1
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Sternstein C, Böhm TM, Fink J, Meyr J, Lüdemann M, Krug M, Kriukov K, Gurdap CO, Sezgin E, Ebert R, Seibel J. Development of an Effective Functional Lipid Anchor for Membranes (FLAME) for the Bioorthogonal Modification of the Lipid Bilayer of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1221-1233. [PMID: 37328799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The glycosylation of cellular membranes is crucial for the survival and communication of cells. As our target is the engineering of the glycocalyx, we designed a functionalized lipid anchor for the introduction into cellular membranes called Functional Lipid Anchor for MEmbranes (FLAME). Since cholesterol incorporates very effectively into membranes, we developed a twice cholesterol-substituted anchor in a total synthesis by applying protecting group chemistry. We labeled the compound with a fluorescent dye, which allows cell visualization. FLAME was successfully incorporated in the membranes of living human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC), acting as a temporary, nontoxic marker. The availability of an azido function─a bioorthogonal reacting group within the compound─enables the convenient coupling of alkyne-functionalized molecules, such as fluorophores or saccharides. After the incorporation of FLAME into the plasma membrane of living hMSC, we were able to successfully couple our molecule with an alkyne-tagged fluorophore via click reaction. This suggests that FLAME is useful for the modification of the membrane surface. Coupling FLAME with a galactosamine derivative yielded FLAME-GalNAc, which was incorporated into U2OS cells as well as in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and cell-derived giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs). With this, we have shown that FLAME-GalNAc is a useful tool for studying the partitioning in the liquid-ordered (Lo) and the liquid-disordered (Ld) phases. The molecular tool can also be used to analyze the diffusion behavior in the model and the cell membranes by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sternstein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Theresa-Maria Böhm
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopedic Clinic König-Ludwig Haus, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Fink
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Meyr
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Lüdemann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, University of Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Krug
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopedic Clinic König-Ludwig Haus, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kirill Kriukov
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopedic Clinic König-Ludwig Haus, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cenk O Gurdap
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Regina Ebert
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopedic Clinic König-Ludwig Haus, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Wu D, Yang K, Zhang Z, Feng Y, Rao L, Chen X, Yu G. Metal-free bioorthogonal click chemistry in cancer theranostics. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1336-1376. [PMID: 35050284 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00451d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry is a powerful tool to site-specifically activate drugs in living systems. Bioorthogonal reactions between a pair of biologically reactive groups can rapidly and specifically take place in a mild physiological milieu without perturbing inherent biochemical processes. Attributed to their high selectivity and efficiency, bioorthogonal reactions can significantly decrease background signals in bioimaging. Compared with metal-catalyzed bioorthogonal click reactions, metal-free click reactions are more biocompatible without the metal catalyst-induced cytotoxicity. Although a great number of bioorthogonal chemistry-based strategies have been reported for cancer theranostics, a comprehensive review is scarce to highlight the advantages of these strategies. In this review, recent progress in cancer theranostics guided by metal-free bioorthogonal click chemistry will be depicted in detail. The elaborate design as well as the advantages of bioorthogonal chemistry in tumor theranostics are summarized and future prospects in this emerging field are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Kuikun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, P. R. China
| | - Zhankui Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Yunxuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Lang Rao
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
| | - Guocan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
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3
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Qin Q, Lang S, Huang X. Synthetic linear glycopolymers and their biological applications. J Carbohydr Chem 2021; 40:1-44. [PMID: 35308080 PMCID: PMC8932951 DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2021.1928156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
As typical affinities of carbohydrates with their receptors are modest, polymers of carbohydrates (glycopolymers) are exciting tools to probe the multifaceted biological activities of glycans. In this review, the linear glycopolymers and the multivalency effects are first introduced. This is followed by discussions of methods to synthesize these polymers. Subsequently, the interactions of glycopolymers with plant lectins and viral/bacterial carbohydrate binding proteins are discussed. In addition, applications of the glycopolymers in facilitating glycan microarray studies, mimicking cell surface glycans, modulation of the immune system, cryoprotection of protein, and electron-beam lithography are presented to stimulate further development of this fascinating technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan StateUniversity, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Shuyao Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan StateUniversity, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan StateUniversity, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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4
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Glycoengineering: scratching the surface. Biochem J 2021; 478:703-719. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
At the surface of many cells is a compendium of glycoconjugates that form an interface between the cell and its surroundings; the glycocalyx. The glycocalyx serves several functions that have captivated the interest of many groups. Given its privileged residence, this meshwork of sugar-rich biomolecules is poised to transmit signals across the cellular membrane, facilitating communication with the extracellular matrix and mediating important signalling cascades. As a product of the glycan biosynthetic machinery, the glycocalyx can serve as a partial mirror that reports on the cell's glycosylation status. The glycocalyx can also serve as an information-rich barrier, withholding the entry of pathogens into the underlying plasma membrane through glycan-rich molecular messages. In this review, we provide an overview of the different approaches devised to engineer glycans at the cell surface, highlighting considerations of each, as well as illuminating the grand challenges that face the next era of ‘glyco-engineers’. While we have learned much from these techniques, it is evident that much is left to be unearthed.
