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Roy S, Bag N, Bardhan S, Hasan I, Guo B. Recent Progress in NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging-guided Drug Delivery for Cancer Theranostics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114821. [PMID: 37037263 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) has become a prevalent choice owing to its appealing advantages like deep penetration depth, low autofluorescence, decent spatiotemporal resolution, and a high signal-to-background ratio. This would expedite the innovation of NIR-II imaging-guided drug delivery (IGDD) paradigms for the improvement of the prognosis of patients with tumors. This work systematically reviews the recent progress of such NIR-II IGDD-mediated cancer therapeutics and collectively brings its essence to the readers. Special care has been taken to assess their performances based on their design approach, such as enhancing their drug loading and triggering release, designing intrinsic and extrinsic fluorophores, and/ or overcoming biological barriers. Besides, the state-of-the-art NIR-II IGDD platforms for different therapies like chemo-, photodynamic, photothermal, chemodynamic, immuno-, ion channel, gas-therapies, and multiple functions such as stimulus-responsive imaging and therapy, and monitoring of drug release and therapeutic response, have been updated. In addition, for boosting theranostic outcomes and clinical translation, the innovation directions of NIR-II IGDD platforms are summarized, including renal-clearable, biodegradable, sub-cellular targeting, and/or afterglow, chemiluminescence, X-ray excitable NIR-IGDD, and even cell therapy. This review will propel new directions for safe and efficient NIR-II fluorescence-mediated anticancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Roy
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen-518055, China
| | - Neelanjana Bag
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Souravi Bardhan
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Ikram Hasan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen-518055, China.
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2
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Mota-Silva I, Castanho MARB, Silva-Herdade AS. Towards Non-Invasive Intravital Microscopy: Advantages of Using the Ear Lobe Instead of the Cremaster Muscle. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040887. [PMID: 37109417 PMCID: PMC10145854 DOI: 10.3390/life13040887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is essential in the protection of the organism and wound repair, but in cases of chronic inflammation can also cause microvasculature deterioration. Thus, inflammation monitorization studies are important to test potential therapeutics. The intravital microscopy (IVM) technique monitors leukocyte trafficking in vivo, being a commonly used procedure to report systemic conditions. Although the cremaster muscle, an established protocol for IVM, may affect the hemodynamics because of its surgical preparation, only male animals are used, and longitudinal studies over time are not feasible. Thinking how this impacts future studies, our aim is to understand if the IVM technique can be successfully performed using the ear lobe instead of the cremaster muscle. Elevated IL-1β plasmatic concentrations confirmed the systemic inflammation developed in a diabetic animal model, while the elevated number of adherent and rolling leukocytes in the ear lobe allowed for the same conclusion. Thus, this study demonstrates that albeit its thickness, the ear lobe protocol for IVM is efficient, non-invasive, more reliable, cost-effective and timesaving.
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HS1 deficiency protects against sepsis by attenuating neutrophil-inflicted lung damage. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151214. [PMID: 35286924 PMCID: PMC10170315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains an important health problem worldwide due to inefficient treatments often resulting in multi-organ failure. Neutrophil recruitment is critical during sepsis. While neutrophils are required to combat invading bacteria, excessive neutrophil recruitment contributes to tissue damage due to their arsenal of molecular weapons that do not distinguish between host and pathogen. Thus, neutrophil recruitment needs to be fine-tuned to ensure bacterial killing, while avoiding neutrophil-inflicted tissue damage. We recently showed that the actin-binding protein HS1 promotes neutrophil extravasation; and hypothesized that HS1 is also a critical regulator of sepsis progression. We evaluated the role of HS1 in a model of lethal sepsis induced by cecal-ligation and puncture. We found that septic HS1-deficient mice had a better survival rate compared to WT mice due to absence of lung damage. Lungs of septic HS1-deficient mice showed less inflammation, fibrosis, and vascular congestion. Importantly, systemic CLP-induced neutrophil recruitment was attenuated in the lungs, the peritoneum and the cremaster in the absence of HS1. Lungs of HS1-deficient mice produced significantly more interleukin-10. Compared to WT neutrophils, those HS1-deficient neutrophils that reached the lungs had increased surface levels of Gr-1, ICAM-1, and L-selectin. Interestingly, HS1-deficient neutrophils had similar F-actin content and phagocytic activity, but they failed to polymerize actin and deform in response to CXCL-1 likely explaining the reduced systemic neutrophil recruitment in HS1-deficient mice. Our data show that HS1 deficiency protects against sepsis by attenuating neutrophil recruitment to amounts sufficient to combat bacterial infection, but insufficient to induce tissue damage.
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Choo YW, Jeong J, Jung K. Recent advances in intravital microscopy for investigation of dynamic cellular behavior in vivo. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 32475382 PMCID: PMC7396917 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.7.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, most biological research relies on conventional experimental techniques that allow only static analyses at certain time points in vitro or ex vivo. However, if one could visualize cellular dynamics in living organisms, that would provide a unique opportunity to study key biological phenomena in vivo. Intravital microscopy (IVM) encompasses diverse optical systems for direct viewing of objects, including biological structures and individual cells in live animals. With the current development of devices and techniques, IVM addresses important questions in various fields of biological and biomedical sciences. In this mini-review, we provide a general introduction to IVM and examples of recent applications in the field of immunology, oncology, and vascular biology. We also introduce an advanced type of IVM, dubbed real-time IVM, equipped with video-rate resonant scanning. Since the real-time IVM can render cellular dynamics with high temporal resolution in vivo, it allows visualization and analysis of rapid biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Woong Choo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Juhee Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Keehoon Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
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5
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Siegel PM, Bojti I, Bassler N, Holien J, Flierl U, Wang X, Waggershauser P, Tonnar X, Vedecnik C, Lamprecht C, Stankova I, Li T, Helbing T, Wolf D, Anto-Michel N, Mitre LS, Ehrlich J, Orlean L, Bender I, Przewosnik A, Mauler M, Hollederer L, Moser M, Bode C, Parker MW, Peter K, Diehl P. A DARPin targeting activated Mac-1 is a novel diagnostic tool and potential anti-inflammatory agent in myocarditis, sepsis and myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:17. [PMID: 33721106 PMCID: PMC7960600 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The monocyte β2-integrin Mac-1 is crucial for leukocyte–endothelium interaction, rendering it an attractive therapeutic target for acute and chronic inflammation. Using phage display, a Designed-Ankyrin-Repeat-Protein (DARPin) was selected as a novel binding protein targeting and blocking the αM I-domain, an activation-specific epitope of Mac-1. This DARPin, named F7, specifically binds to activated Mac-1 on mouse and human monocytes as determined by flow cytometry. Homology modelling and docking studies defined distinct interaction sites which were verified by mutagenesis. Intravital microscopy showed reduced leukocyte–endothelium adhesion in mice treated with this DARPin. Using mouse models of sepsis, myocarditis and ischaemia/reperfusion injury, we demonstrate therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, the activated Mac-1-specific DARPin is established as a tool to detect monocyte activation in patients receiving extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation, as well as suffering from sepsis and ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The activated Mac-1-specific DARPin F7 binds preferentially to activated monocytes, detects inflammation in critically ill patients, and inhibits monocyte and neutrophil function as an efficient new anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Siegel
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - István Bojti
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Bassler
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessica Holien
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ulrike Flierl
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philipp Waggershauser
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xavier Tonnar
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Vedecnik
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Constanze Lamprecht
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies/Synthetic Biology of Signalling Processes, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ivana Stankova
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tian Li
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Helbing
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nathaly Anto-Michel
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lucia Sol Mitre
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Ehrlich
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Orlean
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ileana Bender
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Przewosnik
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Mauler
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Hollederer
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Moser
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael W Parker
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia. .,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Philipp Diehl
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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6
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Schnoor M, Santos-Argumedo L, Girón-Pérez DA, Vadillo E. Analysis of B Cell Migration by Intravital Microscopy. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3842. [PMID: 33659491 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During immune responses, B cells home to lymph nodes (LNs), where they encounter antigens. Homing starts with capture and L-selectin-dependent rolling on the activated endothelium of high endothelial venules (HEV). After recognition of chemokines presented on HEV, activation of B cell integrins occurs mediating firm arrest. Subsequently, B cells crawl to the spot of extravasation to enter the LN. Extravasation can be visualized and quantified in vivo by intravital microscopy (IVM) of the inguinal LN. Here, we describe an established protocol that permits detailed in vivo analysis of B cell recruitment to LN under sterile inflammatory conditions. We describe data acquisition, exportation, quantification, and statistical analysis using specialized software. IVM of LN is a powerful technique that can provide a better understanding of B cell migratory behavior during inflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schnoor
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Santos-Argumedo
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Alberto Girón-Pérez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Calle Tres s/n. Col. Cd Industrial. Z.P. 63173. Tepic, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vadillo
