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Ferreira JDCP, Soley BS, Pawloski PL, Moreira CG, Pesquero JB, Bader M, Calixto JB, Cabrini DA, Otuki MF. Role of kinin receptors in skin pigmentation. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 973:176537. [PMID: 38604546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that all kinin system is constitutively expressed in the normal and inflamed skin, with a potential role in both physiological and pathological processes. However, the understanding regarding the involvement of the kinin system in skin pigmentation and pigmentation disorders remains incomplete. In this context, the present study was designed to determine the role of kinins in the Monobenzone (MBZ)-induced vitiligo-like model. Our findings showed that MBZ induces higher local skin depigmentation in kinin receptors knockout mice (KOB1R, KOB2R and KOB1B2R) than in wild type (WT). Remarkably, lower levels of melanin content and reduced ROS generation were detected in KOB1R and KOB2R mice treated with MBZ. In addition, both KOB1R and KOB2R show increased dermal cell infiltrate in vitiligo-like skin, when compared to WT-MBZ. Additionally, lack of B1R was associated with greater skin accumulation of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-17 by MBZ, while KOB1B2R presented lower levels of TNF and IL-1. Of note, the absence of both kinin B1 and B2 receptors demonstrates a protective effect by preventing the increase in polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cell infiltrations, as well as inflammatory cytokine levels induced by MBZ. In addition, in vitro assays confirm that B1R and B2R agonists increase intracellular melanin synthesis, while bradykinin significantly enhanced extracellular melanin levels and proliferation of B16F10 cells. Our findings highlight that the lack of kinin receptors caused more severe depigmentation in the skin, as well as genetic deletion of both B1/B2 receptors seems to be linked with changes in levels of constitutive melanin levels, suggesting the involvement of kinin system in crucial skin pigmentation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruna Silva Soley
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | | | | | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany; Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - João Batista Calixto
- Center of Innovation and Preclinical Studies (CIENP), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | | | - Michel Fleith Otuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Cordyceps militaris Inhibited Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme through Molecular Interaction between Cordycepin and ACE C-Domain. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091450. [PMID: 36143487 PMCID: PMC9505812 DOI: 10.3390/life12091450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important therapeutic modalities for the management of hypertension is the inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Cordyceps militaris has received substantial attention because to its therapeutic potential and biological value. To gather information about the antihypertensive properties of C. militaris, the ACE inhibitory activity was evaluated. An ethanolic extract of the fruiting body of C. militaris was obtained, and the extract was separated by UHPLC method with a fluorescence detector for the quantification of cordycepin and adenosine. The ethanolic extract had a considerably higher cordycepin level. Additionally, an in vitro kinetic analysis was carried out to find out how much C. militaris extract inhibited ACE. This extract exhibited non-competitive inhibition on ACE. The Ki value of the C. militaris extract against ACE was found to be 8.7 µg/mL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the analysis of a protein cavity together with molecular docking carried out to comprehend the intermolecular interactions between cordycepin and the ACE C-domain, which impact the spatial conformation of the enzyme and reduce its capacity to break down the substrate. According to a molecular docking, hydrogen bonding interactions between the chemicals and the ACE S2’ subsite are primarily responsible for cordycepin inhibition at the ACE C domain. All these findings suggest that C. militaris extract are a kind of natural ACE inhibitor, and cordycepin has the potential as an ACE inhibitor.
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Lara LS, Gonzalez AA, Hennrikus MT, Prieto MC. Hormone-Dependent Regulation of Renin and Effects on Prorenin Receptor Signaling in the Collecting Duct. Curr Hypertens Rev 2022; 18:91-100. [PMID: 35170417 PMCID: PMC10132771 DOI: 10.2174/1573402118666220216105357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The production of renin by the principal cells of the collecting duct has widened our understanding of the regulation of intrarenal angiotensin II (Ang II) generation and blood pressure. In the collecting duct, Ang II increases the synthesis and secretion of renin by mechanisms involving the activation of Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) via stimulation of the PKCα, Ca2+, and cAMP/PKA/CREB pathways. Additionally, paracrine mediators, including vasopressin (AVP), prostaglandins, bradykinin (BK), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), regulate renin in principal cells. During Ang II-dependent hypertension, despite plasma renin activity suppression, renin and prorenin receptor (RPR) are upregulated in the collecting duct and promote de novo formation of intratubular Ang II. Furthermore, activation of PRR by its natural agonists, prorenin and renin, may contribute to the stimulation of profibrotic factors independent of Ang II. Thus, the interactions of RAS components with paracrine hormones within the collecting duct enable tubular compartmentalization of the RAS to orchestrate complex mechanisms that increase intrarenal Ang II, Na+ reabsorption, and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucienne S Lara
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexis A Gonzalez
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Matthew T Hennrikus
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Minolfa C Prieto
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Renal and Hypertension Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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4
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Azinheira Nobrega Cruz N, Stoll D, Casarini D, Bertagnolli M. Role of ACE2 in pregnancy and potential implications for COVID-19 susceptibility. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1805-1824. [PMID: 34338772 PMCID: PMC8329853 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In times of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV)-2 infection on pregnancy is still unclear. The presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 (ACE2), the main receptor for SARS-CoV-2, in human placentas indicates that this organ can be vulnerable for viral infection during pregnancy. However, for this to happen, additional molecular processes are critical to allow viral entry in cells, its replication and disease manifestation, particularly in the placenta and/or feto-maternal circulation. Beyond the risk of vertical transmission, COVID-19 is also proposed to deplete ACE2 protein and its biological actions in the placenta. It is postulated that such effects may impair essential processes during placentation and maternal hemodynamic adaptations in COVID-19 pregnancy, features also observed in several disorders of pregnancy. This review gathers information indicating risks and protective features related to ACE2 changes in COVID-19 pregnancies. First, we describe the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection having ACE2 as a main entry door and current evidence of viral infection in the placenta. Further, we discuss the central role of ACE2 in physiological systems such as the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS), both active during placentation and hemodynamic adaptations of pregnancy. Significant knowledge gaps are also identified and should be urgently filled to better understand the fate of ACE2 in COVID-19 pregnancies and the potential associated risks. Emerging knowledge will be able to improve the early stratification of high-risk pregnancies with COVID-19 exposure as well as to guide better management and follow-up of these mothers and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Azinheira Nobrega Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Research Center of the Hospital Sacré-Coeur, CIUSSS Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Danielle Stoll
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dulce Elena Casarini
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariane Bertagnolli
- Research Center of the Hospital Sacré-Coeur, CIUSSS Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
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5
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Kinins and Their Receptors as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Retinal Pathologies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081913. [PMID: 34440682 PMCID: PMC8391508 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) contributes to retinal inflammation and neovascularization, notably in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Bradykinin type 1 (B1R) and type 2 (B2R) receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors that sense and mediate the effects of kinins. While B2R is constitutively expressed and regulates a plethora of physiological processes, B1R is almost undetectable under physiological conditions and contributes to pathological inflammation. Several KKS components (kininogens, tissue and plasma kallikreins, and kinin receptors) are overexpressed in human and animal models of retinal diseases, and their inhibition, particularly B1R, reduces inflammation and pathological neovascularization. In this review, we provide an overview of the KKS with emphasis on kinin receptors in the healthy retina and their detrimental roles in DR and AMD. We highlight the crosstalk between the KKS and the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which is known to be detrimental in ocular pathologies. Targeting the KKS, particularly the B1R, is a promising therapy in retinal diseases, and B1R may represent an effector of the detrimental effects of RAS (Ang II-AT1R).
