1
|
Boldt ABW, van Tong H, Grobusch MP, Kalmbach Y, Dzeing Ella A, Kombila M, Meyer CG, Kun JFJ, Kremsner PG, Velavan TP. The blood transcriptome of childhood malaria. EBioMedicine 2019; 40:614-625. [PMID: 30638864 PMCID: PMC6412103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcriptomic research of blood cell lineages supports the understanding of distinct features of the immunopathology in human malaria. Methods We used microarray hybridization, validated by real-time RT-PCR to analyze whole blood gene expression in healthy Gabonese children and children with various conditions of Plasmodium falciparum infection, including i) asymptomatic infection, ii) uncomplicated malaria, iii) malaria associated with severe anemia and iv) cerebral malaria. Findings Our data indicate that the expression profile of 22 genes significantly differed among the investigated groups. Immunoglobulin production, complement regulation and IFN beta signaling, in particular IRF7 and ISRE binding signatures in the corresponding genes, were most conspicuous. Down-regulation in cerebral malaria seems to rely on AhRF, GABP and HIF1 hypoxia transcription factors. ARG1, BPI, CD163, IFI27, HP and TNFAIP6 transcript levels correlated positively with lactatemia, and negatively with hemoglobin concentrations. Interpretation Differences in gene expression profile reflect distinct immunopathological mechanisms of P. falciparum infection. They emerge as potential prognostic markers for early therapeutic measures and need to be validated further. Fund This work was supported by a grant of the NGFN (Nationales Genomforschungsnetz 01GS0114) and by a CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Brazil) PhD scholarship for A. B. W. Boldt. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica B W Boldt
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Hoang van Tong
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Martin P Grobusch
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Center of Medical Research Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon; Center of Travel Medicine and Tropical Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Kalmbach
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Arnaud Dzeing Ella
- Department of Parasitology, Tropical Medicine and Mycology, University of Libreville, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Maryvonne Kombila
- Department of Parasitology, Tropical Medicine and Mycology, University of Libreville, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Jürgen F J Kun
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter G Kremsner
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Center of Medical Research Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Darwiche W, Gubler B, Marolleau JP, Ghamlouch H. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B-Cell Normal Cellular Counterpart: Clues From a Functional Perspective. Front Immunol 2018; 9:683. [PMID: 29670635 PMCID: PMC5893869 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the clonal expansion of small mature-looking CD19+ CD23+ CD5+ B-cells that accumulate in the blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid organs. To date, no consensus has been reached concerning the normal cellular counterpart of CLL B-cells and several B-cell types have been proposed. CLL B-cells have remarkable phenotypic and gene expression profile homogeneity. In recent years, the molecular and cellular biology of CLL has been enriched by seminal insights that are leading to a better understanding of the natural history of the disease. Immunophenotypic and molecular approaches (including immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable gene mutational status, transcriptional and epigenetic profiling) comparing the normal B-cell subset and CLL B-cells provide some new insights into the normal cellular counterpart. Functional characteristics (including activation requirements and propensity for plasma cell differentiation) of CLL B-cells have now been investigated for 50 years. B-cell subsets differ substantially in terms of their functional features. Analysis of shared functional characteristics may reveal similarities between normal B-cell subsets and CLL B-cells, allowing speculative assignment of a normal cellular counterpart for CLL B-cells. In this review, we summarize current data regarding peripheral B-cell differentiation and human B-cell subsets and suggest possibilities for a normal cellular counterpart based on the functional characteristics of CLL B-cells. However, a definitive normal cellular counterpart cannot be attributed on the basis of the available data. We discuss the functional characteristics required for a cell to be logically considered to be the normal counterpart of CLL B-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Darwiche
- EA 4666 Lymphocyte Normal - Pathologique et Cancers, HEMATIM, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Brigitte Gubler
- EA 4666 Lymphocyte Normal - Pathologique et Cancers, HEMATIM, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Marolleau
- EA 4666 Lymphocyte Normal - Pathologique et Cancers, HEMATIM, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie cellulaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Hussein Ghamlouch
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Oh YK, Jang E, Paik DJ, Youn J. Early Growth Response-1 Plays a Non-redundant Role in the Differentiation of B Cells into Plasma Cells. Immune Netw 2015; 15:161-6. [PMID: 26140048 PMCID: PMC4486779 DOI: 10.4110/in.2015.15.3.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early growth response (Egr)-1 is a Cys2-His2-type zincfinger transcription factor. It has been shown to induce survival and proliferation of immature and mature B cells, respectively, but its role in the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells remains unclear. To examine the effects of Egr-1 deficiency on the activation of B cells, naive B cells from Egr1-/- mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates were activated to proliferate and differentiate, and then assayed by FACS. Proportions of cells undergoing proliferation and apoptosis did not differ between Egr1-/- and WT mice. However, Egr1-/- B cells gave rise to fewer plasma cells than WT B cells. Consistently, Egr1-/- mice produced significantly lower titer of antigen-specific IgG than their WT littermates upon immunization. Our results demonstrate that Egr-1 participates in the differentiation program of B cells into plasma cells, while it is dispensable for the proliferation and survival of mature B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Kyung Oh
