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Cao L, Zhou Y, Lin S, Yang C, Guan Z, Li X, Yang S, Gao T, Zhao J, Fan N, Song Y, Li D, Li X, Li Z, Guan F, Tan Z. The trajectory of vesicular proteomic signatures from HBV-HCC by chitosan-magnetic bead-based separation and DIA-proteomic analysis. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12499. [PMID: 39207047 PMCID: PMC11359709 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent primary liver cancer often associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) and liver cirrhosis (LC), underscoring the critical need for biomarker discovery to improve patient outcomes. Emerging as a promising avenue for biomarker development, proteomic technology leveraging liquid biopsy from small extracellular vesicles (sEV) offers new insights. Here, we evaluated various methods for sEV isolation and identified polysaccharide chitosan (CS) as an optimal approach. Subsequently, we employed optimized CS-based magnetic beads (Mag-CS) for sEV separation from serum samples of healthy controls, CHB, LC, and HBV-HCC patients. Leveraging data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry coupled with machine learning, we uncovered potential vesicular protein biomarker signatures (KNG1, F11, KLKB1, CAPNS1, CDH1, CPN2, NME2) capable of distinguishing HBV-HCC from CHB, LC, and non-HCC conditions. Collectively, our findings highlight the utility of Mag-CS-based sEV isolation for identifying early detection biomarkers in HBV-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cao
- Institute of HematologyProvincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of MedicineNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Shuai Lin
- Department of OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Institute of Basic and Translational MedicineXi'an Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Zixuan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Shujie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Tong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Jiazhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Ning Fan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Yanan Song
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Dongmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anShaanxiP.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Institute of HematologyProvincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of MedicineNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Zhuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiP.R. China
| | - Feng Guan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Zengqi Tan
- Institute of HematologyProvincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of MedicineNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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Zhou Y, Tao L, Qiu J, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Tian X, Guan X, Cen X, Zhao Y. Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:132. [PMID: 38763973 PMCID: PMC11102923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical and encouraging value in screening and early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, and therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over the past decades, continuous progress has been made in exploring and discovering novel, sensitive, specific, and accurate tumor biomarkers, which has significantly promoted personalized medicine and improved the outcomes of cancer patients, especially advances in molecular biology technologies developed for the detection of tumor biomarkers. Herein, we summarize the discovery and development of tumor biomarkers, including the history of tumor biomarkers, the conventional and innovative technologies used for biomarker discovery and detection, the classification of tumor biomarkers based on tissue origins, and the application of tumor biomarkers in clinical cancer management. In particular, we highlight the recent advancements in biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies which are emerging as breakthroughs and promising cancer therapeutic strategies. We also discuss limitations and challenges that need to be addressed and provide insights and perspectives to turn challenges into opportunities in this field. Collectively, the discovery and application of multiple tumor biomarkers emphasized in this review may provide guidance on improved precision medicine, broaden horizons in future research directions, and expedite the clinical classification of cancer patients according to their molecular biomarkers rather than organs of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinqi Guan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Zhang J, Ma J, Li Y, An Y, Du W, Yang Q, Huang M, Cai X. Overexpression of Aurora Kinase B Is Correlated with Diagnosis and Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2199. [PMID: 38396874 PMCID: PMC10889672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinase B (AURKB) overexpression promotes tumor initiation and development by participating in the cell cycle. In this study, we focused on the mechanism of AURKB in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and on AURKB's value as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in HCC. We used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to analyze AURKB expression in HCC. We found that the expression levels of AURKB in HCC samples were higher than those in the corresponding control group. R packages were used to analyze RNA sequencing data to identify AURKB-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and these genes were found to be significantly enriched during the cell cycle. The biological function of AURKB was verified, and the results showed that cell proliferation was slowed down and cells were arrested in the G2/M phase when AURKB was knocked down. AURKB overexpression resulted in significant differences in clinical symptoms, such as the clinical T stage and pathological stage. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Cox regression analysis, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis suggested that AURKB overexpression has good diagnostic and prognostic potential in HCC. Therefore, AURKB may be used as a potential target for the diagnosis and cure of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xuefei Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixue Yuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China; (J.Z.); (J.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.A.); (W.D.); (Q.Y.); (M.H.)
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Cheng L, Luo M, Guo Y, Fan Y, Wang P, Zhou G, Qin S, Weng B, Li P, Liu Z, Liu S. Correlations among the plasma concentrations of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs and the physiological parameters influencing concentrations. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1248331. [PMID: 37869746 PMCID: PMC10587680 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1248331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The plasma concentrations of the four most commonly used first-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs, isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RMP), ethambutol (EMB), and pyrazinamide (PZA), are often not within the therapeutic range. Insufficient drug exposure could lead to drug resistance and treatment failure, while excessive drug levels may lead to adverse reactions. The purpose of this study was to identify the physiological parameters influencing anti-TB drug concentrations. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The 2-h plasma concentrations of the four drugs were measured by using the high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Results: A total of 317 patients were included in the study. The proportions of patients with INH, RMP, EMB, and PZA concentrations within the therapeutic range were 24.3%, 31.5%, 27.8%, and 18.6%, respectively. There were positive associations between the concentrations of INH and PZA and RMP and EMB, but negative associations were observed between the concentrations of INH and RMP, INH and EMB, RMP and PZA, and EMB and PZA. In the multivariate analysis, the influencing factors of the INH concentration were the PZA concentration, total bile acid (TBA), serum potassium, dose, direct bilirubin, prealbumin (PA), and albumin; those of the RMP concentration were PZA and EMB concentrations, weight, α-l-fucosidase (AFU), drinking, and dose; those of the EMB concentration were the RMP and PZA concentrations, creatinine, TBA and indirect bilirubin; and those of the PZA concentration were INH, RMP and EMB concentrations, sex, weight, uric acid and drinking. Conclusion: The complex correlations between the concentrations of the four first-line anti-TB drugs lead to a major challenge in dose adjustment to maintain all drugs within the therapeutic window. Levels of TBA, PA, AFU, and serum potassium should also be considered when adjusting the dose of the four drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yunfan Fan
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengsen Wang
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwei Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Bangbi Weng
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Peibo Li
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhirui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Songtao Liu
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Zeng F, Xu Z, Zhuang P. Integrated analysis of SKA1-related ceRNA network and SKA1 immunoassays in HCC: A study based on bioinformatic. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34826. [PMID: 37746945 PMCID: PMC10519508 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a global health challenge. Effective biomarkers are required for early diagnosis to improve survival rates of patients with HCC. Spindle and kinetochore-associated complex subunits 1 (SKA1) is essential for proper chromosome segregation in the mitotic cell cycle. Previous studies have shown that overexpression of SKA1 is associated with a poor prognosis in various cancers. The expression, prognostic value, and clinical functions of SKA1 in HCC were evaluated with several bioinformatics web portals. Additionally, we identified target long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs by analyzing messenger RNA (mRNA)-miRNA and miRNA-lncRNA interaction data and elucidated the potential competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism associated with SKA1. High SKA1 expression was associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC. Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that SKA1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for HCC. GO and KEGG analyses showed that SKA1 is related to the cell cycle checkpoints, DNA replication and repair, Rho GTPases signaling, mitotic prometaphase, and kinesins. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that high levels of SKA1 are associated with cancer-promoting pathways. DNA methylation of SKA1 in HCC tissues was lower than that in normal tissues. Ultimately, the following 9 potential ceRNA-based pathways targeting SKA1 were identified: lncRNA: AC026401.3, Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 3 (SNHG3), and AC124798.1-miR-139-5p-SKA1; lncRNA: AC26356.1, Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 16 (SNHG16), and FGD5 Antisense RNA 1-miR-22-3p-SKA1; lncRNA: Cytoskeleton Regulator RNA (CYTOR), MIR4435-2 Host Gene, and differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA-miR-125b-5p-SKA1. SKA1 expression levels significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint genes in the HCC tissues. SKA1 is a potential prognostic biomarker for HCC. This study provides a meaningful direction for research on SKA1-related mechanisms, which will be beneficial for future research on HCC-related molecular biological therapies and targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanjing Zeng
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen City, China
| | - Zhiqi Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen City, China
| | - Peng Zhuang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen City, China
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Xu M, Xu K, Yin S, Sun W, Wang G, Zhang K, Mu J, Wu M, Xing B, Zhang X, Han J, Zhao X, Chang C, Wang Y, Xu D, Yu X. In-depth serum proteomics reveals the trajectory of hallmarks of cancer in hepatitis B virus-related liver diseases. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023:100574. [PMID: 37209815 PMCID: PMC10316086 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent cancer in China, with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and liver cirrhosis (LC) being high-risk factors for developing HCC. Here, we determined the serum proteomes (762 proteins) of 125 healthy controls and Hepatitis B virus-infected CHB, LC, and HCC patients and constructed the first cancerous trajectory of liver diseases. The results not only reveal that the majority of altered biological processes were involved in the hallmarks of cancer (inflammation, metastasis, metabolism, vasculature, coagulation), but also identify potential therapeutic targets in cancerous pathways (i.e., IL17 signaling pathway). Notably, the biomarker panels for detecting HCC in CHB and LC high-risk populations were further developed using machine learning in two cohorts comprised of 200 samples (discovery cohort=125, validation cohort=75). The protein signatures significantly improved the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of HCC (CHB discovery and validation cohort = 0.953 and 0.891, respectively; LC discovery and validation cohort = 0.966 and 0.818, respectively) compared to using the traditional biomarker, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alone. Finally, selected biomarkers were validated with parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mass spectrometry in an additional cohort (n=120). Altogether, our results provide fundamental insights into the continuous changes of cancer biology processes in liver diseases and identify candidate protein targets for early detection and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Kaikun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China; Research Unit of Proteomics Driven Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shangqi Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Guibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jinsong Mu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Miantao Wu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Baocai Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100036, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jinyu Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Xiaohang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China; Research Unit of Proteomics Driven Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China.