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Sugawara A, Shimada H, Otsubo Y, Kouketsu T, Suzuki S, Yokoyama A. The usefulness of angiotensin-(1-7) and des-Arg 9-bradykinin as novel biomarkers for metabolic syndrome. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:1034-1036. [PMID: 34045691 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sugawara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Shimada
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuri Otsubo
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takumi Kouketsu
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Susumu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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7
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Carvalho PRD, Sirois P, Fernandes PD. The role of kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin systems in COVID-19 infection. Peptides 2021; 135:170428. [PMID: 33065209 PMCID: PMC7553876 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In November 2019 the first cases of a novel acute respiratory syndrome has been reported in Wuhan province, China. Soon after, in January 2020 the World Health Organization declared a pandemic state due to the dissemination of a virus named SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Being an unknown disease, it is essential to assess not only its main characteristic features and overall clinical symptomatology but also its patient infection mode and propagation to design appropriate clinical interventions and treatments. In this review the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and how the virus enters the cells and activates the immune system are described. The role of three systems involved in the SARS- CoV-2 infection (renin-angiotensin, kinin and coagulation systems) is discussed with the objectives to identify and try to explain several of the events observed during the evolution of the disease and to suggest possible targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ribeiro de Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e da Inflamação, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Patricia Dias Fernandes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e da Inflamação, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Panariello F, Cellini L, Speciani M, De Ronchi D, Atti AR. How Does SARS-CoV-2 Affect the Central Nervous System? A Working Hypothesis. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:582345. [PMID: 33304284 PMCID: PMC7701095 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.582345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial pneumonia was the first manifestation to be recognized as caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); however, in just a few weeks, it became clear that the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) overrun tissues and more body organs than just the lungs, so much so that it could be considered a systemic pathology. Several studies reported the involvement of the conjunctiva, the gut, the heart and its pace, and vascular injuries such as thromboembolic complications and Kawasaki disease in children and toddlers were also described. More recently, it was reported that in a sample of 214 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, 36.4% complained of neurological symptoms ranging from non-specific manifestations (dizziness, headache, and seizures), to more specific symptoms such hyposmia or hypogeusia, and stroke. Older individuals, especially males with comorbidities, appear to be at the highest risk of developing such severe complications related to the Central Nervous System (CNS) involvement. Neuropsychiatric manifestations in COVID-19 appear to develop in patients with and without pre-existing neurological disorders. Growing evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 binds to the human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) for the attachment and entrance inside host cells. By describing ACE2 and the whole Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) we may better understand whether specific cell types may be affected by SARS-CoV-2 and whether their functioning can be disrupted in case of an infection. Since clear evidences of neurological interest have already been shown, by clarifying the topographical distribution and density of ACE2, we will be able to speculate how SARS-CoV-2 may affect the CNS and what is the pathogenetic mechanism by which it contributes to the specific clinical manifestations of the disease. Based on such evidences, we finally hypothesize the process of SARS-CoV-2 invasion of the CNS and provide a possible explanation for the onset or the exacerbation of some common neuropsychiatric disorders in the elderly including cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Panariello
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Authorities, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cellini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Psychiatry, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Speciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Psychiatry, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Diana De Ronchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Psychiatry, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Atti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Psychiatry, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
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Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Pivari F, Soldati L, Attinà A, Leggeri C, Cinelli G, Tarsitano MG, Caparello G, Carrano E, Merra G, Pujia AM, Danieli R, De Lorenzo A. COVID-19: Is there a role for immunonutrition in obese patient? J Transl Med 2020; 18:415. [PMID: 33160363 PMCID: PMC7647877 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02594-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
On December 12, 2019 a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, triggering a pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome in humans (COVID-19). Today, the scientific community is investing all the resources available to find any therapy and prevention strategies to defeat COVID-19. In this context, immunonutrition can play a pivotal role in improving immune responses against viral infections. Immunonutrition has been based on the concept that malnutrition impairs immune function. Therefore, immunonutrition involves feeding enriched with various pharmaconutrients (Omega 3 Fatty Acids, Vitamin C, Arginine, Glutamine, Selenium, Zinc, Vitamin, E and Vitamin D) to modulate inflammatory responses, acquired immune response and to improve patient outcomes. In literature, significant evidences indicate that obesity, a malnutrition state, negatively impacts on immune system functionality and on host defense, impairing protection from infections. Immunonutrients can promote patient recovery by inhibiting inflammatory responses and regulating immune function. Immune system dysfunction is considered to increase the risk of viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, and was observed in different pathological situations. Obese patients develop severe COVID-19 sequelae, due to the high concentrations of TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-6 produced in the meantime by visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and by innate immunity. Moreover, leptin, released by adipose tissue, helps to increase inflammatory milieu with a dysregulation of the immune response. Additionally, gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the maturation, development and functions of both innate and adaptive immune system, as well as contributing to develop obese phenotype. The gut microbiota has been shown to affect lung health through a vital crosstalk between gut microbiota and lungs, called the "gut-lung axis". This axis communicates through a bi-directional pathway in which endotoxins, or microbial metabolites, may affect the lung through the blood and when inflammation occurs in the lung, this in turn can affect the gut microbiota. Therefore, the modulation of gut microbiota in obese COVID-19 patients can play a key role in immunonutrition therapeutic strategy. This umbrella review seeks to answer the question of whether a nutritional approach can be used to enhance the immune system's response to obesity in obese patients affected by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Gualtieri
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pivari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Soldati
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Alda Attinà
- School of Specialization in Food Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Leggeri
- School of Specialization in Food Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cinelli
- School of Specialization in Food Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Predictive and Preventive Medicine Research Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children Hospital IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Tarsitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Caparello
- School of Specialization in Food Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Carrano
- School of Specialization in Food Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merra
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Maria Pujia
- Department of Surgery, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Danieli
- Telematic University of San Raffaele Rome, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
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Toricelli M, Evangelista SR, Oliveira LR, Viel TA, Buck HS. Neuroprotective Effects of Kinin B2 Receptor in Organotypic Hippocampal Cultures of Middle-Aged Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:168. [PMID: 31354470 PMCID: PMC6639675 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial phenomenon that results in several changes at cellular and molecular levels and is considered the main risk factor for some neurodegenerative diseases. Several evidence show the participation of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) in neurodegeneration and this system has been associated with inflammation and immunogenic responses in the central and peripheral systems by the activation of the B1 and B2 receptors. Previous work by our group showed that bradykinin (BK) and the B2 receptor played a possible role in neuroprotection. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the participation of B2 receptors in cell viability, neuroinflammatory response and neuroplasticity in organotypic hippocampal cultures (OHCs) of 6- and 12-month-old mice. It was observed that activation of the B2 receptor by bradykinin decreased the inflammatory response and increased plasticity in 12-month-old slices. Conversely, there was an increase in the inflammatory response and a decrease in neural plasticity in the 6-month-old slices. In both ages, an increase in cell viability was observed. This data suggests that the function of the kinin B2 receptor in the hippocampus is modulated by age, providing neuroprotective action in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Toricelli
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil.,Research Group on Neuropharmacology of Aging-ReGNA, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastiana Ribeiro Evangelista
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil.,Research Group on Neuropharmacology of Aging-ReGNA, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Rolim Oliveira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Araujo Viel
- Research Group on Neuropharmacology of Aging-ReGNA, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hudson Sousa Buck
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil.,Research Group on Neuropharmacology of Aging-ReGNA, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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dos Santos Aguilar JG, de Souza AKS, de Castro RJS. Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Chicken Viscera to Obtain Added-Value Protein Hydrolysates with Antioxidant and Antihypertensive Properties. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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de Castro RJS, Ohara A, Aguilar JGDS, Domingues MAF. Nutritional, functional and biological properties of insect proteins: Processes for obtaining, consumption and future challenges. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Leontovyč A, Ulrychová L, O’Donoghue AJ, Vondrášek J, Marešová L, Hubálek M, Fajtová P, Chanová M, Jiang Z, Craik CS, Caffrey CR, Mareš M, Dvořák J, Horn M. SmSP2: A serine protease secreted by the blood fluke pathogen Schistosoma mansoni with anti-hemostatic properties. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006446. [PMID: 29677188 PMCID: PMC5931690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serine proteases are important virulence factors for many pathogens. Recently, we discovered a group of trypsin-like serine proteases with domain organization unique to flatworm parasites and containing a thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR-1). These proteases are recognized as antigens during host infection and may prove useful as anthelminthic vaccines, however their molecular characteristics are under-studied. Here, we characterize the structural and proteolytic attributes of serine protease 2 (SmSP2) from Schistosoma mansoni, one of the major species responsible for the tropical infectious disease, schistosomiasis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS SmSP2 comprises three domains: a histidine stretch, TSR-1 and a serine protease domain. The cleavage specificity of recombinant SmSP2 was determined using positional scanning and multiplex combinatorial libraries and the determinants of specificity were identified with 3D homology models, demonstrating a trypsin-like endopeptidase mode of action. SmSP2 displayed restricted proteolysis on protein substrates. It activated tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen as key components of the fibrinolytic system, and released the vasoregulatory peptide, kinin, from kininogen. SmSP2 was detected in the surface tegument, esophageal glands and reproductive organs of the adult parasite by immunofluorescence microscopy, and in the excretory/secretory products by immunoblotting. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The data suggest that SmSP2 is secreted, functions at the host-parasite interface and contributes to the survival of the parasite by manipulating host vasodilatation and fibrinolysis. SmSP2 may be, therefore, a potential target for anti-schistosomal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Leontovyč
