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Boeno FP, Patel J, Montalvo RN, Lapierre-Nguyen SS, Schreiber CM, Smuder AJ. Effects of Exercise Preconditioning on Doxorubicin-Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Male and Female Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10222. [PMID: 37373368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective chemotherapy agent prescribed for cancer treatment. However, the clinical use of DOX is limited due to off-target toxicity in healthy tissues. In this regard, hepatic and renal metabolic clearance results in DOX accumulation within these organ systems. Within the liver and kidneys, DOX causes inflammation and oxidative stress, which promotes cytotoxic cellular signaling. While there is currently no standard of care to treat DOX hepatic- and nephrotoxicity, endurance exercise preconditioning may be an effective intervention to prevent elevations in liver alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and to improve kidney creatinine clearance. To determine whether exercise preconditioning is sufficient to reduce liver and kidney toxicity resulting from acute exposure to DOX chemotherapy treatment, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats remained sedentary or were exercise trained prior to saline or DOX exposure. Our findings demonstrate that DOX treatment elevated AST and AST/ALT in male rats, with no effects of exercise preconditioning to prevent these increases. We also showed increased plasma markers of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation and urine markers of proteinuria and proximal tubule damage, with male rats revealing greater differences compared to females. Exercise preconditioning showed improved urine creatinine clearance and reduced cystatin c in males, while females had reduced plasma angiotensin II (AngII) levels. Our results demonstrate both tissue- and sex-specific responses related to the effects of exercise preconditioning and DOX treatment on markers of liver and kidney toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franccesco P Boeno
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Jay Patel
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Ryan N Montalvo
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | | | - Claire M Schreiber
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Ashley J Smuder
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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2
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Abbasnezhad A, Salami F, Mohebbati R. A review: Systematic research approach on toxicity model of liver and kidney in laboratory animals. Animal Model Exp Med 2022; 5:436-444. [PMID: 35918879 PMCID: PMC9610155 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic experiments are commonly performed on laboratory animals to investigate the possible mechanism(s) of action of toxic agents as well as drugs or substances under consideration. The use of toxins in laboratory animal models, including rats, is intended to cause toxicity. This study aimed to investigate different models of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in laboratory animals to help researchers advance their research goals. The current narrative review used databases such as Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase and appropriate keywords until June 2021. Nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity models derived from some toxic agents such as cisplatin, acetaminophen, doxorubicin, some anticancer drugs, and other materials through various signaling pathways are investigated. To understand the models of renal or hepatotoxicity in laboratory animals, we have provided a list of toxic agents and their toxicity procedures in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbasali Abbasnezhad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Salami
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Mohebbati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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3
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Iyer SPN, Lee L, Li L. Pharmacodynamic effects of the K + binder patiromer in a novel chronic hyperkalemia model in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14572. [PMID: 32965782 PMCID: PMC7510565 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently described hyperkalemia (HK) animal models are typically acute and cause significant distress and mortality to the animals, warranting new approaches for studying chronic HK in a more appropriate clinical setting. Using the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model as a more relevant disease template, as well as surgical (unilateral nephrectomy), dietary (3% potassium [K+ ] supplementation), and pharmacological (amiloride) interventions, we were able to stably induce HK on a chronic basis for up to 12 weeks to serum K+ elevations between 8 and 9 mmol/L, with minimal clinical stress to the animals. Short-term proof-of-concept and long-term chronic studies in hyperkalemic SHRs showed concomitant increases in serum aldosterone, consistent with the previously reported relationship between serum K+ and aldosterone. Treatment with the K+ binder patiromer demonstrated that the disease model was responsive to pharmacological intervention, with significant abrogation in serum K+ , as well as serum aldosterone to levels near baseline, and this was consistent in both short-term and long-term 12-week chronic studies. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of establishing a chronic HK disease state, and this novel HK animal model may be suitable for further evaluating the effects of long-term, K+ -lowering therapies on effects such as renal fibrosis and end-organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Prasad N. Iyer
- Medical and Scientific AffairsRelypsa, Inc., a Vifor Pharma Group CompanyRedwood CityCAUSA
| | - Lawrence Lee
- Medical and Scientific AffairsRelypsa, Inc., a Vifor Pharma Group CompanyRedwood CityCAUSA
| | - Lingyun Li
- Medical and Scientific AffairsRelypsa, Inc., a Vifor Pharma Group CompanyRedwood CityCAUSA
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4
