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Yang C, Mwangi SM, Balasubramaniam A, Li G, Merlin-Zhang O, Liu Y, Srinivasan S. Treatment of Obesity Through Glial Cell-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Lipid Nanoparticle Delivery in Mice. Gastro Hep Adv 2023; 3:38-47. [PMID: 38390283 PMCID: PMC10883424 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The overexpression of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the liver and adipose tissues offers strong protection against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. We hypothesize that sustainably enhancing GDNF expression in the liver may provide a therapeutic effect that can prevent the progression of HFD-induced obesity in mice. METHODS Expression lentivector encoding mouse GDNF (GDNF(pDNA) or empty vector (pDNA, control) were encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) using the thin-film hydration method. Mice were fed with regular diet (RD) or HFD for 20 weeks prior to injection and the GDNF and control vector-loaded LNPs were administered by intravenous (IV) injection to mice once weekly for 5 weeks. Changes in body weight were monitored and mice tissues were collected and imaged for fluorescence using an IVIS in vivo imaging system. Post-treatment abdominal fat weight, colon length, and spleen weight were obtained. GDNF protein levels in the liver and serum were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while liver AKT serine/threonine kinase and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation levels were evaluated by Western blotting. RESULTS IV-injected GDNF(pDNA)-loaded LNPs targeted the liver and remained in there for up to 15 days postinjection. A single injection of GDNF(pDNA)-loaded LNPs significantly increased GDNF expression for 7 days and consequently increased the levels of phosphorylated AKT serine/threonine kinase and AMP-activated protein kinase. Once weekly injections of GDNF(pDNA)-loaded LNPs for 5 weeks slowed increase in body weight, reduced abdominal fat, and modulated the gut microbiota toward a healthier composition in HFD-fed mice. CONCLUSION GDNF(pDNA)-loaded LNPs could potentially be developed as a therapeutic strategy to reverse weight gain in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Yang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Digestive Disease Research Group, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Simon Musyoka Mwangi
- Department of Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Arun Balasubramaniam
- Department of Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Yunshan Liu
- Department of Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Department of Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Balasubramaniam A, Srinivasan S. Role of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in the enteric nervous system in health and disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023:e14603. [PMID: 37094068 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) is a crucial protein that controls the immune system's reaction to bacterial and viral infections. As a pattern-recognition receptor, STING is found in immune cells as well as in neurons and glia in the enteric nervous system (ENS). Recent studies have linked STING to the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and gastrointestinal disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which are characterized by chronic inflammation and dysregulation of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in the digestive tract. STING plays a crucial role in the pathway that induces the production of interferon in response to viral infection in the central nervous system (CNS). A new study by Dharshika et al. in the current issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility has demonstrated distinct roles for STING in enteric neurons and glia, namely activation of STING leads to IFN-β production in enteric neurons but not in glia and reducing STING activation in enteric glia does not modulate the severity of Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis or subsequent loss of enteric neurons. Rather, the role of STING in enteric glia is related to enhancing autophagy. STING can influence gastrointestinal motility and barrier function and therefore be involved in the pathophysiology of IBS and IBD. This mini review highlights the current knowledge of STING in the pathophysiology of CNS and gastrointestinal diseases as well as these newly uncovered roles STING in enteric neurons and glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Balasubramaniam
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
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3
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Balasubramaniam A, Tedbury PR, Mwangi SM, Liu Y, Li G, Merlin D, Gracz AD, He P, Sarafianos SG, Srinivasan S. SARS-CoV-2 Induces Epithelial-Enteric Neuronal Crosstalk Stimulating VIP Release. Biomolecules 2023; 13:207. [PMID: 36830577 PMCID: PMC9953368 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhea is present in up to 30-50% of patients with COVID-19. The mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-induced diarrhea remains unclear. We hypothesized that enterocyte-enteric neuron interactions were important in SARS-CoV-2-induced diarrhea. SARS-CoV-2 induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in enterocytes causing the release of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The DAMPs then stimulate the release of enteric neurotransmitters that disrupt gut electrolyte homeostasis. METHODS Primary mouse enteric neurons (EN) were exposed to a conditioned medium from ACE2-expressing Caco-2 colonic epithelial cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 or treated with tunicamycin (ER stress inducer). Vasoactive intestinal peptides (VIP) expression and secretion by EN were assessed by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Membrane expression of NHE3 was determined by surface biotinylation. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 infection led to increased expression of BiP/GRP78, a marker and key regulator for ER stress in Caco-2 cells. Infected cells secreted the DAMP protein, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), into the culture media, as revealed by proteomic and Western analyses. The expression of VIP mRNA in EN was up-regulated after treatment with a conditioned medium of SARS-CoV-2-infected Caco-2 cells. CD91, a receptor for HSP70, is abundantly expressed in the cultured mouse EN. Tunicamycin, an inducer of ER stress, also induced the release of HSP70 and Xbp1s, mimicking SARS-CoV-2 infection. Co-treatment of Caco-2 with tunicamycin (apical) and VIP (basolateral) induced a synergistic decrease in membrane expression of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE3), an important transporter that mediates intestinal Na+/fluid absorption. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 enterocyte infection leads to ER stress and the release of DAMPs that up-regulates the expression and release of VIP by EN. VIP in turn inhibits fluid absorption through the downregulation of brush-border membrane expression of NHE3 in enterocytes. These data highlight the role of epithelial-enteric neuronal crosstalk in COVID-19-related diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Balasubramaniam
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- VA Medical Center Atlanta, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | | | - Simon M. Mwangi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- VA Medical Center Atlanta, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Yunshan Liu
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- VA Medical Center Atlanta, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Ge Li
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- VA Medical Center Atlanta, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Didier Merlin
- VA Medical Center Atlanta, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Digestive Disease Research Group, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Adam D. Gracz
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Peijian He
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- VA Medical Center Atlanta, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
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Ali M, Shah D, Coursey TG, Lee SM, Balasubramaniam A, Yadavalli T, Edward D, Son KN, Shukla D, Aakalu VK. Modulation of ocular surface desiccation in a murine model by histatin-5 application. Ocul Surf 2023; 27:30-37. [PMID: 36513277 PMCID: PMC10355159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the efficacy of Histatin-5 (Hst5) peptide treatment in ameliorating dry eye disease (DED) phenotype in an in-vivo mouse model of scopolamine and desiccating stress (SDS) dry eye. METHODS SDS was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by subcutaneous injections of scopolamine hydrobromide and exposure to low relative humidity and forced air draft for five days. Mouse eyes were topically treated with synthetic Hst5 peptide or balanced salt solution (BSS) twice a day for four days. Control mice were not exposed to SDS induction and did not receive any treatments. Oregon green dextran (OGD) staining was used to evaluate corneal permeability. Histologically, staining with periodic acid schiff (PAS), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), were used to quantify the number of goblet cells (GC), CD45+ immune cells and apoptotic cells respectively in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) mouse whole eye sections. RESULTS Compared to treatment with BSS, Hst5 treatment significantly lowered corneal epithelial permeability, prevented conjunctival epithelial GC loss, decreased conjunctival CD45+ immune cell infiltration and reduced conjunctival epithelial cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Hst5 peptide topical treatment significantly improves the clinical parameters observed in SDS experimental model of DED. This is the first report of the efficacy of Hst5 treatment of dry eye phenotype, and potential novel treatment for DED in the clinic. Hst5 represents a new class of efficacious therapeutic agents, demonstrating pro-epithelial and anti-inflammatory activities at the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Dhara Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | | | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Arun Balasubramaniam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Tejabhiram Yadavalli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Deepak Edward
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Kyung-No Son
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Vinay Kumar Aakalu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Mwangi SM, Li G, Balasubramaniam A, Merlin D, Dawson PA, Jang YC, Hart CM, Czaja MJ, Srinivasan S. Glial cell derived neurotrophic factor prevents western diet and palmitate-induced hepatocyte oxidative damage and death through SIRT3. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15838. [PMID: 36151131 PMCID: PMC9508117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20101-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with increased oxidative stress that leads to hepatocyte and mitochondrial damage. In this study we investigated the mechanisms involved in the induction of oxidative stress and impairment of mitochondrial quality control and mitophagy in hepatocytes by the saturated fatty acid palmitate and Western diet feeding in mice and if their harmful effects could be reversed by the neurotrophic factor glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Western diet (WD)-feeding increased hepatic lipid peroxidation in control mice and, in vitro palmitate induced oxidative stress and impaired the mitophagic clearance of damaged mitochondria in hepatocytes. This was accompanied by reductions in hepatocyte sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) deacetylase activity, gene expression and protein levels as well as in superoxide dismutase enzyme activity. These reductions were reversed in the liver of Western diet fed GDNF transgenic mice and in hepatocytes exposed to palmitate in the presence of GDNF. We demonstrate an important role for Western diet and palmitate in inducing oxidative stress and impairing mitophagy in hepatocytes and an ability of GDNF to prevent this. These findings suggest that GDNF or its agonists may be a potential therapy for the prevention or treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Musyoka Mwangi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St, Suite 201, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Ge Li
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St, Suite 201, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Arun Balasubramaniam
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St, Suite 201, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Didier Merlin
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Digestive Disease Research Group, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paul A Dawson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Young C Jang
- School of Biological Sciences and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Michael Hart
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark J Czaja
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St, Suite 201, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St, Suite 201, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA.