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Ulrychová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anthony J. O’Donoghue
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Jiří Vondrášek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Marešová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hubálek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Fajtová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Chanová
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zhenze Jiang
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Charles S. Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Conor R. Caffrey
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael Mareš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dvořák
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (MH); (JD)
| | - Martin Horn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (MH); (JD)
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14
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Borém LMA, Neto JFR, Brandi IV, Lelis DF, Santos SHS. The role of the angiotensin II type I receptor blocker telmisartan in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a brief review. Hypertens Res 2018; 41:394-405. [PMID: 29636553 PMCID: PMC7091617 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently considered an important component of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The spectrum of NAFLD includes conditions that range from simple hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. NAFLD is correlated with liver-related death and is predicted to be the most frequent indication for liver transplantation by 2030. Insulin resistance is directly correlated to the central mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD patients, which is strongly correlated to the imbalance of the renin–angiotensin system, that is involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. Among the emerging treatment approaches for NAFLD is the anti-hypertensive agent telmisartan, which has positive effects on liver, lipid, and glucose metabolism, especially through its action on the renin–angiotensin system, by blocking the ACE/AngII/AT1 axis and increasing ACE2/Ang(1–7)/Mas axis activation. However, treatment with this drug is only recommended for patients with an established indication for anti-hypertensive therapy. Thus, there is an increased need for large randomized controlled trials with the aim of elucidating the effects of telmisartan on liver disease, especially NAFLD. From this perspective, the present review aims to provide a brief examination of the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and the role of telmisartan on preventing liver disorders and thus to improve the discussion on potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana M A Borém
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Medicine Department, Faculdades Integradas Pitágoras, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João F R Neto
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Igor V Brandi
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Food Engineering College, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Deborah F Lelis
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sergio H S Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Food Engineering College, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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15
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Sharifi N, Khajeh K, Mahernia S, Balalaie S, Ataie G, Jahanbani R, Amanlou M. Probing Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Domain-Dependent Inhibition of Onopordia, Isolated from Onopordon acanthium L., Using a Continuous Fluorescent Assay. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2018.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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16
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Dvorak J, Horn M. Serine proteases in schistosomes and other trematodes. Int J Parasitol 2018; 48:333-344. [PMID: 29477711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Trematodes, also known as flukes, are phylogenetically ancient parasitic organisms. Due to their importance as human and veterinary parasites, their proteins have been investigated extensively as drug and vaccine targets. Among those, proteases, as crucial enzymes for parasite survival, are considered candidate molecules for anti-parasitic interventions. Surprisingly however, trematode serine proteases, in comparison with other groups of proteases, are largely neglected. Genes encoding serine proteases have been identified in trematode genomes in significant abundance, but the biological roles and biochemical functions of these proteases are poorly understood. However, increasing volumes of genomic and proteomic studies, and accumulated experimental evidence, indicate that this class of proteases plays a substantial role in host-parasite interactions and parasite survival. Here, we discuss in detail serine proteases at genomic and protein levels, and their known or hypothetical functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dvorak
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague CZ 165 21, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Horn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague CZ 166 10, Czech Republic.
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17
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Kugaevskaya EV, Veselovsky AV, Indeykina MI, Solovyeva NI, Zharkova MS, Popov IA, Nikolaev EN, Mantsyzov AB, Makarov AA, Kozin SA. N-domain of angiotensin-converting enzyme hydrolyzes human and rat amyloid-β(1-16) peptides as arginine specific endopeptidase potentially enhancing risk of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:298. [PMID: 29321566 PMCID: PMC5762728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder. Amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation is likely to be the major cause of AD. In contrast to humans and other mammals, that share the same Aβ sequence, rats and mice are invulnerable to AD-like neurodegenerative pathologies, and Aβ of these rodents (ratAβ) has three amino acid substitutions in the metal-binding domain 1-16 (MBD). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) cleaves Aβ-derived peptide substrates, however, there are contradictions concerning the localization of the cleavage sites within Aβ and the roles of each of the two ACE catalytically active domains in the hydrolysis. In the current study by using mass spectrometry and molecular modelling we have tested a set of peptides corresponding to MBDs of Aβ and ratAβ to get insights on the interactions between ACE and these Aβ species. It has been shown that the N-domain of ACE (N-ACE) acts as an arginine specific endopeptidase on the Aβ and ratAβ MBDs with C-amidated termini, thus assuming that full-length Aβ and ratAβ can be hydrolyzed by N-ACE in the same endopeptidase mode. Taken together with the recent data on the molecular mechanism of zinc-dependent oligomerization of Aβ, our results suggest a modulating role of N-ACE in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria I Indeykina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russia
| | | | | | - Igor A Popov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Eugene N Nikolaev
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russia.,Skolkovo Institute of Science and technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey B Mantsyzov
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A Kozin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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18
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dos Santos Aguilar JG, Sato HH. Microbial proteases: Production and application in obtaining protein hydrolysates. Food Res Int 2018; 103:253-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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19
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Michaelis M, Sobczak A, Koczan D, Langhammer M, Reinsch N, Schoen J, Weitzel JM. Selection for female traits of high fertility affects male reproductive performance and alters the testicular transcriptional profile. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:889. [PMID: 29157197 PMCID: PMC5697431 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many genes important for reproductive performance are shared by both sexes. However, fecundity indices are primarily based on female parameters such as litter size. We examined a fertility mouse line (FL2), which has a considerably increased number of offspring and a total litter weight of 180% compared to a randomly bred control line (Ctrl) after more than 170 generations of breeding. In the present study, we investigated whether there might be a parallel evolution in males after more than 40 years of breeding in this outbred mouse model. Results Males of the fertility mouse line FL2 showed reduced sperm motility performance in a 5 h thermal stress experiment and reduced birth rate in the outbred mouse line. Transcriptional analysis of the FL2 testis showed the differential expression of genes associated with steroid metabolic processes (Cyp1b1, Cyp19a1, Hsd3b6, and Cyp21a1) and female fecundity (Gdf9), accompanied by 150% elevated serum progesterone levels in the FL2 males. Cluster analysis revealed the downregulation of genes of the kallikrein-related peptidases (KLK) cluster located on chromosome 7 in addition to alterations in gene expression with serine peptidase activity, e.g., angiotensinogen (Agt), of the renin-angiotensin system essential for ovulation. Although a majority of functional annotations map to female reproduction and ovulation, these genes are differentially expressed in FL2 testis. Conclusions These data indicate that selection for primary female traits of increased litter size not only affects sperm characteristics but also manifests as transcriptional alterations of the male side likely with direct long-term consequences for the reproductive performance of the mouse line. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4288-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten Michaelis
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany. .,Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Reproductive Biology, FBN Dummerstorf, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Alexander Sobczak
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dirk Koczan
- Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martina Langhammer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Reinsch
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schoen
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Joachim M Weitzel
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany. .,Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Reproductive Biology, FBN Dummerstorf, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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20
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Li Y, Zhao J, Liu X, Xia X, Wang Y, Zhou J. Transport of a Novel Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptide Ala-His-Leu-Leu Across Human Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells. J Med Food 2017; 20:243-250. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhao
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiudong Xia
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, China
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21
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Silva LDS, Peruchetti DDB, Silva CTFD, Ferreira-DaSilva AT, Perales J, Caruso-Neves C, Pinheiro AAS. Interaction between bradykinin B2 and Ang-(1-7) Mas receptors regulates erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium falciparum. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2438-2444. [PMID: 27431603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms involved in erythrocyte invasion by malaria parasite are well understood, but the contribution of host components is not. We recently reported that Ang-(1-7) impairs the erythrocytic cycle of P. falciparum through Mas receptor-mediated reduction of protein kinase A (PKA) activity. The effects of bradykinin (BK), a peptide of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS), can be potentiated by Ang-(1-7), or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, such as captopril. We investigated the coordinated action between renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and KKS peptides in the erythrocyte invasion by P. falciparum. METHODS We used human erythrocytes infected with P. falciparum to assess the influence of RAS and KKS peptides in the invasion of new erythrocytes. RESULTS The inhibitory effects of Ang-(1-7) were mimicked by captopril. 10(-8)M BK decreased new ring forms and this effect was sensitive to 10(-8)M HOE-140 and 10(-7)M A779, B2 and Mas receptor antagonists, respectively. However, DALBK, a B1 receptor blocker, had no effect. The inhibitory effect of Ang-(1-7) was reversed by HOE-140 and A779 at the same concentrations. Co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed an association between B2 and Mas receptors. BK also inhibited PKA activity, which was sensitive to both HOE-140 and A779. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that B2 and Mas receptors are mediators of Ang-(1-7) and BK inhibitory effects, through a cross-signaling pathway, possibly by the formation of a heterodimer. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results describe new elements in host signaling that could be involved in parasite invasion during the erythrocyte cycle of P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro de Souza Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diogo de Barros Peruchetti
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jonas Perales
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Rede Proteômica do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Celso Caruso-Neves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia e Bioimagem, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/MCT, Brazil
| | - Ana Acacia Sá Pinheiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional para Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/MCT, Brazil.