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Doxorubicin-induced alterations in kidney functioning, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and renal tissue morphology; Improvement by Acacia hydaspica tannin-rich ethyl acetate fraction. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2251-2260. [PMID: 32884406 PMCID: PMC7451730 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline drug used for cancer treatment. However, its treatment is contiguous with toxic effects. We examined the nephroprotective potential of A. hydaspica polyphenol-rich ethyl acetate extract (AHE) against DOX persuaded nephrotoxicity. 36 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assorted into 6 groups. Control group received saline; DOX group: 3 mg/kg b.w. dosage of DOX intraperitoneally for 6 weeks (single dose/week). In co-treatment groups, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w AHE was given orally for 6 weeks in concomitant with DOX (3 mg/kg b.w, i.p. injection per week) respectively. Standard group received silymarin 400 mg/kg b.w daily + DOX (single dose/week). Biochemical kidney function tests, oxidative stress markers, genotoxicity, antioxidant enzyme status, and histopathological changes were examined. DOX caused significant body weight loss and decrease kidney weight. DOX-induced marked deterioration in renal function indicators in both urine and serum, i.e., PH, specific gravity, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, uric acid, globulin, blood urea nitrogen, etc. Also, DOX treatment increases renal tissue oxidative stress markers, while lower antioxidant enzymes in tissue along with degenerative alterations in the renal tissue compared to control rats. AHE co-treatment ameliorates DOX-prompted changes in serum and urine chemistry. Likewise, AHE treatment decreases sensitive markers of oxidative stress and prevented DNA damages by enhancing antioxidant enzyme levels. DOX induction in rats also caused DNA fragmentation which was restored by AHE co-treatment. Moreover, the histological observations evidenced that AHE effectively rescued the kidney tissue from DOX interceded oxidative damage. Our results suggest that co-treatment of AHE markedly improve DOX-induced deleterious effects in a dose-dependent manner. The potency of AHE co-treatment at 400 mg/kg dose is similar to silymarin. These outcomes revealed that A. hydaspica AHE extract might serve as a potential adjuvant that avoids DOX-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Key Words
- AHE, Acacia hydaspica ethyl acetate extract
- CAT, catalase
- DOX, doxorubicin
- Doxorubicin
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GR, glutathione reductase
- GST, glutathione S transferase
- Genotoxicity
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- Histopathology
- Kidney function
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NO, nitric oxide
- Nephrotoxicity
- Oxidative stress markers
- POD, peroxidase
- QR, quinone reductase
- RBCs, red blood cells
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- WBCs, white blood cells
- γ-GT, Gamma Glutamyl Transferase
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5
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Cascella M, Palma G, Barbieri A, Bimonte S, Amruthraj NJ, Muzio MR, Del Vecchio V, Rea D, Falco M, Luciano A, Arra C, Cuomo A. Role of Nigella sativa and Its Constituent Thymoquinone on Chemotherapy-Induced Nephrotoxicity: Evidences from Experimental Animal Studies. Nutrients 2017. [PMID: 28629150 PMCID: PMC5490604 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Most chemotherapeutic drugs are known to cause nephrotoxicity. Therefore, new strategies have been considered to prevent chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity. It is of note that Nigella sativa (NS), or its isolated compound Thymoquinone (TQ), has a potential role in combating chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity. AIM: To analyze and report the outcome of experimental animal studies on the protective effects of NS/TQ on chemotherapy-associated kidney complications. Design: Standard systematic review and narrative synthesis. Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE databases were searched for relevant articles published up to March 2017. Additionally, a manual search was performed. Criteria for a study’s inclusion were: conducted in animals, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, containing data on nephroprotective effects of NS/TQ compared to a placebo or other substance. All strains and genders were included. Results: The database search yielded 71 studies, of which 12 (cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity 8; methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity 1; doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity 2; ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity 1) were included in this review. Conclusions: Experimental animal studies showed the protective effect of NS, or TQ, on chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity. These effects are caused by decreasing lipid peroxidation and increasing activity of antioxidant enzymes in renal tissue of chemotherapy-treated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cascella
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-"Fondazione G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Palma
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-"Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonio Barbieri
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-"Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Bimonte
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-"Fondazione G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Nagoth Joseph Amruthraj
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-"Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Clinical, Experimental and Medical Sciences, Chair of Nephrology, Department of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, University of Study of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Muzio
- Division of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, UOMI-Maternal and Infant Health, Asl NA 3 SUD, Torre del Greco, Via Marconi, 80059 Naples, Italy.