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van Gijn K, Zhao Y, Balasubramaniam A, de Wilt HA, Carlucci L, Langenhoff AAM, Rijnaarts HHM. The effect of organic matter fractions on micropollutant ozonation in wastewater effluents. Water Res 2022; 222:118933. [PMID: 35940156 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic matter (OM) is the most important factor influencing the effectivity and efficiency of micropollutant (MP) ozonation in wastewater effluents. The importance of the quantity of OM is known, because of this, total organic carbon (TOC) is generally used to determine the required ozone dose for any water sample. Still, the effect of OM type on MP ozonation is not well understood. In this study, effluents from five wastewater treatment plants were collected and the organic matter in these effluents was fractionated using membranes (F1-4) and resin (HI, HOA, HON and HOB). Fractions were diluted to the same TOC concentration, spiked with MPs and ozonated at three ozone doses. Our results show that all five effluents had comparable OM compositions and similar MP removal, confirming the suitability of OM quantity (TOC) to compare the ozone requirements for wastewater effluents. From the 19 analysed MPs, three groups were identified that showed similar removal behaviour. The strongest differences between the groups were observed around MP ozone reactivities of 102, 104 and 106 M-1 s-1. This indicates the presence of three OM groups in the samples that interfere with the removal of different MPs. MP removal in the resin fraction HON were higher for MPs with high and medium ozone reactivity, indicating a low interference of OM in this fraction with MP ozonation. OM in the resin fractions HOA and HI showed higher interference with MP ozonation. Therefore, removing the HOA and HI fractions prior to ozonation would result in a lower required ozone dose and a more efficient removal of the MPs. MP removal correlated with the OM characteristics A300, SR and fluorescence component comp 2. These characteristics can be used as inline tools to predict the required ozone dose in water treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- K van Gijn
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - A Balasubramaniam
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - H A de Wilt
- Royal HaskoningDHV, Amersfoort 3800 BC, the Netherlands
| | - L Carlucci
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - A A M Langenhoff
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700 AA, the Netherlands.
| | - H H M Rijnaarts
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700 AA, the Netherlands
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7
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Kao M, Yang J, Balasubramaniam A, Traisaeng S, Jackson Yang A, Yang JJ, Salamon BP, Herr DR, Huang C. Colonization of nasal cavities by
Staphylococcus epidermidis
mitigates SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid phosphoprotein‐induced interleukin (IL)‐6 in the lung. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:1984-1994. [PMID: 35426250 PMCID: PMC9111282 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) can trigger excessive interleukin (IL)‐6 signalling, leading to a myriad of biological effects including a cytokine storm that contributes to multiple organ failure in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Using a mouse model, we demonstrated that nasal inoculation of nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (NPP) of SARS‐CoV‐2 increased IL‐6 content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Nasal administration of liquid coco‐caprylate/caprate (LCC) onto Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis)‐colonized mice significantly attenuated NPP‐induced IL‐6. Furthermore, S. epidermidis‐mediated LCC fermentation to generate electricity and butyric acid that promoted bacterial colonization and activated free fatty acid receptor 2 (Ffar2) respectively. Inhibition of Ffar2 impeded the effect of S. epidermidis plus LCC on the reduction of NPP‐induced IL‐6. Collectively, these results suggest that nasal S. epidermidis is part of the first line of defence in ameliorating a cytokine storm induced by airway infection of SARS‐CoV‐2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Shan Kao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering National Central University Taoyuan 32001 Taiwan
| | - Jen‐Ho Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering National Central University Taoyuan 32001 Taiwan
| | - Arun Balasubramaniam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering National Central University Taoyuan 32001 Taiwan
| | | | - Albert Jackson Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering National Central University Taoyuan 32001 Taiwan
| | - John Jackson Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering National Central University Taoyuan 32001 Taiwan
| | | | - Deron R. Herr
- Department of Biology San Diego State University San Diego CA 92182 USA
| | - Chun‐Ming Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering National Central University Taoyuan 32001 Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environment Biology Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
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Son KN, Lee H, Shah D, Kalmodia S, Miller RC, Ali M, Balasubramaniam A, Cologna SM, Kong H, Shukla D, Aakalu VK. Histatin-1 is an endogenous ligand of the sigma-2 receptor. FEBS J 2021; 288:6815-6827. [PMID: 34233061 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Sigma-2 receptor (S2R) (a.k.a TMEM97) is an important endoplasmic reticular protein involved in cancer, cholesterol processing, cell migration, and neurodegenerative diseases, including Niemann-Pick Type C. While several S2R pharmacologic agents have been discovered, its recent (2017) cloning has limited biological investigation, and no endogenous ligands of the S2R are known. Histatins are a family of endogenous antimicrobial peptides that have numerous important effects in multiple biological systems, including antifungal, antibacterial, cancer pathogenesis, immunomodulation, and wound healing. Histatin-1 (Hst1) has important roles in epithelial wound healing and cell migration, and is the primary wound healing agent in saliva. Little is understood about the downstream machinery that underpins the effects of histatins, and no mammalian receptor is known to date. In this study, we show, using biophysical methods and functional assays, that Hst1 is an endogenous ligand for S2R and that S2R is a mammalian receptor for Hst1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-No Son
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Biophysics Core at Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dhara Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sushma Kalmodia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan Cree Miller
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Marwan Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arun Balasubramaniam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vinay Kumar Aakalu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
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9
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Marito S, Keshari S, Traisaeng S, My DTT, Balasubramaniam A, Adi P, Hsieh MF, Herr DR, Huang CM. Electricity-producing Staphylococcus epidermidis counteracts Cutibacterium acnes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12001. [PMID: 34099817 PMCID: PMC8184966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) ATCC 12228 was incubated with 2% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-8 Laurate to yield electricity which was measured by a voltage difference between electrodes. Production of electron was validated by a Ferrozine assay. The anti-Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) activity of electrogenic S. epidermidis was assessed in vitro and in vivo. The voltage change (~ 4.4 mV) reached a peak 60 min after pipetting S. epidermidis plus 2% PEG-8 Laurate onto anodes. The electricity produced by S. epidermidis caused significant growth attenuation and cell lysis of C. acnes. Intradermal injection of C. acnes and S. epidermidis plus PEG-8 Laurate into the mouse ear considerably suppressed the growth of C. acnes. This suppressive effect was noticeably reversed when cyclophilin A of S. epidermidis was inhibited, indicating the essential role of cyclophilin A in electricity production of S. epidermidis against C. acnes. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that skin S. epidermidis, in the presence of PEG-8 Laurate, can mediate cyclophilin A to elicit an electrical current that has anti-C. acnes effects. Electricity generated by S. epidermidis may confer immediate innate immunity in acne lesions to rein in the overgrowth of C. acnes at the onset of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinta Marito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sunita Keshari
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Do Thi Tra My
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Arun Balasubramaniam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Prakoso Adi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fa Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Chun-Ming Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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10
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Pham MT, Yang JJ, Balasubramaniam A, Rahim AR, Adi P, Do TTM, Herr DR, Huang CM. Leuconostoc mesenteroides mediates an electrogenic pathway to attenuate the accumulation of abdominal fat mass induced by high fat diet. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21916. [PMID: 33318546 PMCID: PMC7736347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78835-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several electrogenic bacteria have been identified, the physiological effect of electricity generated by bacteria on host health remains elusive. We found that probiotic Leuconostoc mesenteroides (L. mesenteroides) can metabolize linoleic acid to yield electricity via an intracellular cyclophilin A-dependent pathway. Inhibition of cyclophilin A significantly abolished bacterial electricity and lowered the adhesion of L. mesenteroides to the human gut epithelial cell line. Butyrate from L. mesenteroides in the presence of linoleic acid were detectable and mediated free fatty acid receptor 2 (Ffar2) to reduce the lipid contents in differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Oral administration of L. mesenteroides plus linoleic acid remarkably reduced high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced formation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) biomarker, and decreased abdominal fat mass in mice. The reduction of 4-HNE and abdominal fat mass was reversed when cyclophilin A inhibitor-pretreated bacteria were administered to mice. Our studies present a novel mechanism of reducing abdominal fat mass by electrogenic L. mesenteroides which may yield electrons to enhance colonization and sustain high amounts of butyrate to limit ROS during adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Tan Pham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - John Jackson Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Arun Balasubramaniam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Adelia Riezka Rahim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Prakoso Adi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Thi Tra My Do
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Deron Raymond Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chun-Ming Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
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11