- Oncology Research Unit (UIMEO). Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
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7
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De Niz M, Carvalho T, Penha-Gonçalves C, Agop-Nersesian C. Intravital imaging of host-parasite interactions in organs of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13201. [PMID: 32149435 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Infections with protozoan and helminthic parasites affect multiple organs in the mammalian host. Imaging pathogens in their natural environment takes a more holistic view on biomedical aspects of parasitic infections. Here, we focus on selected organs of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities most commonly affected by parasites. Parasitic infections of these organs are often associated with severe medical complications or have health implications beyond the infected individual. Intravital imaging has provided a more dynamic picture of the host-parasite interplay and contributed not only to our understanding of the various disease pathologies, but has also provided fundamental insight into the biology of the parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana De Niz
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tânia Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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8
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Endothelial Glycocalyx Shedding Occurs during Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion: A Pilot Study. J Transplant 2019; 2019:6748242. [PMID: 31534794 PMCID: PMC6732651 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6748242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Damage to the endothelium has been established as a key pathological process in lung transplantation and ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP), a new technology that provides a platform for the assessment of injured donor lungs. Damage to the lung endothelial glycocalyx, a structure that lines the endothelium and is integral to vascular barrier function, has been associated with lung dysfunction. We hypothesised that endothelial glycocalyx shedding occurs during EVLP and aimed to establish a porcine model to investigate the mechanism underlying glycocalyx breakdown during EVLP. Methods Concentrations of endothelial glycocalyx breakdown products, syndecan-1, hyaluronan, heparan sulphate, and CD44, were measured using the ELISA and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity by zymography in the perfusate of both human (n = 9) and porcine (n = 4) lungs undergoing EVLP. Porcine lungs underwent prolonged EVLP (up to 12 hours) with perfusion and ventilation parameters recorded hourly. Results During human EVLP, endothelial glycocalyx breakdown products in the perfusate increased over time. Increasing MMP-2 activity over time was positively correlated with levels of syndecan-1 (r = 0.886; p=0.03) and hyaluronan (r = 0.943; p=0.02). In the porcine EVLP model, hyaluronan was the only glycocalyx product detectable during EVLP (1 hr: 19 (13–84) vs 12 hr: 143 (109–264) ng/ml; p=0.13). Porcine hyaluronan was associated with MMP-9 activity (r = 0.83; p=0.02) and also with dynamic compliance (r = 0.57; p=0.03). Conclusion Endothelial glycocalyx products accumulate during both porcine and human EVLP, and this accumulation parallels an accumulation of matrix-degrading enzyme activity. Preliminary evidence in our porcine EVLP model suggests that shedding may be related to organ function, thus warranting additional study.
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9
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Corliss BA, Mathews C, Doty R, Rohde G, Peirce SM. Methods to label, image, and analyze the complex structural architectures of microvascular networks. Microcirculation 2019; 26:e12520. [PMID: 30548558 PMCID: PMC6561846 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular networks play key roles in oxygen transport and nutrient delivery to meet the varied and dynamic metabolic needs of different tissues throughout the body, and their spatial architectures of interconnected blood vessel segments are highly complex. Moreover, functional adaptations of the microcirculation enabled by structural adaptations in microvascular network architecture are required for development, wound healing, and often invoked in disease conditions, including the top eight causes of death in the Unites States. Effective characterization of microvascular network architectures is not only limited by the available techniques to visualize microvessels but also reliant on the available quantitative metrics that accurately delineate between spatial patterns in altered networks. In this review, we survey models used for studying the microvasculature, methods to label and image microvessels, and the metrics and software packages used to quantify microvascular networks. These programs have provided researchers with invaluable tools, yet we estimate that they have collectively attained low adoption rates, possibly due to limitations with basic validation, segmentation performance, and nonstandard sets of quantification metrics. To address these existing constraints, we discuss opportunities to improve effectiveness, rigor, and reproducibility of microvascular network quantification to better serve the current and future needs of microvascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Corliss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Corbin Mathews
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Richard Doty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Gustavo Rohde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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10
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Uz Z, van Gulik TM, Aydemirli MD, Guerci P, Ince Y, Cuppen D, Ergin B, Aksu U, de Mol BA, Ince C. Identification and quantification of human microcirculatory leukocytes using handheld video microscopes at the bedside. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018. [PMID: 29517420 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00962.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte recruitment and adhesion to the endothelium are hallmarks of systemic inflammation that manifest in a wide range of diseases. At present, no method is available to directly measure leukocyte kinetics at the bedside. In this study, we validate a new method to identify and quantify microcirculatory leukocytes observed by handheld vital microscopy (HVM) using space-time diagram (STD) analysis. Video clips ( n = 59) containing one capillary-postcapillary venule unit where leukocytes could be observed emanating from a capillary into a venule in cardiac surgery patients ( n = 20) were included. STD analysis and manual counting were used to quantify the number of leukocytes (total, rolling, and nonrolling). Pearson's correlation and Bland-Altman analysis were used to determine agreement between the STDs and manual counting. For reproducibility, intra- and interobserver coefficients of variation (CVs) were assessed. Leukocyte (rolling and nonrolling) and red blood cell velocities were assessed. The STDs and manual counting procedures for the quantification of rolling leukocytes showed good agreement ( r = 0.8197, P < 0.0001), with a Bland-Altman analysis mean difference of -0.0 (-6.56; 6.56). The overall intraobserver CV for the STD method was 1.5%. The overall interobserver CVs for the STD and the manual method were 5.6% and 9.4%, respectively. The nonrolling velocity was significantly higher than the rolling velocity (812 ± 519 µm/s vs. 201 ± 149 µm/s, P = 0.001). STD results agreed with the manual counting procedure results, had a better reproducibility, and could assess the leukocyte velocity. STD analysis using bedside HVM imaging presented a new methodology for quantifying leukocyte kinetics and functions in the microcirculation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we introduce space-time diagram analysis of sublingual microcirculation imaging using handheld vital microscopy to identify and quantify the presence and kinetics of human microcirculatory leukocytes. We validated the methodology by choosing anatomical units consisting of a capillary connected to a venule, which allowed precise identification of leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zühre Uz
- Department of Translational Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Thomas M van Gulik
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Mehtap D Aydemirli
- Department of Translational Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Guerci
- Department of Translational Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Yasin Ince
- Department of Translational Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Diede Cuppen
- Department of Translational Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Bulent Ergin
- Department of Translational Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC University Hospital Rotterdam , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Ugur Aksu
- Department of Translational Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Department of Biology, The University of Istanbul , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Bas A de Mol
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Can Ince
- Department of Translational Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC University Hospital Rotterdam , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
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11
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Hu S, Liu Y, You T, Heath J, Xu L, Zheng X, Wang A, Wang Y, Li F, Yang F, Cao Y, Zhang H, van Gils JM, van Zonneveld AJ, Jo H, Wu Q, Zhang Y, Tang C, Zhu L. Vascular Semaphorin 7A Upregulation by Disturbed Flow Promotes Atherosclerosis Through Endothelial β1 Integrin. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 38:335-343. [PMID: 29269512 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence suggests a role of semaphorins in vascular homeostasis. Here, we investigate the role of Sema7A (semaphorin 7A) in atherosclerosis and its underlying mechanism. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using genetically engineered Sema7A-/-ApoE-/- mice, we showed that deletion of Sema7A attenuates atherosclerotic plaque formation primarily in the aorta of ApoE-/- mice on a high-fat diet. A higher level of Sema7A in the atheroprone lesser curvature suggests a correlation of Sema7A with disturbed flow. This notion is supported by elevated Sema7A expression in human umbilical venous endothelial cells either subjected to oscillatory shear stress or treated with the PKA (protein kinase A)/CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) inhibitor H89 (N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide·2HCl hydrate). Further studies using the partial carotid artery ligation model showed that disturbed flow in the left carotid artery of Sema7A+/+ApoE-/- mice promoted the expression of endothelial Sema7A and cell adhesion molecules, leukocyte adhesion, and plaque formation, whereas such changes were attenuated in Sema7A-/-ApoE-/- mice. Further studies showed that blockage of β1 integrin, a known Sema7A receptor, or inhibition of FAK (focal adhesion kinase), MEK1/2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2), or NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) significantly reduced the expression of cell adhesion molecules and THP-1 (human acute monocytic leukemia cell line) monocyte adhesion in Sema7A-overexpressing human umbilical venous endothelial cells. Studies using chimeric mice suggest that vascular, most likely endothelial, Sema7A plays a major role in atherogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate a significant role of Sema7A in atherosclerosis by mediating endothelial dysfunction in a β1 integrin-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Hu
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., L.X., Y.W., F.L., F.Y., Y.C., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (X.Z., A.W., Y.Z.), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (X.Z., A.W., Q.W., Y.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (J.H., H.J.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (H.Z., J.M.v.G., A.J.v.Z.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (Q.W.)
