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Son ES, Kim SH, Kim YO, Lee YE, Kyung SY, Jeong SH, Kim YJ, Park JW. Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen Stapf sprout extract induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:312. [PMID: 31729992 PMCID: PMC6858790 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer-related mortality in females. Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen (Rom.Caill.) Stapf ex Hook. f. is the most widely recognized medicinal herb for its remedial effects against inflammation, endocrine system dysfunctions, warts, chapped skin, rheumatism, and neuralgia and is also a nourishing food. Methods To investigate the activity of Coix lacryma-jobi sprout extract (CLSE) on cell proliferation in human cervical cancer HeLa cells, we conducted a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Flow-cytometric analysis and western blot analysis were performed to verify the effect of CLSE on the regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis in HeLa cells. Results We observed that CLSE significantly inhibited cell proliferation. Furthermore, CLSE dose-dependently promoted cell cycle arrest at the sub-G1/ S phase in HeLa cells, as detected by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining. The cell-cycle-arrest effects of CLSE in HeLa cells were associated with downregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) 2, 4, and 6. Moreover, CLSE induced apoptosis, as determined by flow-cytometric analysis and nuclear DNA fragmentation with Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) and 4′6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Induction of apoptosis by CLSE was involved in inhibition of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and upregulation of the apoptotic proteins p53, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-8. Finally, we observed that CLSE inactivated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT) pathways. Conclusions CLSE causes cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death through inactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in HeLa cells, suggesting it is a viable therapeutic agent for cervical cancer owing to its anticancer effects.
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2
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In-vitro cytotoxicity of Trigona itama honey against human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (A549). Eur J Integr Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2019.100955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Hu K, Liu C, Li J, Liang F. Copper(ii) complexes based on quinoline-derived Schiff-base ligands: synthesis, characterization, HSA/DNA binding ability, and anticancer activity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1663-1672. [PMID: 30429971 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00223a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Three copper(ii) complexes, [Cu(L1)(NO3)2] (C1), [Cu(L2)Cl2] (C2) and [Cu(L2)SO4]2·H2O (C3), were designed and synthesized by the reaction of Cu(NO3)2·3H2O, CuCl2·2H2O and CuSO4·5H2O with a quinoline-derived Schiff base ligand, L1 or L2, prepared by the condensation of quinoline-8-carbaldehyde with 4-aminobenzoic acid methyl ester or 4-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester (benzocaine). The efficient bindings of the C1-C3 complexes with human serum albumin (HSA) and calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were analyzed by spectroscopy and molecular docking. These complexes could significantly quench the fluorescence of HSA through the static quenching process, and hydrophobic interactions with HSA through the sub-domain IIA and IIIA cavities. The complexes bind to DNA via the intercalative mode and they fit well into the curved contour of the DNA target in the minor groove region. Furthermore, the interaction abilities of the Cu(ii) complexes with HSA/DNA were greater as compared to their corresponding ligands. Interestingly, C1-C3, particularly C3, exhibited more cytotoxicity toward HeLa cells compared to normal HL-7702 cells and three other tumor cell lines (Hep-G2, NCI-H460, and MGC80-3). Their cytotoxicity toward the HeLa cell lines was 1.9-3.5-fold more potent than cisplatin. Further studies indicated that these complexes arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase and promoted tumor cell apoptosis via a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Hu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Chensi Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Jingui Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Fupei Liang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , P. R. China . ; .,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials , College of Chemistry and Bioengineering , Guilin University of Technology , Guilin 541004 , China
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4
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Sui Y, Li S, Shi P, Wu Y, Li Y, Chen W, Huang L, Yao H, Lin X. Ethyl acetate extract from Selaginella doederleinii Hieron inhibits the growth of human lung cancer cells A549 via caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 190:261-71. [PMID: 27292193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Selaginella doederleinii Hieron has been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of different cancers, especially for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, lung cancer and trophoblastic tumor in China. Previously, the ethyl acetate extract from S. doederleinii (SDEA extract) showed favorable anti-cancer potentials. However, the main chemical composition and anticancer mechanism of the SDEA extract were still not very clear. Until now, there are no reports available about the oral toxicity of the extract. AIM OF STUDY The present study was to further elucidate the chemical composition and anti-lung cancer mechanism of the SDEA extract, and evaluate the acute oral toxicity of the extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS The SDEA extract was separated and analysed by HPLC to disclose its main chemicals. The effects of the extract were then investigated in vitro on cell viability, apoptosis and cell cycle using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, and the molecular mechanism against human lung cancer cells A549 was further studied by western blot assays. The in vivo anti-cancer effect of the extract was evaluated in A549 xenograft mice model by histochemical assay, and tumor growth, microvascular density (MVD) and Ki67 expression were also measured. In addition, acute oral toxicity test of the extract was executed in mice. RESULTS SDEA extract mainly contained eight biflavonoids. The extract caused the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and induced cell apoptosis by upregulating Bax, downregulating Bcl-2, activating caspase-9 and caspase-3 and blocked the cell cycle in S phase. The extract reduced expression of antigen Ki67, decreased MVD, and significantly inhibited the tumor growth. The extract did not show apparent oral acute toxicity in healthy mice. CONCLUSION The SDEA extract exerted anti-tumor effect through activating mitochondrial pathways and reducing Ki67 expression and MVD. Low oral acute toxicity suggested it a promising chemotherapy agent.