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Eunkyeong Jang
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Doo-Jin Paik
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Jeehee Youn
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Zahorsky-Reeves JL, Gregory CR, Cramer DV, Patanwala IY, Kyles AE, Borie DC, Kearns-Jonker MK. Similarities in the immunoglobulin response and VH gene usage in rhesus monkeys and humans exposed to porcine hepatocytes. BMC Immunol 2006; 7:3. [PMID: 16549031 PMCID: PMC1448184 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-7-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of porcine cells and organs as a source of xenografts for human patients would vastly increase the donor pool; however, both humans and Old World primates vigorously reject pig tissues due to xenoantibodies that react with the polysaccharide galactose α (1,3) galactose (αGal) present on the surface of many porcine cells. We previously examined the xenoantibody response in patients exposed to porcine hepatocytes via treatment(s) with bioartficial liver devices (BALs), composed of porcine cells in a support matrix. We determined that xenoantibodies in BAL-treated patients are predominantly directed at porcine αGal carbohydrate epitopes, and are encoded by a small number of germline heavy chain variable region (VH) immunoglobulin genes. The studies described in this manuscript were designed to identify whether the xenoantibody responses and the IgVH genes encoding antibodies to porcine hepatocytes in non-human primates used as preclinical models are similar to those in humans. Adult non-immunosuppressed rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were injected intra-portally with porcine hepatocytes or heterotopically transplanted with a porcine liver lobe. Peripheral blood leukocytes and serum were obtained prior to and at multiple time points after exposure, and the immune response was characterized, using ELISA to evaluate the levels and specificities of circulating xenoantibodies, and the production of cDNA libraries to determine the genes used by B cells to encode those antibodies. Results Xenoantibodies produced following exposure to isolated hepatocytes and solid organ liver grafts were predominantly encoded by genes in the VH3 family, with a minor contribution from the VH4 family. Immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene (VH) cDNA library screening and gene sequencing of IgM libraries identified the genes as most closely-related to the IGHV3-11 and IGHV4-59 germline progenitors. One of the genes most similar to IGHV3-11, VH3-11cyno, has not been previously identified, and encodes xenoantibodies at later time points post-transplant. Sequencing of IgG clones revealed increased usage of the monkey germline progenitor most similar to human IGHV3-11 and the onset of mutations. Conclusion The small number of IGVH genes encoding xenoantibodies to porcine hepatocytes in non-human primates and humans is highly conserved. Rhesus monkeys are an appropriate preclinical model for testing novel reagents such as those developed using structure-based drug design to target and deplete antibodies to porcine xenografts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Zahorsky-Reeves
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research, The Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd. MS #137, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Clare R Gregory
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Donald V Cramer
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research, The Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd. MS #137, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Insiyyah Y Patanwala
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research, The Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd. MS #137, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Andrew E Kyles
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Dominic C Borie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Mary K Kearns-Jonker
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research, The Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd. MS #137, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu LY, Tepper CG, Lo SH, Lin WC. An efficient strategy to identify early TPA-responsive genes during differentiation of HL-60 cells. Gene Expr 2006; 13:179-89. [PMID: 17193924 PMCID: PMC6032445 DOI: 10.3727/000000006783991791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We have adopted a special experimental strategy to identify early responsive genes during 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced macrophage-like differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells (HL-60). This was performed in cells that were synchronized by nocodazole and treated with TPA in the presence of a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, to prevent activation of secondary targets and therefore increase the probability of early transcripts in total RNA pool. The expression alteration was analyzed by microarray and the selection criteria of candidate genes were adjusted by real-time PCR validation to increase its reliability. Finally, 56 genes were identified as early TPA-responsive genes in this multiscreening step approach. Furthermore, upregulation of three candidate genes (NFIL3, SKIL, and JMJD3) was shown to be dosage and time dependent with TPA treatment and was found to be directly regulated by TPA through PKC-dependent signaling. These results revealed that our screenings provide a useful and efficient approach to identify early TPA-responsive genes and these genes might involve the regulation of TPA-induced differentiation program of HL-60 cells as primary
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yueh Hu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|