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Balasubramaniam A, Adi P, Tra My DT, Keshari S, Sankar R, Chen CL, Huang CM. Repurposing INCI-registered compounds as skin prebiotics for probiotic Staphylococcus epidermidis against UV-B. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21585. [PMID: 33299009 PMCID: PMC7725810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Repurposing existing compounds for new indications may facilitate the discovery of skin prebiotics which have not been well defined. Four compounds that have been registered by the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) were included to study their abilities to induce the fermentation of Staphylococcusepidermidis (S. epidermidis), a bacterial species abundant in the human skin. Liquid coco-caprylate/caprate (LCC), originally used as an emollient, effectively initiated the fermentation of S. epidermidis ATCC 12228, produced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and provoked robust electricity. Application of LCC plus electrogenic S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 on mouse skin significantly reduced ultraviolet B (UV-B)-induced injuries which were evaluated by the formation of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), and skin lesions. A S. epidermidis S2 isolate with low expressions of genes encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdh), and phosphate acetyltransferase (pta) was found to be poorly electrogenic. The protective action of electrogenic S. epidermidis against UV-B-induced skin injuries was considerably suppressed when mouse skin was applied with LCC in combination with a poorly electrogenic S. epidermidis S2 isolate. Exploring new indication of LCC for promoting S. epidermidis against UV-B provided an example of repurposing INCI-registered compounds as skin prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Balasubramaniam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Prakoso Adi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Do Thi Tra My
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sunita Keshari
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Raman Sankar
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lung Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Landseed International Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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12
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Balasubramaniam A, Keshari S, Adi P, Huang CM. Abstract B22: The human skin bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis ameliorates UVB-induced free radicals through reduction of labile iron. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.mvc2020-b22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
UVB-induced skin damage results in various inflammatory disorders through the induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that quickly inundate tissue antioxidants and chronic disorders; in severe cases it can lead to skin cancer. We investigated efficacies of human skin commensal bacteria S. epidermidis (ATCC12228) with glycerol, which on fermentation produces electrons. In vivo affirmation on ICR mice has confirmed the antioxidative role of topically applied S. epidermidis with glycerol against UVB irradiation and maintained sufficient expression of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), a major biomarker for lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Upon UVB irradiation in keratinocyte cell lines treated with glycerol mediated S. epidermidis fermentation product show the reduced intracellular oxidative stress. S. epidermidis or glycerol alone in In vivo topical application in mice skin and in vitro fermentation product treatment in keratinocytes does not influence the level of oxidative stress. Further electrochemical behavior of glycerol mediated S. epidermidis fermented medium found to produce electron transfer; this result suggests the electrogenic and antioxidant property of S. epidermidis. The electrons produced by S. epidermidis fermentation product initiate reduction of free radicals by converting toxic Fe3+ (ferric ion) back to nontoxic Fe2+ (ferrous ion); thereby it terminates Fenton’s reaction and maintains iron hemostasis. The novel pathway linking electrons produced by probiotic skin bacteria and iron metabolism has been further analyzed.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.
Citation Format: Arun Balasubramaniam, Sunita Keshari, Prakaso Adi, Chun-Ming Huang. The human skin bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis ameliorates UVB-induced free radicals through reduction of labile iron [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Microbiome, Viruses, and Cancer; 2020 Feb 21-24; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(8 Suppl):Abstract nr B22.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Prakaso Adi
- National Central University, Zhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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13
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Shah D, Son KN, Kalmodia S, Lee BS, Ali M, Balasubramaniam A, Shukla D, Aakalu VK. Wound Healing Properties of Histatin-5 and Identification of a Functional Domain Required for Histatin-5-Induced Cell Migration. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020; 17:709-716. [PMID: 32346548 PMCID: PMC7178547 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Histatin peptides are endogenous anti-microbial peptides that were originally discovered in the saliva. Aside from their broad anti-microbial properties, these peptides play an important role in multiple biological systems. Different members of this family are thought to have relative specializations, with histatin-5 originally being thought to have mostly anti-fungal properties, and histatin-1 having strong wound healing properties. In this report, we describe the robust wound healing properties of histatin-5 and elucidate a functional domain, which is necessary and sufficient for promoting wound healing. We demonstrate these findings in multiple different cell types in vitro and with a standardized murine corneal wound healing model. Discovery of this wound healing domain and description of this functional role of histatin-5 will support developing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhara Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kyung-No Son
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sushma Kalmodia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bao-Shiang Lee
- Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marwan Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arun Balasubramaniam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vinay Kumar Aakalu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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14
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Kalmodia S, Son KN, Cao D, Lee BS, Surenkhuu B, Shah D, Ali M, Balasubramaniam A, Jain S, Aakalu VK. Presence of Histatin-1 in Human Tears and Association with Aqueous Deficient Dry Eye Diagnosis: A Preliminary Study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10304. [PMID: 31311993 PMCID: PMC6635511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine if histatin-1 (H1) is present in normal human tears and whether tear levels of H1 varied between normal patients and those with aqueous deficient dry eye disease (ADDE). Patient samples were obtained from 11 normal patients and 11 severe ADDE patients. Relevant patient characteristics, including age, sex, and dry eye disease (DED) diagnostic parameters were collected. Multiple qualitative and quantitative methods were used to compare the concentration of H1 between patient groups. Mixed linear modeling was used to compare H1 levels between groups, and diagnostic performance was assessed using the receiver-operator-characteristic (ROC). ADDE patients had significantly lower H1 concentrations (85.9 ± 63.7 ng/ml) than the normal group (891.6 ± 196.5 ng/ml) (p < 0.001), while controlling for age and sex. ROC analysis indicated that H1 concentration is potentially a biomarker for ADDE (area under curve = 0.96). Reclassification of patients by DED parameters including, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) (≤13, >13) and Schirmer I (without anesthesia) (<10 mm, ≥10 mm) showed significant differences in H1 level (OSDI, p = 0.004) and Schirmer I ((p = 0.010). In conclusion, this is the first preliminary report of the presence of H1 in human tears. H1 concentrations are lower in ADDE patients and H1 may have diagnostic potential in evaluation ADDE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Kalmodia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Kyung-No Son
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Dingcai Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Bao-Shiang Lee
- Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Bayasgalan Surenkhuu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Dhara Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Marwan Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Arun Balasubramaniam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Sandeep Jain
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Vinay Kumar Aakalu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA.
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15
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Keshari S, Kumar M, Balasubramaniam A, Chang TW, Tong Y, Huang CM. Prospects of acne vaccines targeting secreted virulence factors of Cutibacterium acnes. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:433-437. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1593830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Keshari
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Arun Balasubramaniam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun Tong
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Chun-Ming Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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16
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Velu G, Singh RP, Crespo-Herrera L, Juliana P, Dreisigacker S, Valluru R, Stangoulis J, Sohu VS, Mavi GS, Mishra VK, Balasubramaniam A, Chatrath R, Gupta V, Singh GP, Joshi AK. Genetic dissection of grain zinc concentration in spring wheat for mainstreaming biofortification in CIMMYT wheat breeding. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13526. [PMID: 30201978 PMCID: PMC6131222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is an important staple that acts as a primary source of dietary energy, protein, and essential micronutrients such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) for the world’s population. Approximately two billion people suffer from micronutrient deficiency, thus breeders have crossed high Zn progenitors such as synthetic hexaploid wheat, T. dicoccum, T. spelta, and landraces to generate wheat varieties with competitive yield and enhanced grain Zn that are being adopted by farmers in South Asia. Here we report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the wheat Illumina iSelect 90 K Infinitum SNP array to characterize grain Zn concentrations in 330 bread wheat lines. Grain Zn phenotype of this HarvestPlus Association Mapping (HPAM) panel was evaluated across a range of environments in India and Mexico. GWAS analysis revealed 39 marker-trait associations for grain Zn. Two larger effect QTL regions were found on chromosomes 2 and 7. Candidate genes (among them zinc finger motif of transcription-factors and metal-ion binding genes) were associated with the QTL. The linked markers and associated candidate genes identified in this study are being validated in new biparental mapping populations for marker-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindan Velu
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico, D.F., Apdo Postal 6-641, Mexico.