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5
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Zhao B, Tian Q, Bagheri Y, You M. Lipid-Oligonucleotide Conjugates for Simple and Efficient Cell Membrane Engineering and Bioanalysis. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 13:76-83. [PMID: 32642625 PMCID: PMC7343234 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell membrane modification is important for tissue engineering, cell-based therapies, and cell biology studies. Recently, oligonucleotides have attracted considerable attention to remodel and functionalize live cell membranes. In particular, a type of amphiphilic lipid-oligonucleotide conjugates have been rationally designed and synthesized for this purpose. These conjugates have enabled a rapid, straightforward and efficient cell membrane modification. Taking advantage of the highly precise and programmable self-assembly of DNAs and RNAs, lipid-oligonucleotide conjugates have been used for membrane bioanalysis, therapeutics, building artificial membrane structures, and regulating cell-surface and cell-cell interactions. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge in the design, synthesis, and regulating membrane properties of lipid-oligonucleotide conjugates. In addition, their state-of-the-art applications in cell membrane engineering and bioanalysis have been illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Qian Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yousef Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Mingxu You
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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6
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Cell membrane engineering with synthetic materials: Applications in cell spheroids, cellular glues and microtissue formation. Acta Biomater 2019; 90:21-36. [PMID: 30986529 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biologically inspired materials with tunable bio- and physicochemical properties provide an essential framework to actively control and support cellular behavior. Cell membrane remodeling approaches benefit from the advances in polymer science and bioconjugation methods, which allow for the installation of un-/natural molecules and particles on the cells' surface. Synthetically remodeled cells have superior properties and are under intense investigation in various therapeutic scenarios as cell delivery systems, bio-sensing platforms, injectable biomaterials and bioinks for 3D bioprinting applications. In this review article, recent advances in the field of cell surface remodeling via bio-chemical means and the potential biomedical applications of these emerging cell hybrids are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Recent advances in bioconjugation methods, controlled/living polymerizations, microfabrication techniques and 3D printing technologies have enabled researchers to probe specific cellular functions and cues for therapeutic and research purposes through the formation of cell spheroids and polymer-cell chimeras. This review article highlights recent non-genetic cell membrane engineering strategies towards the fabrication of cellular ensembles and microtissues with interest in 3D in vitro modeling, cell therapeutics and tissue engineering. From a wider perspective, these approaches may provide a roadmap for future advances in cell therapies which will expedite the clinical use of cells, thereby improving the quality and accessibility of disease treatments.
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7
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Kerschgens IP, Gademann K. Antibiotic Algae by Chemical Surface Engineering. Chembiochem 2018; 19:439-443. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel P. Kerschgens
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
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8
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Okerblom J, Varki A. Biochemical, Cellular, Physiological, and Pathological Consequences of Human Loss of N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1155-1171. [PMID: 28423240 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
About 2-3 million years ago, Alu-mediated deletion of a critical exon in the CMAH gene became fixed in the hominin lineage ancestral to humans, possibly through a stepwise process of selection by pathogen targeting of the CMAH product (the sialic acid Neu5Gc), followed by reproductive isolation through female anti-Neu5Gc antibodies. Loss of CMAH has occurred independently in some other lineages, but is functionally intact in Old World primates, including our closest relatives, the chimpanzee. Although the biophysical and biochemical ramifications of losing tens of millions of Neu5Gc hydroxy groups at most cell surfaces remains poorly understood, we do know that there are multiscale effects functionally relevant to both sides of the host-pathogen interface. Hominin CMAH loss might also contribute to understanding human evolution, at the time when our ancestors were starting to use stone tools, increasing their consumption of meat, and possibly hunting. Comparisons with chimpanzees within ethical and practical limitations have revealed some consequences of human CMAH loss, but more has been learned by using a mouse model with a human-like Cmah inactivation. For example, such mice can develop antibodies against Neu5Gc that could affect inflammatory processes like cancer progression in the face of Neu5Gc metabolic incorporation from red meats, display a hyper-reactive immune system, a human-like tendency for delayed wound healing, late-onset hearing loss, insulin resistance, susceptibility to muscular dystrophy pathologies, and increased sensitivity to multiple human-adapted pathogens involving sialic acids. Further studies in such mice could provide a model for other human-specific processes and pathologies involving sialic acid biology that have yet to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Okerblom
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California in San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0687, USA
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, GRTC) and, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, CARTA), Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California in San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0687, USA
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9
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Abstract