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22
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Yamashita S, Shibata N, Boku-Ikeda A, Abe E, Inayama A, Yamaguchi T, Higuma A, Inagaki K, Tsuyuzaki T, Iwamoto S, Ohno S, Yokogawa T, Nishikawa K, Biswas KB, Nabi AHMN, Nakagawa T, Suzuki F, Ebihara A. Escherichia coli-based production of recombinant ovine angiotensinogen and its characterization as a renin substrate. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:33. [PMID: 27052373 PMCID: PMC4823841 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiotensinogen (ANG) is a macromolecular precursor of angiotensin, which regulates blood pressure and electrolyte balance. ANG is specifically cleaved by renin, an aspartic protease, to initiate the angiotensin-processing cascade. Ovine ANG (oANG) from sheep plasma has been shown to be a better substrate for human renin, and it has been used in clinical renin assays. To expand the availability of oANG, we aimed to produce milligram levels of recombinant oANG using an Escherichia coli expression system. Results When recombinant oANG was expressed from a T7 promoter in various E. coli strains at 37 °C, it accumulated in the insoluble fraction. However, by expressing oANG at 37 °C from a tac promoter, which has weaker transcriptional activity than a T7 promoter, we significantly elevated the ratio of soluble to insoluble recombinant oANG. Using a novel culturing system and auto-induction culture medium, we purified tac-expressed recombinant oANG to homogeneity, with a yield of 4.0 mg per liter of culture. Based on size-exclusion gel filtration analysis and dynamic light scattering analysis, the resulting purified oANG is a monomer in solution. The circular dichroism spectrum of E. coli-expressed recombinant oANG was similar to that of oANG expressed in CHO cells. Differential scanning fluorimetry showed that both preparations undergo a two-state transition during thermal denaturation, and the melting temperatures of recombinant oANG expressed in E. coli and CHO cells were 49.4 ± 0.16 °C and 51.6 ± 0.19 °C, respectively. The Km values of both oANG preparations were similar; the kcat value of E. coli-expressed recombinant oANG was slightly higher than that of CHO-expressed oANG. Conclusions Recombinant oANG expressed in E. coli functions as a human renin substrate. This study presents an E. coli-based system for the rapid production of milligram quantities of a human renin substrate, which will be useful for both fundamental and clinical studies on renin and hypertension. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-016-0265-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yamashita
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Naoya Shibata
- Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Boku-Ikeda
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Erika Abe
- Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ayumi Inayama
- Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ayano Higuma
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inagaki
- Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Tsuyuzaki
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwamoto
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohno
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokogawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nishikawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazal Boron Biswas
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - A H M Nurun Nabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tsutomu Nakagawa
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Suzuki
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akio Ebihara
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
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Li Y, Zhou J, Zeng X, Yu J. A Novel ACE Inhibitory Peptide Ala-His-Leu-Leu Lowering Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J Med Food 2016; 19:181-6. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - XiaoXiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jianmei Yu
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
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Ortega Moreno L, Copetti M, Fontana A, De Bonis C, Salvemini L, Trischitta V, Menzaghi C. Evidence of a causal relationship between high serum adiponectin levels and increased cardiovascular mortality rate in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:17. [PMID: 26817832 PMCID: PMC4730617 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its beneficial role on insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, adiponectin has been repeatedly reported as an independent positive predictor of cardiovascular mortality. METHODS A Mendelian randomization approach was used, in order to evaluate whether such counterintuitive association recognizes a cause-effect relationship. To this purpose, single nucleotide polymorphism rs822354 in the ADIPOQ locus which has been previously associated with serum adiponectin at genome-wide level, was used as an instrument variable. Our investigation was carried out in the Gargano Heart Study-prospective design, comprising 356 patients with type 2 diabetes, in whom both total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin were measured and cardiovascular mortality was recorded (mean follow-up = 5.4 ± 2.5 years; 58 events/1922 person-year). RESULTS The A allele of rs822354 was associated with both total and HMW adiponectin [β (SE) = 0.10 (0.042), p = 0.014 and 0.17 (0.06), p = 0.003; respectively]. In a Poisson model comprising age, sex, smoking habits, BMI, HbA1c, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin therapy and hypertension, both rs822354 (IRR = 1.94, 95 % CI 1.23-3.07; p = 0.005), as well as the genetic equivalent of total adiponectin change (IRR = 1.07, 95 % CI 1.02-1.12; p = 0.003) were significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality. The observed genetic effect was significantly greater than that exerted by the genetic equivalent change of serum adiponectin (p for IRR heterogeneity = 0.012). In the above-mentioned adjusted model, very similar results were obtained when HMW, rather than total, adiponectin was used as the exposure variable of interest. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the paradoxical association between high serum adiponectin levels and increased cardiovascular mortality rate is based on a cause-effect relationship, thus pointing to an unexpected deleterious role of adiponectin action/metabolism on atherosclerotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ortega Moreno
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Padre Pio, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Unit of Biostatistics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Unit of Biostatistics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
| | - Concetta De Bonis
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Padre Pio, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
| | - Lucia Salvemini
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Padre Pio, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Padre Pio, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy. .,Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudia Menzaghi
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Padre Pio, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
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25
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Wu M, Ai W, Chen L, Zhao S, Liu E. Bradykinin receptors and EphB2/EphrinB2 pathway in response to high glucose-induced osteoblast dysfunction and hyperglycemia-induced bone deterioration in mice. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:565-74. [PMID: 26782642 PMCID: PMC4771119 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out in order to investigate bone dysfunction and the involvement of bradykinin receptors and the Eph/Ephrin signaling pathway in osteoblasts and in mice with diabetes-related osteoporosis in response to exposure to high glucose. Osteogenic transdifferentiation was inhibited when the osteoblasts were exposed to high glucose, and the expression levels of bone formation-related genes [Runx2 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] were decreased, while those of bone resorption-related genes [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)9 and carbonic anhydrase II (CAII)] were increased. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression levels of bradykinin receptor B1 (BK1R)/bradykinin receptor B2 (BK2R) and EphB2/EphrinB2 were significantly decreased in the osteoblasts following exposure to high glucose. Intriguingly, the interaction between BK2R and EphB2/EphrinB2 was confirmed, and BK2R loss-of-function significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of EphB2/EphrinB4. In vivo, hyperglycemia induced the disequilibrium of calcium homeostasis through the inhibition of bone formation and the acceleration of bone resorption, which was manifested by the reduction of trabecular bone mass of the primary and secondary spongiosa, as well as by the increase in the number of mature osteoclasts throughout the proximal tibial metaphysis in mice with diabetes-related osteoporosis. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression levels of BK1R/BK2R and EphB2/EphrinB2 in the tibias of the mice with diabetes-related osteoporosis were significantly decreased. These results demonstrate that bradykinin receptors and the EphB4/EphrinB2 pathway mediate the development of complications in mice with diabetes-related osteoporosis and suggest that the inactivation of bradykinin receptors and the EphB4/EphrinB2 pathway enhance the severity of complications in mice with diabetes-related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Ai
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Sihai Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Transcriptomes reveal the genetic mechanisms underlying ionic regulatory adaptations to salt in the crab-eating frog. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17551. [PMID: 26619819 PMCID: PMC4664912 DOI: 10.1038/srep17551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The crab-eating frog, Fejervarya cancrivora, is the only frog that lives near seas. It tolerates increased environmental concentrations of sodium, chloride and potassium partly by raising ion and urea levels in its blood plasma. The molecular mechanism of the adaptation remains rarely documented. Herein, we analyze transcriptomes of the crab-eating frog and its closely related saline-intolerant species, F. limnocharis, to explore the molecular basis of adaptations to such extreme environmental conditions. Analyses reveal the potential genetic mechanism underlying the adaptation to salinity for the crab-eating frog. Genes in categories associated with ion transport appear to have evolved rapidly in F. cancrivora. Both positively selected and differentially expressed genes exhibit enrichment in the GO category regulation of renal sodium excretion. In this category, the positively selected sites of ANPEP and AVPR2 encode CD13 and V2 receptors, respectively; they fall precisely on conserved domains. More differentially expressed rapidly evolved genes occur in the kidney of F. cancrivora than in F. limnocharis. Four genes involved in the regulation of body fluid levels show signs of positive selection and increased expression. Significant up-regulation occurs in several genes of F. cancrivora associated with renin-angiotensin system and aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption pathways, which relate to osmotic regulation.