| | - Danke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Eletreby R, Elsharkawy M, Taha AA, Hassany M, Abdelazeem A, El-Kassas M, Soliman A. Evaluation of GALAD Score in Diagnosis and Follow-up of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Local Ablative Therapy. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:334-340. [PMID: 36643039 PMCID: PMC9817041 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Strategies for detection of early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still limited. The GALAD score is a serum biomarker-based model designed to predict the probability of having HCC. We aimed to assess the ability of GALAD score to diagnose early HCC and its validity to follow patients after local ablation therapy. METHODS This multicenter prospective study included 108 patients in two groups, 58 HCC patients (67 focal lesions) with local ablative therapy (study group), and a control group of 50 patients with liver cirrhosis. The GALAD scores of the study and control groups, and of the HCC patients before and after ablative therapy were compared. RESULTS Most patients were men (74.1% in study group and 76% in controls) with hepatitis C virus infection (98.30% in the study group, and 94% in controls). GALAD scores were significantly higher in HCC patients than in those with benign cirrhosis (2.65 vs. -0.37, p=0.001). Ablative therapy was successful in 94.4% of focal lesions <2 cm, and in 86.10% of 2-5 cm lesions. The GALAD score was also significantly lower at 1 month after ablation in patients with well-ablated tumors (2.19 vs. 0.98, p=0.001). The best cutoff values of GALAD score for diagnosis of early HCC, and for prediction of well ablation of HCC were 0.74 and ≤3.31 (areas under the curve of 0.92 and 0.75, sensitivities of 84.48% and 76.19%, specificities of 89.13% and 83.33%, positive predictive values of 90.74% and 94.1%, and negative predictive values of 82% and 35.7% respectively). CONCLUSION The GALAD score was effective for the diagnosis of early HCC and for follow-up after ablative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Eletreby
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Elsharkawy
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Awad Taha
- Hepatogastroenterology Department, Theodore Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hassany
- Hepatogastroenterology Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Abdelazeem
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Kassas
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Correspondence to: Mohamed El-Kassas, Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3396-6894. Tel: +20-111-4455552, Fax: +20-235682827, E-mail:
| | - Ahmed Soliman
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Short Half-Life of Des-γ-Carboxy Prothrombin Is a Superior Factor for Early Prediction of Outcomes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Radiofrequency Ablation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040696. [PMID: 36832184 PMCID: PMC9955975 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) in patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) needs to be clarified. MATERIALS AND METHODS 174 HCC patients that underwent RFA were enrolled. We calculated the HLs of DCP from the available values before and on first day after ablation and assessed the correlation between HLs of DCP and RFA efficacy. RESULTS Of 174 patients, 63 with pre-ablation DCP concentrations of ≥80 mAU/mL were analyzed. The ROC analysis showed the optimal cut-off value of HLs of DCP for predicting RFA response was 47.5 h. Therefore, we defined short HLs of DCP < 48 h as a predictor of favorable treatment response. Of 43 patients with a complete radiological response, 34 (79.1%) had short HLs of DCP. In 36 patients with short HLs of DCP, 34 (94.4%) had a complete radiologic response. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 79.1%, 90.0%, 82.5%, 94.4%, and 66.7%. During the 12-month follow-up, patients who had short HLs of DCP had a better disease-free survival rate than patients with long HLs of DCP (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Short HLs of DCP < 48 h calculated on the first day post-RFA are a useful predictor for treatment response and recurrence-free survival after RFA.
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The mesenchymal circulating tumor cells as biomarker for prognosis prediction and supervision in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-022-04526-9. [PMID: 36633681 PMCID: PMC10356895 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of death worldwide. Accurate prognosis prediction tools are urgently needed. While the use of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as prognostic prediction tool has a clear potential. METHODS We established a comprehensive, negative enrichment-based strategy for CTCs analysis in patients with HCC, involving identification of epithelial CTCs (E-CTCs) and mesenchymal CTCs (M-CTCs) through specific biomarker. This strategy was performed in 127 HCC cases, 21 nonmalignant liver disease (NMLD) patients and 42 health control to analyze the relevance between CTCs and tumor recurrence. RESULTS The total CTC number and M-CTC percent were positively correlated with tumor malignancy and high recurrence risk. Individually, preoperative total CTC number and M-CTC percent could robustly distinguish relapse cases from those with no relapse, with sensitivity of 80.95% and 90.48%, specificity of 74.12% and 84.71%, respectively. Levels of preoperative total CTC number and M-CTC percent can both be regarded as independent risk factors for HCC with early recurrence (P = 0.0053, P < 0.0001), and are both significantly correlated with worse recurrence-free survival (RFS) (log rank P < 0.0001; HR 7.78, 95% CI = 3.59-16.87; log rank P < 0.0001; HR 24.4, 95% CI = 8.67-68.77). The levels of total CTC number and M-CTC number had higher effectiveness than alpha fetal protein (AFP) in HCC longitudinal supervision (77.78% vs 88.89% vs 22.22%). CONCLUSION Preoperative and postoperative CTCs with higher effectiveness than AFP in prognosis prediction and recurrence supervision, indicating that CTCs could work as the biomarker for HCC clinical management.
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Wu T, Song Z, Huang H, Jakos T, Jiang H, Xie Y, Zhu J. Construction and evaluation of GPC3-targeted immunotoxins as a novel therapeutic modality for hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ma J, Jin J, Lu H, Zhang J, Li Y, Cai X. Exonuclease 1 is a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:889414. [PMID: 35769911 PMCID: PMC9234278 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.889414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a global health challenge. Effective biomarkers are required for an early diagnosis to improve the survival rates of HCC patients. Exonuclease 1 (EXO1) plays a significant role in the DNA repair and recombination mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic roles of EXO1 in HCC. Methods: We analyzed the EXO1 expression levels in various cancers including HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. RNA sequencing data were analyzed using the R packages to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high- and low-EXO1 expressing HCC tissues from the TCGA–LIHC database. A Spearman’s correlation analysis was performed to determine the association between EXO1 expression and immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoint genes and TP53. MethSurv and CBioPortal databases were used to evaluate the DNA methylation changes and genetic alterations in the EXO1 gene. A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between EXO1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of the HCC patients. The diagnostic and prognostic predictive values of EXO1 were evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier (K-M) survival curves, diagnostic receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, nomogram model, and Cox regression analysis. Results: EXO1 expression levels were significantly higher in the tumor tissues and serums of HCC patients compared to the corresponding controls. The DEGs associated with EXO1 were significantly enriched in the cell proliferation pathways. EXO1 expression levels significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint genes, and TP53 in the HCC tissues. The DNA methylation status in five CpG islands of the EXO1 gene was associated with the prognosis of HCC. EXO1 expression levels in the HCC tissues were associated with the tumor grades, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, and the tumor stages. Cox regression analysis showed that EXO1 was a potential independent risk factor for the overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) of HCC patients. ROC curve analysis showed that EXO1 expression levels accurately distinguished HCC tissues from the adjacent normal liver tissues. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that EXO1 was a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, and a promising therapeutic target in HCC.
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Hu H, Quintana J, Weissleder R, Parangi S, Miller M. Deciphering albumin-directed drug delivery by imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114237. [PMID: 35364124 PMCID: PMC9117484 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein, exhibits extended circulating half-life, and its properties have long been exploited for diagnostics and therapies. Many drugs intrinsically bind albumin or have been designed to do so, yet questions remain about true rate limiting factors that govern albumin-based transport and their pharmacological impacts, particularly in advanced solid cancers. Imaging techniques have been central to quantifying - at a molecular and single-cell level - the impact of mechanisms such as phagocytic immune cell signaling, FcRn-mediated recycling, oncogene-driven macropinocytosis, and albumin-drug interactions on spatial albumin deposition and related pharmacology. Macroscopic imaging of albumin-binding probes quantifies vessel structure, permeability, and supports efficiently targeted molecular imaging. Albumin-based imaging in patients and animal disease models thus offers a strategy to understand mechanisms, guide drug development and personalize treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Hu
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, United States; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States; Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China
| | - Jeremy Quintana
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, United States
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, United States; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Sareh Parangi
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Miles Miller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, United States; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States.
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Komaki Y, Ozono Y, Nakamura K, Iwakiri H, Hasuike S, Sueta M, Miike T, Yamamoto S, Uto H, Kusumoto K, Ochiai T, Kato J, Komada N, Kuroki K, Eto T, Shigehira M, Hirono S, Nagata K, Kawakami H. Efficacy and safety of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir in Japanese patients with hepatitis C virus infection aged 75 years or older. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:210. [PMID: 35484503 PMCID: PMC9052496 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is estimated that approximately 50% of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Japan are currently over 75 years old. However, patients aged ≥ 75 years are typically underrepresented in clinical trials of direct-acting antivirals. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir (G/P) treatment in Japanese patients with HCV infection aged ≥ 75 years. Methods This multicenter, retrospective study included 271 Japanese patients with HCV infection from 12 centers in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. Demographic, clinical, virological, and adverse events (AEs) data obtained during and after G/P treatment were collected from medical records. The patients were divided into two groups: younger (n = 199, aged < 75 years) and older (n = 72, aged ≥ 75 years). Virological data and AEs were analyzed according to the age group. Results In intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol analyses, the overall sustained virological response 12 (SVR12) rates were 93% and 98.8%, respectively. Two patients in the older group and 14 patients in the younger group dropped out before SVR12 assessment. Although patients in the older group tended to have liver cirrhosis, 95.8% in the older group and 92% in the younger group achieved SVR12 in the ITT analysis (P = 0.404). In total, 48 (17.7%) patients experienced treatment-related AEs. Common AEs during treatment included pruritus, headache, and fatigue. The AEs were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions Compared with younger patients, older patients showed similar virological response and tolerance to G/P treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Komaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ozono
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nakamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Iwakiri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Satoru Hasuike
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Mitsue Sueta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tadashi Miike
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shojiro Yamamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Uto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Miyazaki Medical Center Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kusumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Koga General Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Ochiai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Koga General Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Junya Kato
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Miyakonojo Medical Center, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Naoto Komada
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Miyakonojo Medical Center, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kuroki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kushima Municipal Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Eto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kushima Municipal Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Shuichi Hirono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hirono Naika Clinic, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Nagata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawakami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
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Glypican-3 and hepatocyte paraffin-1 combined with alpha-fetoprotein as a novel risk scoring model for predicting early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 33:e603-e609. [PMID: 34034276 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, the predictive model of postsurgical recurrence for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well-established. The aim of this study was to develop a novel model for prediction of postsurgical recurrence and survival for HCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from 112 patients who underwent curative liver resection from June 2014 to June 2017 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University were collected retrospectively. Through the statistical analysis, we combined the results of glypican-3 (GPC3) and hepatocyte paraffin-1 (Heppar1) chemical staining in tumor tissues and preoperative alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, and assigned risk scores to them, respectively, to establish an improved prognostic model for predicting recurrence in these patients. RESULTS By univariate and multivariate analysis, AFP level [cut-off value: 382 ng/ml, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.652, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.539-0.765, P < 0.05] and GPC3/Heppar1 expression pattern from 10 putative prognostic factors were entered in risk factor scoring model to conjecture the tumor recurrence. At 36 months after liver resection, the recurrence rate of high-risk group in the novel risk scoring model reached 45.6%, which was significantly higher than that of low-risk group (9.1%). In this experiment, the AUC value of the model was 0.741 (95% CI = 0.644-0.839, P < 0.001), which was the highest among all the elements. CONCLUSION The novel risk scoring model of combing AFP cut-off value and GPC3/Heppar1 were shown to be effective at predicting early recurrence of HCC after curative resection.