The ability to rationally manipulate and augment the cytoplasmic membrane can be used to overcome many of the challenges faced by conventional cellular therapies and provide innovative opportunities when combined with new biotechnologies. The focus of this review is on emerging strategies used in cell functionalization, highlighting both pioneering approaches and recent developments. These will be discussed within the context of future directions in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Pk Armstrong
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Adam W Perriman
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry and Centre for Protolife Research, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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10
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Yoon HY, Koo H, Kim K, Kwon IC. Molecular imaging based on metabolic glycoengineering and bioorthogonal click chemistry. Biomaterials 2017; 132:28-36. [PMID: 28399460 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic glycoengineering is a powerful technique that can introduce various chemical groups to cellular glycan by treatment of unnatural monosaccharide. Particularly, this technique has enabled many challenging trials for molecular imaging in combination with click chemistry, which provides fast and specific chemical conjugation reaction of imaging probes to metabolically-modified live cells. This review introduces recent progress in molecular imaging based on the combination of these two cutting-edge techniques. First, these techniques showed promising results in specific tumor cell imaging for cancer diagnosis and therapy. The related researches showed the surface of tumor cells could be labeled with bioorthogonal chemical groups by metabolic glycoengineering, which can be further conjugated with fluorescence dyes or nanoparticles with imaging probes by click chemistry, in vitro and in vivo. This method can be applied to heterogeneous tumor cells regardless of genetic properties of different tumor cells. Furthermore, the amount of targeting moieties on tumor cells can be freely controlled externally by treatment of unnatural monosaccharide. Second, this sequential use of metabolic glycoengineering and click chemistry is also useful in cell tracking to monitor the localization of the inoculated therapeutic cells including chondrocytes and stem cells. This therapeutic cell-labeling technique provided excellent viability of chondrocytes and stem cells during the whole process in vitro and in vivo. It can provide long-term and safe therapeutic cell imaging compared to traditional methods. These overall studies demonstrate the great potential of metabolic glycoengineering and click chemistry in live cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yeol Yoon
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebeom Koo
- Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Custódio CA, Mano JF. Cell surface engineering to control cellular interactions. CHEMNANOMAT : CHEMISTRY OF NANOMATERIALS FOR ENERGY, BIOLOGY AND MORE 2016; 2:376-384. [PMID: 30842920 PMCID: PMC6398572 DOI: 10.1002/cnma.201600047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface composition determines all interactions of the cell with is environment, thus cell functions such as adhesion, migration and cell-cell interactions are likely to be controlled by engineering and manipulating cell membrane. Cell membranes present a rich repertoire of molecules, therefore a versatile ground for modification. However the complex and dynamic nature of the cell surface is also a major challenge for cell surface engineering that should also involve strategies compatible with cell viability. Cell surface engineering by selective chemical reactions or by the introduction of exogenous targeting ligands can be powerful tools for engineering novel interactions and control cell function. In addition to chemical conjugation and modification of functional groups, ligands of interest to modify the surface of cells include recombinant proteins, liposomes or nanoparticles. Here, we review recent efforts to perform changes to cell surface composition. We focus on the engineering of the cell surface with biological, chemical or physical methods to modulate cell functions and control cell-cell and cell-microenvironment interactions. Potential applications of cell surface engineering are also stated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina A Custódio
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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12
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Piller F, Mongis A, Piller V. Metabolic Glyco-Engineering in Eukaryotic Cells and Selected Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1321:335-59. [PMID: 26082233 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2760-9_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
By metabolic glyco-engineering cellular glycoconjugates are modified through the incorporation of synthetic monosaccharides which are usually analogues of naturally present sugars. In order to get incorporated, the monosaccharides need to enter the cytoplasm and to be substrates for the enzymes necessary for their transformation into activated sugars, most often nucleotide sugars. These have to be substrates for glycosyltransferases which finally catalyze their incorporation into glycans. Such pathways are difficult to reconstitute in vitro and therefore new monosaccharide analogues have to be tested in tissue culture for their suitability in metabolic glyco-engineering. For this, glycosylation mutants are the most appropriate since they are unable to synthesize specific glycans but through the introduction of the monosaccharide analogues they may express some glycans at the cell surface with the unnatural sugar incorporated. The presence of those glycans can be easily and quantitatively detected by lectin binding or by chemical methods identifying specific sugars. Monosaccharide analogues can also block the pathways leading to sugar incorporation, thus inhibiting the synthesis of glycan structures which is also easily detectable at the cell surface by lectin labeling. The most useful and most frequently employed application of metabolic glyco-engineering is the introduction of reactive groups which can undergo bio-orthogonal click reactions for the efficient labeling of glycans at the surface of live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Piller
- Synthetic Protein Chemistry and Glyco-engineering Group, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CNRS UPR 4301), Orléans, France
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13
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Liu Q, Xue H, Gao J, Cao L, Chen G, Chen H. Synthesis of lipo-glycopolymers for cell surface engineering. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01788f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel synthetic lipo-glycopolymer was inserted into cell membranes for cell surface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Hui Xue