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Loukovaara S, Nurkkala H, Tamene F, Gucciardo E, Liu X, Repo P, Lehti K, Varjosalo M. Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Vitreous Humor from Diabetic Retinopathy Patients. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:5131-43. [PMID: 26490944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Initial triggers for diabetic retinopathy (DR) are hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and advanced glycation end-products. The most pathological structural changes occur in retinal microvasculature, but the overall development of DR is multifactorial, with a complex interplay of microvascular, neurodegenerative, genetic/epigenetic, immunological, and secondary inflammation-related factors. Although several individual factors and pathways have been associated with retinopathy, a systems level understanding of the disease is lacking. To address this, we performed mass spectrometry based label-free quantitative proteomics analysis of 138 vitreous humor samples from patients with nonproliferative DR or the more severe proliferative form of the disease. Additionally, we analyzed samples from anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) (bevacizumab)-treated patients from both groups. In our study, we identified 2482 and quantified the abundancy of 1351 vitreous proteins. Of these, the abundancy of 230 proteins was significantly higher in proliferative retinopathy compared with nonproliferative retinopathy. This specific subset of proteins was linked to inflammation, complement, and coagulation cascade proteins, protease inhibitors, apolipoproteins, immunoglobulins, and cellular adhesion molecules, reflecting the multifactorial nature of the disease. The identification of the key molecules of the disease is critical for the development of new therapeutic molecules and for the new use of existing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirpa Loukovaara
- Unit of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helka Nurkkala
- Molecular Systems Biology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Proteomics Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fitsum Tamene
- Molecular Systems Biology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Proteomics Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erika Gucciardo
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology and Haartman Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Molecular Systems Biology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Proteomics Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauliina Repo
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology and Haartman Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology and Haartman Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Molecular Systems Biology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Proteomics Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Fajtová P, Štefanić S, Hradilek M, Dvořák J, Vondrášek J, Jílková A, Ulrychová L, McKerrow JH, Caffrey CR, Mareš M, Horn M. Prolyl Oligopeptidase from the Blood Fluke Schistosoma mansoni: From Functional Analysis to Anti-schistosomal Inhibitors. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003827. [PMID: 26039195 PMCID: PMC4454677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma cause schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease that infects over 240 million people worldwide, and for which there is a need to identify new targets for chemotherapeutic interventions. Our research is focused on Schistosoma mansoni prolyl oligopeptidase (SmPOP) from the serine peptidase family S9, which has not been investigated in detail in trematodes. Methodology/Principal Findings We demonstrate that SmPOP is expressed in adult worms and schistosomula in an enzymatically active form. By immunofluorescence microscopy, SmPOP is localized in the tegument and parenchyma of both developmental stages. Recombinant SmPOP was produced in Escherichia coli and its active site specificity investigated using synthetic substrate and inhibitor libraries, and by homology modeling. SmPOP is a true oligopeptidase that hydrolyzes peptide (but not protein) substrates with a strict specificity for Pro at P1. The inhibition profile is analogous to those for mammalian POPs. Both the recombinant enzyme and live worms cleave host vasoregulatory, proline-containing hormones such as angiotensin I and bradykinin. Finally, we designed nanomolar inhibitors of SmPOP that induce deleterious phenotypes in cultured schistosomes. Conclusions/Significance We provide the first localization and functional analysis of SmPOP together with chemical tools for measuring its activity. We briefly discuss the notion that SmPOP, operating at the host-parasite interface to cleave host bioactive peptides, may contribute to the survival of the parasite. If substantiated, SmPOP could be a new target for the development of anti-schistosomal drugs. Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) is a major global health problem caused by the schistosome flatworm which lives in the bloodstream. Treatment and control of the disease relies on a single drug, and should resistance emerge, there would be increased pressure to discover new drug targets. Proteolytic enzymes are fundamental to the survival of parasites, and, hence, are attractive targets for drug intervention. Oligopeptidases from the S9 family are known virulence factors for protozoan trypanosomatids but have yet to be studied in parasitic flukes. We, therefore, investigated prolyl oligopeptidase in Schistosoma mansoni (SmPOP) and found that it is expressed in those developmental stages that infect humans. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the peptidase’s expression, localization and functional biochemical properties. Interestingly, SmPOP, which is found in the tegument and parenchyma of the parasite, can cleave blood peptides involved in vasoregulation and we discuss how this ability may aid the parasite’s survival. Finally, we designed potent inhibitors of SmPOP that cause deleterious changes in cultured parasites. We conclude that SmPOP is important for parasite survival and may be a potential target for the development of anti-schistosomal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Fajtová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Saša Štefanić
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hradilek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dvořák
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Vondrášek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Jílková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Ulrychová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - James H. McKerrow
- Center for Innovation and Discovery in Parasitic Diseases, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Conor R. Caffrey
- Center for Innovation and Discovery in Parasitic Diseases, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Mareš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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Expressions of angiotensin and cytokine receptors in the paracrine signaling of the carotid body in hypoxia and sleep apnea. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2015; 209:6-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Fung ML. The role of local renin-angiotensin system in arterial chemoreceptors in sleep-breathing disorders. Front Physiol 2014; 5:336. [PMID: 25249981 PMCID: PMC4155775 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays pivotal roles in the regulation of cardiovascular and renal functions to maintain the fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Experimental studies have demonstrated a locally expressed RAS in the carotid body, which is functional significant in the effect of angiotensin peptides on the regulation of the activity of peripheral chemoreceptors and the chemoreflex. The physiological and pathophysiological implications of the RAS in the carotid body have been proposed upon recent studies showing a significant upregulation of the RAS expression under hypoxic conditions relevant to altitude acclimation and sleep apnea and also in animal model of heart failure. Specifically, the increased expression of angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin AT1 receptors plays significant roles in the augmented carotid chemoreceptor activity and inflammation of the carotid body. This review aims to summarize these results with highlights on the pathophysiological function of the RAS under hypoxic conditions. It is concluded that the maladaptive changes of the RAS in the carotid body plays a pathogenic role in sleep apnea and heart failure, which could potentially be a therapeutic target for the treatment of the pathophysiological consequence of sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Lung Fung