| | - Yifei Liu
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., L.X., Y.W., F.L., F.Y., Y.C., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (X.Z., A.W., Y.Z.), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (X.Z., A.W., Q.W., Y.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (J.H., H.J.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (H.Z., J.M.v.G., A.J.v.Z.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (Q.W.)
| | - Tao You
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., L.X., Y.W., F.L., F.Y., Y.C., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (X.Z., A.W., Y.Z.), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (X.Z., A.W., Q.W., Y.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (J.H., H.J.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (H.Z., J.M.v.G., A.J.v.Z.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (Q.W.)
| | - Jack Heath
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., L.X., Y.W., F.L., F.Y., Y.C., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (X.Z., A.W., Y.Z.), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (X.Z., A.W., Q.W., Y.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (J.H., H.J.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (H.Z., J.M.v.G., A.J.v.Z.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (Q.W.)
| | - Linru Xu
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., L.X., Y.W., F.L., F.Y., Y.C., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (X.Z., A.W., Y.Z.), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (X.Z., A.W., Q.W., Y.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (J.H., H.J.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (H.Z., J.M.v.G., A.J.v.Z.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (Q.W.)
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., L.X., Y.W., F.L., F.Y., Y.C., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (X.Z., A.W., Y.Z.), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (X.Z., A.W., Q.W., Y.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (J.H., H.J.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (H.Z., J.M.v.G., A.J.v.Z.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (Q.W.)
| | - Aili Wang
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., L.X., Y.W., F.L., F.Y., Y.C., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (X.Z., A.W., Y.Z.), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (X.Z., A.W., Q.W., Y.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (J.H., H.J.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (H.Z., J.M.v.G., A.J.v.Z.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (Q.W.)
| | - Yinyan Wang
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., L.X., Y.W., F.L., F.Y., Y.C., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (X.Z., A.W., Y.Z.), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (X.Z., A.W., Q.W., Y.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (J.H., H.J.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (H.Z., J.M.v.G., A.J.v.Z.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (Q.W.)
| | - Fengchan Li
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., L.X., Y.W., F.L., F.Y., Y.C., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (X.Z., A.W., Y.Z.), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (X.Z., A.W., Q.W., Y.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (J.H., H.J.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (H.Z., J.M.v.G., A.J.v.Z.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (Q.W.)
| | - Fei Yang
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., L.X., Y.W., F.L., F.Y., Y.C., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (X.Z., A.W., Y.Z.), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (X.Z., A.W., Q.W., Y.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (J.H., H.J.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (H.Z., J.M.v.G., A.J.v.Z.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (Q.W.)
| | - Yiren Cao
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., L.X., Y.W., F.L., F.Y., Y.C., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (X.Z., A.W., Y.Z.), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (X.Z., A.W., Q.W., Y.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (J.H., H.J.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (H.Z., J.M.v.G., A.J.v.Z.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (Q.W.)
| | - Huayu Zhang
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., L.X., Y.W., F.L., F.Y., Y.C., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (X.Z., A.W., Y.Z.), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (X.Z., A.W., Q.W., Y.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (J.H., H.J.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (H.Z., J.M.v.G., A.J.v.Z.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (Q.W.)
| | - Janine M van Gils
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., L.X., Y.W., F.L., F.Y., Y.C., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (X.Z., A.W., Y.Z.), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (X.Z., A.W., Q.W., Y.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (J.H., H.J.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (H.Z., J.M.v.G., A.J.v.Z.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (Q.W.)
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., L.X., Y.W., F.L., F.Y., Y.C., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (X.Z., A.W., Y.Z.), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (X.Z., A.W., Q.W., Y.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (J.H., H.J.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (H.Z., J.M.v.G., A.J.v.Z.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (Q.W.)
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., L.X., Y.W., F.L., F.Y., Y.C., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (X.Z., A.W., Y.Z.), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (X.Z., A.W., Q.W., Y.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (J.H., H.J.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (H.Z., J.M.v.G., A.J.v.Z.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (Q.W.)
| | - Qingyu Wu
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., L.X., Y.W., F.L., F.Y., Y.C., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (X.Z., A.W., Y.Z.), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (X.Z., A.W., Q.W., Y.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (J.H., H.J.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (H.Z., J.M.v.G., A.J.v.Z.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (Q.W.)
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., L.X., Y.W., F.L., F.Y., Y.C., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (X.Z., A.W., Y.Z.), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (X.Z., A.W., Q.W., Y.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (J.H., H.J.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (H.Z., J.M.v.G., A.J.v.Z.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (Q.W.)
| | - Chaojun Tang
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., L.X., Y.W., F.L., F.Y., Y.C., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (X.Z., A.W., Y.Z.), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (X.Z., A.W., Q.W., Y.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (J.H., H.J.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (H.Z., J.M.v.G., A.J.v.Z.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (Q.W.).
| | - Li Zhu
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., L.X., Y.W., F.L., F.Y., Y.C., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (X.Z., A.W., Y.Z.), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province (S.H., Y.L., T.Y., Q.W., C.T., L.Z.), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (X.Z., A.W., Q.W., Y.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (J.H., H.J.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (H.Z., J.M.v.G., A.J.v.Z.); and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (Q.W.).