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215006
- P. R. China
| | - Jinbo Gao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Limin Cao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Gaojian Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
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14
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Zhou Z, Liao G, Stepanovs S, Guo Z. Quantifying the Efficiency of N-Phenyl-D-mannosamine to Metabolically Engineer Sialic Acid on Cancer Cell Surface. J Carbohydr Chem 2014; 33:395-407. [PMID: 25400325 PMCID: PMC4228960 DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2014.933483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A convenient method was developed for the quantification of sialic acids expressed by cells and used to analyze the efficiency of N-phenylacetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNPhAc) to metabolically glycoengineer SKMEL-28 cancer cell. For this purpose, ManNPhAc-cultured cells were treated with 2M acetic acid to release sialic acids, and the products were treated with 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene to form the corresponding derivatives that had strong UV absorptions. The reaction mixture was then applied to HPLC-UV analysis to determine the amounts and the ratios of natural sialic acid and its unnatural analog. It was confirmed that after incubation with ManNPhAc SKMEL-28 cell was effectively glycoengineered to express a significant amount of unnatural sialic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Guochao Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Sergejs Stepanovs
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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15
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Stimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by the sialic acid precursor N-propanoylmannosamine. Glycoconj J 2013; 30:813-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-013-9485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Sato C, Kitajima K. Disialic, oligosialic and polysialic acids: distribution, functions and related disease. J Biochem 2013; 154:115-36. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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17
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Zhu G, Zhang S, Song E, Zheng J, Hu R, Tan W. Building fluorescent DNA nanodevices on target living cell surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5490-6. [PMID: 23606645 PMCID: PMC3755728 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report 1) the anchoring of preformed fluorescent DNA nanodevices (NDs) and 2) the in situ self-assembly of fluorescent DNA NDs on target living cell surfaces. Three types of aptamer-tethered DNA NDs were built and anchored on target cell surfaces by specific target-aptamer association. The in situ nanodevice self-assembly was further demonstrated on the surfaces of target living cells in cell mixtures. These DNA NDs exhibited fluorescence emission and underwent fluorescence energy transfer on living cell surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhi Zhu
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-7200 (USA)
| | - Shengfeng Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Erqun Song
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-7200 (USA). Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis of the Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-7200 (USA)
| | - Rong Hu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-7200 (USA). Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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18
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Zhu G, Zhang S, Song E, Zheng J, Hu R, Fang X, Tan W. Building Fluorescent DNA Nanodevices on Target Living Cell Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Tripathi A, Singh V, Aishwarya KG, Aradhyam GK, Hotha S. Engineered glucose to generate a spectroscopic probe for studying carbohydrate biology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 749:313-27. [PMID: 22695854 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3381-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Tripathi
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory, PUNE, India
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20
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Cheng H, Byrska-Bishop M, Zhang CT, Kastrup CJ, Hwang NS, Tai AK, Lee WW, Xu X, Nahrendorf M, Langer R, Anderson DG. Stem cell membrane engineering for cell rolling using peptide conjugation and tuning of cell-selectin interaction kinetics. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5004-12. [PMID: 22494889 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic cell-microenvironment interactions regulate many biological events and play a critical role in tissue regeneration. Cell homing to targeted tissues requires well balanced interactions between cells and adhesion molecules on blood vessel walls. However, many stem cells lack affinity with adhesion molecules. It is challenging and clinically important to engineer these stem cells to modulate their dynamic interactions with blood vessels. In this study, a new chemical strategy was developed to engineer cell-microenvironment interactions. This method allowed the conjugation of peptides onto stem cell membranes without affecting cell viability, proliferation or multipotency. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) engineered in this manner showed controlled firm adhesion and rolling on E-selectin under physiological shear stresses. For the first time, these biomechanical responses were achieved by tuning the binding kinetics of the peptide-selectin interaction. Rolling of engineered MSCs on E-selectin is mediated by a Ca(2+) independent interaction, a mechanism that differs from the Ca(2+) dependent physiological process. This further illustrates the ability of this approach to manipulate cell-microenvironment interactions, in particular for the application of delivering cells to targeted tissues. It also provides a new platform to engineer cells with multiple functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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21
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Xu X, Wang B, Tang R. Hybrid materials that integrate living cells: improved eco-adaptation and environmental applications. CHEMSUSCHEM 2011; 4:1439-1446. [PMID: 22102993 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xurong Xu
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, PR China.