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Natu A, Singh A, Gupta S. Hepatocellular carcinoma: Understanding molecular mechanisms for defining potential clinical modalities. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:1568-1583. [PMID: 34904030 PMCID: PMC8637668 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i11.1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the sixth most commonly occurring cancer and costs millions of lives per year. The diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has relied on scanning techniques and serum-based markers such as α-fetoprotein. These measures have limitations due to their detection limits and asymptomatic conditions during the early stages, resulting in late-stage cancer diagnosis where targeted chemotherapy or systemic treatment with sorafenib is offered. However, the aid of conventional therapy for patients in the advanced stage of HCC has limited outcomes. Thus, it is essential to seek a new treatment strategy and improve the diagnostic techniques to manage the disease. Researchers have used the omics profile of HCC patients for sub-classification of tissues into different groups, which has helped us with prognosis. Despite these efforts, a promising target for treatment has not been identified. The hurdle in this situation is genetic and epigenetic variations in the tumor, leading to disparities in response to treatment. Understanding reversible epigenetic changes along with clinical traits help to define new markers for patient categorization and design personalized therapy. Many clinical trials of inhibitors of epigenetic modifiers (also known as epi-drugs) are in progress. Epi-drugs like azacytidine or belinostat are already approved for other cancer treatments. Furthermore, epigenetic changes have also been observed in drug-resistant HCC tumors. In such cases, combinatorial treatment of epi-drugs with systemic therapy or trans-arterial chemoembolization might re-sensitize resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhiram Natu
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anjali Singh
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India
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Isaac A, Mohamed SM, Ahmed OA, Hassan AGM, Rasmy HS. Amphiregulin as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma before and after locoregional treatment. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43162-021-00078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly prevalent tumor worldwide. Amphiregulin is a ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Its elevation is linked to different inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. Therefore, amphiregulin may represent a potential diagnostic target in HCC, which has sparked interest as a potential predictor of diagnosis and progression of HCC. The current work was set out to evaluate amphiregulin as a possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HCC on top of cirrhosis. Thirty adult patients with liver cirrhosis and HCC (HCC group) were randomly selected as candidates for locoregional therapies, either radiofrequency ablation or transarterial chemoembolization. A separate group of thirty liver cirrhosis patients served as controls (cirrhosis group). All patients underwent standard laboratory tests and abdominal ultrasounds. Alpha-fetoprotein and amphiregulin were measured twice at baseline and 1 month after the intervention.
Results
Baseline serum amphiregulin was significantly higher in the HCC group than in the cirrhosis group (23.2 ± 11.5 vs. 11.1 ± 7.1), with a p value < 0.001. Patients with multiple and larger focal lesions had greater levels of amphiregulin, with p values of 0.015 and 0.002, respectively. At 1 month following locoregional treatment, the amphiregulin level considerably declined compared with its baseline levels (from 23.2 ± 11.5 to 19.4 ± 10.9), with a p value of 0.012, while AFP showed an insignificant reduction. At follow-up, the level of serum amphiregulin was statistically significantly greater in recurrence cases than in remission cases (30.8 ± 14.1 vs. 17.2 ± 8.8), with a p value of 0.008, and the same was observed for AFP level.
At a cutoff ≥ 17 pg/mL, amphiregulin was a valuable marker in HCC detection with a sensitivity and specificity of 63.3% and 86.7%, respectively, while it has 60% sensitivity and 96% specificity in detecting possible tumor recurrence at a cutoff ≥ 29.7 pg/ml.
Conclusions
Amphiregulin may be a good diagnostic marker for HCC and a prognostic marker after locoregional therapies because its follow-up levels are useful in predicting possible tumor recurrence.
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17
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Recent updates on chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:1075-1087. [PMID: 33500535 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy is novel tumor immunotherapy that enables T cells to specifically recognize tumor-associated antigens through genetic engineering technology, thus exerting antitumor effects, and it has achieved encouraging outcomes in leukemia and lymphoma. Building on excellent progress, CAR-T therapy is also expected to work well in solid tumors. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver cancer, is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. Current management options for HCC remain limited, and although previous studies have indicated the feasibility of CAR-T cells, ideal therapeutic effects have not yet been achieved. This is, in part, due to the heterogeneity of tumor antigens, high intratumor pressure, immunosuppressive microenvironment, CAR-T cell exhaustion, and serious adverse reactions, which compromise the therapeutic efficiency of CAR-T immunotherapy in HCC. To overcoming these challenges, many ongoing preclinical and clinical studies were conducted. This review summarizes current CAR-T therapy targets in the treatment of HCC, discusses current obstacles and possible solutions in the process, and describes potential strategies to improve the efficacy of CAR-T cells for patients with HCC.
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Ji J, Liu L, Jiang F, Wen X, Zhang Y, Li S, Lou J, Wang Y, Liu N, Guo Q, Jia Y, Gao C. The clinical application of PIVKA-II in hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver diseases: A multi-center study in China. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e24013. [PMID: 34590755 PMCID: PMC8605129 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the absence of specific symptoms and low survival rate, efficient biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis are urgently required. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) and to determine the optimal cutoff values for HBV infection-related HCC. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional, multi-center study in China to ascertain the cutoff value for HCC patients in the context of CHB- and HBV-related cirrhosis. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of PIVKA-II. RESULTS This study enrolled 784 subjects and demonstrated that PIVKA-II had a sensitivity of 84.08% and a specificity of 90.43% in diagnosis HCC from chronic liver diseases. PIVKA-II at a cutoff of 37.5 mAU/mL yielded an AUC of 0.9737 (sensitivity 91.78% and specificity 96.30%) in discriminating HCC from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. PIVKA-II at a cutoff of 45 mAU/mL yielded an AUC of 0.9419 (sensitivity 77.46% and specificity 95.12%) in discriminating HCC- from HBV-related cirrhosis patients. Furthermore, using a cutoff value of 40 mAU/mL for PIVKA-II as an HCC marker, only 4.81% (15/312) was positive in chronic hepatitis and 12.80% (37/289) in cirrhosis patients, revealing the satisfactory specificity of PIVKA-II in chronic liver disease of different etiologies. CONCLUSION Our data indicated that PIVKA-II had satisfactory diagnostic efficiencies and could be used as a screening or surveillance biomarker in HCC high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mengchao hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Feifei Jiang
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mengchao hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Shengcong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mengchao hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Jinli Lou
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyan Guo
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Jia
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunfang Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Label-free electrochemical-immunoassay of cancer biomarkers: Recent progress and challenges in the efficient diagnosis of cancer employing electroanalysis and based on point of care (POC). Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Chicco D, Oneto L. Computational intelligence identifies alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and hemoglobin levels as most predictive survival factors for hepatocellular carcinoma. Health Informatics J 2021; 27:1460458220984205. [PMID: 33504243 DOI: 10.1177/1460458220984205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer kills approximately 800 thousand people annually worldwide, and its most common subtype is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which usually affects people with cirrhosis. Predicting survival of patients with HCC remains an important challenge, especially because technologies needed for this scope are not available in all hospitals. In this context, machine learning applied to medical records can be a fast, low-cost tool to predict survival and detect the most predictive features from health records. In this study, we analyzed medical data of 165 patients with HCC: we employed computational intelligence to predict their survival, and to detect the most relevant clinical factors able to discriminate survived from deceased cases. Afterwards, we compared our data mining results with those obtained through statistical tests and scientific literature findings. Our analysis revealed that blood levels of alkaline-phosphatase (ALP), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and hemoglobin are the most effective prognostic factors in this dataset. We found literature supporting association of these three factors with hepatoma, even though only AFP has been used in a prognostic index. Our results suggest that ALP and hemoglobin can be candidates for future HCC prognostic indexes, and that physicians could focus on ALP, AFP, and hemoglobin when studying HCC records.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Oneto
- Università di Genova, Italy; ZenaByte Srl
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21
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Khairil Anwar NA, Mohd Nazri MN, Murtadha AH, Mohd Adzemi ER, Balakrishnan V, Mustaffa KMF, Tengku Din TADAA, Yahya MM, Haron J, Mokshtar NF. Prognostic prospect of soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 in cancer management. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:961-978. [PMID: 34180502 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive tissue biopsy is commonly unavoidable in the management of most suspected tumor cases to conclusively verify the presence of cancerous cells through histological assessment. The extracted tissue is also immunostained for detection of antigens (tissue tumor markers) of potential prognostic or therapeutic importance to assist in treatment decision. Although liquid biopsies can be a powerful tool for monitoring treatment response, they are still excluded from standard cancer diagnostics, and their utility is still being debated in the scientific community. With a myriad of soluble tissue tumor markers now being discovered, liquid biopsies could completely change the current paradigms of cancer management. Recently, soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 (sPD-L1), which is found in the peripheral blood, i.e. serum and plasma, has shown potential as a pre-therapeutic predictive marker as well as a prognostic biomarker to monitor treatment efficacy. Thus, this review focuses on the emergence of sPD-L1 and promising technologies for its detection in order to support liquid biopsies for future cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Amira Khairil Anwar
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Najmi Mohd Nazri
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Hafiz Murtadha
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Elis Rosliza Mohd Adzemi
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Venugopal Balakrishnan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Mohd Fadzli Mustaffa
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | | | - Maya Mazuwin Yahya
- Breast Cancer Awareness & Research Unit (BestARi), Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Juhara Haron
- Breast Cancer Awareness & Research Unit (BestARi), Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Noor Fatmawati Mokshtar
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
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22
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Pan YX, Sun XQ, Hu ZL, Xie W, Nie KX, Fang AP, Zhang YY, Fu YZ, Chen JB, Wang JC, Wang X, Zhang YJ, Hu DD, Chen MS. Prognostic Values of Alpha-Fetoprotein and Des-Gamma-Carboxyprothrombin in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in China: An Analysis of 4792 Patients. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2021; 8:657-670. [PMID: 34235104 PMCID: PMC8243598 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s316223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been studied extensively in Japan, where hepatitis C virus is the predominant aetiology of HCC. The clinical profiles of HCC regarding the state of AFP and DCP in a hepatitis B virus epidemic area have not been comprehensively investigated, and the value of these tumour markers in evaluating the response to treatment and the detection of recurrence has yet to be determined. Patients and Methods A total of 4792 patients treated in our centre were continuously analysed regarding accessible AFP and DCP data pre- and posttreatment. Baseline characteristics were summarized, and comparisons of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were made independently. The prognostic significance of each factor was tested with the Cox proportional hazards model. Patients who had AFP and DCP data pretreatment, pre- and posttreatment, and those who were continuously monitored more than twice were analysed separately. Results A total of 2600 patients (53.4%) were positive for AFP and DCP; 362 (7.6%) and 1211 (25.3%) patients were AFP- or DCP-positive, respectively, and 619 patients (12.9%) were negative for both AFP and DCP. Patients in the AFP single-positive or double-negative groups had the best OS (P<0.001). Patients with less than 50% responses in AFP and DCP after treatments suffered from worse prognostic survival (P<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, elevated AFP and DCP were identified as independent prognostic factors of PFS and OS. In addition, different tumour markers were related to different clinical and pathological traits. Conclusion The present study comprehensively explored the clinical value of classical tumour markers for HCC using the “point-to-line” method. Positivity of pretreatment AFP and DCP or less than 50% treatment response rates exhibited more aggressive HCC, resulting in poor PFS and OS in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Xun Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, 17165, Sweden
| | - Xu-Qi Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Li Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wa Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Xin Nie
- Real World Study Team, BaseBit.ai, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Ping Fang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Yao Zhang
- Real World Study Team, BaseBit.ai, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhen Fu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Bin Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Cheng Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Jun Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Shan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
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23
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Amado V, González-Rubio S, Zamora J, Alejandre R, Espejo-Cruz ML, Linares C, Sánchez-Frías M, García-Jurado G, Montero JL, Ciria R, Rodríguez-Perálvarez M, Ferrín G, De la Mata M. Clearance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Surgical Resection or Liver Transplantation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102476. [PMID: 34069569 PMCID: PMC8160727 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a complete clearance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) early after liver transplantation (LT) or surgical resection (LR) could prevent tumor recurrence. METHODS prospective pilot study including patients with HCC who underwent LR or LT from September 2017 to May 2020. Enumeration of CTCs was performed in peripheral blood samples (7 mL) using the Isoflux® system (Fluxion Biosciences) immediately before surgery, at post-operative day 5 and at day 30. A clinically relevant number of CTCs was defined as >30 CTCs/sample. RESULTS 41 HCC patients were included (mean age 58.7 ± 6.3; 82.9% male). LR was performed in 10 patients (24.4%) and 31 patients (75.6%) underwent LT. The main etiology of liver disease was chronic hepatitis C (31.7%). Patients undergoing LR and LT were similar in terms of preoperative CTC count (p = 0.99), but clearance of CTCs within the first month was more pronounced in the LT group. Clusters of CTCs at baseline were associated with incomplete clearance of CTCs at day 30 (54.2% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.005), which in turn impacted negatively on survival (p = 0.038). CONCLUSION Incomplete clearance of CTCs after surgery could be a surrogate marker of HCC aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Amado
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (V.A.); (J.Z.); (R.A.); (J.L.M.); (M.D.l.M.)