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Silva-Herdade AS, Andolina G, Faggio C, Calado Â, Saldanha C. Erythrocyte deformability — A partner of the inflammatory response. Microvasc Res 2016; 107:34-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Kirui DK, Ferrari M. Intravital Microscopy Imaging Approaches for Image-Guided Drug Delivery Systems. Curr Drug Targets 2016; 16:528-41. [PMID: 25901526 DOI: 10.2174/1389450116666150330114030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rapid technical advances in the field of non-linear microscopy have made intravital microscopy a vital pre-clinical tool for research and development of imaging-guided drug delivery systems. The ability to dynamically monitor the fate of macromolecules in live animals provides invaluable information regarding properties of drug carriers (size, charge, and surface coating), physiological, and pathological processes that exist between point-of-injection and the projected of site of delivery, all of which influence delivery and effectiveness of drug delivery systems. In this Review, we highlight how integrating intravital microscopy imaging with experimental designs (in vitro analyses and mathematical modeling) can provide unique information critical in the design of novel disease-relevant drug delivery platforms with improved diagnostic and therapeutic indexes. The Review will provide the reader an overview of the various applications for which intravital microscopy has been used to monitor the delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents and discuss some of their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of NanoMedicine, 6670 Bertner Avenue, MS R8-460, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Conceição K, Magalhães PR, Campos SRR, Domingues MM, Ramu VG, Michalek M, Bertani P, Baptista AM, Heras M, Bardaji ER, Bechinger B, Ferreira ML, Castanho MARB. The anti-inflammatory action of the analgesic kyotorphin neuropeptide derivatives: insights of a lipid-mediated mechanism. Amino Acids 2015; 48:307-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Chen X, Kezic JM, Forrester JV, Goldberg GL, Wicks IP, Bernard CC, McMenamin PG. In vivo multi-modal imaging of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in transgenic reporter mice reveals the dynamic nature of inflammatory changes during disease progression. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:17. [PMID: 25623142 PMCID: PMC4336748 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) is a widely used experimental animal model of human endogenous posterior uveoretinitis. In the present study, we performed in vivo imaging of the retina in transgenic reporter mice to investigate dynamic changes in exogenous inflammatory cells and endogenous immune cells during the disease process. Methods Transgenic mice (C57Bl/6 J Cx3cr1GFP/+, C57Bl/6 N CD11c-eYFP, and C57Bl/6 J LysM-eGFP) were used to visualize the dynamic changes of myeloid-derived cells, putative dendritic cells and neutrophils during EAU. Transgenic mice were monitored with multi-modal fundus imaging camera over five time points following disease induction with the retinal auto-antigen, interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP1–20). Disease severity was quantified with both clinical and histopathological grading. Results In the normal C57Bl/6 J Cx3cr1GFP/+ mouse Cx3cr1-expressing microglia were evenly distributed in the retina. In C57Bl/6 N CD11c-eYFP mice clusters of CD11c-expressing cells were noted in the retina and in C57Bl/6 J LysM-eGFP mice very low numbers of LysM-expressing neutrophils were observed in the fundus. Following immunization with IRBP1–20, fundus examination revealed accumulations of Cx3cr1-GFP+ myeloid cells, CD11c-eYFP+ cells and LysM-eGFP+ myelomonocytic cells around the optic nerve head and along retinal vessels as early as day 14 post-immunization. CD11c-eYFP+ cells appear to resolve marginally earlier (day 21 post-immunization) than Cx3cr1-GFP+ and LysM-eGFP+ cells. The clinical grading of EAU in transgenic mice correlated closely with histopathological grading. Conclusions These results illustrate that in vivo fundus imaging of transgenic reporter mice allows direct visualization of various exogenously and endogenously derived leukocyte types during EAU progression. This approach acts as a valuable adjunct to other methods of studying the clinical course of EAU. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0235-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangting Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jelena M Kezic
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - John V Forrester
- Section of Immunology and Infection, Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Medical Science, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. .,Ocular Immunology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia. .,Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Gabrielle L Goldberg
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Ian P Wicks
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Claude C Bernard
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Paul G McMenamin
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Nalbantoglu U. Microcirculation Model for Invasive Animal Monitoring. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6335-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gittens BR, Wright RD, Cooper D. Methods for assessing the effects of galectins on leukocyte trafficking. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1207:133-151. [PMID: 25253138 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1396-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Numerous protocols exist for investigating leukocyte recruitment both in vitro and in vivo. Here we describe three of these methods; an in vitro flow chamber assay, intravital microscopy, and zymosan-induced peritonitis, and give details as to how they can be used to study the actions of galectins on this crucial process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice R Gittens
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK
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Amsellem V, Dryden NH, Martinelli R, Gavins F, Almagro LO, Birdsey GM, Haskard DO, Mason JC, Turowski P, Randi AM. ICAM-2 regulates vascular permeability and N-cadherin localization through ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins and Rac-1 signalling. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:12. [PMID: 24593809 PMCID: PMC4015342 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-12-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial junctions control functions such as permeability, angiogenesis and contact inhibition. VE-Cadherin (VECad) is essential for the maintenance of intercellular contacts. In confluent endothelial monolayers, N-Cadherin (NCad) is mostly expressed on the apical and basal membrane, but in the absence of VECad it localizes at junctions. Both cadherins are required for vascular development. The intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-2, also localized at endothelial junctions, is involved in leukocyte recruitment and angiogenesis. Results In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), both VECad and NCad were found at nascent cell contacts of sub-confluent monolayers, but only VECad localized at the mature junctions of confluent monolayers. Inhibition of ICAM-2 expression by siRNA caused the appearance of small gaps at the junctions and a decrease in NCad junctional staining in sub-confluent monolayers. Endothelioma lines derived from WT or ICAM-2-deficient mice (IC2neg) lacked VECad and failed to form junctions, with loss of contact inhibition. Re-expression of full-length ICAM-2 (IC2 FL) in IC2neg cells restored contact inhibition through recruitment of NCad at the junctions. Mutant ICAM-2 lacking the binding site for ERM proteins (IC2 ΔERM) or the cytoplasmic tail (IC2 ΔTAIL) failed to restore junctions. ICAM-2-dependent Rac-1 activation was also decreased in these mutant cell lines. Barrier function, measured in vitro via transendothelial electrical resistance, was decreased in IC2neg cells, both in resting conditions and after thrombin stimulation. This was dependent on ICAM-2 signalling to the small GTPase Rac-1, since transendothelial electrical resistance of IC2neg cells was restored by constitutively active Rac-1. In vivo, thrombin-induced extravasation of FITC-labeled albumin measured by intravital fluorescence microscopy in the mouse cremaster muscle showed that permeability was increased in ICAM-2-deficient mice compared to controls. Conclusions These results indicate that ICAM-2 regulates endothelial barrier function and permeability through a pathway involving N-Cadherin, ERMs and Rac-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna M Randi
- Imperial College for Translational and Experimental Medicine, NHLI Vascular Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12, ONN, UK.
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Boybeyi Ö, Yazici İ, Ünlü G, Aslan MK, Soyer T. Intravital microscopic evaluation of cremasteric microcirculation in experimental testicular torsion. J Pediatr Urol 2013; 9:940-4. [PMID: 23375616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Although absent cremasteric reflex is a significant clinical finding for testicular torsion (TT), there is limited information about microcirculation of the cremasteric muscle (CM) after TT. This experimental study was performed to evaluate CM microcirculation by intravital microscopy after TT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve Wistar rats were allocated into two equal groups: control (CG) and torsion (TG). After anesthetization of the CG rats, the CM flap was dissected through a left ventral inguinal incision with its vascular pedicle. In TG rats, TT was performed by rotating left testicles 720(°) in clockwise direction for 1 h. Then, the CM flap was dissected as in CG, and was placed under an intravital microscope. Vessel diameters, functional capillary perfusion and leukocyte activation in post-capillary venules were measured and evaluated statistically. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in vessel diameter in TG compared to CG (p < 0.05). The median of perfused capillaries in CG and TG was 13 (11.75-14.30) and 5.5 (4.75-7.25), respectively (p < 0.05). Number of granulocytes (rolling, sticking, transmigrated) was greater in TG than CG (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Intravital microscopic evaluation of CM after TT showed decrease in vessel diameter and number of perfused capillaries, and increase in granulocyte activation. Clinical, electrophysiological alterations in CM after TT can be explained by deterioration of microcirculation of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Boybeyi
- Kırıkkale University, Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
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20
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Donndorf P, Ludwig M, Wildschütz F, Useini D, Kaminski A, Vollmar B, Steinhoff G. Intravital microscopy of the microcirculation in the mouse cremaster muscle for the analysis of peripheral stem cell migration. J Vis Exp 2013:e50485. [PMID: 24300446 DOI: 10.3791/50485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of intravascular cell application protocols in the context of regenerative cell therapy, the underlying mechanisms of stem cell migration to nonmarrow tissue have not been completely clarified. We describe here the technique of intravital microscopy applied to the mouse cremaster microcirculation for analysis of peripheral bone marrow stem cell migration in vivo. Intravital microscopy of the M. cremaster has been previously introduced in the field of inflammatory research for direct observation of leucocyte interaction with the vascular endothelium. Since sufficient peripheral stem and progenitor cell migration includes similar initial steps of rolling along and firm adhesion at the endothelial lining it is conceivable to apply the M. cremaster model for the observation and quantification of the interaction of intravasculary administered stem cells with the endothelium. As various chemical components can be selectively applied to the target tissue by simple superfusion techniques, it is possible to establish essential microenvironmental preconditions, for initial stem cell recruitment to take place in a living organism outside the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Donndorf
- Reference and Translation Centre for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Rostock