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22
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Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry allows a wide variety of biomolecules to be specifically labeled and probed in living cells and whole organisms. Here we discuss the history of bioorthogonal reactions and some of the most interesting and important advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Boyce
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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23
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Hua Z, Lvov A, Morin TJ, Kobertz WR. Chemical control of metabolically-engineered voltage-gated K+ channels. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5021-4. [PMID: 21576020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic oligosaccharide engineering is a powerful approach for installing unnatural glycans with unique functional groups into the glycocalyx of living cells and animals. Using this approach, we showed that K(+) channel complexes decorated with thiol-containing sialic acids were irreversibly inhibited with scorpion toxins bearing a pendant maleimide group. Irreversible inhibition required a glycosylated K(+) channel subunit and was completely reversible with mild reductant when the tether connecting the toxin to the maleimide contained a disulfide bond. Cleavage of the disulfide bond not only restored function, but delivered a biotin moiety to the modified K(+) channel subunit, providing a novel approach for preferentially labeling wild type K(+) channel complexes functioning in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmao Hua
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Programs in Neuroscience and Chemical Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605-2324, USA
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24
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Wilson JT, Cui W, Kozlovskaya V, Kharlampieva E, Pan D, Qu Z, Krishnamurthy VR, Mets J, Kumar V, Wen J, Song Y, Tsukruk VV, Chaikof EL. Cell surface engineering with polyelectrolyte multilayer thin films. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:7054-64. [PMID: 21491937 DOI: 10.1021/ja110926s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films represents a bottom-up approach for re-engineering the molecular landscape of cell surfaces with spatially continuous and molecularly uniform ultrathin films. However, fabricating PEMs on viable cells has proven challenging owing to the high cytotoxicity of polycations. Here, we report the rational engineering of a new class of PEMs with modular biological functionality and tunable physicochemical properties which have been engineered to abrogate cytotoxicity. Specifically, we have discovered a subset of cationic copolymers that undergoes a conformational change, which mitigates membrane disruption and facilitates the deposition of PEMs on cell surfaces that are tailorable in composition, reactivity, thickness, and mechanical properties. Furthermore, we demonstrate the first successful in vivo application of PEM-engineered cells, which maintained viability and function upon transplantation and were used as carriers for in vivo delivery of PEMs containing biomolecular payloads. This new class of polymeric film and the design strategies developed herein establish an enabling technology for cell transplantation and other therapies based on engineered cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Wilson
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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25
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Krishnamurthy VR, Wilson JT, Cui W, Song X, Yi L, Cummings RD, Chaikof EL. Chemoselective immobilization of peptides on abiotic and cell surfaces at controlled densities. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:7675-7678. [PMID: 20450194 PMCID: PMC2894806 DOI: 10.1021/la101192v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report herein a new and enabling approach for decorating both abiotic and cell surfaces with the extracellular matrix IKVAV peptide in a site-specific manner using strain promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition. A cyclooctyne-derivatized IKVAV peptide was synthesized and immobilized on the surface of pancreatic islets through strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition with cell surface azides generated by the electrostatic adsorption of a cytocompatible poly(L-lysine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) copolymer bearing azido groups (PP-N(3)). Both "one-pot" and sequential addition of PP-N(3) and a cyclooctyne-derivatized IKVAV peptide conjugate enabled efficient modification of the pancreatic islet surface in less than 60 min. The ability to bind peptides at controlled surface densities was demonstrated in a quantitative manner using microarrays. Additionally, the technique is remarkably rapid and highly efficient, opening new avenues for the molecular engineering of cellular interfaces and protein and peptide microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John T. Wilson
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University/Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Wanxing Cui
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - XueZheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | - Lasanajak Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
| | | | - Elliot L. Chaikof
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University/Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA-30322, USA
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26
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Zhao W, Teo GSL, Kumar N, Karp JM. Chemistry and material science at the cell surface. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2010; 13:14-21. [PMID: 21857791 PMCID: PMC3158006 DOI: 10.1016/s1369-7021(10)70056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell surfaces are fertile ground for chemists and material scientists to manipulate or augment cell functions and phenotypes. This not only helps to answer basic biology questions but also has diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in the engineering of the cell surface. In particular, we focus on the potential applications of surface engineered cells for 1) targeting cells to desirable sites in cell therapy, 2) programming assembly of cells for tissue engineering, 3) bioimaging and sensing, and ultimately 4) manipulating cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weian Zhao
- Harvard-MIT Division of Heath Sciences and Technology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Grace Sock Leng Teo
- Harvard-MIT Division of Heath Sciences and Technology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Namit Kumar
- Harvard-MIT Division of Heath Sciences and Technology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Karp
- Harvard-MIT Division of Heath Sciences and Technology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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27
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Sarkar D, Vemula PK, Teo GSL, Spelke D, Karnik R, Wee LY, Karp JM. Chemical engineering of mesenchymal stem cells to induce a cell rolling response. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 19:2105-9. [PMID: 18973352 DOI: 10.1021/bc800345q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Covalently conjugated sialyl Lewis X (SLeX) on the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) surface through a biotin-streptavidin bridge imparts leukocyte-like rolling characteristics without altering the cell phenotype and the multilineage differentiation potential. We demonstrate that the conjugation of SLeX on the MSC surface is stable, versatile, and induces a robust rolling response on P-selectin coated substrates. These results indicate the potential to increase the targeting efficiency of any cell type to specific tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Sarkar
- Department of Medicine, Harvard-MIT Division of Heath Sciences and Technology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E. Murrey
