1
|
Fei K, Luo Z, Chen Y, Huang Y, Li S, Mazlin V, Boccara AC, Yuan J, Xiao P. Cellular structural and functional imaging of donor and pathological corneas with label-free dual-mode full-field optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3869-3888. [PMID: 38867788 PMCID: PMC11166435 DOI: 10.1364/boe.525116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a dual-mode full-field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT) was customized for label-free static and dynamic imaging of corneal tissues, including donor grafts and pathological specimens. Static images effectively depict relatively stable structures such as stroma, scar, and nerve fibers, while dynamic images highlight cells with active intracellular metabolism, specifically for corneal epithelial cells. The dual-mode images complementarily demonstrate the 3D microstructural features of the cornea and limbus. Dual-modal imaging reveals morphological and functional changes in corneal epithelial cells without labeling, indicating cellular apoptosis, swelling, deformation, dynamic signal alterations, and distinctive features of inflammatory cells in keratoconus and corneal leukoplakia. These findings propose dual-mode FFOCT as a promising technique for cellular-level cornea and limbus imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhongzhou Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yupei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yuancong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Saiqun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Viacheslav Mazlin
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, 1 rue Jussieu, Paris 75005, France
| | - Albert Claude Boccara
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, 1 rue Jussieu, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wolosin JM. A Keratin 12 Expression-Based Analysis of Stem-Precursor Cells and Differentiation in the Limbal-Corneal Epithelium Using Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:145. [PMID: 38534415 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The corneal epithelium (CE) is spread between two domains, the outer vascularized limbus and the avascular cornea proper. Epithelial cells undergo constant migration from the limbus to the vision-critical central cornea. Coordinated with this migration, the cells undergo differentiation changes where a pool of unique stem/precursor cells at the limbus yields the mature cells that reach the corneal center. Differentiation is heralded by the expression of the corneal-specific Krt12. Processing data acquired by scRNA-Seq showed that the increase in Krt12 expression occurs in four distinct steps within the limbus, plus a single continuous increase in the cornea. Differential gene analysis demonstrated that these domains reflect discreet stages of CE differentiation and yielded extensive information of the genes undergoing down- or upregulation in the sequential transition from less to more differentiate conditions. The approach allowed the identification of multiple gene cohorts, including (a) the genes which have maximal expression in the most primitive, Krt12-negative cell cohort, which is likely to include the stem/precursor cells; (b) the sets of genes that undergo continuous increase or decrease along the whole differentiation path; and (c) the genes showing maximal positive or negative correlation with the changes in Krt12.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Mario Wolosin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute and Vision Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thia ZZ, Ho YT, Shih KC, Tong L. New developments in the management of persistent corneal epithelial defects. Surv Ophthalmol 2023; 68:1093-1114. [PMID: 37301520 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A persistent epithelial defect (PED) is a corneal epithelial defect that failed to heal after 2weeks. It is a condition that carries much morbidity, and our understanding of PED remains poor, with current treatment methods often having unsatisfactory outcomes. With PEDs becoming more prevalent, more efforts are required to establish reliable treatment modalities. Our reviews describe the causes of PEDs and the different approaches developed to manage them, as well as their associated limitations. Emphasis is placed on understanding various advances in the development of new treatment modalities. We have also described a case of a woman with a background of graft-versus-host disease on long-term topical corticosteroids who developed complicated PED involving both eyes. The current approach to managing PEDs generally involves exclusion of an active infection, followed by treatment modalities that aim to encourage corneal epithelial healing. Success rates, however, remain far from desirable, as treatment remains challenging due to multiple underlying etiologies. In summary, advances in the development of new therapies may be able to facilitate progress in the understanding and treatment of PED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zhe Thia
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yik To Ho
- Hong Kong University, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Louis Tong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu M, Wen H, Lin L, Ge C, Guo L, Chodosh J, Zheng Q, Chen W. Short-Term Outcomes of Modified Boston Type-II Keratoprosthesis Implantation With Autologous Auricular Cartilage Reinforcement. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 252:205-212. [PMID: 36934958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the short-term visual outcomes and complications of a modified Boston Type-II keratoprosthesis (Kpro) procedure. DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS Thirty-seven eyes of 37 patients who had an implantation of autologous auricular cartilage-reinforced (AACR) Boston Type-II Kpro (BK2) were included in the current study. Preoperative and postoperative data were recorded and analyzed for each eye. Main outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity, symptoms as assessed by questionnaires, complications associated with implantation, and retention of the implanted BK2 device. RESULTS A total of 37 eyes, consisting of 19 with severe autoimmune dry eye (ADE) and 18 with burn injury, completed ≥12 months of follow-up. The median (interquartile range) best-corrected visual acuity at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years of follow-up was hand motion (HM) 20/60 (20/100-20/40), 20/60 (20/200-20/40), 20/60 (20/200-20/40), 20/100 (20/200-20/40), and 20/100 (20/400-20/40), respectively. All eyes retained the initial device (37/37, 100%). Common postoperative complications included retroprosthetic membrane (n = 21), de novo glaucoma (n = 7), endophthalmitis (n = 1), and conjunctival erosion (n = 4). No ear complications were discovered during follow-up assessments. The ocular surface disease index score improved from baseline to a 2-year follow-up (median 57.5 vs 21.43). CONCLUSION The modified AACR-BK2 procedure could be considered to restore vision in patients with end-stage corneal blindness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Liu
- From the National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases (M.L., H.W., L.L., C.G., L.G., Q.Z., W.C.), Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology (M.L., L.G., W.C.), Boao Super Hospital, Hainan, China
| | - Han Wen
- From the National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases (M.L., H.W., L.L., C.G., L.G., Q.Z., W.C.), Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Lin
- From the National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases (M.L., H.W., L.L., C.G., L.G., Q.Z., W.C.), Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chaoxiang Ge
- From the National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases (M.L., H.W., L.L., C.G., L.G., Q.Z., W.C.), Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lili Guo
- From the National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases (M.L., H.W., L.L., C.G., L.G., Q.Z., W.C.), Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology (M.L., L.G., W.C.), Boao Super Hospital, Hainan, China
| | - James Chodosh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (J.C.), School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Qinxiang Zheng
- From the National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases (M.L., H.W., L.L., C.G., L.G., Q.Z., W.C.), Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- From the National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases (M.L., H.W., L.L., C.G., L.G., Q.Z., W.C.), Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology (M.L., L.G., W.C.), Boao Super Hospital, Hainan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Swamynathan SK, Swamynathan S. Corneal epithelial development and homeostasis. Differentiation 2023; 132:4-14. [PMID: 36870804 PMCID: PMC10363238 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The corneal epithelium (CE), the most anterior cellular structure of the eye, is a self-renewing stratified squamous tissue that protects the rest of the eye from external elements. Each cell in this exquisite three-dimensional structure needs to have proper polarity and positional awareness for the CE to serve as a transparent, refractive, and protective tissue. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the molecular and cellular events involved in the embryonic development, post-natal maturation, and homeostasis of the CE, and how they are regulated by a well-coordinated network of transcription factors. This review summarizes the status of related knowledge and aims to provide insight into the pathophysiology of disorders caused by disruption of CE development, and/or homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudha Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Amorim M, Martins B, Fernandes R. Immune Fingerprint in Diabetes: Ocular Surface and Retinal Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9821. [PMID: 37372968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a prevalent global health issue associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a well-known inflammatory, neurovascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of preventable blindness in developed countries among working-age adults. However, the ocular surface components of diabetic eyes are also at risk of damage due to uncontrolled diabetes, which is often overlooked. Inflammatory changes in the corneas of diabetic patients indicate that inflammation plays a significant role in diabetic complications, much like in DR. The eye's immune privilege restricts immune and inflammatory responses, and the cornea and retina have a complex network of innate immune cells that maintain immune homeostasis. Nevertheless, low-grade inflammation in diabetes contributes to immune dysregulation. This article aims to provide an overview and discussion of how diabetes affects the ocular immune system's main components, immune-competent cells, and inflammatory mediators. By understanding these effects, potential interventions and treatments may be developed to improve the ocular health of diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madania Amorim
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Martins
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Q, Wong HL, Ip YL, Chu WY, Li MS, Saha C, Shih KC, Chan YK. Current microfluidic platforms for reverse engineering of cornea. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100634. [PMID: 37139464 PMCID: PMC10149412 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, corneal blindness constitutes 5.1% of global blindness population. Surgical outcomes have been improved significantly in the treatment of corneal blindness. However, corneal transplantation is limited by global shortage of donor tissue, prompting researchers to explore alternative therapies such as novel ocular pharmaceutics to delay corneal disease progression. Animal models are commonly adopted for investigating pharmacokinetics of ocular drugs. However, this approach is limited by physiological differences in the eye between animals and human, ethical issues and poor bench-to-bedside translatability. Cornea-on-a-chip (CoC) microfluidic platforms have gained great attention as one of the advanced in vitro strategies for constructing physiologically representative corneal models. With significant improvements in tissue engineering technology, CoC integrates corneal cells with microfluidics to recapitulate human corneal microenvironment for the study of corneal pathophysiological changes and evaluation of ocular drugs. Such model, in complement to animal studies, can potentially accelerate translational research, in particular the pre-clinical screening of ophthalmic medication, driving clinical treatment advancement for corneal diseases. This review provides an overview of engineered CoC platforms with respect to their merits, applications, and technical challenges. Emerging directions in CoC technology are also proposed for further investigations, to accentuate preclinical obstacles in corneal research.