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (S.G.-R.); (M.L.E.-C.); (C.L.); (G.G.-J.); (R.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Sandra González-Rubio
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (S.G.-R.); (M.L.E.-C.); (C.L.); (G.G.-J.); (R.C.); (G.F.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Zamora
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (V.A.); (J.Z.); (R.A.); (J.L.M.); (M.D.l.M.)
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (S.G.-R.); (M.L.E.-C.); (C.L.); (G.G.-J.); (R.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Rafael Alejandre
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (V.A.); (J.Z.); (R.A.); (J.L.M.); (M.D.l.M.)
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (S.G.-R.); (M.L.E.-C.); (C.L.); (G.G.-J.); (R.C.); (G.F.)
| | - María Lola Espejo-Cruz
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (S.G.-R.); (M.L.E.-C.); (C.L.); (G.G.-J.); (R.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Clara Linares
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (S.G.-R.); (M.L.E.-C.); (C.L.); (G.G.-J.); (R.C.); (G.F.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gema García-Jurado
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (S.G.-R.); (M.L.E.-C.); (C.L.); (G.G.-J.); (R.C.); (G.F.)
| | - José Luis Montero
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (V.A.); (J.Z.); (R.A.); (J.L.M.); (M.D.l.M.)
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (S.G.-R.); (M.L.E.-C.); (C.L.); (G.G.-J.); (R.C.); (G.F.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Ciria
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (S.G.-R.); (M.L.E.-C.); (C.L.); (G.G.-J.); (R.C.); (G.F.)
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Perálvarez
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (V.A.); (J.Z.); (R.A.); (J.L.M.); (M.D.l.M.)
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (S.G.-R.); (M.L.E.-C.); (C.L.); (G.G.-J.); (R.C.); (G.F.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Gustavo Ferrín
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (S.G.-R.); (M.L.E.-C.); (C.L.); (G.G.-J.); (R.C.); (G.F.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel De la Mata
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (V.A.); (J.Z.); (R.A.); (J.L.M.); (M.D.l.M.)
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (S.G.-R.); (M.L.E.-C.); (C.L.); (G.G.-J.); (R.C.); (G.F.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Alam S, Nasreen S, Ahmad A, Darokar MP, Khan F. Detection of Natural Inhibitors against Human Liver Cancer Cell Lines through QSAR, Molecular Docking and ADMET Studies. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:686-695. [PMID: 33280598 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666201204155830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer is ranked as the fifth most prevalent and third most lethal cancer worldwide. The incidence rates of this cancer are on the rise, and only limited treatment options are available. METHODS To identify and optimize the inhibitors of liver cancer cell-lines, a QSAR model was developed by using multiple linear regression methods. The robustness of the model was validated through statistical methods and wet-lab experiments. RESULTS The developed QSAR models yielded high activity descriptor relationship accuracy of 91%, referred to by regression coefficient (r2= 0.91), and a high activity prediction accuracy of 89%. The external predicted (pred_r2) ability of the model was found to be 90%. CONCLUSION The QSAR study indicates that chemical descriptors such as to measure of electronegative atom count (Epsilon3), atom type count descriptors (MMFF_10), number of a carbon atom connected with four single bonds (SssssCE- index), molecular weight and, number of oxygen atom connected with two aromatic bonds (SaaOE-index) are significantly correlated with anticancer activity. The model, which was validated statistically and through wet-lab experiments, was further used in the virtual screening of potential inhibitors against the liver cancer cell line WRL68. ADMET risk screening, synthetic accessibility, and Lipinski's rule of five are used to filter false positive hits. AfterwardS, to achieve a set of aligned ligand poses and rank the predicted active compounds, docking studies were carried out. The studied compounds and their metabolites were also analyzed for different pharmacokinetics parameters. Finally, a series of compounds was proposed as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarfaraz Alam
- Metabolic & Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015 (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Sadaf Nasreen
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015 (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Ateeque Ahmad
- Process Chemistry and Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015 (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Mahendra Pandurang Darokar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015 (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Feroz Khan
- Metabolic & Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015 (Uttar Pradesh), India
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25
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α-Fetoprotein mRNA in situ hybridisation is a highly specific marker of hepatocellular carcinoma: a multi-centre study. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1988-1996. [PMID: 33824478 PMCID: PMC8184895 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pathologic diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be challenging in differentiating from benign and non-hepatocytic malignancy lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential utility of α-fetoprotein (AFP) mRNA RNAscope, a sensitive and specific method, in the diagnosis of HCC. Methods Three independent retrospective cohorts containing 2216 patients with HCC, benign liver lesions, and non-hepatocytic tumours were examined. AFP was detected using ELISA, IHC (Immunohistochemistry), and RNAscope. Glypican3 (GPC3), hepatocyte paraffin-1 (HepPar-1), and arginase-1 (Arg-1) proteins were detected using IHC. Results AFP RNAscope improved the HCC detection sensitivity by 24.7–32.7% compared with IHC. In two surgical cohorts, a panel of AFP RNAscope and GPC3 provided the best diagnostic value in differentiating HCC from benign hepatocytic lesions (AUC = 0.905 and 0.811), and a panel including AFP RNAscope, GPC3, HepPar-1, and Arg-1 yielded the best AUC (0.971 and 0.977) when distinguishing HCC from non-hepatocytic malignancies. The results from the liver biopsy cohort were similar, and additional application of AFP RNAscope improved the sensitivity by 18% when distinguishing HCC from benign hepatocytic lesions. Conclusions AFP mRNA detected by RNAscope is highly specific for hepatocytic malignancy and may serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker for HCC.
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Shi S, Wang L, Wang C, Xu J, Niu Z. Serum-derived exosomes function as tumor antigens in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Immunol 2021; 134:210-217. [PMID: 33819783 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are protein-containing vesicles that are secreted into the blood to mediate important biological and pathological processes. The present study enrolled 86 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 60 healthy controls. Serum exosome levels of the patient group were significantly elevated compared with the healthy control group (P = 0.001). No significant differences were observed between patients with serum alpha-fetoglobulin levels of less than 200 ng/mL and more than 200 ng/mL. In vitro, dendritic cells (DCs) were activated by exosomes and could promote T cell proliferation, exhibiting a killing effect on HepG2 cells. In addition, DCs loaded with tumor exosomes (DC-TEX) showed an antitumor effect in a subcutaneous tumor model. This study shows exosome levels in patients with HCC to be significantly higher than in healthy individuals. Furthermore, exosomes derived from serum of patients with advanced HCC function as tumor antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbin Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ward 2, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shan Xian Center Hospital, Heze, Shandong, 274300, China
| | - Cuijuan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ward 2, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Zuoxing Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ward 2, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China.
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27
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Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of Midkine and AFP for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222066. [PMID: 32039435 PMCID: PMC7087326 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Midkine (MDK) has been proposed as one of the most promising markers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This meta-analysis was conducted to compare the diagnostic accuracy of MDK and α-fetoprotein (AFP) for HCC. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Ovid/EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for all relevant studies up to 18 May 2019. The Revised Quality Assessment for Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy tool (QUADAS-2) was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. The sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve (AUC) of MDK and AFP for detecting HCC were pooled using random-effects model. Results: Seventeen studies from five articles with a total of 1122 HCC patients and 2483 controls were included. The summary estimates using MDK and AFP for detecting HCC were as follows: sensitivity, 85 vs 52%, specificity, 82 vs 94%, and AUC, 0.90 vs 0.83. The summary estimates using MDK and AFP for detecting hepatitis virus-related HCC as follows: sensitivity, 93 vs 74%, specificity, 85 vs 97%, and AUC, 0.95 vs 0.97. The summary estimates using MDK and AFP for detecting early-stage HCC were as follows: sensitivity, 83.5 vs 44.4%, specificity, 81.7 vs 84.8%, and AUC, 0.87 vs 0.52. The summary estimates using MDK for detecting AFP-negative HCC as follows: sensitivity, 88.5%, specificity, 83.9%, and AUC, 0.91. Conclusion: MDK is more accurate than AFP in diagnosing HCC, especially for early-stage HCC and AFP-negative HCC. Both MDK and AFP had excellent diagnostic performance for hepatitis virus-related HCC.