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Linda C. Hsieh-Wilson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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29
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Rabuka D, Forstner MB, Groves JT, Bertozzi CR. Noncovalent cell surface engineering: incorporation of bioactive synthetic glycopolymers into cellular membranes. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:5947-53. [PMID: 18402449 DOI: 10.1021/ja710644g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The controlled addition of structurally defined components to live cell membranes can facilitate the molecular level analysis of cell surface phenomena. Here we demonstrate that cell surfaces can be engineered to display synthetic bioactive polymers at defined densities by exogenous membrane insertion. The polymers were designed to mimic native cell-surface mucin glycoproteins, which are defined by their dense glycosylation patterns and rod-like structures. End-functionalization with a hydrophobic anchor permitted incorporation into the membranes of live cultured cells. We probed the dynamic behavior of cell-bound glycopolymers bearing various hydrophobic anchors and glycan structures using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). Their diffusion properties mirrored those of many natural membrane-associated biomolecules. Furthermore, the membrane-bound glycopolymers were internalized into early endosomes similarly to endogenous membrane components and were capable of specific interactions with protein receptors. This system provides a platform to study cell-surface phenomena with a degree of chemical control that cannot be achieved using conventional biological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rabuka
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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30
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Enhanced interferon-γ secretion and antitumor activity of T-lymphocytes activated by dendritic cells loaded with glycoengineered myeloma antigens. Chin Med J (Engl) 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200710010-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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31
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Klapperich C, Kaufman J, Wong J. Controlling and Assessing Cell–Biomaterial Interactions at the Micro- and Nanoscale. Biomaterials 2007. [DOI: 10.1201/9780849378898.ch10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Wu J, Guo Z. Improving the antigenicity of sTn antigen by modification of its sialic acid residue for development of glycoconjugate cancer vaccines. Bioconjug Chem 2006; 17:1537-44. [PMID: 17105234 PMCID: PMC2532825 DOI: 10.1021/bc060103s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sialyl Tn (sTn) antigen is a sialylated disaccharide abundantly expressed by many tumors. To search for effective cancer immunotherapies based on sTn antigen, we designed and synthesized a series of unnatural N-acyl derivatives of sTn and studied their immunological properties. For this purpose, an efficient method was developed to synthesize the natural and unnatural forms of sTn antigen and their protein conjugates. The resultant glycoconjugates were used to immunize C57BL/6 mice, and the immune response was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Whereas the keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) conjugate of sTn elicited low levels of IgM antibodies, the KLH conjugates of N-iso-butanoyl sTn and N-phenylacetyl sTn, especially the latter, induced high titers of antigen-specific IgG antibodies, showing a T-cell-dependent response that is critical for the antitumor activity. The results suggest that the modified forms of sTn, especially N-phenylacetyl sTn, have improved antigenicity and promising immunological properties for use as cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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33
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Chefalo P, Pan Y, Nagy N, Guo Z, Harding CV. Efficient metabolic engineering of GM3 on tumor cells by N-phenylacetyl-D-mannosamine. Biochemistry 2006; 45:3733-9. [PMID: 16533056 PMCID: PMC2531244 DOI: 10.1021/bi052161r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal carbohydrates expressed on tumor cells, which are termed tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs), are potential targets for the development of cancer vaccines. However, immune tolerance to TACAs has severely hindered progress in this area. To overcome this problem, we have developed a novel immunotherapeutic strategy based on synthetic cancer vaccines and metabolic engineering of TACAs on tumor cells. One critical step of this new strategy is metabolic engineering of cancer, namely, to induce expression of an artificial form of a TACA by supplying tumors with an artificial monosaccharide precursor. To identify the proper precursor for this application, N-propionyl, N-butanoyl, N-isobutanoyl, and N-phenylacetyl derivatives of d-mannosamine were synthesized, and their efficiency as biosynthetic precursors in modifying sialic acid and inducing expression of modified forms of GM3 antigen on tumor cells was investigated. For this purpose, tumor cells were incubated with different N-acyl-d-mannosamines, and modified forms of GM3 expressed on tumor cells were analyzed by flow cytometry using antigen-specific antisera. N-Phenylacetyl-d-mannosamine was efficiently incorporated in a time- and dose-dependent manner to bioengineer GM3 expression by several tumor cell lines, including K562, SKMEL-28, and B16-F0. Moreover, these tumor cell lines also exhibited ManPAc-dependent sensitivity to cytotoxicity mediated by anti-PAcGM3 immune serum and complement. These results provide an important validation for this novel therapeutic strategy. Because N-phenylacetyl GM3-protein conjugates are particularly immunogenic, the combination of an N-phenylacetyl GM3 conjugate vaccine with systemic N-phenylacetyl-d-mannosamine treatment is a promising immunotherapy for future development and application to melanoma and other GM3-bearing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Chefalo
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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34
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Pan Y, Chefalo P, Nagy N, Harding C, Guo Z. Synthesis and immunological properties of N-modified GM3 antigens as therapeutic cancer vaccines. J Med Chem 2005; 48:875-83. [PMID: 15689172 PMCID: PMC3180873 DOI: 10.1021/jm0494422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The problem of immunotolerance to GM3, an important tumor-associated trisaccharide antigen, seriously hinders its usage in cancer vaccine development. To solve this problem, the keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) conjugates of a series of GM3 derivatives were synthesized and screened as therapeutic cancer vaccines. First, the beta-linked anomeric azides of differently N-acylated GM3 analogues were prepared by a highly convergent procedure. Next, a pentenoyl group was linked to the reducing end of the carbohydrate antigens following selective reduction of the azido group. The linker was thereafter ozonolyzed to give an aldehyde functionality permitting the conjugation of the antigens to KLH via reductive amination. Finally, the immunological properties of the resultant glycoconjugates were studied in C57BL/6 mice by assessing the titers of specific antibodies induced by the GM3 analogues. While KLH-GM3 elicited low levels of immune response, the KLH conjugates of N-propionyl, N-butanoyl, N-iso-butanoyl, and N-phenylacetyl GM3s induced robust immune reactions with antibodies of multiple isotypes, indicating significantly improved and T-cell dependent immune responses that lead to isotype switching, affinity maturation, and the induction of immunological "memory". It was suggested that GM3PhAc-KLH is a promising vaccine candidate for glycoengineered immunotherapy of cancer with GM3 as the primary target.