| | - Vitale Del Vecchio
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-"Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Domenica Rea
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-"Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Michela Falco
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-"Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonio Luciano
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-"Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Claudio Arra
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-"Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Arturo Cuomo
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-"Fondazione G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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6
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Supriya R, Tam BT, Pei XM, Lai CW, Chan LW, Yung BY, Siu PM. Doxorubicin Induces Inflammatory Modulation and Metabolic Dysregulation in Diabetic Skeletal Muscle. Front Physiol 2016; 7:323. [PMID: 27512375 PMCID: PMC4961708 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-cancer agent doxorubicin (DOX) has been demonstrated to worsen insulin signaling, engender muscle atrophy, trigger pro-inflammation, and induce a shift to anaerobic glycolytic metabolism in skeletal muscle. The myotoxicity of DOX in diabetic skeletal muscle remains largely unclear. This study examined the effects of DOX on insulin signaling, muscle atrophy, pro-/anti-inflammatory microenvironment, and glycolysis metabolic regulation in skeletal muscle of db/db diabetic and db/+ non-diabetic mice. Non-diabetic db/+ mice and diabetic db/db mice were randomly assigned to the following groups: db/+CON, db/+DOX, db/dbCON, and db/dbDOX. Mice in db/+DOX and db/dbDOX groups were intraperitoneally injected with DOX at a dose of 15 mg per kg body weight whereas mice in db/+CON and db/dbCON groups were injected with the same volume of saline instead of DOX. Gastrocnemius was immediately harvested, weighed, washed with cold phosphate buffered saline, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -80°C for later analysis. The effects of DOX on diabetic muscle were neither seen in insulin signaling markers (Glut4, pIRS1Ser(636∕639), and pAktSer(473)) nor muscle atrophy markers (muscle mass, MuRF1 and MAFbx). However, DOX exposure resulted in enhancement of pro-inflammatory favoring microenvironment (as indicated by TNF-α, HIFα and pNFκBp65) accompanied by diminution of anti-inflammatory favoring microenvironment (as indicated by IL15, PGC1α and pAMPKβ1Ser108). Metabolism of diabetic muscle was shifted to anaerobic glycolysis after DOX exposure as demonstrated by our analyses of PDK4, LDH and pACCSer(79). Our results demonstrated that there might be a link between inflammatory modulation and the dysregulation of aerobic glycolytic metabolism in DOX-injured diabetic skeletal muscle. These findings help to understand the pathogenesis of DOX-induced myotoxicity in diabetic muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Supriya
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China
| | - Bjorn T Tam
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao M Pei
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher W Lai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China
| | - Lawrence W Chan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China
| | - Benjamin Y Yung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China
| | - Parco M Siu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China
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7
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Ma J, Kang K, Yi Q, Zhang Z, Gu Z. Multiple pH responsive zwitterionic micelles for stealth delivery of anticancer drugs. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11645k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Subtle tumor micro-environmental pH gradient activates functionalization of the zwitterionic micelles for stealth delivery and intelligent release of anti-cancer drug doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Ke Kang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Qiangying Yi
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
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8