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28
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Zheng N, Zhang S, Wu W, Zhang N, Wang J. Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targeting of vasculogenic mimicry in hepatocellular carcinoma. Pharmacol Res 2021; 166:105507. [PMID: 33610718 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a typical hyper-vascular solid tumor; aberrantly rich in tumor vascular network contributes to its malignancy. Conventional anti-angiogenic therapies seem promising but transitory and incomplete efficacy on HCC. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is one of functional microcirculation patterns independent of endothelial vessels which describes the plasticity of highly aggressive tumor cells to form vasculogenic-like networks providing sufficient blood supply for tumor growth and metastasis. As a pivotal alternative mechanism for tumor vascularization when tumor cells undergo lack of oxygen and nutrients, VM has an association with the malignant phenotype and poor clinical outcome for HCC, and may challenge the classic anti-angiogenic treatment of HCC. Current studies have contributed numerous findings illustrating the underlying molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways supporting VM in HCC. In this review, we summarize the correlation between epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells (CSCs) and VM, the role of hypoxia and extracellular matrix remodeling in VM, the involvement of adjacent non-cancerous cells, cytokines and growth factors in VM, as well as the regulatory influence of non-coding RNAs on VM in HCC. Moreover, we discuss the clinical significance of VM in practice and the potential therapeutic strategies targeting VM for HCC. A better understanding of the mechanism underlying VM formation in HCC may optimize anti-angiogenic treatment modalities for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Shaoqin Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jichuang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
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Su WL, Chuang SC, Wang YC, Chen LA, Huang JW, Chang WT, Wang SN, Lee KT, Lin CS, Kuo KK. Expression of FOXM1 and Aurora-A predicts prognosis and sorafenib efficacy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2021; 28:341-350. [PMID: 32390596 PMCID: PMC7458516 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-190507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Effective prognostic biomarkers and powerful target-therapeutic drugs are needed for improving the treatment of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the expression of FOXM1 and Aurora-A and their prognostic value in HCC. METHODS: We determined the differentially expressed genes signature in HCC using the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and then evaluated the expression of FOXM1 and Aurora-A in TCGA and KMUH cohort. Associations between co-expression of FOXM1 and Aurora-A and clinical variables were calculated. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were estimated with different FOXM1 and Aurora-A expression status. RESULTS: FOXM1-related gene sets were mostly associated with cell cycle regulation in HCC tissues. We found a positive correlation between the expression of FOXM1 and Aurora-A. Overexpression of FOXM1 and Aurora-A was associated with larger tumor size, advanced stage, higher grade, and double-positive for HBV and HCV. The coordinated overexpression of FOXM1 and Aurora-A was the most significant independent prognostic factor for OS and RFS. Furthermore, the concomitant high expression of FOXM1 and Aurora-A predicted the worst OS of sorafenib-treated patients with HCC. CONCLUSIONS: The co-expression of FOXM1 and Aurora-A could be a reliable biomarker to predict the sorafenib response and prognosis of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lung Su
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chang Chuang
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chu Wang
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lin-An Chen
- Department of Surgery, Health and Welfare Ministry Pingtung Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Wei Huang
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsan Chang
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Nien Wang
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - King-Teh Lee
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Shen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Kai Kuo
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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30
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Liu D, Luo Y, Chen L, Chen L, Zuo D, Li Y, Zhang X, Wu J, Xi Q, Li G, Qi L, Yue X, Zhang X, Sun Z, Zhang N, Song T, Lu W, Guo H. Diagnostic value of 5 serum biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma with different epidemiological backgrounds: A large-scale, retrospective study. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:256-270. [PMID: 33628599 PMCID: PMC7877174 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal global disease that requires an accurate diagnosis. We assessed the potential of 5 serum biomarkers (AFP, AFU, GGT-II, GPC3, and HGF) in the diagnosis of HCC. Methods: In this retrospective study, we measured the serum levels of each biomarker using ELISAs in 921 participants, including 298 patients with HCC, 154 patients with chronic hepatitis (CH), 122 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), and 347 healthy controls from 3 hospitals. Patients negative for hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C antibody (called “NBNC-HCC”) and patients positive for the above indices (called “HBV-HCC and HCV-HCC”) were enrolled. The selected diagnostic model was constructed using a training cohort (n = 468), and a validation cohort (n = 453) was used to validate our results. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy. Results: The α-L-fucosidase (AFU)/α-fetoprotein (AFP) combination was best able to distinguish NBNC-HCC [area under the curve: 0.986 (95% confidence interval: 0.958–0.997), sensitivity: 92.6%, specificity: 98.9%] from healthy controls in the test cohort. For screening populations at risk of developing HCC (CH and LC), the AFP/AFU combination improved the diagnostic specificity for early-stage HCC [area under the curve: 0.776 (0.712–0.831), sensitivity: 52.5%, specificity: 91.6% in the test group]. In all-stage HBV-HCC and HCV-HCC, AFU was also the best candidate biomarker combined with AFP [area under the curve: 0.835 (0.784–0.877), sensitivity 69.1%, specificity: 87.4% in the test group]. All results were verified in the validation group. Conclusions: The AFP/AFU combination could be used to identify NBNC-HCC from healthy controls and hepatitis-related HCC from at-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Liver Cancer Research Center for Prevention and Therapy
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Liver Cancer Research Center for Prevention and Therapy
| | | | - Duo Zuo
- Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yueguo Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Qing Xi
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology
| | | | - Lisha Qi
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiaofen Yue
- Department of Tianjin Research Institute of Liver Diseases, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xiehua Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
| | - Zhuoyu Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- The Center for Translational Cancer Research, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Tianqiang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Liver Cancer Research Center for Prevention and Therapy
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Liver Cancer Research Center for Prevention and Therapy
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology
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Czauderna C, Schmidtmann I, Koch S, Pilz L, Heinrich S, Otto G, Mittler J, Lang H, Kloeckner R, Düber C, Sprinzl MF, Worns MA, Galle PR, Marquardt JU, Weinmann A. High pre-treatment static and dynamic alpha-fetoprotein values predict reduced overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. United European Gastroenterol J 2020; 9:2050640620972611. [PMID: 33226301 PMCID: PMC8259127 DOI: 10.1177/2050640620972611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. Novel prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers are urgently needed to improve patient management. Alpha-fetoprotein is a well-established and widely used biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, diagnostic accuracy of static alpha-fetoprotein values is limited and the clinical potential is a matter of ongoing scientific discussion. OBJECTIVE We here evaluated the prognostic impact of pre-treatment static and dynamic alpha-fetoprotein variables on overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients in a Western cohort. METHODS Patients with confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 809) treated at the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz between 1998 and 2014 and two available pre-treatment alpha-fetoprotein-values (AFP-slope) were retrospectively analysed. Clinico-pathological baseline parameters, pre-treatment static values and AFP-slope were assessed. Prognostic impact was determined by Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox regression models. RESULTS High static and dynamic alpha-fetoprotein variables prior to therapy were associated with reduced survival rates of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Several known clinical parameters such as Child-Pugh B (p < 0.01) and C stage (p < 0.001), portal vein thrombosis (p < 0.001) and extrahepatic spread (p < 0.001) were confirmed as independent predictors for overall survival. Addition of static and/or dynamic alpha-fetoprotein variable resulted in higher time-dependent area under the curves. Notably, in patients with more favourable prognosis, AFP-slope prior to therapy was a slightly stronger predictor for overall survival compared with static alpha-fetoprotein values. CONCLUSION Static and dynamic alpha-fetoprotein variables prior to therapy are predictive for overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Addition of AFP-slope to established prognostic parameters might improve prognostic classification for a subgroup of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with preserved liver function and without portal vein tumour thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Czauderna
- Department of Internal Medicine IJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
- Department of Medicine IUniversity Medical Centre SchleswigHolstein—Campus LübeckLübeckGermany
| | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Institute of Medical BiostatisticsEpidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI)Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant SurgeryJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Sandra Koch
- Department of Internal Medicine IJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Lukas Pilz
- Department of Internal Medicine IJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Sophia Heinrich
- Department of Internal Medicine IJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Gerd Otto
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant SurgeryJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Jens Mittler
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant SurgeryJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant SurgeryJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Roman Kloeckner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Christoph Düber
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Martin F. Sprinzl
- Department of Internal Medicine IJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Marcus A. Worns
- Department of Internal Medicine IJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Peter R. Galle
- Department of Internal Medicine IJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Jens U. Marquardt
- Department of Internal Medicine IJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
- Department of Medicine IUniversity Medical Centre SchleswigHolstein—Campus LübeckLübeckGermany
| | - Arndt Weinmann
- Department of Internal Medicine IJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
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Luo B, Yun X, Li J, Fan R, Guo WW, Liu C, Lin YD, Ge YY, Zeng X, Bi SQ, Nong WX, Zhang QM, Xie XX. Cancer-testis Antigen OY-TES-1 Expression and Immunogenicity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:719-728. [PMID: 32862383 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer testis (CT) antigens have received particular attention in cancer immunotherapy. OY-TES-1 is a member of CT antigens. This study was to evaluate OY-TES-1 expression and immunogenicity in hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC). OY-TES-1 mRNA expression was detected in 56 HCC tissues and 5 normal liver tissues by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Of the 56 cases of HCC tissues tested, 37 cases had tumor and matched adjacent non-cancer tissues and were subjected to both RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR. OY-TES-1 protein was subsequently observed on a panel of tissue microarrays. Sera from patients were tested for OY-TES-1 antibody by ELISA. To identify OY-TES-1 capable of inducing cellular immune response, OY-TES-1 protein was used to sensitize dentritic cells and the cytotoxicity effect was measured in vitro. The results showed that OY-TES-1 mRNA was highly expressed in 41 of the 56 (73.21%) HCC tissues, whereas none in 5 normal liver tissues. OY-TES-1 mRNA was frequently expressed not only in HCC tissues (72.97%, 27/37), but also in paired adjacent non-cancer tissues (64.86%, 24/37). But the mean expression level of OY-TES-1 mRNA in HCC tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent non-cancer tissues (0.76854 vs. 0.09834, P=0.021). Immunohistochemistry showed that OY-TES-1 protein expression was detected in 6 of the 49 cases of HCC tissues, and absent in 9 cases of normal liver and 6 cases of cirrhosis tissues. Seropositivity was detected in 10 of the 45 HCC patients, but not detected in 17 cirrhosis patients and 76 healthy donors. The specific cytotoxic T cells elicited by OY-TES-1 could kill HLA-A2+ HCC cell line which expressed OY-TES-1. The target lysis was mainly HLA class I -dependent and could be blocked by antibodies against monomorphic HLA class I but not HLA class II molecule. In summary, OY-TES-1 expression is up-regulated in HCC tissues and can be recognized by humoral and cellular responses, which suggests that OY-TES-1 is an attractive target for tumor immunotherapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiang Yun
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jing Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Chinese Medicine Hospital, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Rong Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Wen-Wen Guo