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MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Acetates/chemistry
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/toxicity
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Caspases/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/blood supply
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/enzymology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Microvessels/drug effects
- Microvessels/pathology
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/administration & dosage
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/toxicity
- Plants, Medicinal
- S Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Selaginellaceae/chemistry
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Solvents/chemistry
- Time Factors
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Sui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Pharmacy, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Shaoguang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Peiying Shi
- Department of TCM resource and Apitherapy, Bee Science College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Youjia Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fujian Center For Disease Control & Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Weiying Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Liying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - XinHua Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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5
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Deng J, Chen W, Deng H. Synthesis of Dipyridyl Ketone Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone Copper(II) Complex: Structure, Anticancer Activity and Anticancer Mechanism. J Fluoresc 2016; 26:1987-1996. [PMID: 27488686 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to better understand the biological efficacy of the tridentate aroyl hydrazone Cu(II) complexes, the Cu(II) complex of di-2-pyridyl ketone isonicotinoyl hydrazone ligand (HL), {[Cu(L)(H2O)]·H2O·NO3}n (C1) was synthesized and characterized. Single crystal X-ray study reveals that complex C1 forms 1D zigzag chains in solid state. In water, the hydrolysis of the 1D zigzag chains was observed, and finally formation of monomeric species. In vitro studies revealed that complex C1 showed significantly more anticancer activity than the ligand alone. Investigation of the anticancer mechanisms of C1, confirmed that the Cu(II) complex exhibit a strong capacity to promote productions of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunGang Deng
- Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical College, 109 Huancheng North Road, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical College, 109 Huancheng North Road, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Hang Deng
- Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical College, 109 Huancheng North Road, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
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6
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Deng J, Gou Y, Chen W, Fu X, Deng H. The Cu/ligand stoichiometry effect on the coordination behavior of aroyl hydrazone with copper(II): Structure, anticancer activity and anticancer mechanism. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2190-8. [PMID: 27056799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to better understand the biological efficacy of the tridentate aroyl hydrazone Cu(II) complexes, three Cu(II) complexes of acetylpyridine benzoyl hydrazone (HL), [Cu(L)(NO3) (H2O)]·H2O (C1), [Cu(L)2] (C2) and [Cu(L)(HL)]·(NO3)(Sas) (C3) (Sas=salicylic acid) were synthesized and characterized. X-ray crystal structures and infrared (IR) spectra of the complexes reveal that the L(-) ligand of C1 and C2 are predominantly in the enolate resonance form, while one L(-) ligand in C3 is represented enolate resonance form and the other HL ligand exhibits keto resonance form. All Cu(II) complexes showed significantly more anticancer activity than the ligand alone. Interestingly, the Cu complexes where the ligand/metal ratio was 1:1 (C1) rather than 2:1 (C2 and C3) had higher antitumor efficacy. Moreover, the 1:1 Cu/ligand complex, C1, promotes A549 cell apoptosis possibly through the intrinsic reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated mitochondrial pathway, accompanied by the regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunGang Deng
- Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yi Gou
- Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiang Fu
- Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Hang Deng
- Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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7
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Liu KC, Shih TY, Kuo CL, Ma YS, Yang JL, Wu PP, Huang YP, Lai KC, Chung JG. Sulforaphane Induces Cell Death Through G2/M Phase Arrest and Triggers Apoptosis in HCT 116 Human Colon Cancer Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:1289-1310. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate, exists exclusively in cruciferous vegetables, and has been shown to possess potent antitumor and chemopreventive activity. However, there is no available information that shows SFN affecting human colon cancer HCT 116 cells. In the present study, we found that SFN induced cell morphological changes, which were photographed by contrast-phase microscopy, and decreased viability. SFN also induced G2/M phase arrest and cell apoptosis in HCT 116 cells, which were measured with flow cytometric assays. Western blotting indicated that SFN increased Cyclin A, cdk 2, Cyclin B and WEE1, but decreased Cdc 25C, cdk1 protein expressions that led to G2/M phase arrest. Apoptotic cell death was also confirmed by Annexin V/PI and DAPI staining and DNA gel electrophoresis in HCT 116 cells after exposure to SFN. The flow cytometric assay also showed that SFN induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca[Formula: see text] and decreased mitochondria membrane potential and increased caspase-8, -9 and -3 activities in HCT 116 cell. Western blotting also showed that SFN induced the release of cytochrome c, and AIF, which was confirmed by confocal microscopy examination. SFN induced ER stress-associated protein expression. Based on those observations, we suggest that SFN may be used as a novel anticancer agent for the treatment of human colon cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ching Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ying Shih