- Department of Physiology, University of Hong Kong Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Sheng S, Wang J, Wang L, Liu H, Li P, Liu M, Long C, Xie C, Xie X, Su W. Network pharmacology analyses of the antithrombotic pharmacological mechanism of Fufang Xueshuantong Capsule with experimental support using disseminated intravascular coagulation rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:735-744. [PMID: 24832112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fufang Xueshuantong (FXST) Capsule is developed on a traditional Chinese medicine remedy, with a four-herb formula of Panax notoginseng, Radix astragali, Salvia miltiorrhizae and Radix scrophulariaceae. It has been used for treatment of the clinic cardiovascular disease for many years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Due to its complexity of compositions and polypharmacological effects, it often complicates understanding of the mechanisms of action. In the present work, we have constructed an integrated model of system pharmacology to investigate the polypharmacological mechanisms of FXST formulation for treatment of thrombosis disease. RESULTS The predicted results showed that 22 ingredients in FXST were closely associated with 41 protein targets related to blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation. Through analysis of the compound-protein target association, significant cross-targets between each herb indicated the multiple active chemical ingredients might interact with the same target simultaneously and thus explained the synergistic mechanisms of the principle of Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) as ''Jun (emperor) - Chen (minister) - Zuo (adjuvant) - Shi (courier)''. To validate the polypharmacological effects predicted by our network pharmacology (NetPharm) analysis, we have carried out experimental investigation the effects of FXST on the disorders of the blood coagulation system in a lipopolysaccharide-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) rat model. The results showed that FXST could significantly ameliorate the activation of coagulation system, which is congruent with the cross-target prediction by NetPharm approach. CONCLUSIONS The combined investigations provide more insight into better understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms of FXST, and may also offer an alternative avenue to further explore the chemical and pharmacological basis of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Sheng
- Guangzhou Quality R & D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523325, PR China
| | - Jinxu Wang
- Guangzhou Quality R & D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Visiting Scholar in Xie's laboratory at University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Lirong Wang
- Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Guangzhou Quality R & D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Peibo Li
- Guangzhou Quality R & D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Menghua Liu
- Guangzhou Quality R & D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Chaofeng Long
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523325, PR China
| | - Chengshi Xie
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523325, PR China
| | - Xiangqun Xie
- Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangzhou Quality R & D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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Espejo-Carpio FJ, Guadix A, Guadix EM. Spray Drying of Goat Milk Protein Hydrolysates with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-013-1230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wong MKS, Takei Y. Lack of plasma kallikrein-kinin system cascade in teleosts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81057. [PMID: 24278376 PMCID: PMC3835742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) consists of two major cascades in mammals: “plasma KKS” consisting of high molecular-weight (HMW) kininogen (KNG), plasma kallikrein (KLKB1), and bradykinin (BK); and “tissue KKS” consisting of low molecular-weight (LMW) KNG, tissue kallikreins (KLKs), and [Lys0]-BK. Some components of the KKS have been identified in the fishes, but systematic analyses have not been performed, thus this study aims to define the KKS components in teleosts and pave a way for future physiological and evolutionary studies. Through a combination of genomics, molecular, and biochemical methods, we showed that the entire plasma KKS cascade is absent in teleosts. Instead of two KNGs as found in mammals, a single molecular weight KNG was found in various teleosts, which is homologous to the mammalian LMW KNG. Results of molecular phylogenetic and synteny analyses indicated that the all current teleost genomes lack KLKB1, and its unique protein structure, four apple domains and one trypsin domain, could not be identified in any genome or nucleotide databases. We identified some KLK-like proteins in teleost genomes by synteny and conserved domain analyses, which could be the orthologs of tetrapod KLKs. A radioimmunoassay system was established to measure the teleost BK and we found that [Arg0]-BK is the major circulating form instead of BK, which supports that the teleost KKS is similar to the mammalian tissue KKS. Coincidently, coelacanths are the earliest vertebrate that possess both HMW KNG and KLKB1, which implies that the plasma KKS could have evolved in the early lobe-finned fish and descended to the tetrapod lineage. The co-evolution of HMW KNG and KLKB1 in lobe-finned fish and early tetrapods may mark the emergence of the plasma KKS and a contact activation system in blood coagulation, while teleosts may have retained a single KKS cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marty Kwok-Shing Wong
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoshio Takei
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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Fernández-Musoles R, Salom JB, Castelló-Ruiz M, Contreras MDM, Recio I, Manzanares P. Bioavailability of antihypertensive lactoferricin B-derived peptides: Transepithelial transport and resistance to intestinal and plasma peptidases. Int Dairy J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sharifi N, Souri E, Ziai SA, Amin G, Amini M, Amanlou M. Isolation, identification and molecular docking studies of a new isolated compound, from Onopordon acanthium: a novel angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 148:934-939. [PMID: 23743058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Onopordon acanthium (also known as Scotch thistle) is a medicinal plant of the Asteraceae family that is widely distributed in Europe and Asia. This plant has been long used in traditional medicine as a hypotensive, cardiotonic and diuretic agent. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study is designed to isolate an active compound with ACE inhibition activity from O. acanthium, measure antioxidant activity, predict domain specificity and pharmacokinetic properties of the isolated compound. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanolic extract of O. acanthium seeds, has been subjected to a repeated column chromatography to give a pure compound with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity. The ACE inhibition activity was determined using hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine (HHL) as substrate in an in vitro ACE assay. Structure of the pure compound, isolated from O. acanthium has been established by spectroscopic methods, including Infrared (IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass spectrum analysis. In addition, antioxidant activity of the new isolated compound, was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and compared with those of BHT and Trolox as positive controls. Enzyme type inhibition and ACE-C or N domain specificity of the new compound was further evaluated through molecular modeling and docking studies. RESULTS Structure of the pure compound, isolated from O. acanthium (83±1% ACE inhibition activity at concentration of 330 μg/ml), has been established. The isolated compound possessed acceptable antioxidant activity (IC50 value of 2.6±0.04 μg/ml) in comparison with BHT (IC50 value of 10.3±0.15 μg/ml) and Trolox (IC50 value of 3.2±0.06 μg/ml). Molecular docking predicted competitive type enzyme inhibition and approximately similar affinity of the isolated compound for ACE-C and N domains. CONCLUSION The results derived from computational and in vitro experiments, confirm the potential of the isolated compound, from O. acanthium as a new antihypertensive compound and give additional scientific support to an anecdotal use of O. acanthium in traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular disease such as hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niusha Sharifi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Marcus Y, Shefer G, Sasson K, Kohen F, Limor R, Pappo O, Nevo N, Biton I, Bach M, Berkutzki T, Fridkin M, Benayahu D, Shechter Y, Stern N. Angiotensin 1-7 as means to prevent the metabolic syndrome: lessons from the fructose-fed rat model. Diabetes 2013; 62:1121-30. [PMID: 23250359 PMCID: PMC3609575 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of chronic angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) treatment in an experimental model of the metabolic syndrome, i.e., rats given high-fructose/low-magnesium diet (HFrD). Rats were fed on HFrD for 24 weeks with and without Ang 1-7 (576 µg/kg/day, s.c., Alzet pumps). After 6 months, Ang 1-7-treated animals had lower body weight (-9.5%), total fat mass (detected by magnetic resonance imaging), and serum triglycerides (-51%), improved glucose tolerance, and better insulin sensitivity. Similar metabolic effects were also evident, albeit in the absence of weight loss, in rats first exposed to HFrD for 5 months and then subjected to short-term (4 weeks) treatment with Ang 1-7. Six months of Ang 1-7 treatment were associated with lower plasma renin activity (-40%) and serum aldosterone (-48%), less hepatosteatatitis, and a reduction in epididymal adipocyte volume. The marked attenuation of macrophage infiltration in white adipose tissue (WAT) was associated with reduced levels of the pP65 protein in the epididymal fat tissue, suggesting less activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) pathway in Ang 1-7-treated rats. WAT from Ang 1-7-treated rats showed reduced NADPH-stimulated superoxide production. In single muscle fibers (myofibers) harvested and grown ex vivo for 10 days, myofibers from HFrD rats gave rise to 20% less myogenic cells than the Ang 1-7-treated rats. Fully developed adipocytes were present in most HFrD myofiber cultures but entirely absent in cultures from Ang 1-7-treated rats. In summary, Ang 1-7 had an ameliorating effect on insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, fatty liver, obesity, adipositis, and myogenic and adipogenic differentiation in muscle tissue in the HFrD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonit Marcus
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gabi Shefer