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang SC, Huang CC, Ko CY, Huang CY, Liu CH, Lee YK, Chen TY, Hsueh CW, Tzou SJ, Tai MH, Hu TH, Tsai MC, Lee WC, Ho YC, Wu CC, Chang YC, Chang JJ, Liu KH, Li CC, Wen ZH, Chang CL, Chu TH. Slow skeletal muscle troponin T acts as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gene 2023; 865:147331. [PMID: 36871674 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Slow skeletal muscle troponin T (TNNT1) as a poor prognostic indicator is upregulated in colon and breast cancers. However, the role of TNNT1 in the disease prognosis and biological functions of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), immunoblot, and immunohistochemical analyses were applied to evaluate the TNNT1 expression of human HCC. The impact of TNNT1 levels on disease progression and survival outcome was studied using TCGA analysis. Moreover, the bioinformatics analysis and HCC cell culture were used to investigate the biological functions of TNNT1. Besides, the immunoblot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the extracellular TNNT1 of HCC cells and circulating TNNT1 of HCC patients, respectively. The effect of TNNT1 neutralization on oncogenic behaviors and signaling was further validated in the cultured hepatoma cells. In this study, tumoral and blood TNNT1 was upregulated in HCC patients based on the analyses using bioinformatics, fresh tissues, paraffin sections, and serum. From the multiple bioinformatics tools, the TNNT1 overexpression was associated with advanced stage, high grade, metastasis, vascular invasion, recurrence, and poor survival outcome in HCC patients. By the cell culture and TCGA analyses, TNNT1 expression and release were positively correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes in HCC tissues and cells. Moreover, TNNT1 neutralization suppressed oncogenic behaviors and EMT in hepatoma cells. In conclusion, TNNT1 may serve as a non-invasive biomarker and drug target for HCC management. This research finding may provide a new insight for HCC diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chung Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chou-Yuan Ko
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Huang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Han Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kuo Lee
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wen Hsueh
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Jyu Tzou
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hui Hu
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chao Tsai
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Ho
- School of Medicine, Medical College, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chun Wu
- School of Medicine, Medical College, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chang
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Jui Chang
- Division of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hsi Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Ching Li
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lin Chang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Tian-Huei Chu
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun Y, Xu H, Li J, Peng M, Jia Z, Kong L, Zhang X, Shao S, Zhang W, Wang W. Genome-wide survey identifies TNNI2 as a target of KLF7 that inhibits chicken adipogenesis via downregulating FABP4. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194899. [PMID: 36410687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2022.194899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 7 (KLF7) negatively regulates adipocyte differentiation; however, the mechanism underlying its activity in mammals and birds remains poorly understood. To identify genome-wide KLF7-binding motifs in preadipocytes, we conducted a chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analysis of immortalized chicken preadipocytes (ICP2), which revealed 11,063 specific binding sites. Intergenic binding site analysis showed that KLF7 regulates several novel factors whose functions in chicken and mammal adipogenesis are underexplored. We identified a novel regulator, troponin I2 (TNNI2), which is positively regulated by KLF7. TNNI2 is downregulated during preadipocyte differentiation and acts as an adipogenic repressor at least in part by repressing FABP4 promoter activity. In conclusion, we demonstrated that KLF7 functions through cis-regulation of TNNI2, which inhibits adipogenesis. Our findings not only provide the first genome-wide picture of KLF7 associations in preadipocytes but also identify a novel function of TNNI2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingning Sun
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China.
| | - Hu Xu
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Jinwei Li
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Min Peng
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Ziqiu Jia
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Lingzhe Kong
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Shuli Shao
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Weiyu Wang
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ali M, Shah D, Coursey TG, Lee SM, Balasubramaniam A, Yadavalli T, Edward D, Son KN, Shukla D, Aakalu VK. Modulation of ocular surface desiccation in a murine model by histatin-5 application. Ocul Surf 2023; 27:30-37. [PMID: 36513277 PMCID: PMC10355159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the efficacy of Histatin-5 (Hst5) peptide treatment in ameliorating dry eye disease (DED) phenotype in an in-vivo mouse model of scopolamine and desiccating stress (SDS) dry eye. METHODS SDS was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by subcutaneous injections of scopolamine hydrobromide and exposure to low relative humidity and forced air draft for five days. Mouse eyes were topically treated with synthetic Hst5 peptide or balanced salt solution (BSS) twice a day for four days. Control mice were not exposed to SDS induction and did not receive any treatments. Oregon green dextran (OGD) staining was used to evaluate corneal permeability. Histologically, staining with periodic acid schiff (PAS), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), were used to quantify the number of goblet cells (GC), CD45+ immune cells and apoptotic cells respectively in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) mouse whole eye sections. RESULTS Compared to treatment with BSS, Hst5 treatment significantly lowered corneal epithelial permeability, prevented conjunctival epithelial GC loss, decreased conjunctival CD45+ immune cell infiltration and reduced conjunctival epithelial cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Hst5 peptide topical treatment significantly improves the clinical parameters observed in SDS experimental model of DED. This is the first report of the efficacy of Hst5 treatment of dry eye phenotype, and potential novel treatment for DED in the clinic. Hst5 represents a new class of efficacious therapeutic agents, demonstrating pro-epithelial and anti-inflammatory activities at the ocular surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Dhara Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | | | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Arun Balasubramaniam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Tejabhiram Yadavalli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Deepak Edward
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Kyung-No Son
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Vinay Kumar Aakalu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Development of a novel ex vivo model for chemical ocular toxicity assessment and its applicability for hair straightening products. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 170:113457. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
12
|
Effect of Conditioned Media of Limbal Epithelial Cells and Corneal Stromal Cells on Functional Activity of Limb Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 173:464-467. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
13
|
Feasibility of Silicon Quantum Dots as a Biomarker for the Bioimaging of Tear Film. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12121965. [PMID: 35745304 PMCID: PMC9231315 DOI: 10.3390/nano12121965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the fluorescence and biocompatibility of hydrophilic silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) that are doped with scandium (Sc-SiQDs), copper (Cu-SiQDs), and zinc (Zn-SiQDs), indicating their feasibility for the bioimaging of tear film. SiQDs were investigated for fluorescence emission by the in vitro imaging of artificial tears (TheraTears®), using an optical imaging system. A trypan blue exclusion test and MTT assay were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of SiQDs to cultured human corneal epithelial cells. No difference was observed between the fluorescence emission of Sc-SiQDs and Cu-SiQDs at any concentration. On average, SiQDs showed stable fluorescence, while Sc-SiQDs and Cu-SiQDs showed brighter fluorescence emissions than Zn-SiQDs. Cu-SiQDs and Sc-SiQDs showed a broader safe concentration range than Zn-SiQDs. Cu-SiQDs and Zn-SiQDs tend to aggregate more substantially in TheraTears® than Sc-SiQDs. This study elucidates the feasibility of hydrophilic Sc-SiQDs in studying the tear film's aqueous layer.
Collapse
|
14
|
Park SH, Park SH, Yu HS, Shin J, Kim SJ, Lee JE. Cytotoxicities and wound healing effects of contact lens multipurpose solution on human corneal epithelial cell. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 105:694-701. [PMID: 34751099 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1986353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Contact lens multipurpose solutions (MPSs) contain several components that have the potential to cause corneal epithelial cell toxicity. Evaluating the components and the toxic effect of MPS should be considered for effective eye care. BACKGROUND The cytotoxic and wound healing effects of five commercially available MPSs on human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) are is investigated. METHODS The following commercially available MPSs were used: Queen's PLURISOL®, Frenz®, Boston SIMPLUS®, DL+PLUS EYE® (DL), and NEW YORK DEFINE® (NY). The proliferation of HCECs exposed to each MPS for 1, 6, and 24 h and the cytotoxicity of these solutions were analyzed using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium-based colorimetric and lactate dehydrogenase leakage assays, respectively. The cellular morphology was evaluated by inverted phase-contrast and electron microscopy. A scratch-wound assay was performed to measure wound widths 24 h after confluent HCEC monolayers were scratch-wounded. RESULTS The tested MPS had a time-dependent inhibitory effect on HCEC proliferation and cytotoxicity, significantly at 24 h after exposure (p< 0.05 in all MPSs). HCECs exposed to MPS detached from the bottom of the culture dishes, showed degenerative changes such as loss of microvilli, cytoplasmic vacuole formation and nuclear condensation, and decreased wound healing, compared to the controls (p< 0.001 in Boston, DL and NY). Among the tested MPS, DL and NY were more cytotoxic and showed less wound healing. CONCLUSION MPS has a toxic effect on HCECs, which is dependent on the concentration of the disinfecting component. Since the components that constitute the MPS are absorbed and retained in the lens, cautious scrutiny of the concentration and attention to lens cleaning are warranted to mitigate the related cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Hwan Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Sung Hee Park
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jonghoon Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Oral Mucosal Epithelial Transplantation and Limbal-Rigid Contact Lens: A Therapeutic Modality for the Treatment of Severe Ocular Surface Disorders. Cornea 2021; 39 Suppl 1:S19-S27. [PMID: 33181721 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stevens-Johnson syndrome, ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, and severe thermal or chemical injury are considered severe ocular surface disorders (OSDs) because they affect the entire ocular surface, including corneal and conjunctival epithelial stem cells. In patients with severe OSDs, the long-term prognosis for limbal transplantation is poor, and the related corneal opacity and cicatrization lead to devastating visual impairment. To date, there is no standardized treatment to improve vision in cases with severe OSD. Investigating novel treatment methods for severe OSDs, our group began cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation in 2002 and developed a limbal-supported rigid-type contact lens that can be applied as a nonsurgical treatment. When used in combination, these treatment methods make it possible to successfully restore vision in cases with severe OSDs.