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Kachurina N, Chung CF, Benderoff E, Babayeva S, Bitzan M, Goodyer P, Kitzler T, Matar D, Cybulsky AV, Alachkar N, Torban E. Novel unbiased assay for circulating podocyte-toxic factors associated with recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 310:F1148-56. [PMID: 26719363 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00349.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) is an irreversible renal pathology characterized by podocyte detachment from the glomerular basement membrane, hyalinosis, and sclerosis. Clinically, it manifests with proteinuria and progressive loss of glomerular filtration. Primary idiopathic FSGS can occur in isolation and frequently progresses to end-stage renal disease, requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation. In 30-50% of these patients, proteinuria and FSGS recur in the renal allograft, suggesting the presence of a podocyte-toxic factor(s) in the recipient's serum. Currently, there is no reliable way to quantify the serum activity or predict the subset of FSGS patients at risk for recurrence after transplantation. We describe a novel in vitro method that measures the podocyte-toxic activity of sera from FSGS patients using cultured human podocytes; we compare this with the effect of compounds such as adriamycin. Using immunofluorescence microscopy followed by computerized image-processing analysis, we show that incubation of human podocytes with adriamycin leads to a dose-dependent disassembly of focal adhesion complexes (FACs). We then demonstrate that sera from patients with posttransplant recurrent or idiopathic FSGS cause a similar FAC disturbance. In contrast, sera from nonrecurrent FSGS patients do not affect FACs. In some FSGS patients, toxic effects of serum can be prevented by blockade of the tumor necrosis factor-α pathway. We propose that this method may be useful as a diagnostic tool to identify FSGS patients with serum podocyte-toxic activity that presumably places them at increased risk for recurrence in the renal allograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Kachurina
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chen-Fang Chung
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erin Benderoff
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sima Babayeva
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin Bitzan
- The Montreal Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatric Nephrology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul Goodyer
- The Montreal Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatric Nephrology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas Kitzler
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dany Matar
- McKinsey & Company, Washington, District of Columbia; and
| | - Andrey V Cybulsky
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nada Alachkar
- Division of Nephrology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elena Torban
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;
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9
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Low molecular weight β-glucan stimulates doxorubicin-induced suppression of immune functions in mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-012-0084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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10
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Doxorubicin induced nephrotoxicity: protective effect of nicotinamide. Int J Cell Biol 2011; 2011:390238. [PMID: 21789041 PMCID: PMC3140777 DOI: 10.1155/2011/390238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Nephrotoxicity is one of the important side effects of anthracycline antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nicotinamide (NAD), an antioxidant agent, against nephrotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (DXR).
Methods. The rats were divided into control, NAD alone, doxorubicin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and DXR plus NAD (200 mg/kg, i.p.) groups. At the end of the 10th day, kidney tissues were removed for light microscopy and analysis. The level of tissues' catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) activities were determined. Results. The activities of CAT, GPx, and GSH were decreased, and Po was increased in renal tissue of doxorubicin group compared with other groups. The tissue of the doxorubicin group showed some histopathological changes such as glomerular vacuolization and degeneration, adhesion to Bowman's capsule and thickening and untidiness of tubular and glomerular capillary basement membranes. Histopathological examination showed that NAD prevented partly DXR-induced tubular and glomerular damage. Conclusions. Pretreatment with NAD protected renal tissues against DXR-induced nephrotoxicity. Preventive effects of NAD on these renal lesions may be via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action.