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21
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Hughes EL, Cover PO, Buckingham JC, Gavins FNE. Role and interactions of annexin A1 and oestrogens in the manifestation of sexual dimorphisms in cerebral and systemic inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 169:539-53. [PMID: 22897118 PMCID: PMC3682703 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Gender differences in inflammation are well described, with females often showing more robust, oestrogen-associated responses. Here, we investigated the influence of gender, oestrogen and the anti-inflammatory protein annexin A1 (AnxA1) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in murine cerebral and mesenteric microvascular beds. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Intravital microscopy was used to visualize and quantify the effects of LPS (10 μg·per mouse i.p.) on leukocyte-endothelial interactions in male and female wild-type (WT) mice. The effects of ovariectomy ± oestrogen replacement were examined in WT and AnxA1-null (AnxA1(-/-) ) female mice. KEY RESULTS LPS increased leukocyte adherence in the cerebral and mesenteric beds of both male and female WT mice; females showed exacerbated responses in the brain versus males, but not the mesentery. Ovariectomy further enhanced LPS-induced adhesion in the brain but not the mesentery; its effects were reversed by oestrogen treatment. OVX AnxA1(-/-) mice also showed exaggerated adhesive responses to LPS in the brain. However, these were unresponsive to ovariectomy and, paradoxically, responded to oestrogen with a pronounced increase in basal and LPS-induced leukocyte adhesion in the cerebrovasculature. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data confirm the fundamental role of AnxA1 in limiting the inflammatory response in the central and peripheral microvasculature. They also (i) show that oestrogen acts via an AnxA1-dependent mechanism to protect the cerebral, but not the mesenteric, vasculature from the damaging effects of LPS and (ii) reveal a paradoxical and potentially toxic effect of the steroid in potentiating the central response to LPS in the absence of AnxA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L Hughes
- Wolfson Neuroscience Laboratories, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Patricia O Cover
- Wolfson Neuroscience Laboratories, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Julia C Buckingham
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
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van Gils JM, Ramkhelawon B, Fernandes L, Stewart MC, Guo L, Seibert T, Menezes GB, Cara DC, Chow C, Kinane TB, Fisher EA, Balcells M, Alvarez-Leite J, Lacy-Hulbert A, Moore KJ. Endothelial expression of guidance cues in vessel wall homeostasis dysregulation under proatherosclerotic conditions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:911-9. [PMID: 23430612 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.301155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emerging evidence suggests that neuronal guidance cues, typically expressed during development, are involved in both physiological and pathological immune responses. We hypothesized that endothelial expression of such guidance cues may regulate leukocyte trafficking into the vascular wall during atherogenesis. APPROACH AND RESULTS We demonstrate that members of the netrin, semaphorin, and ephrin family of guidance molecules are differentially regulated under conditions that promote or protect from atherosclerosis. Netrin-1 and semaphorin3A are expressed by coronary artery endothelial cells and potently inhibit chemokine-directed migration of human monocytes. Endothelial expression of these negative guidance cues is downregulated by proatherogenic factors, including oscillatory shear stress and proinflammatory cytokines associated with monocyte entry into the vessel wall. Furthermore, we show using intravital microscopy that inhibition of netrin-1 or semaphorin3A using blocking peptides increases leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium. Unlike netrin-1 and semaphorin3A, the guidance cue ephrinB2 is upregulated under proatherosclerotic flow conditions and functions as a chemoattractant, increasing leukocyte migration in the absence of additional chemokines. CONCLUSIONS The concurrent regulation of negative and positive guidance cues may facilitate leukocyte infiltration of the endothelium through a balance between chemoattraction and chemorepulsion. These data indicate a previously unappreciated role for axonal guidance cues in maintaining the endothelial barrier and regulating leukocyte trafficking during atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine M van Gils
- Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, NewYork University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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23
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Merrill-Skoloff G, Dubois C, Atkinson B, Furie B, Furie B. Real Time In Vivo Imaging of Platelets During Thrombus Formation. Platelets 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387837-3.00031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Gavins FNE. Intravital microscopy: new insights into cellular interactions. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2012; 12:601-7. [PMID: 22981814 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the body's way of combating invading pathogens or noxious stimuli. Under normal conditions, the complex host response of rubor, dolor, calor, tumor, and functio laesa is essential for survival and the return to homeostasis. However, unregulated inflammation is all too often observed in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, stroke, and cancer. The host inflammatory response is governed by a number of tightly regulated processes that enable cellular trafficking to occur at the sites of damage to ultimately ensure the resolution of inflammation. Intravital microscopy (IVM) provides quantitative, qualitative, and dynamic insights into cell biology and these cellular interactions. This review highlights the pros and cons of this specialized technique and how it has evolved to help understand the physiology and pathophysiology of inflammatory events in a number of different disease states, leading to a number of potential therapeutic targets for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity N E Gavins
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.
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25
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Reyes-Aldasoro CC, Björndahl MA, Akerman S, Ibrahim J, Griffiths MK, Tozer GM. Online chromatic and scale-space microvessel-tracing analysis for transmitted light optical images. Microvasc Res 2012; 84:330-9. [PMID: 22982542 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Limited contrast in transmitted light optical images from intravital microscopy is problematic for analysing tumour vascular morphology. Moreover, in some cases, changes in vasculature are visible to a human observer but are not easy to quantify. In this paper two online algorithms are presented: scale-space vessel tracing and chromatic decomposition for analysis of the vasculature of SW1222 human colorectal carcinoma xenografts growing in dorsal skin-fold "window" chambers in mice. Transmitted light optical images of tumours were obtained from mice treated with the tumour vascular disrupting agent, combretastatin-A-4-phosphate (CA4P), or saline. The tracing algorithm was validated against hand-traced vessels with accurate results. The measurements extracted with the algorithms confirmed the known effects of CA4P on tumour vascular topology. Furthermore, changes in the chromaticity suggest a deoxygenation of the blood with a recovery to initial levels in CA4P-treated tumours relative to the controls. The algorithms can be freely applied to other studies through the CAIMAN website (CAncer IMage ANalysis: http://www.caiman.org.uk).
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantino Carlos Reyes-Aldasoro
- Biomedical Engineering Research Group, Department of Engineering and Design, 2B10 Shawcross Building, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QT, UK.
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26
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Leinster DA, Kulbe H, Everitt G, Thompson R, Perretti M, Gavins FNE, Cooper D, Gould D, Ennis DP, Lockley M, McNeish IA, Nourshargh S, Balkwill FR. The peritoneal tumour microenvironment of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. J Pathol 2012; 227:136-45. [PMID: 22322968 PMCID: PMC3609073 DOI: 10.1002/path.4002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) disseminates early and extensively throughout the peritoneal space, causing multiple lesions that are a major clinical problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular composition of peritoneal tumour deposits in patient biopsies and their evolution in mouse models using immunohistochemistry, intravital microscopy, confocal microscopy, and 3D modelling. Tumour deposits from the omentum of HGSC patients contained a prominent leukocyte infiltrate of CD3(+) T cells and CD68(+) macrophages, with occasional neutrophils. Alpha-smooth muscle actin(+) (α-SMA(+) ) pericytes and/or fibroblasts surrounded these well-vascularized tumour deposits. Using the murine bowel mesentery as an accessible mouse peritoneal tissue that could be easily imaged, and two different transplantable models, we found multiple microscopic tumour deposits after i.p. injection of malignant cells. Attachment to the peritoneal surface was rapid (6-48 h) with an extensive CD45(+) leukocyte infiltrate visible by 48 h. This infiltrate persisted until end point and in the syngeneic murine ID8 model, it primarily consisted of CD3(+) T lymphocytes and CD68(+) macrophages with α-SMA(+) cells also involved from the earliest stages. A majority of tumour deposits developed above existing mesenteric blood vessels, but in avascular spaces new blood vessels tracked towards the tumour deposits by 2-3 weeks in the IGROV-1 xenografts and 6 weeks in the ID8 syngeneic model; a vigorous convoluted blood supply was established by end point. Inhibition of tumour cell cytokine production by stable expression of shRNA to CXCR4 in IGROV-1 cells did not influence the attachment of cells to the mesentery but delayed neovascularization and reduced tumour deposit size. We conclude that the multiple peritoneal tumour deposits found in HGSC patients can be modelled in the mouse. The techniques described here may be useful for assessing treatments that target the disseminated stage of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Andrew Leinster
- Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M6BQ, UK
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27
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Xu N, Lei X, Liu L. Tracking neutrophil intraluminal crawling, transendothelial migration and chemotaxis in tissue by intravital video microscopy. J Vis Exp 2011:3296. [PMID: 21968530 DOI: 10.3791/3296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The recruitment of circulating leukocytes from blood stream to the inflamed tissue is a crucial and complex process of inflammation(1,2). In the postcapillary venules of inflamed tissue, leukocytes initially tether and roll on the luminal surface of venular wall. Rolling leukocytes arrest on endothelium and undergo firm adhesion in response to chemokine or other chemoattractants on the venular surface. Many adherent leukocytes relocate from the initial site of adhesion to the junctional extravasation site in endothelium, a process termed intraluminal crawling(3). Following crawling, leukocytes move across endothelium (transmigration) and migrate in extravascular tissue toward the source of chemoattractant (chemotaxis)(4). Intravital microscopy is a powerful tool for visualizing leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in vivo and revealing cellular and molecular mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment(2,5). In this report, we provide a comprehensive description of using brightfield intravital microscopy to visualize and determine the detailed processes of neutrophil recruitment in mouse cremaster muscle in response to the gradient of a neutrophil chemoattractant. To induce neutrophil recruitment, a small piece of agarose gel (~1-mm(3) size) containing neutrophil chemoattractant MIP-2 (CXCL2, a CXC chemokine) or WKYMVm (Trp-Lys-Tyr-Val-D-Met, a synthetic analog of bacterial peptide) is placed on the muscle tissue adjacent to the observed postcapillary venule. With time-lapsed video photography and computer software ImageJ, neutrophil intraluminal crawling on endothelium, neutrophil transendothelial migration and the migration and chemotaxis in tissue are visualized and tracked. This protocol allows reliable and quantitative analysis of many neutrophil recruitment parameters such as intraluminal crawling velocity, transmigration time, detachment time, migration velocity, chemotaxis velocity and chemotaxis index in tissue. We demonstrate that using this protocol, these neutrophil recruitment parameters can be stably determined and the single cell locomotion conveniently tracked in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najia Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