Collapse
|
16
|
Nishida T, Sugioka K, Fukuda K, Murakami J. Pivotal Role of Corneal Fibroblasts in Progression to Corneal Ulcer in Bacterial Keratitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168979. [PMID: 34445684 PMCID: PMC8396668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The shape and transparency of the cornea are essential for clear vision. However, its location at the ocular surface renders the cornea vulnerable to pathogenic microorganisms in the external environment. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are two such microorganisms and are responsible for most cases of bacterial keratitis. The development of antimicrobial agents has allowed the successful treatment of bacterial keratitis if the infection is diagnosed promptly. However, no effective medical treatment is available after progression to corneal ulcer, which is characterized by excessive degradation of collagen in the corneal stroma and can lead to corneal perforation and corneal blindness. This collagen degradation is mediated by both infecting bacteria and corneal fibroblasts themselves, with a urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)-plasmin-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) cascade playing a central role in collagen destruction by the host cells. Bacterial factors stimulate the production by corneal fibroblasts of both uPA and pro-MMPs, released uPA mediates the conversion of plasminogen in the extracellular environment to plasmin, and plasmin mediates the conversion of secreted pro-MMPs to the active form of these enzymes, which then degrade stromal collagen. Bacterial factors also stimulate expression by corneal fibroblasts of the chemokine interleukin-8 and the adhesion molecule ICAM-1, both of which contribute to recruitment and activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and these cells then further stimulate corneal fibroblasts via the secretion of interleukin-1. At this stage of the disease, bacteria are no longer necessary for collagen degradation. In this review, we discuss the pivotal role of corneal fibroblasts in corneal ulcer associated with infection by P. aeruginosa or S. aureus as well as the development of potential new modes of treatment for this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan;
- Division of Cornea and Ocular Surface, Ohshima Eye Hospital, Fukuoka 812-0036, Japan
| | - Koji Sugioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Nara 630-0293, Japan;
| | - Ken Fukuda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Junko Murakami
- Division of Ophthalmology, Sakibana Hospital, Izumi, Osaka 594-1105, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schumann S, Dietrich E, Kruse C, Grisanti S, Ranjbar M. Establishment of a Robust and Simple Corneal Organ Culture Model to Monitor Wound Healing. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163486. [PMID: 34441782 PMCID: PMC8397146 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of in vitro systems to investigate the process of corneal wound healing offers the opportunity to reduce animal pain inflicted during in vivo experimentation. This study aimed to establish an easy-to-handle ex vivo organ culture model with porcine corneas for the evaluation and modulation of epithelial wound healing. Cultured free-floating cornea disks with a punch defect were observed by stereomicroscopic photo documentation. We analysed the effects of different cell culture media and investigated the impact of different wound sizes as well as the role of the limbus. Modulation of the wound healing process was carried out with the cytostatic agent Mitomycin C. The wound area calculation revealed that after three days over 90% of the lesion was healed. As analysed with TUNEL and lactate dehydrogenase assay, the culture conditions were cell protecting and preserved the viability of the corneal tissue. Wound healing rates differ dependent on the culture medium used. Mitomycin C hampered wound healing in a concentration-dependent manner. The porcine cornea ex vivo culture ideally mimics the in vivo situation and allows investigations of cellular behaviour in the course of wound healing. The effect of substances can be studied, as we have documented for a mitosis inhibitor. This model might aid in toxicological studies as well as in the evaluation of drug efficacy and could offer a platform for therapeutic approaches based on regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schumann
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Luebeck, Moenkhofer Weg 239a, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; or
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-451-38444814
| | - Eva Dietrich
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Cell Technology, Moenkhofer Weg 239a, 23562 Luebeck, Germany;
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany; (S.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Charli Kruse
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Luebeck, Moenkhofer Weg 239a, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; or
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Cell Technology, Moenkhofer Weg 239a, 23562 Luebeck, Germany;
| | - Salvatore Grisanti
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany; (S.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Mahdy Ranjbar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany; (S.G.); (M.R.)
- Laboratory for Angiogenesis & Ocular Cell Transplantation, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Galectin-3, IL-1A, IL-6, and EGF Levels in Corneal Epithelium of Patients With Recurrent Corneal Erosion Syndrome. Cornea 2021; 39:1354-1358. [PMID: 32732704 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the galectin-3 (Gal3), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) levels in corneal epithelium of patients with recurrent corneal erosion (RCE) syndrome and compare them with healthy controls. METHODS In this prospective interventional case control study, 32 eyes of 32 patients with RCE syndrome who had corneal epithelial erosions and 28 eyes of 28 healthy participants scheduled for photorefractive keratectomy (control group) were included. Exclusion criteria included corneal dystrophies, ectasia, dry eye, previous ocular surgery or topical medications, and systemic diseases. Epithelial samples were obtained during epithelial debridement in the study group and mechanical epithelial keratectomy in the control group. Galectin-3 levels were studied by the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay method. IL-1, IL-6, and EGF levels were determined using corresponding ELISA kits. RESULTS The median Gal3 levels were 132.25 ng/mL in the study group and 106.50 ng/mL in the control group. The median IL-1 and IL-6 levels were 6.24 pg/mL and 10.16 pg/mL, respectively, in the study group which were higher than that in the control group. The median EGF level in the study group was lower than that the control group with 1.30 pg/mL versus 2.67 pg/mL. In the control group, there was a significant positive correlation between EGF and IL-6 (r = 0.554; P = 0.040). A similar correlation was not observed in patients with RCE (r = -0.071; P = 0.794). CONCLUSIONS The lack of increased EGF expression and the imbalance between growth factors, adhesion molecules, and interleukins may be the reason for the impaired wound healing response in RCE syndrome.
Collapse
|
19
|
An X, Wang G, Jin M, Zhou X, Gao S, Chen J, Reinach PS, Liu Z, Xue Y, Li C. Novel Cell Culture Paradigm Prolongs Mouse Corneal Epithelial Cell Proliferative Activity in vitro and in vivo. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675998. [PMID: 34277619 PMCID: PMC8278007 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been a long-standing challenge to obtain from cell cultures adequate amounts of mouse corneal epithelial cells (mCEC) to perform transplantation surgery. This limitation is attributable to the passage dependent declines in their proliferative activity. We describe here development of a novel 6C medium that contains six different modulators of different signaling pathways, which control proliferative mCEC activity. Its usage shortens the time and effort required to obtain epithelial sheets for hastening healing of an epithelial wound in an experimental animal model. This serum-free 6C medium contains:Y27632, forskolin, SB431542, DAPT, IWP-2, LDN-193189 and also DermaLife K keratinocyte calcium. Their inclusion inhibits rises in four specific markers of epithelial mesenchymal transdifferentiation:ZEB1/2, Snail, β-catenin and α-SMA. This medium is applied in a feeder-free air-lifted system to obtain sufficient populations of epithelial progenitor cells whose procurement is facilitated due to suppression of progenitor epithelial cell transdifferentiation into epithelial-mesenchymal cells. Diminution of this decline in transdifferentiation was confirmed based on the invariance of P63, K14, Pax6, and K12 gene expression levels. This cell culture technique is expected to facilitate ex vivo characterization of mechanisms underlying cell fate determination. Furthermore, its implementation will improve yields of progenitor mouse corneal epithelial cells, which increases the likelihood of using these cells as a source to generate epithelial sheets for performing transplantation surgery to treat limbal stem cell deficiency in a clinical setting. In addition, the novel insight obtainable from such studies is expected to improve the outcomes of corneal regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya An
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Mengyi Jin
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhou
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shubin Gao
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingyao Chen
- Yan'An Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Peter S Reinach
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuhua Xue
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Adil MT, Henry JJ. Understanding cornea epithelial stem cells and stem cell deficiency: Lessons learned using vertebrate model systems. Genesis 2021; 59:e23411. [PMID: 33576188 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Animal models have contributed greatly to our understanding of human diseases. Here, we focus on cornea epithelial stem cell (CESC) deficiency (commonly called limbal stem cell deficiency, LSCD). Corneal development, homeostasis and wound healing are supported by specific stem cells, that include the CESCs. Damage to or loss of these cells results in blindness and other debilitating ocular conditions. Here we describe the contributions from several vertebrate models toward understanding CESCs and LSCD treatments. These include both mammalian models, as well as two aquatic models, Zebrafish and the amphibian, Xenopus. Pioneering developments have been made using stem cell transplants to restore normal vision in patients with LSCD, but questions still remain about the basic biology of CESCs, including their precise cell lineages and behavior in the cornea. We describe various cell lineage tracing studies to follow their patterns of division, and the fates of their progeny during development, homeostasis, and wound healing. In addition, we present some preliminary results using the Xenopus model system. Ultimately, a more thorough understanding of these cornea cells will advance our knowledge of stem cell biology and lead to better cornea disease therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Tayyab Adil