| | - Ravi Prakash Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico, D.F., Apdo Postal 6-641, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Crespo-Herrera
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico, D.F., Apdo Postal 6-641, Mexico
| | - Philomin Juliana
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico, D.F., Apdo Postal 6-641, Mexico
| | - Susanne Dreisigacker
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico, D.F., Apdo Postal 6-641, Mexico
| | - Ravi Valluru
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico, D.F., Apdo Postal 6-641, Mexico.,Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - James Stangoulis
- Flinders University, School of Biological Sciences, Adelaide, 5001, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Ravish Chatrath
- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, India
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, India
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17
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Reynolds MP, Pask AJD, Hoppitt WJE, Sonder K, Sukumaran S, Molero G, Pierre CS, Payne T, Singh RP, Braun HJ, Gonzalez FG, Terrile II, Barma NCD, Hakim A, He Z, Fan Z, Novoselovic D, Maghraby M, Gad KIM, Galal EG, Hagras A, Mohamed MM, Morad AFA, Kumar U, Singh GP, Naik R, Kalappanavar IK, Biradar S, Sai Prasad SV, Chatrath R, Sharma I, Panchabhai K, Sohu VS, Mavi GS, Mishra VK, Balasubramaniam A, Jalal-Kamali MR, Khodarahmi M, Dastfal M, Tabib-Ghaffari SM, Jafarby J, Nikzad AR, Moghaddam HA, Ghojogh H, Mehraban A, Solís-Moya E, Camacho-Casas MA, Figueroa-López P, Ireta-Moreno J, Alvarado-Padilla JI, Borbón-Gracia A, Torres A, Quiche YN, Upadhyay SR, Pandey D, Imtiaz M, Rehman MU, Hussain M, Hussain M, Ud-Din R, Qamar M, Sohail M, Mujahid MY, Ahmad G, Khan AJ, Sial MA, Mustatea P, von Well E, Ncala M, de Groot S, Hussein AHA, Tahir ISA, Idris AAM, Elamein HMM, Manes Y, Joshi AK. Correction to: Strategic crossing of biomass and harvest index-source and sink-achieves genetic gains in wheat. Euphytica 2018; 214:9. [PMID: 31187787 DOI: 10.1007/s10681-017-2040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s10681-017-2040-z.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Reynolds
- 1International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo, 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF Mexico
| | - Alistair J D Pask
- 1International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo, 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF Mexico
| | | | - Kai Sonder
- 1International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo, 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF Mexico
| | - Sivakumar Sukumaran
- 1International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo, 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF Mexico
| | - Gemma Molero
- 1International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo, 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF Mexico
| | - Carolina Saint Pierre
- 1International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo, 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF Mexico
| | - Thomas Payne
- 1International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo, 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF Mexico
| | - Ravi P Singh
- 1International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo, 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF Mexico
| | - Hans J Braun
- 1International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo, 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF Mexico
| | | | - Ignacio I Terrile
- 3Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Pergamino, Argentina
| | - Naresh C D Barma
- 4Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Hakim
- 4Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | | | - Zheru Fan
- 6Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Wulumuqi, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Adel Hagras
- Field Crops Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | - Rudra Naik
- 12University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | | | - Suma Biradar
- 12University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | | | - Ravish Chatrath
- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Indu Sharma
- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ernesto Solís-Moya
- 21Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Camacho-Casas
- 21Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Pedro Figueroa-López
- 21Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Javier Ireta-Moreno
- 21Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Alberto Borbón-Gracia
- 21Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Deepak Pandey
- Nepal Agriculture Research Council, Bhairahawa, Nepal
| | | | | | - Manzoor Hussain
- Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Makhdoom Hussain
- 26Wheat Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ud-Din
- Crop Sciences Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maqsood Qamar
- Crop Sciences Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Crop Sciences Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Y Mujahid
- Crop Sciences Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gulzar Ahmad
- Cereal Crop Research Institute, Nowshera-Pirsabak, Pakistan
| | - Abdul J Khan
- Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Tarnab-Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Pompiliu Mustatea
- National Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Fundulea, Romania
| | | | - Moses Ncala
- Small Grain Institute, Bethlehem, South Africa
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18
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Reynolds MP, Pask AJD, Hoppitt WJE, Sonder K, Sukumaran S, Molero G, Pierre CS, Payne T, Singh RP, Braun HJ, Gonzalez FG, Terrile II, Barma NCD, Hakim A, He Z, Fan Z, Novoselovic D, Maghraby M, Gad KIM, Galal EG, Hagras A, Mohamed MM, Morad AFA, Kumar U, Singh GP, Naik R, Kalappanavar IK, Biradar S, Sai Prasad SV, Chatrath R, Sharma I, Panchabhai K, Sohu VS, Mavi GS, Mishra VK, Balasubramaniam A, Jalal-Kamali MR, Khodarahmi M, Dastfal M, Tabib-Ghaffari SM, Jafarby J, Nikzad AR, Moghaddam HA, Ghojogh H, Mehraban A, Solís-Moya E, Camacho-Casas MA, Figueroa-López P, Ireta-Moreno J, Alvarado-Padilla JI, Borbón-Gracia A, Torres A, Quiche YN, Upadhyay SR, Pandey D, Imtiaz M, Rehman MU, Hussain M, Hussain M, Ud-Din R, Qamar M, Sohail M, Mujahid MY, Ahmad G, Khan AJ, Sial MA, Mustatea P, von Well E, Ncala M, de Groot S, Hussein AHA, Tahir ISA, Idris AAM, Elamein HMM, Manes Y, Joshi AK. Correction to: Strategic crossing of biomass and harvest index-source and sink-achieves genetic gains in wheat. Euphytica 2017; 214:9. [PMID: 31187787 PMCID: PMC6445510 DOI: 10.1007/s10681-017-2086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s10681-017-2040-z.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo, 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF Mexico
| | - Alistair J. D. Pask
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo, 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF Mexico
| | | | - Kai Sonder
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo, 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF Mexico
| | - Sivakumar Sukumaran
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo, 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF Mexico
| | - Gemma Molero
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo, 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF Mexico
| | - Carolina Saint Pierre
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo, 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF Mexico
| | - Thomas Payne
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo, 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF Mexico
| | - Ravi P. Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo, 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF Mexico
| | - Hans J. Braun
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo, 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Abdul Hakim
- Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | | | - Zheru Fan
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Wulumuqi, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Adel Hagras
- Field Crops Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | - Rudra Naik
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | | | - Suma Biradar
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | | | - Ravish Chatrath
- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Indu Sharma
- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ernesto Solís-Moya
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Pedro Figueroa-López
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Javier Ireta-Moreno
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Alberto Borbón-Gracia
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Deepak Pandey
- Nepal Agriculture Research Council, Bhairahawa, Nepal
| | | | | | - Manzoor Hussain
- Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Makhdoom Hussain
- Wheat Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ud-Din
- Crop Sciences Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maqsood Qamar
- Crop Sciences Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Crop Sciences Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Y. Mujahid
- Crop Sciences Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gulzar Ahmad
- Cereal Crop Research Institute, Nowshera-Pirsabak, Pakistan
| | - Abdul J. Khan
- Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Tarnab-Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Pompiliu Mustatea
- National Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Fundulea, Romania
| | | | - Moses Ncala
- Small Grain Institute, Bethlehem, South Africa
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Velu G, Crossa J, Singh RP, Hao Y, Dreisigacker S, Perez-Rodriguez P, Joshi AK, Chatrath R, Gupta V, Balasubramaniam A, Tiwari C, Mishra VK, Sohu VS, Mavi GS. Genomic prediction for grain zinc and iron concentrations in spring wheat. Theor Appl Genet 2016; 129:1595-605. [PMID: 27170319 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-016-2726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Predictability estimated through cross-validation approach showed moderate to high level; hence, genomic selection approach holds great potential for biofortification breeding to enhance grain zinc and iron concentrations in wheat. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major staple crop, providing 20 % of dietary energy and protein consumption worldwide. It is an important source of mineral micronutrients such as zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) for resource poor consumers. Genomic selection (GS) approaches have great potential to accelerate development of Fe- and Zn-enriched wheat. Here, we present the results of large-scale genomic and phenotypic data from the HarvestPlus Association Mapping (HPAM) panel consisting of 330 diverse wheat lines to perform genomic predictions for grain Zn (GZnC) and Fe (GFeC) concentrations, thousand-kernel weight (TKW) and days to maturity (DTM) in wheat. The HPAM lines were phenotyped in three different locations in India and Mexico in two successive crop seasons (2011-12 and 2012-13) for GZnC, GFeC, TKW and DTM. The genomic prediction models revealed that the estimated prediction abilities ranged from 0.331 to 0.694 for Zn and from 0.324 to 0.734 for Fe according to different environments, whereas prediction abilities for TKW and DTM were as high as 0.76 and 0.64, respectively, suggesting that GS holds great potential in biofortification breeding to enhance grain Zn and Fe concentrations in bread wheat germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindan Velu
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo postal 6-641, Mexico, DF, Mexico.