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11
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Wang J, Reijmers T, Chen L, Van Der Heijden R, Wang M, Peng S, Hankemeier T, Xu G, Van Der Greef J. Systems toxicology study of doxorubicin on rats using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry based metabolomics. Metabolomics 2009; 5:407-418. [PMID: 20046867 PMCID: PMC2794350 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-009-0165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A metabolomics-based systems toxicology approach was used to profile the urinary metabolites for the toxicity related processes and pathogenesis induced by doxorubicin (DOX) to rats. Endogenous metabolite profiles were obtained with ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) for rats receiving different single dosages of DOX (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg) prior and at three time points after dosage. Principal components analysis (PCA) allowed detection of two major systemic metabolic changes with the time due to the induced toxicity. Furthermore, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) Simultaneous Component Analysis (ASCA) was applied to reveal the variation caused by time and dose, and their interaction in a multivariate way. Finally, various metabolites involved in the toxic processes could be identified using their accurate mass and MS(n) experiments, and possible mechanisms of the toxicity of DOX were postulated. In conclusion, metabolomics as a systems toxicology approach was able to provide comprehensive information on the dynamic process of drug induced toxicity. In addition, detection of the systemic toxic effects could be obtained with metabolomics at an earlier stage compared to the clinical chemistry and histopathological assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, People’s Republic of China
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Reijmers
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Research and Evaluation Center for Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rob Van Der Heijden
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mei Wang
- TNO, Quality of Life and SU BioMedicine, Utrechtseweg 48, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Shuangqing Peng
- Research and Evaluation Center for Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jan Van Der Greef
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- TNO, Quality of Life and SU BioMedicine, Utrechtseweg 48, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
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12
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Kramer AB, van Timmeren MM, Schuurs TA, Vaidya VS, Bonventre JV, van Goor H, Navis G. Reduction of proteinuria in adriamycin-induced nephropathy is associated with reduction of renal kidney injury molecule (Kim-1) over time. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 296:F1136-45. [PMID: 19225054 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00541.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial lesions are important in the progression of proteinuric renal disease. Tubular kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) is induced in acute renal injury and reversible as a natural course. Kim-1 is also present in chronic renal damage; however, the dynamics of Kim-1 in chronic renal damage and effects of antiproteinuric treatment on Kim-1 are unknown. We studied Kim-1 in adriamycin nephrosis (AN) before and after renin-angiotensin system blockade. A renal biopsy was taken 6 wk after adriamycin injection to study renal damage and Kim-1 expression. Subsequently, ACE inhibition (ACEi; n = 23), angiotensin II antagonist (AT(1A); n = 23), or vehicle (n = 10) was given for 6 wk; healthy rats served as controls (CON; n = 8). In AN, renal Kim-1 mRNA was induced 26-fold vs. CON at week 6, with further increase in vehicle to week 12 (40-fold) but was reduced by ACEi and AT(1A) to 10- and 12-fold vs. CON (P < 0.05 vs. week 6). Kim-1 protein was undetectable in CON; in AN, it was present in brush border of dilated tubules in areas with adjacent interstitial lesions. Renal Kim-1 protein levels increased from weeks 6-12 in vehicle and decreased in ACEi- and AT(1A)-treated groups (P < 0.05). In vehicle, urinary Kim-1 was increased (P < 0.05 vs. CON), with a reduction by ACEi and AT(1A) (P < 0.05 vs. vehicle). Renal and urinary Kim-1 correlated with proteinuria and interstitial damage cross-sectionally. Reductions in proteinuria and renal Kim-1 correlated, which was not associated by corresponding changes in tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In conclusion, on longitudinal follow-up during antiproteinuric treatment increased renal Kim-1 expression is reversible in proportion to proteinuria reduction, likely reflecting reversibility of early tubular injury, supporting its potential as a biomarker for tubulointerstitial processes of damage and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea B Kramer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Santos RVT, Batista ML, Caperuto ÉC, Costa Rosa LFBP. CHRONIC SUPPLEMENTATION OF CREATINE AND VITAMINS C AND E INCREASES SURVIVAL AND IMPROVES BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AFTER DOXORUBICIN TREATMENT IN RATS. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2007; 34:1294-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04717.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Hamming I, Navis G, Kocks MJA, van Goor H. ACE inhibition has adverse renal effects during dietary sodium restriction in proteinuric and healthy rats. J Pathol 2006; 209:129-39. [PMID: 16532430 DOI: 10.1002/path.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) provide renoprotection. A low sodium diet enhances their efficacy. However, the added effect of sodium restriction on proteinuria and blood pressure is not invariably associated with better preservation of renal morphology, suggesting that the combination of ACEi with a low sodium diet can elicit renal structural abnormalities. To test this hypothesis, the effects of ACEi in combination with a control (CS) or a low sodium (LS) diet were investigated in healthy rats and in adriamycin nephrotic rats. After 3 weeks of treatment, rats were sacrificed and kidneys examined for renal structural abnormalities. In healthy rats, ACEi reduced blood pressure: the fall in blood pressure was significantly greater in the ACEi/LS group. Renal morphology was normal in the ACEi/CS group but severe interstitial damage was found in the ACEi/LS group. This was associated with increased interstitial macrophage influx and up-regulation of osteopontin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and collagen III expression. In addition, ACEi/LS induced an increase in the total medial area of afferent arterioles. In nephrotic rats, ACEi/LS reduced both blood pressure and proteinuria, whereas only blood pressure was reduced in the ACEi/CS group. Mild interstitial damage was present in the ACEi/CS group but, strikingly, pronounced tubulo-interstitial abnormalities occurred in the ACEi/LS group, similar to those seen in ACEi/LS healthy rats, with similar changes in afferent arteriolar walls. In conclusion, the combination of ACEi/LS elicits pronounced renal interstitial abnormalities in healthy and nephrotic rats, despite a significant reduction of proteinuria in the latter. Considering their occurrence in healthy rats, these renal adverse effects cannot be due to specific characteristics of adriamycin nephrosis. Further studies should elucidate the mechanisms underlying these observations and their impact on long-term renoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hamming
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Nakhoul F, Ramadan R, Khankin E, Yaccob A, Kositch Z, Lewin M, Assady S, Abassi Z. Glomerular abundance of nephrin and podocin in experimental nephrotic syndrome: different effects of antiproteinuric therapies. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2005; 289:F880-90. [PMID: 15942045 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00451.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a clinical state characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and eventual edema formation. Although the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not yet fully clarified, it is well accepted that nephrin and podocin are involved in the development of proteinuria. The effects of early treatment with various antiproteinuric therapies on proteinuria and glomerular staining of nephrin and podocin in rats with experimental NS have not been previously studied. Proteinuria and glomerular nephrin and podocin immunofluorescence were examined in rat kidneys with adriamycin-induced NS and the effects of antiproteinuric drug therapies during 5 wk with enalapril, losartan, alone or in combination, omapatrilat, and mycophenolate mofetil on these parameters were assessed. Injection of adriamycin caused a significant increase in daily (from 21.8 ± 1.4 to 983.1 ± 45.8 mg/day, P < 0.01) and cumulative protein excretion (from negligible values to 22,490 ± 931 mg, P < 0.001) during 5 wk. Early treatment with enalapril significantly decreased the daily (641.7 ± 82.4 mg/day, P < 0.0023) and cumulative proteinuria (15,727 ± 2,204 mg, P < 0.001). A similar effect, although to a lesser extent, was obtained after omapatrilat treatment: cumulative proteinuria was reduced to 18,706 ± 1,042 mg, P < 0.001. In contrast, losartan treatment did not significantly influence the cumulative proteinuria that remained comparable (20,351 ± 1,360 mg, P > 0.05) to that observed in untreated NS rats. Unexpectedly, when losartan was given in combination with enalapril, it abolished the beneficial effects of the latter. Pretreatment with mycophenolate mofetil exerted a moderate antiproteinuric effect, which appeared only during the last week of the experimental treatment. Nephrotic rats exhibited severe disruption of slit diaphragm structure as seen by rapid and profound loss of nephrin and podocin. Beneficial effects of enalapril, omapatrilat, and mycophenolate mofetil paralleled the preservation of nephrin, as determined immunohistochemically, and enabled prediction of significant antiproteinuric responses. Enalapril alone or in combination with losartan resulted in significant preservation of podocin. Pretreatment with enalapril, and to a lesser extent omapatrilat, is superior to losartan in reducing proteinuria in NS rats. A combination of ACE inhibitors with ANG II receptor blockers does not provide any advantageous antiproteinuric therapy in these animals. Nephrin loss is an indication of proteinuria in NS and the antiproteinuric effects of ACE inhibitors, vasopeptidase inhibitors, and mycophenolate mofetil attenuate this reduction. Not all the drugs which restore podocin reduce urinary protein in NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Nakhoul
- Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, P.O. Box 9649, Haifa, 31096, Israel
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Yagmurca M, Erdogan H, Iraz M, Songur A, Ucar M, Fadillioglu E. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester as a protective agent against doxorubicin nephrotoxicity in rats. Clin Chim Acta 2004; 348:27-34. [PMID: 15369732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2003] [Revised: 03/15/2004] [Accepted: 03/29/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nephrotoxicity is one of the important side effects of antracycline antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an antioxidant agent, against nephrotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (DXR). METHODS The rats were divided into control, CAPE alone, doxorubicin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and doxorubicin plus CAPE (10 micromol/kg/day, i.p.) groups. At the end of the 10th day, kidney tissues were removed for light microscopy and analysis. The levels of tissues protein carbonyl content (PC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were determined. Plasma oxidants and antioxidants were also measured. RESULTS The activities of CAT and GSH-Px were decreased as well as myeloperoxidase, NO, MDA and PC were increased in renal tissue of doxorubicin group compared with the other groups. Plasma GSH-Px activity was higher in doxorubicin plus CAPE group than the others and plasma MDA level was higher in doxorubicin group than the other groups. There were glomerular vacuolization, tubular desquamation, loss of brush border, and adhesion to Bowman's in the light microscopy in the kidneys of doxorubicin group. The tubules and brush border were almost normal and some of the glomerulus was filled with fine vacuoles in CAPE treated rats. CONCLUSION Doxorubicin caused renal injury and CAPE treatment prevented lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in renal tissue and partially preserved glomerulus and tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Yagmurca
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
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17
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Bos H, Laverman GD, Henning RH, Tiebosch ATMG, de Jong PE, de Zeeuw D, Navis G. Involvement of renal ACE activity in proteinuria-associated renal damage in untreated and treated adriamycin nephrotic rats. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2003; 4:106-12. [PMID: 12806593 DOI: 10.3317/jraas.2003.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinuria is assumed to play a pathogenetic role in progressive renal damage. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition reduces proteinuria and provides renoprotection. This suggests that ACE activity might play a pathogenetic role in the development of proteinuria-induced renal structural damage. We investigated this hypothesis in untreated and treated established adriamycin nephrosis, a model of proteinuria-induced renal damage. In a time-course experiment, the development of renal structural damage in untreated adriamycin nephrotic rats was paralleled by a significant rise in renal ACE activity. Moreover, on cross-sectional analysis, a consistent positive correlation between renal, but not plasma, ACE activity and proteinuria, focal glomerulosclerosis and interstitial injury was present. Notably, these associations were present, not only in the untreated condition, but also during intervention with either ACE inhibition or AT(1)-receptor antagonism. Interestingly, we found that higher renal ACE activity is associated with more severe renal damage for a given amount of proteinuria, suggesting that renal ACE activity may be either a permissive or a promoting factor in the processes by which proteinuria eventually leads to renal structural damage. This relationship was abolished by renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-blockade, suggesting that RAS-mediated effects are involved in the relationship between renal ACE activity and proteinuria-induced renal damage. In conclusion, in untreated as well as treated adriamycin nephrotic rats, renal ACE activity is closely associated with renal outcome. This association appears to be independent of the specific mode of blockade of the RAS. Renal ACE activity is a consistent marker of individual differences in proteinuria-associated renal damage: further studies are needed to investigate a possible pathogenetic role in renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Bos