- Department of Pathology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yong-da Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ying-Ying Ge
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xia Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shui-Qing Bi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Wei-Xia Nong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Qing-Mei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Xiao-Xun Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China. .,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China. .,Key Laboratory Research on Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Jasirwan COM, Fahira A, Siregar L, Loho I. The alpha-fetoprotein serum is still reliable as a biomarker for the surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma in Indonesia. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:215. [PMID: 32646378 PMCID: PMC7346661 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of liver cancer, is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide with an inferior prognosis. In Indonesia, the average life expectancy is less than 5 months, with most patients being in an advanced stage wherein the survival rate is very low. Early detection through surveillance program is very crucial. HCC guidelines worldwide have provided surveillance recommendation through the examination of α-fetoprotein (AFP) and ultrasound for patients at risk in developing HCC. However, there have been some controversies regarding the usage of AFP concerning its low sensitivity and specificity in detecting HCC. Therefore, the effectiveness of AFP in the surveillance of HCC patients and identifying the parameters most associated with the increase of AFP ≥ 10 ng/ml in Indonesia should be evaluated. Methods We analyzed medical records of HCC patients and those at high risk of developing HCC through cross-sectional study, including patients with cirrhosis and hepatitis B and C, from 2015 to 2017 who underwent treatment at the Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital and Dharmais National Cancer Hospital, Indonesia. Results The sensitivity and specificity of AFP in the surveillance of HCC in Indonesia with a cut-off of 10 ng/ml were 82.6 and 71.2%, respectively. The parameters most associated with the increase of AFP ≥10 ng/ml according to multivariate analysis were the etiology of hepatitis B, the stage of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) B and C, and the presence of cirrhosis, respectively. Conclusion AFP can still be used in the surveillance of HCC in Indonesia for its high sensitivity value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chyntia Olivia Maurine Jasirwan
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Alessa Fahira
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lianda Siregar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dharmais National Cancer Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Imelda Loho
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dharmais National Cancer Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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The Significance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Real-Time Monitoring and Moving Targets for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071734. [PMID: 32610709 PMCID: PMC7408113 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is ranked as the sixth most common cancer around the world. With the emergence of the state-of-the-art modalities lately, such as liver transplantation, image-guided ablation, and chemoembolization, the death rate is still high due to high metastasis rate after therapy. Observation by biannual ultrasonography allows effective diagnosis at an early stage for candidates with no extrahepatic metastasis, but its effectiveness still remains unsatisfactory. Developing a new test with improved effectiveness and specificity is urgently needed for HCC diagnosis, especially for patients after first line therapy. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a small sub-population of tumor cells in human peripheral blood, they release from the primary tumor and invade into the blood circulatory system, thereby residing into the distal tissues and survive. As CTCs have specific and aggressive properties, they can evade from immune defenses, induce gene alterations, and modulate signal transductions. Ultimately, CTCs can manipulate tumor behaviors and patient reactions to anti-tumor treatment. Given the fact that in HCC blood is present around the immediate vicinity of the tumor, which allows thousands of CTCs to release into the blood circulation daily, so CTCs are considered to be the main cause for HCC occurrence, and are also a pivotal factor for HCC prognosis. In this review, we highlight the characteristics and enrichment strategies of CTCs, and focus on the use of CTCs for tumor evaluation and management in patients with HCC.
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35
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Ma Y, Cui D, Zhang Y, Han CC, Wei W. Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-2 Promotes Proliferation and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:5083-5092. [PMID: 32606730 PMCID: PMC7292487 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s249527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP2) levels are significantly increased in the plasma of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, the correlation between IGFBP2 levels and clinical parameters and the exact role of IGFBP2 in HCC are unclear. In this study, we identified the role and potential molecular mechanisms of IGFBP2 in HCC. Materials and Methods ELISA assays were used to detect plasma IGFBP2 levels in HCC patients and healthy controls, and the correlations with patients’ clinicopathological data were analyzed. The CCK8 assay was used to explore cell proliferation. Luciferase reporter, co-immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence assays were used to demonstrate the molecular mechanism of IGFBP2 in HCC. Results Plasma IGFBP2 levels were determined blindly in 37 HCC patients and 37 matched healthy controls. The mean plasma IGFBP2 concentrations in HCC patients were higher than in healthy controls, and IGFBP2 levels in HCC were positively correlated with the degree of differentiation, tumor size, metastasis, and portal venous invasion. Exogenous IGFBP2 activated integrin β1 and thus induced the combination and colocalization of activated integrin β1 and p-FAK, which promoted the phosphorylation of FAK, Erk, and Elk1, eventually inducing EGR1-mediated proliferation of the HCC cell lines HepG2 and HCCLM3. Meanwhile, neutralization of integrin β1 inhibited IGFBP2-induced FAK, Erk, Elk1, and EGR1 activation. Conclusion Taken together, these results indicated that exogenous IGFBP2 promoted the integrin β1/FAK/Erk/Elk1/EGR1 pathway, which stimulated the proliferation of HCC cells. Plasma IGFBP2 could be a novel prognostic biomarker for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongqian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Chen Han
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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36
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Tao K, Bian Z, Zhang Q, Guo X, Yin C, Wang Y, Zhou K, Wan S, Shi M, Bao D, Yang C, Xing J. Machine learning-based genome-wide interrogation of somatic copy number aberrations in circulating tumor DNA for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. EBioMedicine 2020; 56:102811. [PMID: 32512514 PMCID: PMC7276513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNAs released from tumor cells into blood (circulating tumor DNAs, ctDNAs) carry tumor-specific genomic aberrations, providing a non-invasive means for cancer detection. In this study, we aimed to leverage somatic copy number aberration (SCNA) in ctDNA to develop assays to detect early-stage HCCs. Methods We conducted low-depth whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to profile SCNAs in 384 plasma samples of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC and cancer-free HBV patients, using one discovery and two validation cohorts. To fully capture the robust signals of WGS data from the complete genome, we developed a machine learning-based statistical model that is focused on detection accuracy in early-stage HCC. Findings We built the model using a discovery cohort of 209 patients, achieving an overall area under curve (AUC) of 0.893, with 0.874 for early-stage (Barcelona clinical liver cancer [BCLC] stage 0-A) and 0.933 for advanced-stage (BCLC stage B-D). The performance of the model was then assessed in two validation cohorts (76 and 99 patients) that only consisted of patients with stage 0-A HCC. Our model exhibited a robust predictive performance, with an AUC of 0.920 and 0.812 for the two validation cohorts. Further analyses showed the impact of tumor sample heterogeneity in model training on detecting early-stage tumors, and a refined model addressing the heterogeneity in the discovery cohort significantly increased model performance in validation. Interpretation We developed an SCNA-based, machine learning-driven model in the non-invasive detection of early-stage HCC in HBV patients and demonstrated its performance through strict independent validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaishan Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhenyuan Bian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Research and Development Division, Oriomics Biotech, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Xu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Chun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Shaogui Wan
- Center for Molecular Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Meifang Shi
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dengke Bao
- Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers and Liquid Biopsy, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Chuhu Yang
- Research and Development Division, Oriomics Biotech, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
| | - Jinliang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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Liu HH, Fang Y, Wang JW, Yuan XD, Fan YC, Gao S, Han LY, Wang K. Hypomethylation of the cyclin D1 promoter in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20326. [PMID: 32443384 PMCID: PMC7253776 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypomethylation of the Cyclin D1 (CCND1) promoter induced by excess oxidative stress likely promotes the development of hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC). We aimed to evaluate methylation status of the CCND1 promoter as a new plasma marker for the detection of HBV-HCC.We consecutively recruited 191 participants, including 105 patients with HBV-HCC, 54 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and 32 healthy controls (HCs). Using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, we identified the methylation status of the CCND1 promoter in plasma samples. We analyzed the expression levels of the CCND1 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by using quantitative real-time PCR. We assessed the plasma levels of superoxide dismutase, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Patients with HBV-HCC (23.81%) presented a reduced methylation frequency compared with patients with CHB (64.81%) or HCs (78.13%) (P < .001). When receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted for patients with HBV-HCC versus CHB, the methylation status of the CCND1 promoter yielded diagnostic parameter values for the area under the curve of 0.705, sensitivity of 76.19%, and specificity of 64.81%, thus outperforming serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which had an area under the curve of 0.531, sensitivity of 36.19%, and specificity of 90.74%. Methylation of the CCND1 promoter represents a prospective diagnostic marker for patients with AFP-negative HBV-HCC and AFP-positive CHB. The expression levels of CCND1 mRNA was increased in patients with HBV-HCC compared with patients with CHB (Z = -4.946, P < .001) and HCs (Z = -6.819, P < .001). Both the extent of oxidative injury and antioxidant capacity indicated by the superoxide dismutase, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde levels were increased in patients with HBV-HCC. Clinical follow up of patients with HBV-HCC revealed a worse overall survival (P = .012, log-rank test) and a decreased progression-free survival (HR = 0.109, 95%CI: 0.031-0.384) for the unmethylated CCND1 group than methylated CCND1 group.Our study confirms that oxidative stress appears to correlate with plasma levels of CCND1 promoter methylation, and the methylation status of the CCND1 promoter represents a prospective biomarker with better diagnostic performance than serum AFP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Liu
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Jing-Wen Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Xiao-Dong Yuan
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Yu-Chen Fan
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen
- Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
- Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li-Yan Han
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
- Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen
- Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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EMS-effect of Exercises with Music on Fatness and Biomarkers of Obese Elderly Women. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2020; 56:medicina56040158. [PMID: 32244777 PMCID: PMC7231244 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Electromyostimulation (EMS) has been shown to improve body composition, but what biomarkers it affects has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to compare the EMS-effect of exercises with music on fatness and biomarker levels in obese elderly. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five women were randomly classified into a control group (CON) and EMS group (EMSG). EMS suits used in this study enabled the simultaneous activation of eight pairs with selectable intensities. Program sessions of EMS were combined with exercises of listening to music three times a week for eight weeks. Although both groups received the same program, CON did not receive electrical stimuli. Results: Compared with CON, a significant effect of the EMS intervention concerning decreased fatness, as well as an increased skeletal muscle mass and basal metabolic rate, were evident. Tumor necrosis factor-a, C-reactive protein, resistin, and carcinoembryonic antigen of biomarkers were significantly different in the groups by time interaction. Similarly, the positive changes caused by EMS were represented in lipoprotein-cholesterols. Conclusions: The results indicate that a significant effect due to the EMS intervention was found concerning body composition and biomarkers in obese elderly women.
