI) and two nuclear (elongation factor-1α and period) genes to construct a phylogeny containing 20 described species from within the complex, four additional species that may be new to science, and 26 other species from Bactrocera and its sister genus Dacus. The resulting concatenated phylogeny revealed that most of the species placed in the complex appear to be unrelated, emerging across numerous clades. This suggests that they were placed in the Bactroceradorsalis complex based on the similarity of convergent characters, which does not appear to be diagnostic. Variations in scutum and abdomen color patterns within each of the non-economic species are presented and demonstrate that distantly-related, cryptic species overlap greatly in traditional morphological color patterns used to separate them in keys. Some of these species may not be distinguishable with confidence by means other than DNA data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Leblanc
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, 3050 Maile Way, Room 310, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822-2271; Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2339, Moscow, ID 83844-2339, USA
| | - Michael San Jose
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, 3050 Maile Way, Room 310, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822-2271
| | - Norman Barr
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, 22675 N. Moorefield Rd., Moore Air Base Building S-6414, Edinburg Texas, 78541
| | - Daniel Rubinoff
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, 3050 Maile Way, Room 310, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822-2271
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Boulet-Audet M, Vollrath F, Holland C. Identification and classification of silks using infrared spectroscopy. J Exp Biol 2015; 218:3138-49. [PMID: 26347557 PMCID: PMC4631776 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.128306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lepidopteran silks number in the thousands and display a vast diversity of structures, properties and industrial potential. To map this remarkable biochemical diversity, we present an identification and screening method based on the infrared spectra of native silk feedstock and cocoons. Multivariate analysis of over 1214 infrared spectra obtained from 35 species allowed us to group silks into distinct hierarchies and a classification that agrees well with current phylogenetic data and taxonomies. This approach also provides information on the relative content of sericin, calcium oxalate, phenolic compounds, poly-alanine and poly(alanine-glycine) β-sheets. It emerged that the domesticated mulberry silkmoth Bombyx mori represents an outlier compared with other silkmoth taxa in terms of spectral properties. Interestingly, Epiphora bauhiniae was found to contain the highest amount of β-sheets reported to date for any wild silkmoth. We conclude that our approach provides a new route to determine cocoon chemical composition and in turn a novel, biological as well as material, classification of silks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Boulet-Audet
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Fritz Vollrath
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Chris Holland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
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Say goodbye to tribes in the new house fly classification: A new molecular phylogenetic analysis and an updated biogeographical narrative for the Muscidae (Diptera). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 89:1-12. [PMID: 25869937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
House flies are one of the best known groups of flies and comprise about 5000 species worldwide. Despite over a century of intensive taxonomic research on these flies, classification of the Muscidae is still poorly resolved. Here we brought together the most diverse molecular dataset ever examined for the Muscidae, with 142 species in 67 genera representing all tribes and all biogeographic regions. Four protein coding genes were analyzed: mitochondrial CO1 and nuclear AATS, CAD (region 4) and EF1-α. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches were used to analyze five different partitioning schemes for the alignment. We also used Bayes factors to test monophyly of the traditionally accepted tribes and subfamilies. Most subfamilial taxa were not recovered in our analyses, and accordingly monophyly was rejected by Bayes factor tests. Our analysis consistently found three main clades of Muscidae and so we propose a new classification with only three subfamilies without tribes. Additionally, we provide the first timeframe for the diversification of all major lineages of house flies and examine contemporary biogeographic hypotheses in light of this timeframe. We conclude that the muscid radiation began in the Paleocene to Eocene and is congruent with the final stages of the breakup of Gondwana, which resulted in the complete separation of Antarctica, Australia, and South America. With this newly proposed classification and better understanding of the timing of evolutionary events, we provide new perspectives for integrating morphological and ecological evolutionary understanding of house flies, their taxonomy, phylogeny, and biogeography.
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50
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Winkler IS, Blaschke JD, Davis DJ, Stireman JO, O'Hara JE, Cerretti P, Moulton JK. Explosive radiation or uninformative genes? Origin and early diversification of tachinid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 88:38-54. [PMID: 25841383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Molecular phylogenetic studies at all taxonomic levels often infer rapid radiation events based on short, poorly resolved internodes. While such rapid episodes of diversification are an important and widespread evolutionary phenomenon, much of this poor phylogenetic resolution may be attributed to the continuing widespread use of "traditional" markers (mitochondrial, ribosomal, and some nuclear protein-coding genes) that are often poorly suited to resolve difficult, higher-level phylogenetic problems. Here we reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among a representative set of taxa of the parasitoid fly family Tachinidae and related outgroups of the superfamily Oestroidea. The Tachinidae are one of the most species rich, yet evolutionarily recent families of Diptera, providing an ideal case study for examining the differential performance of loci in resolving phylogenetic relationships and the benefits of adding more loci to phylogenetic analyses. We assess the phylogenetic utility of nine genes including both traditional genes (e.g., CO1 mtDNA, 28S rDNA) and nuclear protein-coding genes newly developed for phylogenetic analysis. Our phylogenetic findings, based on a limited set of taxa, include: a close relationship between Tachinidae and the calliphorid subfamily Polleninae, monophyly of Tachinidae and the subfamilies Exoristinae and Dexiinae, subfamily groupings of Dexiinae+Phasiinae and Tachininae+Exoristinae, and robust phylogenetic placement of the somewhat enigmatic genera Strongygaster, Euthera, and Ceracia. In contrast to poor resolution and phylogenetic incongruence of "traditional genes," we find that a more selective set of highly informative genes is able to more precisely identify regions of the phylogeny that experienced rapid radiation of lineages, while more accurately depicting their phylogenetic context. Although much expanded taxon sampling is necessary to effectively assess the monophyly of and relationships among major tachinid lineages and their relatives, we show that a small number of well-chosen nuclear protein-coding genes can successfully resolve even difficult phylogenetic problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac S Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA; Department of Biology, Linfield College, McMinnville, OR 97128, USA
| | - Jeremy D Blaschke
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Daniel J Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - John O Stireman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
| | - James E O'Hara
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Pierfilippo Cerretti
- DAFNAE-Entomology, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin', 'Sapienza' Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - John K Moulton
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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