| | - Jose Crossa
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo postal 6-641, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Ravi P Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo postal 6-641, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Yuanfeng Hao
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo postal 6-641, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Susanne Dreisigacker
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo postal 6-641, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | | | - Arun K Joshi
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), South Asia Office, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ravish Chatrath
- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana, India
| | | | - Chhavi Tiwari
- Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod K Mishra
- Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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20
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Anandh U, Golla S, Balasubramaniam A. Mixed acid-base disorder secondary to topiramate use in traumatic brain injury. Indian J Nephrol 2016; 26:452-454. [PMID: 27942179 PMCID: PMC5131386 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.177136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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21
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Saravanajayam M, Kumanan K, Balasubramaniam A. Seroepidemiology of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis infection in unvaccinated cattle. Vet World 2015; 8:1416-9. [PMID: 27047054 PMCID: PMC4774820 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.1416-1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to investigate the seroepidemiology of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) infection in the non-vaccinated cattle population in northern part of Tamil Nadu, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 255 sera samples were collected from cattle having the history of respiratory and reproductive disorder from cattle of different age, breeds, and sex. All the sera samples were subjected to indirect ELISA for the diagnosis of IBR antibodies. RESULTS Results revealed that the seroprevalence of IBR infection among non-vaccinated cattle population was of 65.88%. No significant difference was noticed in the prevalence of IBR infection between cattle showing respiratory (63.64%) and reproductive form (70.89%) (p≥0.05). A higher prevalence was noticed in animals above 3 years of age (59.60%) and in crossbred animals (71.26%) than young and non-descript animals. This study showed the higher prevalence of IBR infection in female (67.92%) than in male (33.33%). CONCLUSION Cattle population in this part can better be protected with vaccination than leaving them unvaccinated and sero-monitoring shall have to be stressed with regular attempts to isolate and characterize the causative agent for IBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Saravanajayam
- Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Perambalur - 621 220, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Kumanan
- Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai - 600 051, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. Balasubramaniam
- Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Perambalur - 621 220, Tamil Nadu, India
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Velu G, Singh R, Balasubramaniam A, Mishra VK, Chand R, Tiwari C, Joshi A, Virk P, Cherian B, Pfeiffer W. Reaching out to Farmers with High Zinc Wheat Varieties through Public-Private Partnerships – An Experience from Eastern-Gangetic Plains of India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.17140/aftnsoj-1-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Balasubramaniam A, John N. Effectivenss of motor control exercise on psychological variable on chronic low back pain in laptop users. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Balasubramaniam A, Arthanari Eswaran M, Suresh P, Sukumar K. Detection of tetracycline resistance determinant tetA gene and antimicrobial resistance pattern in Escherichia coli isolates recovered from healthy layer chickens. Vet World 2014. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.635-638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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25
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Shankar M, Balasubramaniam A, Gowrishankar NL, Mahendran S. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Bis-Indolyl (3-O-Benzyl-1,2-O-Isopropylidenexylopentadialdose-α-D-Glucofuranose). Pharm Chem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-014-1071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Balasubramaniam A, Mohangandhi V, Sambandamoorthy AK. Role of myofascial release therapy on pain and lumbar range of motion in mechanical back pain: An exploratory investigation of desk job workers. Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences 2014. [DOI: 10.4103/1947-489x.210367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: Low back pain is the most common cause of work related disability in persons aged less than 45 years. Workers who sit in front of the computer for more than 40 hours per week end up with low back pain. Bad positioning of the body parts in a single day doesn’t make poor postures, whereas adaptation of the incorrect posture for a longer duration results in weak muscles and postural problems. Abnormal posture results in pain, disability and muscle weakness. Most of the management of low back pain focuses on the rehabilitation of the pain and very few studies focus on work station corrections. Aim: This study aims to find out the effect of work station modification with Myofascial release therapy on pain and lumbar flexion range of motion in mechanical low back pain in desk job workers. Methods: Forty subjects were included using simple random sampling method, subjects were chosen following an inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group A, underwent myofascial release therapy, whereas group B underwent myofascial release therapy technique with work station modification. The outcome measures were pain and range of motion of lumbar spine, which measured using visual analogue scale and modified schober’s method. Student ‘t’ test was used to find out the difference between the groups. Results: This study showed that there was a significant difference between the group A & group B. Conclusion: The study concludes that the work station modification along with myofascial release therapy was very effective in improving range of motion, and reducing pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Balasubramaniam
- K. G. College of Physiotherapy, K. G. Hospital and Postgraduate Medical Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Velusamy Mohangandhi
- K. G. College of Physiotherapy, K. G. Hospital and Postgraduate Medical Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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27
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Raj CN, Balasubramaniam A, Nadeem S. Effect of various extracts of Tabernaemontana divaricata on haloperidol induced catalepsy in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3329/icpj.v3i3.17891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Parkinsons disease (PD) is one of the neurodegenerative diseases with selective loss of dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. In the present study, anti-cataleptic activity of Tabernaemontana divaricata leaves extracts viz. aqueous and ethanolic at different doses (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg i.p.) were studied using haloperidol (1 mg/kg, i.p.) induced catalepsy in rats which is a useful animal model for screening drugs for Parkinsons disease. Both the extracts were found to reduce catalepsy significantly (P<0.001) as compared to the haloperidol treated rats showing greater effect at 150 mg/kg i.p. dose. Thus the present study reveals the anti-cataleptic activity of Tabernaemontana divaricata evaluating the traditional folklore medicinal use of the plant.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i3.17891 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, February 2014, 3(3): 240-242
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Shankar M, Balasubramaniam A, Gowrishankar NL, Mahendran S. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Bis-Indolyl (3-O-Benzyl-1,2-O-Isopropylidenexylopentadialdose-α-D-Glucofuranose). Pharm Chem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-014-1001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Balasubramaniam A, Sukumar K, Suresh P, Puvarajan B. Molecular characterisation of membrane glycoprotein and 5b protein of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus. Vet World 2013. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2013.857-861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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30
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Balasubramaniam A, Gopalakrishnamurthy T, Sivaseelan S, Balasubramaniam G, Rajeswar J. Evaluation of an inactivated vaccine for nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus. Vet World 2013. [DOI: 10.5455/vetworld.2013.134-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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31
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Selvaraju G, Balasubramaniam A, Rajendran D, Kannan D, Geetha M. Multiple linear regression model for forecasting Bluetongue disease outbreak in sheep of North-west agroclimatic zone of Tamil Nadu, India. Vet World 2013. [DOI: 10.5455/vetworld.2013.321-324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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32
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Shankar M, Balasubramaniam A, Gowrishankar NL, Mahendran S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new bis-indolyl (3-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidenexylopentadialdose-α-D-glucofuranose). Pharm Chem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-012-0804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Srividya MR, Thota B, Arivazhagan A, Thennarasu K, Balasubramaniam A, Chandramouli BA, Hegde AS, Santosh V. Age-dependent prognostic effects of EGFR/p53 alterations in glioblastoma: study on a prospective cohort of 140 uniformly treated adult patients. J Clin Pathol 2011; 63:687-91. [PMID: 20702468 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2009.074898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the prognostic influence of EGFR amplification/overexpression, p53 immunoreactivity and their age-dependent prognostic effects in a large prospective cohort of uniformly treated adult patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. METHODS Tumours from a uniformly treated prospective cohort of adult patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (n=140) were examined for EGFR amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridisation and EGFR/p53 expression by immunohistochemistry. Statistical methods were employed to assess the degree of association between EGFR amplification/overexpression and p53 immunopositivity. Survival analyses were performed by employing Cox proportional hazard models to assess the independent prognostic value of EGFR/p53 alterations and test the propensity for risk with age by assessing their interaction with patient age. RESULTS A strong positive correlation between EGFR amplification and EGFR overexpression (rho=0.5157; p<0.0001; CI 0.3783 to 0.6309) and a negative association of EGFR amplification (rho=-0.3417; p<0.0001; CI -0.4842 to -0.1816) and EGFR overexpression (rho=-0.3095; p<0.001; CI -0.4561 to -0.1465) with p53 immunopositivity was observed. Only patient age (HR: 1.029; p=0.004; CI 1.009 to 1.049) was associated with shorter survival by univariate Cox regression analysis. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models revealed a statistically significant interaction between EGFR overexpression and age to be associated with shorter survival (HR: 1.001; p<0.0001; CI 1.000 to 1.002), thus predicting a higher hazard with increasing age. No age interaction of EGFR amplification status (HR: 1.001; p=0.642; CI 0.995 to 1.008) and p53 immunopositivity (HR: 1.000; p=0.841; CI 0.999 to 1.001) was noted in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS The prognostic value of EGFR overexpression is age-dependent, and there is a propensity for a higher hazard with increasing patient age. Identifying such groups of patients with more aggressive disease becomes mandatory, since they would benefit from intense therapeutic protocols targeting EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Srividya