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28
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Conrad R, Jablonka S, Sczepan T, Sendtner M, Wiese S, Klausmeyer A. Lectin-based isolation and culture of mouse embryonic motoneurons. J Vis Exp 2011:3200. [PMID: 21946816 PMCID: PMC3230185 DOI: 10.3791/3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal motoneurons develop towards postmitotic stages through early embryonic nervous system development and subsequently grow out dendrites and axons. Neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube that express Nkx6.1 are the unique precursor cells for spinal motoneurons1. Though postmitotic motoneurons move towards their final position and organize themselves into columns along the spinal tract2,3. More than 90% of all these differentiated and positioned motoneurons express the transcription factors Islet 1/2. They innervate the muscles of the limbs as well as those of the body and the inner organs. Among others, motoneurons typically express the high affinity receptors for brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), the tropomyosin-related kinase B and C (TrkB, TrkC). They do not express the tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA)4. Beside the two high affinity receptors, motoneurons do express the low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75NTR. The p75NTR can bind all neurotrophins with similar but lower affinity to all neurotrophins than the high affinity receptors would bind the mature neurotrophins. Within the embryonic spinal cord, the p75NTR is exclusively expressed by the spinal motoneurons5. This has been used to develop motoneuron isolation techniques to purify the cells from the vast majority of surrounding cells6. Isolating motoneurons with the help of specific antibodies (panning) against the extracellular domains of p75NTR has turned out to be an expensive method as the amount of antibody used for a single experiment is high due to the size of the plate used for panning. A much more economical alternative is the use of lectin. Lectin has been shown to specifically bind to p75NTR as well7. The following method describes an alternative technique using wheat germ agglutinin for a preplating procedure instead of the p75NTR antibody. The lectin is an extremely inexpensive alternative to the p75NTR antibody and the purification grades using lectin are comparable to that of the p75NTR antibody. Motoneurons from the embryonic spinal cord can be isolated by this method, survive and grow out neurites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Conrad
- Institute for Cellmorphology and molecular Neurobiology, Group for Cellbiology, Ruhr-University Bochum
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29
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Roviezzo F, Brancaleone V, De Gruttola L, Vellecco V, Bucci M, D'Agostino B, Cooper D, Sorrentino R, Perretti M, Cirino G. Sphingosine-1-phosphate modulates vascular permeability and cell recruitment in acute inflammation in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 337:830-7. [PMID: 21421740 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.179168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingosine kinase (SPK)/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pathway recently has been associated with a variety of inflammatory-based diseases. The majority of these studies have been performed in vitro. Here, we have addressed the relevance of the SPK/S1P pathway in the acute inflammatory response in vivo by using different well known preclinical animal models. The study has been performed by operating a pharmacological modulation using 1) L-cycloserine and DL-threo-dihydrosphingosine (DTD), S1P synthesis inhibitors or 2) 2-undecyl-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (BML-241) and N-(2,6-dichloro-4-pyridinyl)-2-[1,3-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-hydrazinecarboxamide (JTE-013), specific S1P(2) and S1P(3) receptor antagonists. After local injection of carrageenan in mouse paw S1P release significantly increases locally and decreases during the resolution phase. Expression of SPKs and S1P(2) and S1P(3) receptors is increased in inflamed tissues. Administration of L-cycloserine or DTD caused a significant anti-inflammatory effect. By using different animal models we have also demonstrated that the SPK/S1P pathway contributes to changes in vascular permeability and promotes cell recruitment. The S1P effect on cell recruitment results is receptor-mediated because both JTE-013 and BML-241 inhibited zymosan-induced cell chemotaxis without effect on vascular leakage. Conversely, changes in vascular permeability involve mainly SPK activity, because compound 48/80-induced vascular leakage was significantly inhibited by DTD. In conclusion, the SPK/S1P pathway is involved in acute inflammation and could represent a valuable therapeutic target for developing a new class of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorentina Roviezzo
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Pathologic mechanisms of type 1 VWD mutations R1205H and Y1584C through in vitro and in vivo mouse models. Blood 2011; 117:4358-66. [PMID: 21346256 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-08-303727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 VWD is the mild to moderate reduction of VWF levels. This study examined the mechanisms underlying 2 common type 1 VWD mutations, the severe R1205H and more moderate Y1584C. In vitro biosynthesis was reduced for both mutations in human and mouse VWF, with the effect being more severe in R1205H. VWF knockout mice received hydrodynamic injections of mouse Vwf cDNA. Lower VWF antigen levels were demonstrated in both homozygous and heterozygous forms for both type 1 mutations from days 14-42. Recombinant protein infusions and hydrodynamic-expressed VWF propeptide to antigen ratios demonstrate that R1205H mouse VWF has an increased clearance rate, while Y1584C is normal. Recombinant ADAMTS13 digestions of Y1584C demonstrated enhanced cleavage of both human and mouse VWF115 substrates. Hydrodynamic-expressed VWF shows a loss of high molecular weight multimers for Y1584C compared with wild-type and R1205H. At normal physiologic levels of VWF, Y1584C showed reduced thrombus formation in a ferric chloride injury model while R1205H demonstrated similar thrombogenic activity to wild-type VWF. This study has elucidated several novel mechanisms for these mutations and highlights that the type 1 VWD phenotype can be recapitulated in the VWF knockout hydrodynamic injection model.
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Are formyl peptide receptors novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ischaemia-reperfusion injury? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2010; 31:266-76. [PMID: 20483490 PMCID: PMC7112865 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common feature of several diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. The damaged tissue displays cardinal signs of inflammation and microvascular injury that, unless resolved, lead to long-term tissue damage with associated dysfunction. Current therapies are limited and are often associated with many side effects. Increasing evidence suggests that members of the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) family, in particular human FPR2/ALX, might have an important role in the pathophysiology of I/R injury. It was recently demonstrated that several peptides and non-peptidyl small-molecule compounds have anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties via their action on members of the FPR family. Here I review this evidence and suggest that FPR ligands, particularly in the brain, could be novel and exciting anti-inflammatory therapeutics for the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions, including stroke.
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Leoni G, Voisin MB, Carlson K, Getting S, Nourshargh S, Perretti M. The melanocortin MC(1) receptor agonist BMS-470539 inhibits leucocyte trafficking in the inflamed vasculature. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:171-80. [PMID: 20331604 PMCID: PMC2860217 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00688.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Over three decades of research evaluating the biology of melanocortin (MC) hormones and synthetic peptides, activation of the MC type 1 (MC(1)) receptor has been identified as a viable target for the development of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents. Here, we have tested a recently described selective agonist of MC(1) receptors, BMS-470539, on leucocyte/post-capillary venule interactions in murine microvascular beds. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Intravital microscopy of two murine microcirculations were utilized, applying two distinct modes of promoting inflammation. The specificity of the effects of BMS-470539 was assessed using mice bearing mutant inactive MC(1) receptors (the recessive yellow e/e colony). KEY RESULTS BMS-470539, given before an ischaemia-reperfusion protocol, inhibited cell adhesion and emigration with no effect on cell rolling, as assessed 90 min into the reperfusion phase. These properties were paralleled by inhibition of tissue expression of both CXCL1 and CCL2. Confocal investigations of inflamed post-capillary venules revealed immunostaining for MC(1) receptors on adherent and emigrated leucocytes. Congruently, the anti-inflammatory properties of BMS-470539 were lost in mesenteries of mice bearing the inactive mutant MC(1) receptors. Therapeutic administration of BMS-470539 stopped cell emigration, but did not affect cell adhesion in the cremasteric microcirculation inflamed by superfusion with platelet-activating factor. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Activation of MC(1) receptors inhibited leucocyte adhesion and emigration. Development of new chemical entities directed at MC(1) receptors could be a viable approach in the development of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents with potential application to post-ischaemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Leoni
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Mutation-specific hemostatic variability in mice expressing common type 2B von Willebrand disease substitutions. Blood 2010; 115:4862-9. [PMID: 20371742 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-11-253120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2B von Willebrand disease (2B VWD) results from von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 mutations that enhance VWF-GPIbalpha binding. These "gain of function" mutations lead to an increased affinity of the mutant VWF for platelets and the binding of mutant high-molecular-weight VWF multimers to platelets in vivo, resulting in an increase in clearance of both platelets and VWF. Three common 2B VWD mutations (R1306W, V1316M, and R1341Q) were independently introduced into the mouse Vwf cDNA sequence and the expression vectors delivered to 8- to 10-week-old C57Bl6 VWF(-/-) mice, using hydrodynamic injection. The resultant phenotype was examined, and a ferric chloride-induced injury model was used to examine the thrombogenic effect of the 2B VWD variants in mice. Reconstitution of only the plasma component of VWF resulted in the generation of the 2B VWD phenotype in mice. Variable thrombocytopenia was observed in mice expressing 2B VWF, mimicking the severity seen in 2B VWD patients: mice expressing the V1316M mutation showed the most severe thrombocytopenia. Ferric chloride-induced injury to cremaster arterioles showed a marked reduction in thrombus development and platelet adhesion in the presence of circulating 2B VWF. These defects were only partially rescued by normal platelet transfusions, thus emphasizing the key role of the abnormal plasma VWF environment in 2B VWD.