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jonathan J Henry
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tear Proteases and Protease Inhibitors: Potential Biomarkers and Disease Drivers in Ocular Surface Disease. Eye Contact Lens 2021; 46 Suppl 2:S70-S83. [PMID: 31369467 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tears are highly concentrated in proteins relative to other biofluids, and a notable fraction of tear proteins are proteases and protease inhibitors. These components are present in a delicate equilibrium that maintains ocular surface homeostasis in response to physiological and temporal cues. Dysregulation of the activity of protease and protease inhibitors in tears occurs in ocular surface diseases including dry eye and infection, and ocular surface conditions including wound healing after refractive surgery and contact lens (CL) wear. Measurement of these changes can provide general information regarding ocular surface health and, increasingly, has the potential to give specific clues regarding disease diagnosis and guidance for treatment. Here, we review three major categories of tear proteases (matrix metalloproteinases, cathepsins, and plasminogen activators [PAs]) and their endogenous inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, cystatins, and PA inhibitors), and the changes in these factors associated with dry eye, infection and allergy, refractive surgery, and CLs. We highlight suggestions for development of these and other protease/protease inhibitor biomarkers in this promising field.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ashworth S, Harrington J, Hammond GM, Bains KK, Koudouna E, Hayes AJ, Ralphs JR, Regini JW, Young RD, Hayashi R, Nishida K, Hughes CE, Quantock AJ. Chondroitin Sulfate as a Potential Modulator of the Stem Cell Niche in Cornea. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:567358. [PMID: 33511110 PMCID: PMC7835413 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.567358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is an important component of the extracellular matrix in multiple biological tissues. In cornea, the CS glycosaminoglycan (GAG) exists in hybrid form, whereby some of the repeating disaccharides are dermatan sulfate (DS). These CS/DS GAGs in cornea, through their presence on the proteoglycans, decorin and biglycan, help control collagen fibrillogenesis and organization. CS also acts as a regulatory ligand for a spectrum of signaling molecules, including morphogens, cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes during corneal growth and development. There is a growing body of evidence that precise expression of CS or CS/DS with specific sulfation motifs helps define the local extracellular compartment that contributes to maintenance of the stem cell phenotype. Indeed, recent evidence shows that CS sulfation motifs recognized by antibodies 4C3, 7D4, and 3B3 identify stem cell populations and their niches, along with activated progenitor cells and transitional areas of tissue development in the fetal human elbow. Various sulfation motifs identified by some CS antibodies are also specifically located in the limbal region at the edge of the mature cornea, which is widely accepted to represent the corneal epithelial stem cell niche. Emerging data also implicate developmental changes in the distribution of CS during corneal morphogenesis. This article will reflect upon the potential roles of CS and CS/DS in maintenance of the stem cell niche in cornea, and will contemplate the possible involvement of CS in the generation of eye-like tissues from human iPS (induced pluripotent stem) cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Ashworth
- Structural Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,School of Biosciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jodie Harrington
- Structural Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Greg M Hammond
- Structural Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kiranjit K Bains
- Structural Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Koudouna
- Structural Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Hayes
- School of Biosciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - James R Ralphs
- School of Biosciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Justyn W Regini
- Structural Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D Young
- Structural Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ryuhei Hayashi
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Clare E Hughes
- School of Biosciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Quantock
- Structural Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Successful Ocular Surface Reconstruction in Complete Ankyloblepharon With the Simple Oral Mucosal Epithelial Transplantation Technique: A Case Report. Cornea 2021; 40:1482-1486. [PMID: 33416218 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report an outcome of a patient with complete ankyloblepharon successfully managed with simple oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (SOMET). METHODS A 55-year-old woman presented with complete adhesion of both lids to the ocular surface as a complication from Stevens-Johnson syndrome. We performed 2-staged reconstructive surgeries: the first stage was to perform ankyloblepharon lysis and surface reconstruction with a mucosal graft on the palpebral area and an amniotic membrane on the bulbar area, and the second stage was to reconstruct the bulbar area with a transplantation of small pieces of oral mucosa (SOMET technique). Postoperatively, the patient was evaluated for ocular surface stability, recurrent symblepharon, in vivo confocal microscopy, and impression cytology with immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Complete epithelialization of cornea-like epithelium was observed within 6 weeks after SOMET was performed. The ocular surface was stable over 1 year. Both fornices remained deep. In vivo confocal microscopy showed cornea-like epithelium mixed with conjunctival epithelium, as confirmed with immunofluorescence staining, which revealed cytokeratin 3, cytokeratin 7, and cytokeratin 12 positivity. CONCLUSIONS SOMET is a simple modified technique using minimal oral mucosal tissue to regenerate epithelialization for complicated ocular surface reconstruction such as a complete ankyloblepharon repair. Although there was evidence of conjunctival invasion, stable ocular surface and deep fornices can be achieved for further visual rehabilitative procedure.
Collapse
|
24
|
Objective and Subjective Evaluation of Clinical Performance of Scleral Lens with Varying Limbal Clearance in Keratoconus. Optom Vis Sci 2020; 97:703-710. [DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
25
|
The prominence of the dosage form design to treat ocular diseases. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119577. [PMID: 32622806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The eye is susceptible to various diseases commonly difficult to treat. To overcome the barriers imposed by this organ for required drugs penetration, technological strategies have been implemented to ocular formulations. Among them are the use of temperature or electric stimuli and the development of nanoparticles. The objective of this review is to present the main barriers to ocular drug delivery and to discuss strategies used in the development of ocular dosage forms, primarily for topical delivery, to increase the local bioavailability of drugs, target their delivery and increase patient compliance. Results obtained in the last years related to the topical administration of liposomes, dendrimers, iontophoresis, among other nanoparticulate systems focused on ophthalmic delivery, will be addressed. Finally, some clinical trials and marketed formulations that use nanotechnology to topically treat eye diseases will be presented.
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang T, Fan TJ, Xu B. Norfloxacin induces apoptosis and necroptosis in human corneal epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 66:104868. [PMID: 32320760 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Norfloxacin (NOR) is applied clinically to treat keratitis. However, NOR has brought severe side-effects for human corneal epithelium (HCEP) due to overdose and potential toxicity. In this study, two in vitro experimental models including monolayer HCEP cells and tissue-engineered human corneal epithelium (TE-HCEP) were used to explore the cytotoxicity and its related mechanisms. The HCEP cells treated with NOR at concentrations from 0.1875 to 3.0 mg/mL displayed abnormal morphology, declined viability, and increased plasma membrane permeability. Moreover, 0.75 mg/mL NOR induced chromatin condensation, S phase arrest, phosphatidylserine externalization, and formation of apoptotic body through activation of caspase-2/-8/-9/-3, downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, upregulation of Bad and Bax, mitochondrial transmembrane potential disruption and release of cytochrome c and apoptosis inducing factor into cytosol, whereas 1.5 mg/mL and 3.0 mg/mL NOR upregulated the expressions of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) together with inactivation of caspase-2/-8. Furthermore, 0.1875-3.0 mg/mL NOR destroyed the multilayer structure of TE-HCEP model due to a dose-dependent cytotoxicity, which validated the above results. Overall, low-dose (0.1875-0.75 mg/mL) NOR induced apoptosis through mitochondrion-dependent and death receptor-mediated pathways, and high-dose (1.5-3.0 mg/mL) NOR triggered necroptosis via RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL cascade in HCEP cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ting-Jun Fan