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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34
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Parker MS, Sah R, Balasubramaniam A, Sallee FR, Zerbe O, Parker SL. Non-specific binding and general cross-reactivity of Y receptor agonists are correlated and should importantly depend on their acidic sectors. Peptides 2011; 32:258-65. [PMID: 21126552 PMCID: PMC3025077 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-specific binding of Y receptor agonists to intact CHO cells, and to CHO cell or rat brain particulates, is much greater for human neuropeptide Y (hNPY) compared to porcine peptide Y (pPYY), and especially relative to human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP). This binding of hNPY is reduced by alkali cations in preference to non-ionic chaotrope urea, while the much lower non-specific binding of pPYY is more sensitive to urea. The difference could mainly be due to the 10-16 stretch in 36-residue Y agonists (residues 8-14 in N-terminally clipped 34-peptides), located in the sector that contains all acidic residues of physiological Y agonists. Anionic pairs containing aspartate in the 10-16 zone could be principally responsible for non-specific attachments, but may also aid the receptor site binding. Two such pairs are found in hNPY, one in pPYY, and none in hPP. The hydroxyl amino acid residue at position 13 in mammalian PYY and PP molecules could lower conformational plasticity and the non-selective binding via intrachain hydrogen bonding. The acidity of this tract could also be important in agonist selectivity of the Y receptor subtypes. The differences point to an evolutionary reduction of promiscuous protein binding from NPY to PP, and should also be important for Y agonist selectivity within NPY receptor group, and correlate with partial agonism and out-of group cross-reactivity with other receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Parker
- Department. of Molecular Cell Sciences, Univ. of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - R. Sah
- Department of Surgery, Univ. of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - A. Balasubramaniam
- Department of Psychiatry, Univ. of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - F. R. Sallee
- Department of Surgery, Univ. of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - O. Zerbe
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Univ. of Basel, Basel, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - S. L. Parker
- Department of Pharmacology, Univ. of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmacology, UTHSC Memphis, Memphis TN 38163, USA,
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35
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Bogdahn U, Hau P, Stockhammer G, Venkataramana NK, Mahapatra AK, Suri A, Balasubramaniam A, Nair S, Oliushine V, Parfenov V, Poverennova I, Zaaroor M, Jachimczak P, Ludwig S, Schmaus S, Heinrichs H, Schlingensiepen KH. Targeted therapy for high-grade glioma with the TGF-β2 inhibitor trabedersen: results of a randomized and controlled phase IIb study. Neuro Oncol 2010; 13:132-42. [PMID: 20980335 PMCID: PMC3018908 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noq142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This randomized, open-label, active-controlled, dose-finding phase IIb study evaluated the efficacy and safety of trabedersen (AP 12009) administered intratumorally by convection-enhanced delivery compared with standard chemotherapy in patients with recurrent/refractory high-grade glioma. One hundred and forty-five patients with central reference histopathology of recurrent/refractory glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) or anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) were randomly assigned to receive trabedersen at doses of 10 or 80 µM or standard chemotherapy (temozolomide or procarbazine/lomustine/vincristine). Primary endpoint was 6-month tumor control rate, and secondary endpoints included response at further timepoints, survival, and safety. Six-month tumor control rates were not significantly different in the entire study population (AA and GBM). Prespecified AA subgroup analysis showed a significant benefit regarding the 14-month tumor control rate for 10 µM trabedersen vs chemotherapy (p= .0032). The 2-year survival rate had a trend for superiority for 10 µM trabedersen vs chemotherapy (p = .10). Median survival for 10 µM trabedersen was 39.1 months compared with 35.2 months for 80 µM trabedersen and 21.7 months for chemotherapy (not significant). In GBM patients, response and survival results were comparable among the 3 arms. Exploratory analysis on GBM patients aged ≤55 years with Karnofsky performance status >80% at baseline indicated a 3-fold survival at 2 and 3 years for 10 µM trabedersen vs chemotherapy. The frequency of patients with related or possibly drug-related adverse events was higher with standard chemotherapy (64%) than with 80 µM trabedersen (43%) and 10 µM trabedersen (27%). Superior efficacy and safety for 10 µM trabedersen over 80 µM trabedersen and chemotherapy and positive risk–benefit assessment suggest it as the optimal dose for further clinical development in high-grade glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Bogdahn
- University of Regensburg Medical School, Department of Neurology, Universitätsstr. 84, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Parker MS, Sah R, Balasubramaniam A, Sallee FR, Sweatman T, Park EA, Parker SL. Dimers of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y2 receptor show asymmetry in agonist affinity and association with G proteins. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2009; 28:437-51. [PMID: 18946765 DOI: 10.1080/10799890802447423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In conditions precluding activation of G proteins, the binding of agonists to dimers of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y2 receptor shows two components of similar size, but differing in affinity. The dimers of all NPY receptors are solubilized as approximately 180-kDa complexes containing one G protein alpha beta gamma trimer. These heteropentamers are stable to excess agonists, chelators, and alkylators. However, dispersion in the weak surfactant cholate releases approximately 300-kDa complexes. These findings indicate that both protomers in the Y2 dimer are associated with G protein heterotrimers, but the extent of interaction depends on affinity for the agonist peptide. The G protein in contact with the first-liganded, higher-affinity protomer should have a stronger interaction with the receptor and a larger probability of activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Parker
- Department of Molecular Cell Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
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Bogdahn U, Schneider T, Oliushine V, Parfenov V, Mahapatra AK, Balasubramaniam A, Venkataramana N, Stockhammer G, Heinrichs H, Schlingensiepen K. Randomized, active-controlled phase IIb study with trabedersen (AP 12009) in recurrent or refractory high-grade glioma patients: Basis for phase III endpoints. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2037 Background: High-grade gliomas (HGG) strongly overexpress TGF-beta 2. Trabedersen (AP 12009), a TGF-beta 2-specific inhibitor, was successfully tested in 3 Phase I/II studies in recurrent or refractory HGG. Methods: The Phase IIb study AP 12009-G004 was an open-label, randomized, active-controlled dose-finding study. Main objectives: to compare response rate, survival, and safety of 2 doses of trabedersen (10 μM or 80 μM) vs. standard chemotherapy (TMZ or PCV). 145 patients with recurrent or refractory HGG (AA WHO grade III or GBM WHO grade IV) were randomized and 134 patients (AA = 39; GBM = 95) received study medication. Trabedersen was given intratumorally by convection-enhanced delivery. Results: AA and GBM patients in both trabedersen groups had long-lasting tumor responses (currently up to 4 years). AA: (10 μM trabedersen vs. control): significantly better overall response rate was noted at 14 months (CR+PR; p=0.034*) and lower tumor progression rates at 6, 12 and 14 months; difference at 14 months was statistically significant (p=0.003*). 2-year survival rate was 2-fold higher (p=0.088**). Tumor progression rate at 14 months and 2-year survival rate correlated with a median overall survival benefit of 17.4 months. GBM: 10 μM trabedersen was as efficacious as standard chemotherapy in all patients. It was clearly superior regarding 2-year survival in the pre-specified subgroup of patients younger than 55 years and the subgroup with a KPS > 80. The superior long-term survival of trabedersen-treated AA and GBM patients was the basis for extending the follow-up period of this Phase IIb study. Conclusions: Based on Phase IIb results, the pivotal Phase III study SAPPHIRE in recurrent or refractory AA patients has started. Primary efficacy endpoint is 2-year survival rate; secondary endpoints are progression rate at 14 months, time to death, quality of life, safety and tolerability. A separate study in GBM is being planned. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Bogdahn
- Klinik und Poliklinik fur Neurologie, Regensburg, Germany; University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany; Polenov Neurosurgery Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; National Institute of Mental Health/Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India; University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Antisense Pharma GmbH, Regensburg, Germany
| | - T. Schneider
- Klinik und Poliklinik fur Neurologie, Regensburg, Germany; University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany; Polenov Neurosurgery Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; National Institute of Mental Health/Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India; University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Antisense Pharma GmbH, Regensburg, Germany
| | - V. Oliushine