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Badawi R, Alboraie M, Abd-Elsalam S, Abourahma MZ, Ramadan HK, Ahmed OA, Fouad MHA, Soliman S, Mohareb DA, Haydara T, Alnabawy SM, El Kassas M. Serum Alpha-fetoprotein Levels and Response to Direct Antiviral Therapy in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C: Real-world Results from 1716 Patients in Egypt. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:1005-1011. [PMID: 30727931 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190204154830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Direct Antiretroviral Agents (DAAs), sofosbuvir-based therapies, have opened a new era in the treatment of chronic HCV infection. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential use of baseline and in serial serum, AFP levels as a predictor for response to DAAs in patients with Chronic Hepatitis C. METHODS This multicenter observational study was carried out on 1716 chronic hepatitis C virusinfected patients who received direct anti-viral drugs for 12 weeks. The primary end point was sustained virological response at 12 weeks after the end of treatment determined by quantitative PCR for HCV RNA. Serum AFP was quantitatively assessed at baseline then after 12week after stoppage of treatment (SVR12). RESULTS SVR12 rate was 97.8%. Elevated serum AFP was significantly higher in non -SVR group p value (<0.001). There was a significantly marked decrease in AFP after treatment in comparison to pretreatment values. The multivariate logistic regression analysis on the resulting significant variable from the univariate analysis revealed that only AFP was significantly related to the response to direct antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C with p <0.001, OR 1.10 (95% CI 1.07:1.12). Other sociodemographic (e.g. Age, gender, BMI, ..) or laboratory factors (Hb, ANC, WBCs, …) did not show any significant association with the patients' response to treatment. CONCLUSIONS Serum AFP levels were a predictor for response in patients with chronic HCV with the administration of direct antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Badawi
- Tropical Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Alboraie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherief Abd-Elsalam
- Tropical Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z Abourahma
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Haidi K Ramadan
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ossama A Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H A Fouad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Soliman
- Department of Public health and Community medicine, Menofia University, Menofia, Egypt
| | - Dina A Mohareb
- Department of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Tamer Haydara
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Sherein M Alnabawy
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El Kassas
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Cheng K, Shi J, Liu Z, Jia Y, Qin Q, Zhang H, Wan S, Niu Z, Lu L, Sun J, Xue J, Lu C, Wei X, Guo L, Zhang F, Zhou D, Tang Y, Hu Y, Huang Y, Chen Y, Lau WY, Cheng S, Liu S. A panel of five plasma proteins for the early diagnosis of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma in individuals at risk. EBioMedicine 2020; 52:102638. [PMID: 32014820 PMCID: PMC6997493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), more effective diagnostic biomarkers are needed. A combination of biomarkers is reported to distinguish individuals with early-stage HCC from at-risk individuals. METHODS Participants in this study were recruited from six hospitals in China. Literature review was used to choose 19 candidate proteins, a case-control study in the discovery stage was used to identify five proteins (P5) that constituted a diagnostic model. In the training and validation stages, the effectiveness of P5 for detecting early-stage HCC was tested (cross-sectional study). Finally, a nested case-control study independent of the other stages was set up to evaluate the P5 in the preclinical diagnosis of HCC. FINDINGS Between February 2013 and June 2017, a total of 1396 participants were recruited. A panel of 5 proteins (P5: OPN, GDF15, NSE, TRAP5 and OPG) showed high diagnostic accuracy when differentiating the early-stage HCC from the at-risk group, with AUCs of 0·892, 0·907 and 0·852 for the training stage, validation cohort 1 and cohort 2 data sets, respectively. In the prediction set, the sensitivity of P5 for diagnosing preclinical HCC increased with time, starting from 12 months before to the time of definitive clinical diagnosis (range, 46·15% to 86·67%). INTERPRETATION The P5 panel has the potential to screen populations at high risk of developing HCC and can enable the early diagnosis of HCC. FUNDING Research supported by grants from eight funds. All sources of funding were declared at the end of the text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cheng
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixin Liu
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Jia
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqin Wan
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziguang Niu
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Lu
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juxian Sun
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xue
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongde Lu
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xubiao Wei
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian, China
| | - Yufu Tang
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Liaoning, China
| | - Yiren Hu
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Yang Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan Yee Lau
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shanrong Liu
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Heinrich S, Sprinzl M, Schmidtmann I, Heil E, Koch S, Czauderna C, Heinrich B, Philippe P Diggs L, Wörns MA, Kloeckner R, Galle PR, Marquardt JU, Weinmann A. Validation of prognostic accuracy of MESH, HKLC, and BCLC classifications in a large German cohort of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. United European Gastroenterol J 2020; 8:444-452. [PMID: 32213028 DOI: 10.1177/2050640620904524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system is commonly used to classify hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, other staging classification schemes have been proposed. We aimed to compare the prognostic accuracy of the Hong Kong Liver Cancer Staging (HKLC), the Model to Estimate Survival for HCC (MESH), and the BCLC staging systems using a Western cohort of HCC patients. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 918 patients diagnosed with HCC treated at the University Medical Center of Mainz between 2005 and 2014. We compared the predictive power of survival time of the BCLC, HKLC, and MESH. Predictive ability was tested using the integrated Brier score (IBS) and Harrell's C index. RESULTS Kaplan-Meier analyses showed significant differences in survival between stages defined by the BCLC, HKLC, and MESH. The HKLC classification demonstrated a more robust classification concordance and lower prediction error compared to the BCLC and MESH. In addition, we found that the BCLC offers superior predictive ability to the MESH in the first four years, whereas the MESH is superior for long-term predictions. CONCLUSION Our analyses confirm the prognostic value of three different HCC scoring systems. When compared, the HKLC provides superior prognostication ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Heinrich
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Sprinzl
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Elena Heil
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sandra Koch
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Heinrich
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Laurence Philippe P Diggs
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | | | - Roman Kloeckner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter R Galle
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens U Marquardt
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Arndt Weinmann
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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Negahdary M. Aptamers in nanostructure-based electrochemical biosensors for cardiac biomarkers and cancer biomarkers: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 152:112018. [PMID: 32056737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease (especially myocardial infarction (MI)) and cancer are major causes of death. Recently, aptasensors with the applying of different nanostructures have been able to provide new windows for the early and inexpensive detection of these deadly diseases. Early, inexpensive, and accurate diagnosis by portable devices, especially aptasensors can increase the likelihood of survival as well as significantly reduce the cost of treatment. In this review, recent studies based on the designed aptasensors for the diagnosis of these diseases were collected, ordered, and reviewed. The biomarkers for the diagnosis of each disease were discussed separately. The primary constituent elements of these aptasensors including, analyte, aptamer sequence, type of nanostructure, diagnostic technique, analyte detection range, and limit of detection (LOD), were evaluated and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Negahdary
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Luo L, Chen L, Ke K, Zhao B, Wang L, Zhang C, Wang F, Liao N, Zheng X, Liu X, Wang Y, Liu J. High expression levels of CLEC4M indicate poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:1711-1720. [PMID: 32194663 PMCID: PMC7038977 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of novel and accurate biomarkers is important to improve the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). C-Type lectin domain family 4 member M (CLEC4M) is involved in the progression of numerous cancer types. However, the clinical significance of CLEC4M in HCC is yet to be elucidated. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the involvement of CLEC4M in HCC progression. The expression level of CLEC4M was determined in tumor, and their corresponding adjacent non-tumor tissues derived from 88 patients with HCC, using immunohistochemistry, western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The correlation between CLEC4M expression and certain clinicopathological characteristics was retrospectively analyzed. The results suggested that CLEC4M was specifically labeled in sinusoidal endothelial cells, in both HCC and non-tumor tissues. Moreover, the expression of CLEC4M in tumor tissues was significantly lower than that in non-tumor tissues (P<0.0001), which indicated its potential as a biomarker of the development of HCC. Subsequently, correlation analysis suggested that the relatively higher CLEC4M expression in HCC tissues was significantly associated with increased microvascular invasion (P=0.008), larger tumor size (P=0.018), absence of tumor encapsulation (P<0.0001) and lower tumor differentiation (P=0.019). Notably, patients with high CLEC4M expression levels in their tumor tissues experienced more frequent recurrence and shorter overall survival (OS) times compared with the low-expression group. Furthermore, CLEC4M expression in tumor tissues was identified as an independent and significant risk factor for recurrence-free survival and OS. The results of the present study suggest that CLEC4M may be a valuable biomarker for the prognosis of the patients with HCC, postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuping Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Chen
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Kun Ke
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Bixing Zhao
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Naishun Liao
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zheng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
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Kumar A, Acharya SK, Singh SP, Arora A, Dhiman RK, Aggarwal R, Anand AC, Bhangui P, Chawla YK, Datta Gupta S, Dixit VK, Duseja A, Kalra N, Kar P, Kulkarni SS, Kumar R, Kumar M, Madhavan R, Mohan Prasad V, Mukund A, Nagral A, Panda D, Paul SB, Rao PN, Rela M, Sahu MK, Saraswat VA, Shah SR, Shalimar, Sharma P, Taneja S, Wadhawan M. 2019 Update of Indian National Association for Study of the Liver Consensus on Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India: The Puri II Recommendations. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2020; 10:43-80. [PMID: 32025166 PMCID: PMC6995891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major causes of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure in patients with chronic liver disease in India. The Indian National Association for Study of the Liver (INASL) had published its first guidelines on diagnosis and management of HCC (The Puri Recommendations) in 2014, and these guidelines were very well received by the healthcare community involved in diagnosis and management of HCC in India and neighboring countries. However, since 2014, many new developments have taken place in the field of HCC diagnosis and management, hence INASL endeavored to update its 2014 consensus guidelines. A new Task Force on HCC was constituted that reviewed the previous guidelines as well as the recent developments in various aspects of HCC that needed to be incorporated in the new guidelines. A 2-day round table discussion was held on 5th and 6th May 2018 at Puri, Odisha, to discuss, debate, and finalize the revised consensus statements. Each statement of the guideline was graded according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation system with minor modifications. We present here the 2019 Update of INASL Consensus on Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India: The Puri-2 Recommendations.