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tawfik EA, Craig DQM, Barker SA. Dual drug-loaded coaxial nanofibers for the treatment of corneal abrasion. Int J Pharm 2020; 581:119296. [PMID: 32247813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Corneal abrasion is a scratch wound on the surface of the anterior segment of the eye, which can predispose a patient to corneal infection and scarring, particularly if the cut penetrates to the deep corneal layers. Here we investigate a novel approach to co-administer an anti-scarring agent and an antibiotic, both being incorporated into one dosage form so as to accelerate wound closure and to treat any associated infection. More specifically, we have used electrospun fibers as a means of incorporating the two drugs into distinct compartments via coaxial electrospinning. Samples were characterised using a range of imaging, spectroscopic and thermal methods, while an HPLC assay has been developed to allow measurement of the concentration of both drug components in both the initial fibers and on release. Fibers loaded with pirfenidone in the hydrophobic polymer, PLGA, as the outer layer and moxifloxacin in the hydrophilic polymer PVP as the inner layer were successfully prepared, with smooth and non-porous surfaces and a mean diameter of circa 630 nm. TEM image demonstrated clear distinctive layers (a core and a shell), suggesting the successful preparation of the drug-loaded coaxial fibers, supported by HPLC entrapment studies, while fluorescence microscopy confirmed the presence of the moxifloxacin within the fibers. The fibers were capable of extending the release of both drugs, hence raising the possibility of a single daily dose of the drug-loaded coaxial fibers for the treatment of corneal abrasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Essam A Tawfik
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom; National Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Duncan Q M Craig
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
| | - Susan A Barker
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kaplan N, Wang J, Wray B, Patel P, Yang W, Peng H, Lavker RM. Single-Cell RNA Transcriptome Helps Define the Limbal/Corneal Epithelial Stem/Early Transit Amplifying Cells and How Autophagy Affects This Population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:3570-3583. [PMID: 31419300 PMCID: PMC6701873 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to interrogate the relatively rare stem (SC) and early transit amplifying (TA) cell populations in limbal/corneal epithelia from wild-type and autophagy-compromised mice. Methods We conducted scRNA-seq on ocular anterior segmental tissue from wild-type and beclin 1–deficient (beclin1+/−) mice, using a 10X Gemomics pipeline. Cell populations were distinguished by t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding. Seurat analysis was conducted to compare gene expression profiles between these two groups of mice. Differential protein expression patterns were validated by immunofluorescence staining and immunoblotting. Results Unbiased clustering detected 10 distinct populations: three clusters of mesenchymal and seven clusters of epithelial cells, based on their unique molecular signatures. A discrete group of mesenchymal cells expressed genes associated with corneal stromal SCs. We identified three limbal/corneal epithelial cell subpopulations designated as stem/early TA, mature TA, and differentiated corneal epithelial cells. Thioredoxin-interacting protein and PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) were identified as novel regulators of stem/early TA cell quiescence. PBK arrested corneal epithelial cells in G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Beclin1+/− mice displayed a decrease in proliferation-associated (Ki67, Lrig1) and stress-response (H2ax) genes. The most increased gene in beclin1+/− mice was transcription factor ATF3, which negatively regulates limbal epithelial cell proliferation. Conclusions Establishment of a comprehensive atlas of genes expressed by stromal and epithelial cells from limbus and cornea forms the foundation for unraveling regulatory networks among these distinct tissues. Similarly, scRNA-seq profiling of the anterior segmental epithelia from wild-type and autophagy-deficient mice provides new insights into how autophagy influences proliferation in these tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab of PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Brian Wray
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Priyam Patel
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Wending Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Han Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Robert M Lavker
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Direct Reprogramming Into Corneal Epithelial Cells Using a Transcriptional Network Comprising PAX6, OVOL2, and KLF4. Cornea 2019; 38 Suppl 1:S34-S41. [PMID: 31403532 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In its early stages, an embryo polarizes to form cell subpopulations that subsequently produce specific organ cell types. These cell subpopulations are defined by transcription factors (TFs) that activate or repress specific genes. Although an embryo comprises thousands of TFs, surprisingly few are needed to determine the fate of a given cell. The ectoderm divides into the neuroectoderm and surface ectoderm, the latter of which gives rise to epidermal keratinocytes and corneal epithelial cells (CECs). Meanwhile, neuroectoderm cells give rise to other parts of the eye such as the corneal endothelium and retina. To investigate the regulatory role of TFs in CECs, we overexpressed the "core TFs" (PAX6, OVOL2, and KLF4) in human fibroblasts and found that the cells adopted a CEC-like quality. OVOL2 overexpression was even able to directly induce cells with a neuroectoderm fate toward a surface ectoderm fate, designated "direct reprogramming." Conversely, suppression of OVOL2 or PAX6 expression induced CECs to show qualities consistent with neural lineage cells or epidermal keratinocytes, respectively. This suggests that these core TFs can maintain the CEC phenotype through reciprocal gene regulation. Direct reprogramming has important implications for cell therapies. The potential benefits of cells derived by direct reprogramming compared with induced pluripotent stem cells include the fact that it requires less time than reprogramming a cell back to the pluripotent state and then to another cell type. Further understanding of the reciprocally repressive mechanism of action for core TFs could lead to alternative treatments for regenerative medicine not requiring cell transplantation.
Collapse
|
30
|
Simple oral mucosal epithelial transplantation in a rabbit model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18088. [PMID: 31792300 PMCID: PMC6889162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated a rabbit model of autologous simple oral mucosal epithelium transplantation (SOMET) for limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). LSCD was created in the SOMET group and the Control group. In the SOMET group, oral mucosa harvested from the buccal region was treated with dispase, cut into small pieces, and placed on the exposed corneal stroma without using graft sutures, amniotic membrane, and/or glue. A soft contact lens was positioned and tarsorrhaphy was performed in both groups. Postoperative corneal neovascularization and fluorescein staining scores were evaluated by slit lamp microscopy in both groups. At 2 weeks postoperatively, eyes were excised and subjected to immunohistochemical staining for CK3, CK13, CK15, and p63. In the SOMET group, transplantation of oral mucosa led to complete recovery of LSCD, as indicated by low neovascularization scores, low fluorescein staining scores, and detection of stratified K3/K13-positive cells on the stroma at 2 weeks after surgery. In contrast, corneal epithelial defects persisted in the Control group at 2 weeks. SOMET achieved re-epithelialization of the corneal surface in this rabbit LSCD model. It is a simple technique that does not require culture and could be a promising option for ocular surface reconstruction in bilateral LSCD.
Collapse
|
31
|
You XG, Fan TJ, Jiang GJ. Phenylephrine induces necroptosis and apoptosis in corneal epithelial cells dose- and time-dependently. Toxicology 2019; 428:152305. [PMID: 31605733 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the toxicity of phenylephrine, a selective α1-adrenergic receptor agonist, in corneal epithelial cells and its underlying mechanisms were investigated using an in vitro model of human corneal epithelial cells (HCEPCs) and an in vivo model of New Zealand white rabbit corneas. The HCEPCs treated with phenylephrine at concentrations from 10% to 0.078125% displayed abnormal morphology, decline of cell viability and elevation of plasma membrane permeability time- and dose-dependently. Moreover, 10%-1.25% phenylephrine induce necrosis characteristics of marginalization and uneven distribution of chromatin through up-regulation of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL along with inactivation of caspase-8 and caspase-2, whereas 0.625% phenylephrine induced condensed chromatin, S phase arrest, phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation and apoptotic body formation in the HCECs through activation of caspase-2, -8, -9 and -3 as well as down-regulation of Bcl-2, up-regulation of Bad, ΔΨm disruption and release of cytochrome c and AIF into cytosol. At last, 10% phenylephrine induced destruction of the corneal epithelia and apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells in rabbit corneas. In conclusion, 10% to 1.25% phenylephrine cause necroptosis via RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL axis and 0.625% phenylephrine induce apoptosis via a mitochondrion-dependent and death receptor-mediated signal pathway in HCEPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Guo You
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Ting-Jun Fan
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Guo-Jian Jiang
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
The secreted Ly-6/uPAR related protein-1 (SLURP1) stabilizes epithelial cell junctions and suppresses TNF-α-induced cytokine production. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:729-734. [PMID: 31387745 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.07.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The secreted Ly-6/uPAR related protein-1 (SLURP1) is an anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory peptide highly expressed by the mucosal epithelial cells. SLURP1 is abundantly expressed by the corneal epithelial cells and is significantly downregulated when these cells are transformed and adapted for culture in vitro. Here we studied the effect of overexpressing SLURP1 in Human Corneal Limbal Epithelial (HCLE) cells cultured in vitro. The expression of DSP1, DSG1, TJP1 and E-Cadherin was significantly upregulated in two different SLURP1-overexpressing HCLE cell (HCLE-SLURP1) clones. HCLE-SLURP1 cells also displayed a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced upregulation of (i) IL-8 from 7.4- to 2.9- and 2.1-fold, (ii) IL-1β from 4.9- to 3.9- and 2.9-fold, (iii) CXCL1 from 9- to 3.3- and 5.5-fold, and (iv) CXCL2 from 4.8- to 2.1- and 2.8-fold. ELISAs revealed a concomitant decrease in IL-8 levels in cell culture supernatants from 789 pg/ml in the control, to 503 and 352 pg/ml in HCLE-SLURP1 cells. Consistently, cytosolic IκB expression was elevated in HCLE-SLURP1 cells with a concurrent suppression of TNF-α-activated nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Collectively, these results elucidate the beneficial effects of SLURP1 in stabilizing the HCLE intercellular junctions and suppressing the TNF-α-induced upregulation of inflammatory cytokines by suppressing NF-κB nuclear translocation.