- Klinik und Poliklinik fur Neurologie, Regensburg, Germany; University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany; Polenov Neurosurgery Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; National Institute of Mental Health/Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India; University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Antisense Pharma GmbH, Regensburg, Germany
| | - V. Parfenov
- Klinik und Poliklinik fur Neurologie, Regensburg, Germany; University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany; Polenov Neurosurgery Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; National Institute of Mental Health/Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India; University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Antisense Pharma GmbH, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A. K. Mahapatra
- Klinik und Poliklinik fur Neurologie, Regensburg, Germany; University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany; Polenov Neurosurgery Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; National Institute of Mental Health/Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India; University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Antisense Pharma GmbH, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A. Balasubramaniam
- Klinik und Poliklinik fur Neurologie, Regensburg, Germany; University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany; Polenov Neurosurgery Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; National Institute of Mental Health/Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India; University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Antisense Pharma GmbH, Regensburg, Germany
| | - N. Venkataramana
- Klinik und Poliklinik fur Neurologie, Regensburg, Germany; University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany; Polenov Neurosurgery Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; National Institute of Mental Health/Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India; University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Antisense Pharma GmbH, Regensburg, Germany
| | - G. Stockhammer
- Klinik und Poliklinik fur Neurologie, Regensburg, Germany; University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany; Polenov Neurosurgery Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; National Institute of Mental Health/Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India; University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Antisense Pharma GmbH, Regensburg, Germany
| | - H. Heinrichs
- Klinik und Poliklinik fur Neurologie, Regensburg, Germany; University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany; Polenov Neurosurgery Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; National Institute of Mental Health/Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India; University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Antisense Pharma GmbH, Regensburg, Germany
| | - K. Schlingensiepen
- Klinik und Poliklinik fur Neurologie, Regensburg, Germany; University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany; Polenov Neurosurgery Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; National Institute of Mental Health/Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India; University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Antisense Pharma GmbH, Regensburg, Germany
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Parker MS, Sah R, Park EA, Sweatman T, Balasubramaniam A, Sallee FR, Parker SL. Oligomerization of the heptahelical G protein coupling receptors: a case for association using transmembrane helices. Mini Rev Med Chem 2009; 9:329-39. [PMID: 19275726 DOI: 10.2174/1389557510909030329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The heptahelical G protein coupling receptors oligomerize extensively via transmembrane domains, in association with heterotrimeric G proteins. This provides higher affinity for agonists, conformational stability necessary for signal transduction, and protection from intracellular proteinases. The oligomerization is relevant to organismic pathophysiology and could be targeted by natural or modified agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Parker
- Department of Molecular Cell Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Parker SL, Parker MS, Estes AM, Wong YY, Sah R, Sweatman T, Park EA, Balasubramaniam A, Sallee FR. The neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y2 receptors are largely dimeric in the kidney, but monomeric in the forebrain. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2008; 28:245-63. [PMID: 18569526 DOI: 10.1080/10799890802084341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y(NPY) Y2 receptors are detected largely as dimers in the clonal expressions in CHO cells and in particulates from rabbit kidney cortex. However, in two areas of the forebrain (rat or rabbit piriform cortex and hypothalamus), these receptors are found mainly as monomers. Evidence is presented that this difference relates to large levels of G proteins containing the Gi alpha -subunit in the forebrain areas. The predominant monomeric status of these Y2 receptors should also be physiologically linked to large synaptic inputs of the agonist NPY. The rabbit kidney and the human CHO cell-expressed Y2 dimers are converted by agonists to monomers in vitro at a similar rate in the presence of divalent cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Parker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA.
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Estes A, Wong Y, Parker M, Sallee F, Balasubramaniam A, Parker S. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y2 receptors of rabbit kidney cortex are largely dimeric. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 150:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Copeland R, Balasubramaniam A, Tiwari V, Zhang F, Bridges A, Linhardt RJ, Shukla D, Liu J. Using a 3-O-sulfated heparin octasaccharide to inhibit the entry of herpes simplex virus type 1. Biochemistry 2008; 47:5774-83. [PMID: 18457417 PMCID: PMC2504729 DOI: 10.1021/bi800205t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a highly sulfated polysaccharide and is present in large quantities on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) utilizes a specialized cell surface HS, known as 3-O-sulfated HS, as an entry receptor to establish infection. Here, we exploit an approach to inhibiting HSV-1 infection by using a 3-O-sulfated octasaccharide, mimicking the active domain of the entry receptor. The 3-O-sulfated octasaccharide was synthesized by incubating a heparin octasaccharide (3-OH octasaccharide) with HS 3-O-sulfotransferase isoform 3. The resultant 3-O-sulfated octasaccharide has a structure of Delta UA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoUA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoUA2S-GlcNS3S6S-IdoUA2S-GlcNS6S (where Delta UA is 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid, GlcN is D-glucosamine, and IdoUA is L-iduronic acid). Results from cell-based assays revealed that the 3-O-sulfated octasaccharide has stronger activity in blocking HSV-1 infection than that of the 3-OH octasaccharide, suggesting that the inhibition of HSV-1 infection requires a unique sulfation moiety. Our results suggest the feasibility of inhibiting HSV-1 infection by blocking viral entry with a specific oligosaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Copeland
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Arun Balasubramaniam
- Departments of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences and Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Vaibhav Tiwari
- Departments of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences and Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biology and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180
| | - Arlene Bridges
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biology and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Departments of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences and Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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Manivannan R, Dhanaraj SA, Rao YUB, Balasubramaniam A, Gowrishankar NL, Jawahar N, Jubie S. In vivo Evaluation of Single Dose Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine Formulation with Chitosan Microspheres. Indian J Pharm Sci 2008; 70:11-5. [PMID: 20390074 PMCID: PMC2852047 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.40325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Revised: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan adsorbed microspheres containing tetanus toxoid were prepared in the size range of 10 mum to 75 mum, by emulsion-cross linking technique at different speeds of agitation. The amount of tetanus toxoid incorporated into chitosan microspheres were estimated by limes flocculation test and in vivo evaluation of tetanus toxoid adsorbed chitosan microspheres were determined by toxin neutralization method using albino mice. The results of in vivo release for the batches of 10 mum and 25 mum correlates with the results of in vitro in which both the batches passes the limit of IP standard (4 Lf) where as, for the batches of 50 mum and 75 mum, the in vitro release of tetanus toxoid was 2 Lf. But our in vivo studies for the batches of 50 mum and 75 mum fail to pass the limit stated in IP. The release of tetanus toxoid from the chitosan microspheres was found to be sustained for the period of 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Manivannan
- Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam (Thiruchengode) - 637 205, India
| | - S. A. Dhanaraj
- J. S. S. Centre for Research and Post Graduate Studies, J. S. S. College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund - 643 001, India
| | | | - A. Balasubramaniam
- Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam (Thiruchengode) - 637 205, India
| | - N. L. Gowrishankar
- Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam (Thiruchengode) - 637 205, India
| | - N. Jawahar
- Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam (Thiruchengode) - 637 205, India
| | - S. Jubie
- Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam (Thiruchengode) - 637 205, India
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Abstract
We briefly survey the current knowledge and concepts regarding structure and function of the neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor and its agonists, especially as related to pharmacology of the receptor and its roles in pathological processes. Specific structural features are considered that could be responsible for the known compartmentalization and participation of the receptor in cell and tissue organization. This is further discussed in relation to changes of levels of the Y2 receptor in pathological conditions (especially in epilepsy and drug abuse), to endocytosis and recycling, and to participation in wound healing, retinopathy and angiogenesis. Properties of the receptor and of Y2 agonists are considered and reviewed in connection to the negative regulation of transmitter release, feeding, mood and social behavior. The possible involvement of the Y2 receptor in diabetes, carcinogenesis and bone formation is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Parker