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35
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Chefalo P, Pan Y, Nagy N, Harding C, Guo Z. Preparation and immunological studies of protein conjugates of N -acylneuraminic acids. Glycoconj J 2004; 20:407-14. [PMID: 15238705 PMCID: PMC3178808 DOI: 10.1023/b:glyc.0000033997.01760.b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The overexpression of N -acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) is closely correlated with malignant transformations. Thus, Neu5Ac is an important target in the design of cancer vaccines. To study the influence of chemical modifications of Neu5Ac on its immunological properties, the alpha-allyl glycosides of five differently N -acylated neuraminic acid derivatives were prepared. Following selective ozonolysis of their allyl group to form an aldehyde functionality, they were coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) via reductive amination. Resultant glycoconjugates were studied in C57BL/6 mice. The N -propionyl, N - iso- butanoyl and N -phenylacetyl derivatives of neuraminic acid provoked robust immune responses of various antibody isotypes, including IgM, IgG1, IgG2a and IgG3, whereas N -trifluoropropionylneuraminic acid and natural Neu5Ac were essentially nonimmunogenic. Moreover, the N -phenylacetyl and N - iso- butanoyl derivatives mainly induced IgG responses that are desirable for antitumor applications. These results raise the promise of formulating effective glycoconjugate cancer vaccines via derivatizing sialic acid residues of sialooligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Chefalo
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Yanbin Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Nancy Nagy
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Clifford Harding
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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36
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De Bank PA, Kellam B, Kendall DA, Shakesheff KM. Surface engineering of living myoblasts via selective periodate oxidation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2003; 81:800-8. [PMID: 12557313 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface molecules are vital for normal cell activity. To study the functions of these molecules or manipulate cell behavior, the ability to decorate cell surfaces with bioactive molecules of our choosing is a potentially powerful technique. Here, we describe the molecular engineering of living L6 myoblast monolayers via selective periodate oxidation of sialic acid residues and the application of this surface modification in the artificial aggregation of cells. The aldehyde groups generated by this reaction were used to selectively ligate a model molecule, biotin hydrazide, to the cell surfaces. Flow cytometry analysis after staining with fluorescently conjugated avidin revealed a concentration-dependent increase in fluorescence compared to untreated cells with a maximal shift of 345.1 +/- 27.4-fold and an EC(50) of 17.4 +/- 1.1 microM. This mild oxidation reaction did not affect cell number, viability, or morphology. We then compared this chemical technique with the metabolic incorporation of reactive cell surface ketone groups using N-levulinoylmannosamine (ManLev). In this cell line, only a 22.3-fold fluorescence shift was observed compared to untreated cells when myoblasts were incubated with a high concentration of ManLev for 48 hours. Periodate oxidation was then used to modify myoblast surfaces to induce cell aggregation. Crosslinking biotinylated myoblasts, which do not spontaneously aggregate in culture, with avidin resulted in the rapid formation of millimeter-sized, multicellular structures. These data indicate that sodium periodate treatment is an effective, noncytotoxic method for the in vitro molecular engineering of living cell surfaces with the potential for cell biology and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A De Bank
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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37
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Abstract
Biochemistry in the context of a living cell or organism is complicated by many variables such as supramolecular organization, cytoplasmic viscosity, and substrate heterogeneity. While these variables are easily excluded or avoided in reconstituted systems, they must be dealt with in cellular environments. New developments have allowed researchers to begin probing the inner workings of the cell to gain new insight into cell function and metabolism. Advances in cellular imaging and in small molecule-controlled gene expression, signal transduction and cell surface modification are discussed in this review. These techniques have permitted the study of molecular components within the context of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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38
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Saxon E, Bertozzi CR. Chemical and biological strategies for engineering cell surface glycosylation. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2002; 17:1-23. [PMID: 11687482 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.17.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides play a crucial role in many of the recognition, signaling, and adhesion events that take place at the surface of cells. Abnormalities in the synthesis or presentation of these carbohydrates can lead to misfolded and inactive proteins, as well as to several debilitating disease states. However, their diverse structures, which are the key to their function, have hampered studies by biologists and chemists alike. This review presents an overview of techniques for examining and manipulating cell surface oligosaccharides through genetic, enzymatic, and chemical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Saxon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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39
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40