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Key Words
- AFP, alpha-fetoprotein
- AIH, autoimmune hepatitis
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- DAA, direct-acting antiviral
- DALY, disability-adjusted life-year
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- GRADE, Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation
- Gd-BOPTA, gadolinium benzyloxypropionictetraacetate
- Gd-EOB-DTPA, gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HBeAg, hepatitis B envelope antigen
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer
- IFN, interferon
- INASL, Indian National Association for Study of the Liver
- MiRNA, micro-RNA
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- PIVKA, protein induced by vitamin K absence
- RFA
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- SVR, sustained virological response
- TACE
- TACE, trans-arterial chemoembolization
- TARE, transarterial radioembolization
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- WHO, World Health Organization
- liver cancer
- targeted therapy
- transplant
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Institute of Liver Gastroenterology & Pancreatico Biliary Sciences, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, 110 060, India
| | - Subrat K. Acharya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, KIIT University, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751 024, India
| | - Shivaram P. Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Dock Road, Manglabag, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 007, India
| | - Anil Arora
- Institute of Liver Gastroenterology & Pancreatico Biliary Sciences, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, 110 060, India
| | - Radha K. Dhiman
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Rakesh Aggarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 014, India
| | - Anil C. Anand
- Department of Gastroenterology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, 110 076, India
| | - Prashant Bhangui
- Medanta Institute of Liver Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Medanta the Medicity, CH Baktawar Singh Road, Sector 38, Gurugram, Haryana, 122 001, India
| | - Yogesh K. Chawla
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Kushabhadra Campus (KIIT Campus-5), Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751 024, India
| | - Siddhartha Datta Gupta
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Vinod K. Dixit
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221 005, India
| | - Ajay Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Naveen Kalra
- Department of Radio Diagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Premashish Kar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Vaishali, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 012, India
| | - Suyash S. Kulkarni
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Dr. E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400 012, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, Sector D-1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110 070, India
| | - Ram Madhavan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita University, Peeliyadu Road, Ponekkara, Edappally, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - V.G. Mohan Prasad
- Department of Gastroenterology, VGM Gastro Centre, 2100, Trichy Road, Rajalakshmi Mills Stop, Singanallur, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 005, India
| | - Amar Mukund
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, Sector D-1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110 070, India
| | - Aabha Nagral
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jaslok Hospital & Research Centre, 15, Dr Deshmukh Marg, Pedder Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400 026, India
| | - Dipanjan Panda
- Department of Oncology, Institutes of Cancer, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, 110 076, India
| | - Shashi B. Paul
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Padaki N. Rao
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, No. 6-3-661, Punjagutta Road, Somajiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 082, India
| | - Mohamed Rela
- The Institute of Liver Disease & Transplantation, Gleneagles Global Health City, 439, Cheran Nagar, Perumbakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 100, India
| | - Manoj K. Sahu
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, IMS & SUM Hospital, K8 Kalinga Nagar, Shampur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751 003, India
| | - Vivek A. Saraswat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 014, India
| | - Samir R. Shah
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jaslok Hospital & Research Centre, 15, Dr Deshmukh Marg, Pedder Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400 026, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Institute of Liver Gastroenterology & Pancreatico Biliary Sciences, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, 110 060, India
| | - Sunil Taneja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Manav Wadhawan
- Liver & Digestive Diseases Institute, Institute of Liver & Digestive Diseases, BLK Super Specialty Hospital, Delhi, 110 005, India
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Mohamed BF, Serag WM, Abdelal RM, Elsergany HF. S100A14 protein as diagnostic and prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-019-0015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Protein S100A14 has recently been implicated in the progress of several types of cancers. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of S100A14 in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Results
S100A14 was significantly elevated in the HCC group. A cut-off value for serum S100A14 between the HCC group and cirrhosis group is > 0.47 with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 88.57%. S100A14 level was a significant diagnostic factor for HCC and a good reference for HCC progression.
Conclusion
These results suggest that S100A14 is a good diagnostic marker for HCC.
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Liu Z, Chen M, Xie LK, Liu T, Zou ZW, Li Y, Chen P, Peng X, Ma C, Zhang WJ, Li PD. CLCA4 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition via PI3K/AKT signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:2570-2584. [PMID: 30312171 PMCID: PMC6224236 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Calcium activated Chloride Channel A4 (CLCA4), as a tumor suppressor, was reported to contribute to the progression of several malignant tumors, yet little is known about the significance of CLCA4 in invasion and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CLCA4 expression was negatively correlated with tumor size, vascular invasion and TNM stage. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that CLCA4 was an independent predictor for overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR). In addition, CLCA4 status could act as prognostic predictor in different risk of subgroups. Moreover, combination of CLCA4 and serum AFP could be a potential predictor for survival in HCC patients. Furthermore, CLCA4 may inhibit cell migration and invasion by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via PI3K/ATK signaling. Knockdown of CLCA4 significantly increased the migration and invasion of HCC cells and changed the expression pattern of EMT markers and PI3K/AKT phosphorylation. An opposite expression pattern of EMT markers and PI3K/AKT phosphorylation was observed in CLCA4-transfected cells. Additionally, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR results further confirmed this correlation. Taken together, CLCA4 contributes to migration and invasion by suppressing EMT via PI3K/ATK signaling and predicts favourable prognosis of HCC. CLCA4/AFP expression may help to distinguish different risks of HCC patients after hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mi Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lin-Ka Xie
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Institute of Infection and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhen-Wei Zou
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Charlie Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Wen-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Pin-Dong Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Pennisi G, Celsa C, Giammanco A, Spatola F, Petta S. The Burden of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Screening Issue and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225613. [PMID: 31717576 PMCID: PMC6887792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease in the Western world, and the occurrence of its complications, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has rapidly increased. Obesity and diabetes are considered not only the main triggers for the development of the disease, but also two independent risk factors for HCC. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (such as PNPLA3, TM6SF2 and MBOAT7) are related to the susceptibility to the development of HCC and its progression. Therefore, an appropriate follow-up of these patients is needed for the early diagnosis and treatment of HCC. To date, international guidelines recommend the use of ultrasonography with or without alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in patients with advanced fibrosis. Furthermore, the use of non-invasive tools could represent a strategy to implement surveillance performance. In this review, we analyzed the main risk factors of NAFLD-related HCC, the validated screening methods and the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Pennisi
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia e Epatologia, PROMISE, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.C.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (S.P.); Tel.: +39-0916552170 (G.P.); +39-0916552170 (S.P.)
| | - Ciro Celsa
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia e Epatologia, PROMISE, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Antonina Giammanco
- Sezione di Astanteria e MCAU, PROMISE, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Federica Spatola
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia e Epatologia, PROMISE, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia e Epatologia, PROMISE, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.C.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (S.P.); Tel.: +39-0916552170 (G.P.); +39-0916552170 (S.P.)
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Hegazy RR, Mansour DF, Salama AA, Abdel-Rahman RF, Hassan AM. Regulation of PKB/Akt-pathway in the chemopreventive effect of lactoferrin against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:879-891. [PMID: 31442665 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal activation of protein kinase B (PKB) is associated with many cancers. This makes inhibition of PKB signaling pathway a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Lactoferrin (Lf) has been reported for its inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis, however, the mechanism is not completely understood. Its anti-hepatocarcinogenic activity has not taken the deserved recognition despite the additional advantages of Lf as an antiviral against hepatitis C virus, the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and as a targeting ligand for delivering chemotherapeutics to hepatoma cells. METHODS This study evaluated the anti-hepatocarcinogenic effect of Lf, and the role of PKB in this effect using diethylnitrosamine (DENA)-induced HCC rat model, and a primary cell culture prepared from the induced hepatic lesions (DENA-HCC cell culture). RESULTS Up-regulation of activated PKB in the hepatocytes of rats with DENA-induced HCC was observed, as measured biochemically in the liver homogenate, and localized immunohistochemically. This was accompanied by increment of hepatocytes proliferation, and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Involvement of PKB in DENA-induced HCC was confirmed by the observed decrease in cell proliferation in DENA-HCC cell culture that was treated with PKB inhibitor. In Lf-treated rats, a dose-dependent chemopreventive effect was observed, with decreased expression and activation of PKB, amelioration of the other DENA-induced alterations, and stimulation of apoptosis. In vitro, Lf blocked PKB activator-induced cell proliferation. CONCLUSION These findings support the chemopreventive activity of Lf against HCC, and suggest regulation of PKB-pathway as a potential mechanism underlying this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab R Hegazy
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Dina F Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Salama
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab F Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza M Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Li PD, Chen P, Peng X, Ma C, Zhang WJ, Dai XF. HOXC6 predicts invasion and poor survival in hepatocellular carcinoma by driving epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:115-130. [PMID: 29348394 PMCID: PMC5811246 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of HOXC6 has been reported in several malignant tumors, yet little is known about the value of HOXC6 in invasion and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HOXC6 expression was positively correlated with high AFP level, liver cirrhosis, larger tumor, vascular invasion and BCLC stage. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that HOXC6 was an independent predictor for overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR). In addition, HOXC6 status could act as prognostic predictor in different risk subgroups. Moreover, HOXC6 maintained its prognostic value in different ability of invasiveness. Furthermore, combination of HOXC6 and serum AFP could be a potential predictor for survival in HCC patients. Additionally, further study showed that HOXC6 may promote invasion of HCC by driving epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Knockdown of HOXC6 significantly decreased the migration and invasion of HCC cells and changed the expression pattern of EMT markers. An opposite expression pattern of EMT markers was observed in HOXC6-transfected cells. In addition, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR results further confirmed this correlation. In conclusion, HOXC6 contributes to invasion by inducing EMT pathway and predicts poor prognosis of HCC. HOXC6/AFP expression may help to distinguish the different risks of HCC patients after hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Dong Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Charlie Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Wen-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Dai
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Reghupaty SC, Sarkar D. Current Status of Gene Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091265. [PMID: 31466358 PMCID: PMC6770843 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer related deaths world-wide. Liver transplantation, surgical resection, trans-arterial chemoembolization, and radio frequency ablation are effective strategies to treat early stage HCC. Unfortunately, HCC is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and there are not many treatment options for late stage HCC. First-line therapy for late stage HCC includes sorafenib and lenvatinib. However, these treatments provide only an approximate three month increase in survival. Besides, they cannot specifically target cancer cells that lead to a wide array of side effects. Patients on these drugs develop resistance within a few months and have to rely on second-line therapy that includes regorafenib, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and cabometyx. These disadvantages make gene therapy approach to treat HCC an attractive option. The two important questions that researchers have been trying to answer in the last 2-3 decades are what genes should be targeted and what delivery systems should be used. The objective of this review is to analyze the changing landscape of HCC gene therapy, with a focus on these two questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Chidambaranathan Reghupaty
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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