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34
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Hughes EL, Gavins FN. Troubleshooting methods: Using intravital microscopy in drug research. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2010; 61:102-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Eksakulkla S, Suksom D, Siriviriyakul P, Patumraj S. Increased NO bioavailability in aging male rats by genistein and exercise training: using 4, 5-diaminofluorescein diacetate. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009; 7:93. [PMID: 19735570 PMCID: PMC2748080 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-7-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several kinds of anti-oxidants have drawn a lot of intention for their benefits on vascular protection. In addition, it has been demonstrated that exercise training could improve endothelial function by up-regulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effects of genistein, a potent phyto-antioxidant, and exercise training on age-induced endothelial dysfunction in relation to NO bioavailability using in situ NO-sensitive fluorescent dye detection. METHODS Male Wistar rats (20-22-month old) were divided into four groups: aged rats treated with corn oil, (Aged+Veh, n = 5), aged rats treated with genistein (Aged+Gen, n = 5, (0.25 mg/kg BW/day, s.c.)), aged rats with and without exercise training (Aged+Ex, n = 5, swimming 40 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks) (Aged+Without-Ex, n = 5). Cremaster arterioles (15-35 micrometer) were visualized by fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled dextran (5 microgram/ml). The vascular response to acetylcholine (Ach; 10(-5)M, 5 ml/5 min) was accessed after 1-min norepinephrine preconstriction (10 micro molar). To determine NO bioavailability, the Krebs-Ringer buffer with 4, 5-diaminofluorescein-diacetate (3 micro molar DAF-2DA), and 10 micro- molar Ach saturated with 95%N2 and 5%CO2 were used. Changes of DAF-2T-intensities along the cremaster arterioles were analyzed by the Image Pro-Plus Software (Media Cybernatics, Inc, USA). Liver malondialdehyde (MDA) level was measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction and used as an indicator for oxidative stress. RESULTS The results showed that means arterial blood pressure for both Aged+Gen and Aged+Ex groups were significantly reduced when compared to the Aged groups, Aged+Veh and Aged+Without-Ex (P < 0.05). Among the treated groups, Ach-induced vasodilatation were significantly increased (P < 0.05) and was associated with increased NO-associated fluorescent intensities (P < 0.05). On the other hand, MDA levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) when Aged+Veh was compared to Aged+Without-Ex. CONCLUSION These findings showed that genistein and exercise training could improve age-induced endothelial dysfunction and is related to the increased NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Eksakulkla
- Inter-department of Physiology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Daroonwan Suksom
- School of Sports Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Prasong Siriviriyakul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suthiluk Patumraj
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Kampfrath T, Deiuliis JA, Moffatt-Bruce SD, Anderson J, Sun Q, Wood K, Ostrowski MC, Rajagopalan S. A mouse model of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) expression in hematopoietic cells to assess leukocyte-endothelial interactions in the microcirculation. Microvasc Res 2009; 78:294-300. [PMID: 19682464 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 08/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we describe the use of intravital microscopy in a transgenic mouse model expressing yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) under the control of a monocyte specific promoter c-fms (CD115) to track and quantify specific leukocyte subsets. Flow cytometry on peripheral and bone marrow leukocytes revealed that YFP was predominantly expressed by CD11a(+), CD11b(+), and CD14(+) monocytes. In the bone marrow, 67+/-4% of Ly6C(high) F4/80(+) cells were YFP(high) while 55+/-1% of Ly6C(low) F4/80(+) cells were YFP(low) supporting the use of c-fms(YFP) expression as a marker of monocyte lineage. 70+/-7% of CD11b(+) F4/80(+) Ly6C(+) ("triple positive") cells expressed YFP. To assess leukocyte-endothelial interactions in YFP(+) cells in c-fms(YFP+) mice, we evaluated leukocyte adhesion, rolling and local shear stress responses in the cremasteric endothelium 4 h following administration of TNFalpha. TNFalpha resulted in a five-fold increase in adhesion of YFP(+) cells to the endothelium and provided superior discriminative ability in assessing rolling and adhesion events when compared with bright field microscopy. Additionally, when compared with Rhodamine-6G labeled leukocytes or GFP(+) cells in mice transplanted with green fluorescent protein (GFP) positive bone marrow, the level of detail observed in the c-fms(YFP+) was greater, with both GFP(+) and YFP(+) cells demonstrating superior signal to noise compared to bright field microscopy. A weak positive linear correlation between wall shear stress and YFP(+) cell adhesion (r(2)=0.20, p<0.05) was seen in the cremasteric microcirculation. Taken together, these data demonstrate the use of c-fms(YFP+) mice in identifying distinct monocyte subsets and highlight the potential of this model for real-time monocyte-endothelial interactions using intravital microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kampfrath
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 473 W. 12th Avenue, Room 110, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Piqueras L, Sanz MJ, Perretti M, Morcillo E, Norling L, Mitchell JA, Li Y, Bishop-Bailey D. Activation of PPARbeta/delta inhibits leukocyte recruitment, cell adhesion molecule expression, and chemokine release. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 86:115-22. [PMID: 19389799 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0508284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The infiltration of PMNs into tissues is a prominent feature in inflammation. The mechanism underlying PMN recruitment depends on the release of chemotactic mediators and CAM expression on endothelial cells. The nuclear receptor PPARbeta/delta is widely expressed in many tissues, including the vascular endothelium; however, its role in acute inflammation remains unclear. Using intravital microscopy in the mouse cremasteric microcirculation, we have shown that activation of PPARbeta/delta by its selective ligand GW501516 inhibits TNF-alpha-induced leukocyte rolling flux, adhesion, and emigration in a dose-dependant manner. Moreover, GW501516 reduced the expression of adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin in the cremasteric postcapillary venules. Similarly, rolling and adhesion of hPMNs under physiological flow on TNF-alpha-activated HUVECs were also inhibited markedly by GW501516. These inhibitory responses of GW501516 on activated endothelium were accompanied by a reduction in TNF-alpha-induced endothelial GRO-alpha release and VCAM-1, E-selectin, and ICAM-1 mRNA expression. Taken together, our results show that PPARbeta/delta modulates acute inflammation in vivo and in vitro under flow by targeting the neutrophil-endothelial cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Piqueras
- Fundacion Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Lee J, Jirapatnakul AC, Reeves AP, Crowe WE, Sarelius IH. Vessel diameter measurement from intravital microscopy. Ann Biomed Eng 2009; 37:913-26. [PMID: 19280342 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-009-9666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The blood vessel diameter is often measured in microcirculation studies to quantify the effects of various stimuli. Intravital video microscopy is used to measure the change in vessel diameter by first recording the video and analyzing it using electronic calipers or by using image shearing technique. Manual measurement using electronic calipers or image shearing is time-consuming and prone to measurement error, and automated measurement can serve as an alternative that is faster and more reliable. In this paper, a new feature-based tracking algorithm is presented for automatically measuring diameter of vessels in intravital video microscopy image sequences. Our method tracks the vessel diameter throughout the entire image sequence once the diameter is marked in the first image. The parameters were calibrated using the intravital videos with manual ground truth measurements. The experiment with 10 synthetic videos and 20 intravital microscopy videos, including 10 fluorescence confocal and 10 non-confocal transmission, shows that the measurement can be performed accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesung Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, 357 Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
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Frank PG, Lisanti MP. ICAM-1: role in inflammation and in the regulation of vascular permeability. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H926-H927. [PMID: 18689494 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00779.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Zychar BC, Castro NC, Marcelino JR, Gonçalves LRC. Phenol used as a preservative in Bothrops antivenom induces impairment in leukocyte–endothelial interactions. Toxicon 2008; 51:1151-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2007] [Revised: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Real-Time In Vivo Imaging of Platelets During Thrombus Formation. Platelets 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-012369367-9/50796-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Abstract