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Jacobs CL, Yarema KJ, Mahal LK, Nauman DA, Charters NW, Bertozzi CR. Metabolic labeling of glycoproteins with chemical tags through unnatural sialic acid biosynthesis. Methods Enzymol 2001; 327:260-75. [PMID: 11044989 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(00)27282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C L Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley 94720, USA
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41
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Georgiou G. Analysis of large libraries of protein mutants using flow cytometry. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2001; 55:293-315. [PMID: 11050937 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3233(01)55007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Georgiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin 78712, USA
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Jeong HS, Yoo SK, Kim EJ. Cell surface display of salmobin, a thrombin-like enzyme from Agkistrodon halys venom on Escherichia coli using ice nucleation protein. Enzyme Microb Technol 2001; 28:155-160. [PMID: 11166806 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(00)00315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface display on Escherichia coli using ice nucleation protein was performed in order to develop a new expression system for recombinant eukaryotic proteins. Salmobin, the thrombin-like enzyme obtained from Korean snake (Agkistrodon halys) venom was displayed on the surface of Escherichia coli fused to the C-terminus of the ice nucleation protein (INP), an outer membrane protein of Pseudomonas syringae. The thrombin cleavage site was inserted between salmobin and INP. The presence of salmobin on the bacterial cell surface was verified by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, whole cell ELISA, and immunofluorescence microscopy. After thrombin cleavage the thrombin-like enzyme activity of recombinant salmobin was tested and verified. We concluded that INP-based cell surface display can be used as a novel expression system for eukaryotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- H -S. Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Bioproducts Research Center, Yonsei University, 134, Shinchon-Dong, Sudaemun-Ku, 120-749, Seoul, South Korea
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Yarema KJ, Mahal LK, Bruehl RE, Rodriguez EC, Bertozzi CR. Metabolic delivery of ketone groups to sialic acid residues. Application To cell surface glycoform engineering. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:31168-79. [PMID: 9813021 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.47.31168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of chemical strategies for decorating cells with defined carbohydrate epitopes would greatly facilitate studies of carbohydrate-mediated cell surface interactions. This report describes a general strategy for engineering the display of chemically defined oligosaccharides on cell surfaces that combines the concepts of metabolic engineering and selective chemical reactivity. Using a recently described method (Mahal, L. K., Yarema, K. J., and Bertozzi, C. R. (1997) Science 276, 1125-1128), we delivered a uniquely reactive ketone group to endogenous cell surface sialic acid residues by treating cells with the ketone-bearing metabolic precursor N-levulinoylmannosamine (ManLev). The ketone undergoes highly selective condensation reactions with complementary nucleophiles such as aminooxy and hydrazide groups. The detailed quantitative parameters of ManLev metabolism in human and nonhuman-derived cell lines were determined to establish a foundation for the modification of cell surfaces with novel epitopes at defined cell-surface densities. Ketones within the glycoconjugates on ManLev-treated cells were then reacted with synthetic aminooxy and hydrazide-functionalized carbohydrates. The remodeled cells were endowed with novel lectin binding profiles as determined by flow cytometry analysis. The simplicity and generality of this method make it well suited for use in the study of carbohydrate-mediated cell surface interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Yarema
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Yarema KJ, Bertozzi CR. Chemical approaches to glycobiology and emerging carbohydrate-based therapeutic agents. Curr Opin Chem Biol 1998; 2:49-61. [PMID: 9667919 DOI: 10.1016/s1367-5931(98)80035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The contributions of cell surface oligosaccharides to critical biological processes such as leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, bacterial and viral infection, and immunological recognition of tumor cells and foreign tissue are now understood in significant molecular detail. These discoveries at the forefront of biological research have motivated the design of synthetic glycoconjugates as tools for the fundamental study of glycobiology and as candidates for future generations of therapeutic and pharmaceutical reagents. During the past two years, significant progress has been made in the design and synthesis of carbohydrate-based inhibitors of selectins, receptors involved in the attachment of leukocytes to endothelial cells at sites of inflammation. Monomeric and multivalent oligosaccharides that bind to bacterial and viral receptors have been shown to abrogate infection by agents such as Helicobacter pilori, influenza virus and HIV. The identification of certain cell surface oligosaccharides as potent antigens has prompted their use in tumor vaccines, and inspired new approaches to the management of tissue rejection subsequent to xenotransplantation. To better understand how cell surface oligosaccharides function within their native context, novel chemical approaches to modulating cell surface oligosaccharides structures are now being developed. These stratergies for cell surface 'glycoform remodeling' promise to facilitate the investigation of carbohydrate mediated cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Yarema
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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