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Keren Sasson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Fortune Kohen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rona Limor
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Pappo
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nava Nevo
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Inbal Biton
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Bach
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamara Berkutzki
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Matityahu Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dafna Benayahu
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoram Shechter
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Naftali Stern
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Corresponding author: Naftali Stern,
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Elphick MR. The protein precursors of peptides that affect the mechanics of connective tissue and/or muscle in the echinoderm Apostichopus japonicus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44492. [PMID: 22952987 PMCID: PMC3432112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides that cause muscle relaxation or contraction or that modulate electrically-induced muscle contraction have been discovered in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Phylum Echinodermata; Class Holothuroidea). By analysing transcriptome sequence data, here the protein precursors of six of these myoactive peptides (the SALMFamides Sticho-MFamide-1 and -2, NGIWYamide, stichopin, GN-19 and GLRFA) have been identified, providing novel insights on neuropeptide and endocrine-type signalling systems in echinoderms. The A. japonicus SALMFamide precursor comprises eight putative neuropeptides including both L-type and F-type SALMFamides, which contrasts with previous findings from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus where L-type and F-type SALMFamides are encoded by different genes. The NGIWYamide precursor contains five copies of NGIWYamide but, unlike other NG peptide-type neuropeptide precursors in deuterostomian invertebrates, the NGIWYamide precursor does not have a C-terminal neurophysin domain, indicating loss of this character in holothurians. NGIWYamide was originally discovered as a muscle contractant, but it also causes stiffening of mutable connective tissue in the body wall of A. japonicus, whilst holokinins (PLGYMFR and derivative peptides) cause softening of the body wall. However, the mechanisms by which these peptides affect the stiffness of body wall connective tissue are unknown. Interestingly, analysis of the A. japonicus transcriptome reveals that the only protein containing the holokinin sequence PLGYMFR is an alpha-5 type collagen. This suggests that proteolysis of collagen may generate peptides (holokinins) that affect body wall stiffness in sea cucumbers, providing a novel perspective on mechanisms of mutable connective tissue in echinoderms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice R Elphick
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, London, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Angioedema is a serious complication of renin-angiotensin system inhibitor therapy. The incidence is 0.1-0.7%. It consists of nonpitting edema and involves the face and lips. In severe cases, it extends to pharyngeal and laryngeal structures. RECENT FINDINGS Decreased degradation of bradykinin and its metabolites is thought to be a culprit. When the angiotensin-converting enzyme is inhibited, bradykinin metabolism is dependent on degradation by neutral endopeptidase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, and aminopeptidase P. When these enzymes are inhibited, as in treatment of diabetes or in transplant recipients, the incidence of angioedema increases significantly. African-Americans, people over 65, women, and those with a history of smoking are especially at risk. A fiberoptic laryngeal examination should be performed in all patients. Patients with rapid progression of symptoms are at risk for airway compromise. Supportive treatment with steroids and antihistamines is not very effective. Recently, icatibant, a bradykinin receptor antagonist, has been used to successfully shorten the resolution of edema. SUMMARY Trauma of the airway, especially during difficult intubation, may precipitate severe angioedema. In cases with laryngeal involvement, fiberoptic intubation may be necessary. After the episode of angioedema, lifetime discontinuation of all renin-angiotensin inhibitors may be warranted.
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Hardt M, Lam DK, Dolan JC, Schmidt BL. Surveying proteolytic processes in human cancer microenvironments by microdialysis and activity-based mass spectrometry. Proteomics Clin Appl 2012; 5:636-43. [PMID: 22262628 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We present a strategy to survey proteolytic processes that occur in human cancer microenvironments. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In situ microdialysis during oral cancer surgery was combined with mass spectrometry-based proteomics to analyze interstitial fluid surrounding tumors and anatomically matched normal sites. Protease activity-based (18)O-profiling was utilized to reveal peptides that were processed by co-collected proteases ex vivo. RESULTS We demonstrated for the first time the use of microdialysis in humans to collect interstitial fluid from cancer microenvironments. Proteomic profiling identified proteases and inhibitors in the microdialysis samples. A subset of peptides displayed characteristic (18)O-isotope patterns that indicated processing by endogenous proteases. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The presented approach provides unprecedented views of in vivo targets of proteases without disrupting the cancer or surrounding tissue. The methodology can be broadly adapted to other physiological conditions in which proteolytic mediators are involved (e.g. arthritic joints, inflamed muscle, other types of cancer) and where a comparison of normal and pathological tissue is sought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hardt
- Boston Biomedical Research Institute, Watertown, MA, USA.
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Antihypertensive effect of a bovine lactoferrin pepsin hydrolysate: Identification of novel active peptides. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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Li Y, Zhou J, Huang K, Sun Y, Zeng X. Purification of a novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide with an antihypertensive effect from loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:1320-1325. [PMID: 22224920 DOI: 10.1021/jf204118n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To isolate and characterize novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide from loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), six proteases, pepsin, α-chymotrypsin, bromelain, papain, alcalase, and Neutrase, were used to hydrolyze loach protein. The hydrolysate (LPH) generated by bromelain [ratio of enzyme to substrate, 3:1000 (w/w)] was found to have the highest ACE inhibitory activity (IC(50), 613.2 ± 8.3 μg/mL). Therefore, it was treated by ultrafiltration to afford fraction of LPH-IV (MW < 2.5 kDa) with an IC(50) of 231.2 ± 3.8 μg/mL, having higher activity than the other fractions. Then, LPH-IV was isolated and purified by consecutive purification steps of gel filtration chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography to afford a purified peptide with an IC(50) of 18.2 ± 0.9 μg/mL, an increase of 33.7-fold in ACE inhibitory activity as compared with that of LPH. The purified peptide was identified as Ala-His-Leu-Leu (452 Da) by Q-TOF mass spectrometry and amino acid analyzer. An antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats revealed that oral administration of LPH-IV could decrease systolic blood pressure significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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42
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Gonçalves PB, Ferreira R, Gasperin B, Oliveira JF. Role of angiotensin in ovarian follicular development and ovulation in mammals: a review of recent advances. Reproduction 2012; 143:11-20. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-11-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang) II is widely known for its role in the control of systemic blood vessels. Moreover, Ang II acts on the vascular control of ovarian function, corpus luteum formation, and luteolysis. Over the past 10 years, our research group has been studying the new concept of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) as an autocrine/paracrine factor regulating steroidogenesis and promoting different cellular responses in the ovary, beyond vascular function. We have developed and used differentin vivoandin vitroexperimental models to study the role of RAS in the ovary and a brief overview of our findings is presented here. It is widely accepted that there are marked species differences in RAS function in follicle development. Examples of species-specific functions of the RAS in the ovary include the involvement of Ang II in the regulation of follicle atresia in rats vs the requirement of this peptide for the dominant follicle development and ovulation in rabbits and cattle. More recently, Ang-(1–7), its receptor, and enzymes for its synthesis (ACE2, NEP, and PEP) were identified in bovine follicles, implying that Ang-(1–7) has an ovarian function. Other novel RAS components (e.g. (pro)renin receptor and renin-binding protein) recently identified in the bovine ovary show that ovarian RAS is poorly understood and more complex than previously thought. In the present review, we have highlighted the progress toward understanding the paracrine and autocrine control of ovarian antral follicle development and ovulation by ovarian tissue RAS, focusing onin vivostudies using cattle as a model.