Collapse
|
33
|
De Matteis A, dell'Aquila M, Maiese A, Frati P, La Russa R, Bolino G, Fineschi V. The Troponin-I fast skeletal muscle is reliable marker for the determination of vitality in the suicide hanging. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 301:284-288. [PMID: 31195249 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Troponin I (TnI) is the inhibitory subunit of the troponin complex in the sarcomeric thin filament of striated muscle and plays a central role in the calcium regulation of contraction and relaxation. Vertebrate TnI has evolved into three isoforms encoded by three homologous genes: TNNI1 for slow skeletal muscle TnI, TNNI2 for fast skeletal muscle TnI and TNNI3 for cardiac TnI, which are expressed under muscle type-specific and developmental regulations in both the atrium and ventricle of the heart. Skeletal muscle TnI (both sTnI iso-forms) have been proposed as a sensitive and fast fiber-specific serum marker of skeletal muscle damage; fsTnI concentration in increased peripheral blood when fast twitch fibers were damaged. In our study we investigate if the 'Troponin I, fast skeletal muscle' can also be used as a reliable diagnostic tool in forensic practice, to perform differential diagnosis about vitality in suicide by hanging and simulated hanging (suspension of the victim after murder). We selected 8 women and 13 men, mean age 52.2 years, who died from suicidal hanging. The ligature material used for hanging was soft material in 11 cases and hard material in 10 cases. We chose cases as a control group of adults (n = 10; six women, four men, mean age 47.3 years) that died from opioid overdose (n = 2), car accident (n = 3) and sudden cardiac death (n = 5). Those deaths were characterized by their rapidity. To test the Anti-Troponin I fast skeletal muscle Antibody (Abcam clone-134,838), we used a case of a subject who died of myocardial infarction (timing infarct dated to 24-36 h prior to death). The reactions to Troponin I (namely the amount and extent of marker depletion) was scored for each section from 0 to -3: 0 = no loss of staining; -1 = minimal decrease in staining, compared to normally stained tissue; -2 = clear decrease in staining with some positivity (brown color) remaining; and -3 = no positive (brown) staining. The set of results obtained leads us to believe that the use of this antibody (Anti-Troponin I fast skeletal muscle antibody) is very promising to be able to make a certain differential diagnosis between antemortem and postmortem hangings. It should be emphasized that the present study seems to open new and promising horizons in the possibility to discriminate between suicidal hanging and simulated hanging (suspension of the victim after murder).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra De Matteis
- Department of Anatomy, Histology Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Roma, Viale Regina Elena 336, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Massimiliano dell'Aquila
- Department of Anatomy, Histology Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Roma, Viale Regina Elena 336, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Aniello Maiese
- Department of Anatomy, Histology Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Roma, Viale Regina Elena 336, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Paola Frati
- Department of Anatomy, Histology Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Roma, Viale Regina Elena 336, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Raffaele La Russa
- Department of Anatomy, Histology Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Roma, Viale Regina Elena 336, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bolino
- Department of Anatomy, Histology Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Roma, Viale Regina Elena 336, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Roma, Viale Regina Elena 336, Rome 00185, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bains KK, Fukuoka H, Hammond GM, Sotozono C, Quantock AJ. Recovering vision in corneal epithelial stem cell deficient eyes. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2019; 42:350-358. [PMID: 31047800 PMCID: PMC6611221 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Corneal limbal epithelial stem cells deficiencies cause severe ocular surface instability and visual impairment. These conditions, caused by injury or disease, are very difficult to treat. Laboratory-grown epithelial cell sheets expanded from healthy limbal tissue can be used to reconstruct the ocular surface. Other epithelia, such as the oral mucosa, can be used to generate the therapeutic cell sheets.
A healthy corneal epithelium, which is essential for proper vision and protection from external pathogens, is continuously replenished throughout life by stem cells located at the limbus. In diseased or injured eyes, however, in which stem cells are deficient, severe ocular problems manifest themselves. These are notoriously difficult to manage and as a result the last 20 or so years has seen a number of therapeutic strategies emerge that aim to recover the ocular surface and restore vision in limbal stem cell deficient eyes. The dominant concept involves the generation of laboratory cultivated epithelial cell sheets expanded from small biopsies of the epithelial limbus (for patient or donors) or another non-corneal epithelial tissue such as the oral mucosa. Typically, cells are grown on sterilised human amniotic membrane as a substrate, which then forms part of the graft, or specially formulated plastic culture dishes from which cells sheets can be released by lowering the temperature, and thus the adherence of the plastic to the cells. Overall, clinical results are promising, as is discussed, with new cultivation methodologies and different cell lineages currently being investigated to augment the treatment options for visual disturbance caused by a corneal epithelial limbal stem cell deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiranjit K Bains
- Structural Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
| | - Hideki Fukuoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8065, Japan.
| | - Greg M Hammond
- Structural Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8065, Japan.
| | - Andrew J Quantock
- Structural Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8065, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Comparison of the efficacy of different cell sources for transplantation in total limbal stem cell deficiency. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 257:1253-1263. [PMID: 31004182 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-019-04316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of allogeneic cultured limbal epithelial transplantation (ACLET) and cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (COMET) in treating total limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, 73 patients (76 eyes) with total LSCD, including 41 patients (42 eyes) treated with ACLET and 32 patients (34 eyes) receiving COMET, were evaluated. The age, gender and injury cause of all patients were recorded. RESULTS The mean follow-up was 23.3 ± 9.9 months in the ACLET group and 16.1 ± 5.8 months in the COMET group. A higher incidence of persistent epithelial defect was observed after COMET (P = 0.023). The overall ocular surface grading scores were all lower in the ACLET group than in the COMET group at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery and the last follow-up. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis demonstrated a significantly higher success rate of ACLET (71.4%), compared with that of COMET (52.9%; P = 0.043). The risk of graft failure was higher in patients with entropion and trichiasis, incomplete eyelid closure and treated with COMET. The graft failure risk rate after COMET was 3.5 times higher than that of ACLET. CONCLUSIONS For total LSCD patients, ACLET should be prioritized, since limbal epithelial cells have better ability to maintain corneal epithelial integrity and ocular surface stability and benefit the ocular surface when compared with oral mucosal epithelial cells. Preoperative and postoperative eyelid abnormalities should be corrected as early as possible.
Collapse
|
36
|
Duan CY, Xie HT, Zhao XY, Zhang MC. Limbal niche cells: a novel feeder cell for autologous cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation. Regen Med 2018; 14:49-62. [PMID: 30572808 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To establish a culture system using conspecific limbal niche cells (LNCs) as feeders for autologous cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (COMET). MATERIALS & METHODS Rabbit oral epithelial sheets, harvested from culture systems containing LNCs or 3T3 cells, were transplanted onto limbal stem cell-deficient rabbit eyes (COMET-3T3 or COMET-LNCs). RESULTS After COMET, corneas were relatively restored, with the exception of mild neovascularization in one cornea of the COMET-3T3 group. CD34 was detected in COMET-3T3 group corneas. Corneas of the COMET-LNCs group expressed high levels of PEDF and sFlt-1, but low levels of bFGF, compared with expression in COMET-3T3 corneas. CONCLUSION The culture system containing conspecific LNC feeders could substitute for the 3T3 cell system and decrease the risk of neovascularization after COMET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ye Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hua-Tao Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ming-Chang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Corneal keratin aggresome (CKAGG) formation and clearance by proteasome activation. Heliyon 2018; 4:e01012. [PMID: 30619956 PMCID: PMC6313837 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To understand the mechanism of corneal keratin expression and clearance in corneal epithelium with Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency (LSCD). The hypothesis is that LSCD-induced proteasome dysfunction is a contributing factor to keratin aggregation, causing corneal keratin aggresome (CKAGG) formation. Method LSCD was surgically induced in rabbit corneas. LSCD corneal epithelial cells (D-CEC) were collected to investigate keratin K4 and K13 expression and CKAGG formation. Oral mucosal epithelial cells (OMECS) were isolated and cultured to study K4 and K13 expression. Cultured cells were treated with proteasome inhibitor to induce CKAGG formation. Results K4 and K13 were strongly expressed in D-CEC, with additional higher molecular weight bands of K4 and K13, suggesting CKAGG formation. Double staining of K4/K13 and ubiquitin showed co-localization of these keratins with ubiquitin in D-CEC. Proteasome inhibition also showed K4/K13 modification and accumulation in cultured OMECS, similar to D-CEC. Proteasome activation was then performed in cultured OMEC. There was no accumulation of keratins, and levels of unmodified keratins were found significantly reduced. Conclusion Results showed an abnormal expression of K4 and K13 after LSCD-induced proteasome dysfunction, which coalesce to form CKAGG in Corneal Epithelial Cells (CEC). We propose that CKAGG formation may be one of the causative factors of morphological alterations in the injured corneal epithelium, and that CKAGG could potentially be cleared by enhancing proteasome activity.
Collapse
|
38
|
Anterior-Segment Optical Coherence Tomography and Scanning Electron Microscopy to Evaluate Corneal Epithelial Changes in Patients Undergoing Glaucoma Therapy. Cornea 2018; 37:1522-1526. [PMID: 30212410 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000001752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure corneal epithelial thickness (CET) in patients with glaucoma using anterior-segment optical coherence tomography and to evaluate CET changes in relation to corneal epithelial microvilli analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). METHODS Twenty-two eyes (16 patients) being treated with preservative-containing topical medications and 12 normal eyes underwent anterior-segment optical coherence tomography imaging using RTVue-100. The CET maps generated corresponded to a 6-mm diameter area of cornea that was divided into 17 sectors. We compared the CETs of each sector obtained in the glaucomatous group with those obtained in the control group. RESULTS Glaucomatous eyes were divided into 2 groups based on the number of microvilli on SEM: group 1 (6 eyes) = grades 1 and 2 at SEM (range: 500-3000) and group 2 (10 eyes) = grades 3 and 4 at SEM (range: 0-500). Four CET sectors were significantly thinner in group 1 than in normal eyes: central (P = 0.012), superior (P = 0.005), temporal paracentral (P = 0.003), and temporal midperipheral (P = 0.023). No significant differences were observed between group 2 and normal eyes. CET sectors were significantly thinner in group 1 than in group 2 only in the superior (P = 0.024) and superior-temporal paracentral (P = 0.020) sectors. CET progressively increased in patients with glaucoma as the number of corneal epithelial microvilli decreased. CONCLUSIONS CET and corneal epithelial microvilli are new parameters with which to evaluate early stages of corneal epithelial changes during glaucoma therapy. In advanced stages of corneal epithelial damage, SEM evaluation reveals ultrastructural epithelial changes that may not be observed on CET measurements.