- Department of Nephrology, Groningen University, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Laverman GD, Van Goor H, Henning RH, De Jong PE, De Zeeuw D, Navis G. Renoprotective effects of VPI versus ACEI in normotensive nephrotic rats on different sodium intakes. Kidney Int 2003; 63:64-71. [PMID: 12472769 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00708.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Control of blood pressure (BP) and optimal reduction of proteinuria (Uprot) are necessary for long-term renoprotection. Unfortunately, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin II (Ang II) antagonists are not effective during sodium repletion. Vasopeptidase inhibitors (VPI) cause dual inhibition of ACE and neutral endopeptidase, the latter resulting in decreased atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) breakdown and thus enhanced natriuresis. Therefore, in contrast with ACEI, VPI may be effective during high sodium intake. METHODS To test this hypothesis, the renoprotective actions of the new VPI gemopatrilat (GEM) were studied during low (0.05% NaCl) and high (3.0% NaCl) sodium diets in normotensive Wistar rats with established adriamycin nephrosis. The ACEI lisinopril (LIS) was used as control. Rats received either GEM (0.3 mg/g chow), an equihypotensive dose of LIS (75 mg/L drinking water), or vehicle (VEH) from week 6 (that is, established Uprot) until sacrifice. The effect of therapy was monitored by measuring systolic BP and Uprot (weekly) and structural renal damage at the end of study (week 16). RESULTS During low sodium, GEM effectively reduced Uprot (-48 +/- 4%), but LIS was more effective (-80 +/- 2%), while Uprot slightly increased in VEH (+23 +/- 2%). The focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS) score after GEM (38 +/- 14) was lower than in the VEH group (79 +/- 27), although this was not significant. LIS (18 +/- 6) reduced FGS significantly. Remarkably, on high sodium, GEM was completely ineffective in reducing BP, Uprot and structural renal injury, just like LIS. CONCLUSIONS The renoprotective actions of VPI depend on dietary sodium intake in normotensive nephrotic rats: therapeutic efficacy is fully blunted by a high sodium diet. During a low sodium diet, gemopatrilat was renoprotective, but less effective than lisinopril. Whether higher doses of the VPI could improve its renoprotective efficacy remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozewijn D Laverman
- Department of Medicine, Groningen University Institute of Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Wapstra FH, Navis G, DE Jong PE, DE Zeeuw D. Chronic angiotensin II infusion but not bradykinin blockade abolishes the antiproteinuric response to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in established adriamycin nephrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11:490-496. [PMID: 10703672 DOI: 10.1681/asn.v113490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition reduces proteinuria in established adriamycin nephrosis. To investigate whether the reduction in proteinuria is due to decreased generation of angiotensin II (AngII) or to decreased degradation of bradykinin, four series of experiments in established adriamycin nephrosis were performed. In the first series, 2 mg/kg lisinopril reduced BP from 117 +/- 4 to 67 +/- 2 mmHg and proteinuria from 335 +/- 66 to 57 +/- 10 mg/24 h after 2 wk of treatment. Subsequent continuous intraperitoneal infusion of AngII (250 ng/kg per min) for 2 wk partially restored proteinuria to 180 +/- 42 mg/24 h, whereas BP increased to 97 +/- 3 mmHg. Subsequent withdrawal of AngII restored the antiproteinuric effects of lisinopril, whereas subsequent withdrawal of lisinopril restored proteinuria to pretreatment values. In the second series, AT1 receptor blockade induced a fall in BP and proteinuria similar to that by lisinopril. In the third series, lisinopril reduced BP from 121 +/- 5 to 68 +/- 2 mmHg and proteinuria from 355 +/- 90 to 101 +/- 10 mg/24 h. Subsequent intraperitoneal infusion of bradykinin antagonist (HOE 140; 1 mg/kg per 24 h) for 2 wk did not affect BP (72 +/- 2 mmHg) or proteinuria (92 +/- 15 mg/24 h). In the fourth series, bradykinin (3 mg/kg per 24 h) was infused for 2 wk to mimic decreased bradykinin breakdown. This did not affect proteinuria, but induced a fall in BP from 114 +/- 3 to 93 +/- 4 mmHg. The BP-lowering effect of exogenous bradykinin was completely reversed by 1 wk infusion of HOE 140 (93 +/- 4 to 113 +/- 4 mmHg), while proteinuria remained unchanged. In conclusion, the antiproteinuric effect of ACE inhibition appears to be independent of bradykinin in this model, supporting a main role for reduction of AngII in the antiproteinuric action of ACE inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frits H Wapstra
- Groningen Institute of Drug Studies (GIDS), Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital and Groningen School of Medicine, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Groningen Institute of Drug Studies (GIDS), Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital and Groningen School of Medicine, The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute of Drug Studies (GIDS), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital and Groningen School of Medicine, The Netherlands
| | - Paul E DE Jong
- Groningen Institute of Drug Studies (GIDS), Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital and Groningen School of Medicine, The Netherlands
| | - Dick DE Zeeuw
- Groningen Institute of Drug Studies (GIDS), Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital and Groningen School of Medicine, The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute of Drug Studies (GIDS), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital and Groningen School of Medicine, The Netherlands
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