The emergence of synthesis strategies for the fabrication of nanosized contrast agents is anticipated to lead to advancements in understanding biological processes at the molecular level in addition to progress in the development of diagnostic tools and innovative therapies. Imaging agents such as fluorescent dye-doped silica nanoparticles, quantum dots and gold nanoparticles have overcome many of the limitations of conventional contrast agents (organic dyes) such as poor photostability, low quantum yield, insufficient in vitro and in vivo stability, etc. Such particulates are now being developed for absorbance and emission in the near infrared region, which is expected to allow for real time and deep tissue imaging via optical routes. Other efforts to facilitate deep tissue imaging with pre-existing technologies have lead to the development of multimodal nanoparticles which are both optical and MRI active. The main focus of this article is to provide an overview of properties and design of contrast agents such as dye-doped silica nanoparticles, quantum dots and gold nanoparticles for non-invasive bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvesh Sharma
- Particle Engineering Research Center and Material Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA
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Chandrasekharan UM, Siemionow M, Unsal M, Yang L, Poptic E, Bohn J, Ozer K, Zhou Z, Howe PH, Penn M, DiCorleto PE. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor-II is required for TNF-alpha-induced leukocyte-endothelial interaction in vivo. Blood 2006; 109:1938-44. [PMID: 17068152 PMCID: PMC1801063 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-05-020875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) binds to 2 distinct cell-surface receptors: TNF-alpha receptor-I (TNFR-I: p55) and TNF-alpha receptor-II (TNFR-II: p75). TNF-alpha induces leukocyte adhesion molecules on endothelial cells (ECs), which mediate 3 defined steps of the inflammatory response; namely, leukocyte rolling, firm adhesion, and transmigration. In this study, we have investigated the role of p75 in TNF-alpha-induced leukocyte adhesion molecules using cultured ECs derived from wild-type (WT), p75-null (p75-/-), or p55-null (p55-/-) mice. We observed that p75 was essential for TNF-alpha-induced E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression. We also investigated the putative role of p75 in inflammation in vivo using an intravital microscopic approach with a mouse cremaster muscle model. TNF-alpha-stimulated leukocyte rolling, firm adhesion to ECs, and transmigration were dramatically reduced in p75-/- mice. Transplanted WT cremaster in p75-/- mice showed a robust leukocyte rolling and firm adhesion upon TNF-alpha activation, suggesting that the impairment in EC-leukocyte interaction in p75-/- mice is due to EC dysfunction. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that endothelial p75 is essential for TNF-alpha-induced leukocyte-endothelial-cell interaction. Our findings may contribute to the identification of novel p75-targeted therapeutic approaches for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unni M Chandrasekharan
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA
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Johns DG, Ao Z, Eybye M, Olzinski A, Costell M, Gruver S, Smith SA, Douglas SA, Macphee CH. Rosiglitazone Protects against Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Leukocyte Adhesion in the Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 315:1020-7. [PMID: 16123307 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.090993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis increases the risk of mortality in type 2 diabetic patients. Leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium is a critical step in atherogenesis. In addition to its insulin-sensitizing effects, rosiglitazone (RSG) possesses anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effects of RSG on the initial phase of leukocyte recruitment (rolling, adhesion) have not been studied in vivo. This study tested the hypothesis that RSG treatment of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats inhibits ischemia/reperfusion-induced leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium. Male ZDF rats (16 weeks) were treated with RSG (3 mg/kg/day, p.o.) 7 days before experimentation. Leukocyte-endothelial interactions in cremaster venules were recorded using intravital microscopy prior to 30 min of ischemia and during a 90-min reperfusion period. Although blood pressure, plasma glucose, and insulin were not different between treatment groups, RSG treatment was associated with reduced leukocyte rolling and inhibition of leukocyte adhesion throughout the reperfusion period (P < 0.01). Cremaster mRNA expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) was reduced by 35% in RSG-treated animals (P < 0.01), whereas P- and E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were unchanged. Immunostaining for P-selectin, E-selectin, and VCAM-1 was reduced by 21, 61, and 50%, respectively (for all, P < 0.05), in RSG-treated animals. Inhibition of ischemia/reperfusion-induced leukocyte adhesion might contribute to the utility of RSG as a therapy for vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G Johns
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis, GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Rd, UW2510, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
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Chatterjee BE, Yona S, Rosignoli G, Young RE, Nourshargh S, Flower RJ, Perretti M. Annexin 1-deficient neutrophils exhibit enhanced transmigration in vivo and increased responsiveness in vitro. J Leukoc Biol 2005; 78:639-46. [PMID: 16000391 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0405206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the endogenous anti-inflammatory mediator annexin 1 (AnxA1) in controlling polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) trafficking and activation was addressed using the recently generated AnxA1 null mouse. In the zymosan peritonitis model, AnxA1 null mice displayed a higher degree (50-70%) of PMN recruitment compared with wild-type littermate mice, and this was associated with reduced numbers of F4/80+ cells. Intravital microscopy analysis of the cremaster microcirculation inflamed by zymosan (6 h time-point) indicated a greater extent of leukocyte emigration, but not rolling or adhesion, in AnxA1 null mice. Real-time analysis of the cremaster microcirculation did not show spontaneous activation in the absence of AnxA1; however, superfusion with a direct-acting PMN activator (1 nM platelet-activating factor) revealed a subtle yet significant increase in leukocyte emigration, but not rolling or adhesion, in this genotype. Changes in the microcirculation were not secondary to alterations in hemodynamic parameters. The phenotype of the AnxA1 null PMN was investigated in two in vitro assays of cell activation (CD11b membrane expression and chemotaxis): the data obtained indicated a higher degree of cellular responses irrespective of the stimulus used. In conclusion, we have used a combination of inflammatory protocols and in vitro assays to address the specific counter-regulatory role of endogenous AnxA1, demonstrating its inhibitory control on PMN activation and the consequent impact on the inflamed microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bristi E Chatterjee
- Bart's and The London, Queen Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Silva VM, Corson N, Elder A, Oberdörster G. The rat ear vein model for investigating in vivo thrombogenicity of ultrafine particles (UFP). Toxicol Sci 2005; 85:983-9. [PMID: 15772370 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in rodents indicate that intravenous or intratracheal administration of ultrafine particles (UFP) increases thrombogenesis in a surgically exposed peripheral vein after photodynamic excitation of intravenously injected rose bengal (RB). We sought to adapt the invasive peripheral vein RB model to a noninvasive monitoring of ear veins under an inverted microscope. Animals received one of the following: an intraperitoneal, intravenous bolus, or intravenously infused dose of RB. An ear vein was illuminated by a green laser, and formation of a thrombus was captured with a digital camera. Only continuous intravenous infusion produced a steady-state RB plasma level and reproducible thrombus responses in different ear veins of the same rat. This system was then used to study the thrombogenic effects of iv-administered positively or negatively charged 60-nm ultrafine polystyrene particles (PSP). Significant dose-dependent enhancement of thrombus formation was found, as indicated by decreased laser illumination time to 33% of baseline values at 0.5 mg/kg. Negatively charged PSP of the same size failed to affect thrombus formation. We also studied the thrombogenic effect of PSP without the use of RB. The findings were the same as with RB, although the illumination time had to be increased. When 0.5 mg/kg was instilled intratracheally, the laser illumination time to form a thrombus was decreased to 42% of the baseline value, suggesting translocation of UFP into the bloodstream. These results are consistent with previous findings using the invasive model, and they validate the use of this non-invasive ear vein model to evaluate thrombogenic effects of UFP deposition in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Silva
- University of Rochester, Department of Environmental Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA.
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