Collapse
|
39
|
Ocular Surface Reconstruction with the Autologous Conjunctival Epithelium and Establishment of a Feeder-Free and Serum-Free Culture System. Cornea 2018; 37 Suppl 1:S39-S41. [PMID: 30211749 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000001729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of the autologous cultured corneal limbal epithelium and oral mucosal epithelium is a standard technique for ocular surface reconstruction under corneal limbal stem cell deficiency. As an option for bilateral cases, we recommend utilization of autologous conjunctivae for ocular surface reconstruction. Autologous conjunctival epithelium sheet transplantation was effective for bilateral corneal limbal stem cell deficiency without symblepharon or severe keratinization. Moreover, we established a feeder-free and serum-free culture system of the limbal epithelium. This system can be applied for culturing conjunctival epithelia. Autologous cultured conjunctival epithelium transplantation is a practical option for treating bilateral corneal limbal stem cell deficiency.
Collapse
|
40
|
Basche M, Kampik D, Kawasaki S, Branch MJ, Robinson M, Larkin DF, Smith AJ, Ali RR. Sustained and Widespread Gene Delivery to the Corneal Epithelium via In Situ Transduction of Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells, Using Lentiviral and Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:1140-1152. [PMID: 30070149 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal epithelial dystrophies are typically characterized by symptoms such as pain, light sensitivity, and corneal opacification leading to impaired vision. The development of gene therapy for such conditions has been hindered by an inability to achieve sustained and extensive gene transfer, as the epithelium is highly replicative and has evolved to exclude foreign material. We undertook a comprehensive study in mice aiming to overcome these impediments. Direct injection of lentiviral vector within the stem cell niche resulted in centripetal streaks of epithelial transgene expression sustained for >1 year, indicating limbal epithelial stem cell transduction in situ. The extent of transgene expression varied markedly but at maximum covered 26% of the corneal surface. After intrastromal injection, adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors were found to penetrate Bowman's membrane and mediate widespread, but transient (12-16 days), epithelial transgene expression. This was sufficient, when applied within a Cre/lox system, to result in recombined epithelium covering up to approximately 80% of the corneal surface. Lastly, systemic delivery of AAV2/9 in neonatal mice resulted in extensive corneal transduction, despite the relative avascularity of the tissue. These findings provide the foundations of a gene therapy toolkit for the corneal epithelium, which might be applied to correction of inherited epithelial dystrophies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Basche
- 1 Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Kampik
- 1 Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; London, United Kingdom
| | - Satoshi Kawasaki
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Matthew J Branch
- 1 Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; London, United Kingdom
| | - Martha Robinson
- 1 Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alexander J Smith
- 1 Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin R Ali
- 1 Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; London, United Kingdom
- 4 NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yu V, Bhattacharya D, Webster A, Bauskar A, Flowers C, Heur M, Chintala SK, Itakura T, Wilson MR, Barr JT, Jeong S, Wang M, Fini ME. Clusterin from human clinical tear samples: Positive correlation between tear concentration and Schirmer strip test results. Ocul Surf 2018; 16:478-486. [PMID: 30077709 PMCID: PMC6175631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between tear concentration of the homeostatic protein clusterin (CLU) and dry eye signs and symptoms, and to characterize tear CLU protein. METHODS Two independent studies were conducted, one in Tucson (44 subjects), the other in Los Angeles (52 subjects). A cohort study design was employed to enroll patients without regard to dry eye diagnosis. Dry eye signs and symptoms were assessed using clinical tests. Tear samples were collected by Schirmer strip, and also by micropipette at slit lamp when possible. CLU from both sample types was quantified by immunoassay. The relationship between CLU concentration and clinical test scores was determined by Pearson's correlation coefficient (for individual eyes) and multiple linear regression analysis (including both eyes). CLU was also evaluated biochemically by western blotting. RESULTS In the Tucson cohort, a positive correlation was observed between tear CLU concentration and results of the Schirmer strip test, a measure of tear flow (p = 0.021 includes both eyes). This result was corroborated in the Los Angeles cohort (p = 0.013). The mean tear CLU concentration was 31 ± 14 μg/mL (n = 18 subjects, 33 eyes; range = 7-48 μg/mL). CLU from clinical tear samples appeared biochemically similar to CLU from a non-clinical tear sample and from blood plasma. CONCLUSIONS Results support the hypothesis that an optimal concentration of tear CLU is important for ocular surface health, and that this drops below the effective threshold in dry eye. Tear CLU measurement might identify patients that could benefit from supplementation. Information about concentration will aid development of therapeutic dosage parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Yu
- MD Program, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dhruva Bhattacharya
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Andrew Webster
- USC Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aditi Bauskar
- PhD Program in Medical Biology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charles Flowers
- USC Roski Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martin Heur
- USC Roski Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shravan K Chintala
- USC Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tatsuo Itakura
- USC Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark R Wilson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph T Barr
- The Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shinwu Jeong
- USC Institute for Genetic Medicine, USC Roski Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mingwu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Fini
- USC Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Correlations of In Vitro Assays for Assessing Cytotoxicity and Biocompatibility of Contact Lens Multipurpose Solutions. Eye Contact Lens 2018; 44 Suppl 1:S97-S105. [DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
43
|
Srinivas SP, Goyal A, Talele DP, Mahadik S, Sudhir RR, Murthy PP, Ranganath S, Kompella UB, Padmanabhan P. Corneal epithelial permeability to fluorescein in humans by a multi-drop method. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198831. [PMID: 29920519 PMCID: PMC6007839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The permeability of the corneal epithelium to fluorescein Pdc is an indicator of the health of the ocular surface. It can be measured in a clinical setting by determining the accumulation of fluorescein in the stroma following administration of the dye on the ocular surface. Here we demonstrate a new multi-drop method for the measurement of Pdc by a spot fluorometer. Methods Twenty-nine healthy participants were recruited for this study. First, a probe-drop of fluorescein (0.35%, 2 μL) was instilled on the conjunctiva. The clearance of the dye from the tears was immediately measured using the fluorometer. Following this, two loading drops (2%; 6 μL each) were administered 10 min apart. Fifteen minutes later, the ocular surface was washed and fluorescence from the stroma Fs was measured. Permeability was calculated using Pdc = (Q x Fs)/ (2 x AUC), where Q is the stromal thickness and AUC is the area under the fluorescence vs. time curve for the loading drops. Results After the probe drop, the tear fluorescence followed an exponential decay (elimination rate constant; kd = 0.41 ± 0.28 per min; 49 eyes of 29 subjects), but the increase in Fs was negligible. However, after the loading drops, the measured Fs was ~ 20-fold higher than the autofluorescence and could be recorded at a high signal to noise ratio (SNR > 40). The intra-subject variability of kd was insignificant. Since fluorescein undergoes concentration quenching at > 0.5%, the value of AUC for the loading drops was estimated by scaling the AUC of the probe drop. The calculated Pdc was 0.54 ± 0.54 nm/sec (n = 49). A Monte Carlo simulation of the model for the multi-drop protocol confirmed the robustness of the estimated Pdc. Conclusions The new multi-drop method can be used in place of the single-drop approach. It can overcome a lack of sensitivity in fluorometers of high axial resolution. The Pdc estimated by the multi-drop method is ~ 11-fold higher than previously reported but closer to the value reported for other drugs with equivalent octanol/water partition coefficient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangly P. Srinivas
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Arushi Goyal
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Deepti P. Talele
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Sanjay Mahadik
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | | | - P. Pavani Murthy
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Sudhir Ranganath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, India
| | - Uday B. Kompella
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Prema Padmanabhan
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Effects of collected road dusts on cell viability, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in cultured human corneal epithelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2018; 284:152-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
45
|
Uchino Y, Woodward AM, Mauris J, Peterson K, Verma P, Nilsson UJ, Rajaiya J, Argüeso P. Galectin-3 is an amplifier of the interleukin-1β-mediated inflammatory response in corneal keratinocytes. Immunology 2018; 154:490-499. [PMID: 29359328 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a potent mediator of innate immunity commonly up-regulated in a broad spectrum of inflammatory diseases. When bound to its cell surface receptor, IL-1β initiates a signalling cascade that cooperatively induces the expression of canonical IL-1 target genes such as IL-8 and IL-6. Here, we present galectin-3 as a novel regulator of IL-1β responses in corneal keratinocytes. Using the SNAP-tag system and digitonin semi-permeabilization, we show that recombinant exogenous galectin-3 binds to the plasma membrane of keratinocytes and is internalized into cytoplasmic compartments. We find that exogenous galectin-3, but not a dominant negative inhibitor of galectin-3 polymerization lacking the N-terminal domain, exacerbates the response to IL-1β by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. The activity of galectin-3 could be reduced by a novel d-galactopyranoside derivative targeting the conserved galactoside-binding site of galectins and did not involve interaction with IL-1 receptor 1 or the induction of endogenous IL-1β. Consistent with these observations, we demonstrate that small interfering RNA-mediated suppression of endogenous galectin-3 expression is sufficient to impair the IL-1β-induced secretion of IL-8 and IL-6 in a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-independent manner. Collectively, our findings provide a novel role for galectin-3 as an amplifier of IL-1β responses during epithelial inflammation through an as yet unidentified mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Uchino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashley M Woodward