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Lim SM, Lee NK, Park KK, Yoon YC, Paik HD. ACE-inhibitory Effect and Physicochemical Characteristics of Yogurt Beverage Fortified with Whey Protein Hydrolysates. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2011. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2011.31.6.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Ilha GF, dos Santos JT, da Silveira AM, Gutierrez K, Gewehr CDCV, de Oliveira SM, Ferreira J, Gonçalves PBD, de Oliveira JFC. Characterization of the kallikrein-kinin system during the bovine ovulation process. Peptides 2011; 32:2122-6. [PMID: 21939705 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) has been described as an important mediator of physiologic processes. Kallikreins use kininogen (KNG) as substrate to generate bradykinin, the main active peptide of the KKS that acts through two types of receptors, the B(1)R and the B(2)R. The goal of this study was to characterize some components of the KKS in different compartments of the ovary during the bovine ovulation process. The KNG, B(1)R and B(2)R mRNA expression patterns were assessed in theca and granulosa cells, as well as the bradykinin concentration and kallikrein-like activity in follicular fluid of bovine periovulatory follicles. To obtain a periovulatory follicle (≥12 mm), twenty-seven cows were submitted to estrus synchronization protocol and ovariectomized by colpotomy at 0, 3, 6, 12 or 24h after a GnRH-analog injection (gonadorelin; 100 μg, IM). Follicular fluid was aspirated for enzymatic assays while granulosa and theca cells were harvested for mRNA analysis. The mRNA expressions in follicular cells were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR and data representation related to the cyclophilin housekeeping gene. The bradykinin concentration and kallikrein-like activity were measured in follicular fluid by enzymatic immunoassay and selective substrate cleavage, respectively. The B(2)R expression in theca cells and B(1)R expression in theca and granulosa cells showed different profiles during the periovulatory period (P<0.05). The bradykinin concentration and kallikrein-like activity in the follicular fluid were different (P<0.05) due to the time during the ovulation process. KNG mRNA expression was similar for both follicular cell types (P>0.05). Taken together, these results provide an important characterization of the presence and possible KKS regulation during the bovine ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Freitas Ilha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Application of 13C stable isotope labeling liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring-tandem mass spectrometry method for determining intact absorption of bioactive dipeptides in rats. Anal Biochem 2011; 414:109-16. [PMID: 21377441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MRM-MS/MS) method using (13)C stable isotope-labeled dipeptides was newly developed to simultaneously determine the absorption of three antihypertensive peptides (Val-Tyr, Met-Tyr, and Leu-Tyr) into blood of spontaneously hypertensive rats in one run-in assay. After extracting (13)C-labeled peptides in blood sample with a C(18) cartridge, the extract was applied to a (13)C monoisotopic transition LC-MRM-MS/MS system with D-Val-Tyr included as internal standard. An excellent separation of each dipeptide in LC was achieved at the elution condition of 5-100% methanol in 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.25 ml/min. The (13)C-labeled peptides ionized by electron spray were detected in the positive ion mode within 15 min. The established method showed high reproducibility with less than 10% coefficient of variation as well as high accuracy of more than 85%. After the administration of a mixture containing the three (13)C-labeled dipeptides to rats at each dose of 30 mg/kg, we could successfully determine the intact absorption of each (13)C-labeled peptide with the maximal absorption amount of 1.1 ng/ml plasma for Val-Tyr by the proposed LC-MRM-MS/MS method.
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Chajkowski SM, Mallela J, Watson DE, Wang J, McCurdy CR, Rimoldi JM, Shariat-Madar Z. Highly selective hydrolysis of kinins by recombinant prolylcarboxypeptidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 405:338-43. [PMID: 21167814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have previously cloned a cDNA encoding human prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP) and expressed the cDNA in the Schneider 2 (S2) drosophila cell line. Here, we further characterized this recombinant enzyme. Investigations were performed to determine whether recombinant PRCP (rPRCP) metabolizes kinins (BK 1-9 and BK 1-8). The metabolites of these kinins were identified by LC/MS. rPRCP metabolized BK 1-8 to BK 1-7, whereas rPRCP was ineffective in metabolizing BK 1-9. The hydrolysis of BK 1-8 by rPRCP was dose- and time-dependent. A homology model of PRCP was developed based upon the sequence of dipeptidyl-peptidase 7 (DPP7, PDB ID: 3JYH), and providentially, the structure of PRCP (PDB ID: 3N2Z) was characterized during the course of our investigation. Docking studies of bradykinin oligopeptides were performed both from the homology model, and from the crystal structure of PRCP. These docking studies may provide a better understanding of the contribution of specific residues involved in substrate selectivity of human PRCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Chajkowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
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Ruiz-Giménez P, Ibáñez A, Salom JB, Marcos JF, López-Díez JJ, Vallés S, Torregrosa G, Alborch E, Manzanares P. Antihypertensive properties of lactoferricin B-derived peptides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:6721-6727. [PMID: 20446662 DOI: 10.1021/jf100899u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A set of eight lactoferricin B (LfcinB)-derived peptides was examined for inhibitory effects on angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and ACE-dependent vasoconstriction, and their hypotensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Peptides were derived from different elongations both at the C-terminal and N-terminal ends of the representative peptide LfcinB(20-25), which is known as the LfcinB antimicrobial core. All of the eight LfcinB-derived peptides showed in vitro inhibitory effects on ACE activity with different IC(50) values. Moreover, seven of them showed ex vivo inhibitory effects on ACE-dependent vasoconstriction. No clear correlation between in vitro and ex vivo inhibitory effects was found. Only LfcinB(20-25) and one of its fragments, F1, generated after a simulated gastrointestinal digestion, showed significant antihypertensive effects in SHR after oral administration. Remarkably, F1 did not show any effect on ACE-dependent vasoconstriction in contrast to the inhibitory effect showed by LfcinB(20-25). In conclusion, two LfcinB-derived peptides lower blood pressure and exhibit potential as orally effective antihypertensive compounds, yet a complete elucidation of the mechanism(s) involved deserves further ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ruiz-Giménez
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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A structural network associated with the kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin systems. Biol Chem 2010; 391:443-54. [DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin (KKS-RAS) systems represent two highly regulated proteolytic systems that are involved in several physiological and pathological processes. Although their protein-protein interactions can be studied using experimental approaches, it is difficult to differentiate between direct physical interactions and functional associations, which do not involve direct atomic contacts between macromolecules. This information can be obtained from an atomic-resolution characterization of the protein interfaces. As a result of this, various three-dimensional-based protein-protein interaction databases have become available. To gain insight into the multilayered interaction of the KKS-RAS systems, we present a protein network that is built up on three-dimensional domain-domain interactions. The essential domains that link these systems are as follows: Cystatin, Peptidase_C1, Thyroglobulin_1, Insulin, CIMR (Cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor repeat), fn2 (Fibronectin type II domain), fn1 (Fibronectin type I domain), EGF, Trypsin, and Serpin. We found that the CIMR domain is located at the core of the network, thus connecting both systems. From the latter, all domain interactors up to level 4 were retrieved, thus displaying a more comprehensive representation of the KKS-RAS structural network.
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Kininogens: More than cysteine protease inhibitors and kinin precursors. Biochimie 2010; 92:1568-79. [PMID: 20346387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two kininogens are found in mammalian sera: HK (high molecular weight kininogen) and LK (low molecular weight kininogen) with the exception of the rat which encompasses a third kininogen, T-Kininogen (TK). Kininogens are multifunctional glycosylated molecules related to cystatins (clan IH, family I25). They harbor three cystatin domains but only two of them are tight-binding inhibitors of cysteine cathepsins. HK and LK, but not TK, are precursors of potent peptide hormones, the kinins, which are released proteolytically by tissue and plasma kallikreins. Besides these classical features novel functions of kininogens have been recently discovered; they are described in the second part of this review. HKa, which corresponds to the kinin-free two-chain HK and its isolated domain D5 (kininostatin), possesses angiostatic and pro-apoptotic properties, inhibits the proliferation of endothelial cells and participates in the regulation of angiogenesis. Moreover, some HK-derived peptides display potent and broad-spectrum microbicidal properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and thus may offer a promising alternative to conventional antibiotic therapy. Of seminal interest, a kininogen-derived peptide inhibits activation of the contact phase system of coagulation and protects mice with invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infection from pulmonary lesions. On the other hand, TK is a biomarker of aging at the end of lifespan of elderly rats. However, although TK has been initially identified as an acute phase reactant, and earlier known as alpha-l-acute phase globulin, the increase of TK in liver and plasma is not known to relate to any inflammatory event during the senescence process.
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Pihlanto A, Virtanen T, Korhonen H. Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and antihypertensive effect of fermented milk. Int Dairy J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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