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Parker SL, Parker MS, Sallee FR, Balasubramaniam A. Oligomerization of neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y2 receptors in CHO cells depends on functional pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 144:72-81. [PMID: 17651824 PMCID: PMC4387131 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2007.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 05/27/2007] [Accepted: 06/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Human neuropeptide Y Y2 receptors expressed in CHO cells are largely oligomeric, and upon solubilization are recovered by density gradient centrifugation as approximately 180 kDa complexes of receptor dimers and G-protein heterotrimers. A large fraction of the receptors is inactivated in the presence of pertussis toxin, in parallel with inactivation of Gi alpha subunits (with half-periods of about 4 h for both). This is accompanied by a very long-lasting loss of receptor dimers and of masked surface Y2 sites (an apparent receptor reserve pre-coupled mainly to Gi alpha subunit-containing G-proteins). However, surface Y2 receptors accessible to large peptide agonists are much less sensitive to the toxin. All surface Y2 receptors are rapidly blocked by Y2 antagonist BIIE0246, with a significant loss of the dimers, but with little change of basal Gi activity. However, both dimers and Y2 receptor compartmentalization are restored within 24 h after removal of the antagonist. In CHO cells, the maintenance and organization of Y2 receptors appear to critically depend on functional pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Parker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most abundant neuropeptides, and is likely to be present at nanomolar levels over extended periods in the synaptic space of many forebrain areas. This might be linked to an evolved generalized toning activity through a number of other peptide receptors that use C-terminally amidated agonists (with LHRH and orexin receptors and GIR as examples). However, the Y1 and Y2 receptors (which constitute the bulk of Y receptors active in the neural matrix) possess subnanomolar affinities that, at saturating NPY levels, could produce excessive signaling, as well as receptor losses via repeated endocytosis. The related Y4 receptor shows an even higher agonist affinity, and faces the same problem in visceral and neural locations accessible to pancreatic polypeptide (PP). An examination of agonist peptide interaction with Y receptors shows that Y1 and Y4 receptors in particular (as located on either the intact cells, or on particulates derived from various cell types) develop a blockade dependent on ligand concentration, with the blocking ranks of [NPY]>>[peptide YY] (PYY) for the Y1, and [human PP]>>>[PYY-related Y4 agonist] for the Y4 receptor. This blockade is also echoed in a concentration-related reduction in biological activity of primary agonists (NPY and PP), resembling a partial agonism, and is influenced especially by the allosteric interactivity of agonists. With the Y2 receptor, the blocking by agonists is less pronounced, but the signaling by NPY-related peptides is apparently less than with PYY-related agonists. The extended occupancy and self-attenuation of primary agonist activity at Y receptors could represent an evolutionary solution contributing to a balancing of metabolic signaling, agonist clearance and receptor conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Parker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Jois SDS, Nagarajarao LM, Prabhakaran M, Balasubramaniam A. Modeling of neuropeptide receptors Y1, Y4, Y5, and docking studies with neuropeptide antagonist. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2006; 23:497-508. [PMID: 16494499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), receptors belong to the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily. NPY mediates several physiological responses, such as blood pressure, food intake, sedation. These actions of NPY are mediated by six receptor subtypes denoted as Y1-Y5 and y6. Modeling of receptor subtypes and binding site identification is an important step in developing new therapeutic agents. We have attempted to model the three NPY receptor types, Y1, Y4, and Y5 using homology modeling and threading methods. The models are consistent with previously reported experimental evidence. To understand the interaction and selectivity of NPY analogues with different neuropeptide receptors, docking studies of two neuropeptide analogues (BVD10 and BVD15) with receptors Y1 and Y4 were carried out. Results of the docking studies indicated that the interaction of ligands BVD10 and BVD15 with Y1 and Y4 receptors are different. These results were evaluated for selectivity of peptide analogues BVD10 and BVD15 towards the receptors.
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Parker MS, Sah R, Sheriff S, Balasubramaniam A, Parker SL. Internalization of cloned pancreatic polypeptide receptors is accelerated by all types of Y4 agonists. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 132:91-101. [PMID: 16213038 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2005.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2005] [Accepted: 09/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Internalization of cloned rat or human Y4 receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells increased with concentration of all types of Y4 agonists, including human and rat pancreatic polypeptides, the Y1 receptor group co-agonists possessing C-terminal TRPRY.NH2 pentapeptide, and a C-terminally amidated dimeric nonapeptide related to neuropeptide Y, GR231118. These peptides also inhibited forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in Y4 receptor-expressing cells, and stimulated the binding of 35S-labeled GTP-gamma-S to pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins in particulates from these cells. Peptide VD-11 (differing from GR231118 only by C-terminal oxymethylation) acted as a competitive antagonist in all of the above processes. Agonist-induced stimulation of the Y4 receptor internalization persisted in the presence of allosteric inhibitors of hPP binding, N5-substituted amilorides, which also were relatively little active in G-protein stimulation and cyclase inhibition by Y4 agonists. Acceleration of Y4 receptor internalization by agonists apparently is related to relaxation of allosteric constraints to ligand attachment and sequestration of the receptor-ligand complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Parker
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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Abstract
Environmental decision-making occurs in numerous environmental sectors and covers a diverse range of problems. Of the various decision tools available not all of them may be appropriate for any single decision problem, and any particular decision-aid may not be applicable in all decision problems. This article reviews applications of MCA, and considers the appropriateness of Multicriteria Analysis (MCA) in environmental decision-making problems. Due to natural and decision environments being multidimensional, environmental decision-making is characterized by complexity. Consequently MCA has commonly been used in this area. In Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) the multiple dimensions of the impacts evaluated have been easily represented in MCA as multiple criteria. Waste management and water resource planning problems involving public participation have been facilitated by MCA, through the structuring and articulation of the public's values. MCA has also been applied in water quality problems, allowing the incorporation of incommensurable criteria into evaluations. The appropriateness of MCA for environmental decision problems can be viewed in the context of a typical decision-making process, making it easier to identify the contribution MCA can make at various decision-making stages. MCA can be particularly appropriate when the decision-making context is characterized by multiple objectives and multiple criteria, incommensurable criteria, mixed data and the need for ease of use, and the analysis context is characterized by multiple participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Balasubramaniam
- Department of Environmental Science & Technology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BP, UK
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49
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Jois SDS, Nagarajarao LM, Prabhakaran M, Balasubramaniam A. Modeling of Neuropeptide Receptors Y1, Y4, Y5, and Docking Studies with Neuropeptide Antagonist Analogues: Implications for Selectivity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2004; 22:497-508. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2004.10506987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Shahab M, Balasubramaniam A, Sahu A, Plant TM. Central nervous system receptors involved in mediating the inhibitory action of neuropeptide Y on luteinizing hormone secretion in the male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). J Neuroendocrinol 2003; 15:965-70. [PMID: 12969241 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2826.2003.01085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An earlier finding that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion may be triggered prematurely in the juvenile male monkey by central administration of 1229U91, a Y1 receptor antagonist, contributed to our current hypothesis that neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a major component of the brake that holds pulsatile GnRH release in check during prepubertal development in primates. However, 1229U91 is also a Y4 receptor agonist, and the present study was conducted to further examine the role of the Y1 receptor in mediating the putative inhibitory action of NPY on GnRH release. Agonadal juvenile and postpubertal male monkeys were implanted with i.v. and i.c.v. cannulae to gain continuous access to the venous and cerebroventricular circulations without sedation. Luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion was measured to provide an indirect index of GnRH release. The specific Y1 antagonists, VD-11 (476 microg; n = 4) and isopropyl 3-chloro-5-[1-((6-[2-(5-ethyl-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)ethyl]-4-morpholin-4-ylpyridin-2-yl)amino)ethyl]phenylcarbamate (Compound A, 300 microg; n = 4), did not mimic the stimulatory action of 1229U91 on GnRH secretion in the juvenile male monkey. Additionally, neither NPY (200 microg; n = 2), a general Y receptor agonist, nor rPP (100 microg; n = 4), a Y4 agonist, mimicked the action of 1229U91 in stimulating GnRH release. Moreover, previous exposure of the hypothalamus of juvenile monkeys (n = 5) to NPY (660 microg) failed to block 1229U91-induced (200 microg) GnRH release. However, the action of NPY (364 microg) in inhibiting GnRH release postpubertally was attenuated by 1229U91 (300 microg). We conclude that, although the action of exogenous NPY to suppress GnRH release from the postpubertal hypothalamus appears to be mediated, at least in part, by the Y1 receptor, the existence of a Y1 receptor pathway inhibitory to GnRH release in the prepubertal hypothalamus remains to be substantiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shahab
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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