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jérôme Mauris
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristoffer Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Priya Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jaya Rajaiya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Howe Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pablo Argüeso
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cieślar-Pobuda A, Rafat M, Knoflach V, Skonieczna M, Hudecki A, Małecki A, Urasińska E, Ghavami S, Łos MJ. Human induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation and direct transdifferentiation into corneal epithelial-like cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:42314-42329. [PMID: 27275539 PMCID: PMC5173137 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The corneal epithelium is maintained by a small pool of tissue stem cells located at the limbus. Through certain injuries or diseases this pool of stem cells may get depleted. This leads to visual impairment. Standard treatment options include autologous or allogeneic limbal stem cell (LSC) transplantation, however graft rejection and chronic inflammation lowers the success rate over long time. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have opened new possibilities for treating various diseases with patient specific cells, eliminating the risk of immune rejection. In recent years, several protocols have been developed, aimed at the differentiation of iPS cells into the corneal epithelial lineage by mimicking the environmental niche of limbal stem cells. However, the risk of teratoma formation associated with the use of iPS cells hinders most applications from lab into clinics. Here we show that the differentiation of iPS cells into corneal epithelial cells results in the expression of corneal epithelial markers showing a successful differentiation, but the process is long and the level of gene expression for the pluripotency markers does not vanish completely. Therefore we set out to determine a direct transdifferentiation approach to circumvent the intermediate state of pluripotency (iPS-stage). The resulting cells, obtained by direct transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into limbal cells, exhibited corneal epithelial cell morphology and expressed corneal epithelial markers. Hence we shows for the first time a direct transdifferentiation of human dermal fibroblasts into the corneal epithelial lineage that may serve as source for corneal epithelial cells for transplantation approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Cieślar-Pobuda
- Stem Cell Group, Nordic EMBL Partnership, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mehrdad Rafat
- LinkoCare Life Sciences AB, Mjärdevi Science Park, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Viktoria Knoflach
- Unit of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry & Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.,Center for Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Małecki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Urasińska
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Seaid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Marek J Łos
- LinkoCare Life Sciences AB, Mjärdevi Science Park, Linköping, Sweden.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yang QC, Bao J, Li C, Tan G, Wu AH, Ye L, Ye LH, Zhou Q, Shao Y. A murine model of dry eye induced by topical administration of erlotinib eye drops. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:1427-1436. [PMID: 29286080 PMCID: PMC5819933 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of erlotinib on mouse tear function and corneal epithelial tissue structure were investigated. Throughout the 3 weeks of treatment, no notable differences were observed in the body, eye or lacrimal gland weights of the control and experimental mice. However, in the experimental group, the tear volume and break‑up times of tear film were significantly lower following treatment with erlotinib compared with the control group. Corneal fluorescein staining in the experimental group revealed patchy staining, and the Lissamine green staining and inflammatory index were significantly higher in the experimental group at 3 weeks than in the control group. In the experimental group, the number of corneal epithelium layers increased significantly following treatment with erlotinib for 3 weeks and a significant increase in the number of vacuoles was observed compared with the control group. Treatment with erlotinib significantly increased the corneal epithelial cell apoptosis, and led to a significantly increased number of epithelial cell layers and increased keratin 10 expression. It also significantly reduced the number of conjunctival goblet cells. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the corneal epithelial surface was irregular and there was a substantial reduction and partial loss of the microvilli in the experimental group. Mice treated with erlotinib also exhibited an increased protein expression of tumor necrosis factor‑α and decreased protein expression of phosphorylated‑epidermal growth factor receptor in the corneal epithelial cells. The topical application of erlotinib eye drops was revealed to induce dry eyes in mice. This is a novel method of developing a model of dry eyes in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Chen Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jing Bao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Gang Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyan, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - An-Hua Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyan, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Hong Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Johnston JR, Chase PB, Pinto JR. Troponin through the looking-glass: emerging roles beyond regulation of striated muscle contraction. Oncotarget 2017; 9:1461-1482. [PMID: 29416706 PMCID: PMC5787451 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Troponin is a heterotrimeric Ca2+-binding protein that has a well-established role in regulating striated muscle contraction. However, mounting evidence points to novel cellular functions of troponin, with profound implications in cancer, cardiomyopathy pathogenesis and skeletal muscle aging. Here, we highlight the non-canonical roles and aberrant expression patterns of troponin beyond the sarcomeric milieu. Utilizing bioinformatics tools and online databases, we also provide pathway, subcellular localization, and protein-protein/DNA interaction analyses that support a role for troponin in multiple subcellular compartments. This emerging knowledge challenges the conventional view of troponin as a sarcomere-specific protein exclusively involved in muscle contraction and may transform the way we think about sarcomeric proteins, particularly in the context of human disease and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R Johnston
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4300, USA
| | - P Bryant Chase
- Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4370, USA
| | - Jose Renato Pinto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4300, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Loughner CL, Tiwari A, Kenchegowda D, Swamynathan S, Swamynathan SK. Spatiotemporally Controlled Ablation of Klf5 Results in Dysregulated Epithelial Homeostasis in Adult Mouse Corneas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:4683-4693. [PMID: 28910443 PMCID: PMC5598321 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Corneal epithelial (CE) homeostasis requires coordination between proliferation and differentiation. Here we examine the role of cell proliferation regulator Krüppel-like factor 5 (Klf5) in adult mouse CE homeostasis. Methods Klf5 was ablated in a spatiotemporally restricted manner by inducing Cre expression in 8-week-old ternary transgenic Klf5LoxP/LoxP/Krt12rtTA/rtTA/Tet-O-Cre (Klf5Δ/ΔCE) mouse CE by administering doxycycline via chow. Normal chow-fed ternary transgenic siblings served as controls. The control and Klf5Δ/ΔCE corneal (1) histology, (2) cell proliferation, and (3) Klf5-target gene expression were examined using (1) periodic acid Schiff reagent-stained sections, (2) Ki67 expression, and (3) quantitative PCR and immunostaining, respectively. The effect of KLF4, KLF5, and OCT1 on gastrokine-1 (GKN1) promoter activity was determined by transient transfection in human skin keratinocyte NCTC-2544 cells. Results Klf5 expression was decreased to 23% of the controls in Klf5Δ/ΔCE corneas, which displayed increased fluorescein uptake, downregulation of tight junction proteins Tjp1 and Gkn1, desmosomal Dsg1a, and basement membrane Lama3 and Lamb1, suggesting defective permeability barrier. In transient transfection assays, KLF5 and OCT1 synergistically stimulated GKN1 promoter activity. Klf5Δ/ΔCE CE displayed significantly fewer cell layers and Ki67+ proliferative cells coupled with significantly decreased cyclin-D1, and elevated phospho(Ser-10) p27/Kip1 expression. Expression of Krt12, E-cadherin, and β-catenin remained unaltered in Klf5Δ/ΔCE corneas. Conclusions Klf5 contributes to adult mouse CE homeostasis by promoting (1) permeability barrier function through upregulation of Tjp1, Gkn1, Dsg1a, Lama3, and Lamb1, and (2) basal cell proliferation through upregulation of cyclin-D1 and suppression of phospho(Ser-10) p27/Kip1, without significantly affecting the expression of epithelial markers Krt12, E-cadherin, and β-catenin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Loughner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Anil Tiwari
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Doreswamy Kenchegowda
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Sudha Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Shivalingappa K Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States.,Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Swamynathan S, Loughner CL, Swamynathan SK. Inhibition of HUVEC tube formation via suppression of NFκB suggests an anti-angiogenic role for SLURP1 in the transparent cornea. Exp Eye Res 2017; 164:118-128. [PMID: 28803936 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have reported that the Secreted Ly6/uPAR related protein-1 (SLURP1) serves an important immunomodulatory function in the ocular surface. Here, we examine the involvement of SLURP1 in regulating corneal angiogenic privilege. Slurp1 expression detected by QPCR, immunoblots and immunofluorescent stain, was significantly decreased in mouse corneas subjected to alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization (CNV). Addition of exogenous SLURP1 (6XHis-tagged, E. coli expressed and partially purified using Ni-ion columns) significantly suppressed the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated human umbilical cord vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) tube formation. SLURP1 suppressed the HUVEC tube length, tube area and number of branch points, without affecting their viability and/or proliferation. Exogenous SLURP1 in HUVEC also suppressed the TNF-α-induced (i) interleukin-8 (IL-8) and TNF-α production, (ii) adhesion to different components of the extracellular matrix, (iii) migration, and (iv) nuclear localization of NFκB. Together, these results demonstrate that SLURP1 suppresses HUVEC tube formation by blocking nuclear translocation of NFκB, and suggest a potential role for SLURP1 in promoting corneal angiogenic privilege.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Chelsea L Loughner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Shivalingappa K Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA; McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA.
| |
Collapse
|