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Long Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ping Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chi Lai
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
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8
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Gou Y, Qi J, Ajayi JP, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Wu X, Yang F, Liang H. Developing Anticancer Copper(II) Pro-drugs Based on the Nature of Cancer Cells and the Human Serum Albumin Carrier IIA Subdomain. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3597-609. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gou
- State
Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China. Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinxu Qi
- State
Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China. Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Joshua-Paul Ajayi
- Ben
May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yao Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China. Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Zuping Zhou
- Guangxi
Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wu
- Ben
May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Feng Yang
- State
Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China. Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong Liang
- State
Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China. Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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9
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Selenocystine-induced cell apoptosis and S-phase arrest inhibit human triple-negative breast cancer cell proliferation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015. [PMID: 26194802 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with limited effective treatment options. New therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to improve the prognosis of TNBC. Here we demonstrated that a redox modulator, selenocystine (SeC), significantly inhibits TNBC cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Through cell apoptosis assays and cell cycle distribution analyses, we have shown that the in vitro inhibitory effect of SeC on TNBC cells can be attributed to the induction of apoptosis and the S-phase arrest in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, this finding implies that SeC potentially is a novel therapeutic agent for TNBC.
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10
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Tian X, Li L, Pei J, Yue R, Fang X, Zhang J, He W, Shan L, Shen Y, Zhang W. (−) and (+)-Merrilliaquinone, a pair of new quinone enantiomers from Illicium merrillianum and their distinctive effect on human hepatoma and hepatic cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15074d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new quinone enantiomers (−) and (+)-merrilliaquinone (1a, 1b) were isolated from Illicium merrillianum, 1b exhibited a selective cytotoxicity between human hepatoma cell lines and normal human hepatic cells, while 1a didn't have such activity.
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11
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Fan C, Wu Q, Chen T, Zhang Y, Zheng W, Wang Q, Mei W. Arene ruthenium(ii) complexes induce S-phase arrest in MG-63 cells through stabilization of c-Myc G-quadruplex DNA. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00367a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Wu M, Zhang H, Hu J, Weng Z, Li C, Li H, Zhao Y, Mei X, Ren F, Li L. Isoalantolactone inhibits UM-SCC-10A cell growth via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76000. [PMID: 24098753 PMCID: PMC3786891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoalantolactone is a sesquiterpene lactone compound isolated from the roots of Inula helenium L. Previous studies have demonstrated that isoalantolactone possesses antifungal, anti-bacterial, anti-helminthic and anti-proliferative properties in a variety of cells, but there are no studies concerning its effects on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In the present study, an MTT assay demonstrated that isoalantolactone has anti-proliferative activity against the HNSCC cell line (UM-SCC-10A). Immunostaining identified that this compound induced UM-SCC-10A cell apoptosis but not necrosis. To explain the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects, flow cytometry and western blot analysis showed that the apoptosis was associated with cell cycle arrest during the G1 phase, up-regulation of p53 and p21, and down-regulation of cyclin D. Furthermore, our results revealed that induction of apoptosis through a mitochondrial pathway led to up-regulation of pro-apoptotic protein expression (Bax), down-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein expression (Bcl-2), mitochondrial release of cytochrome c (Cyto c), reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and activation of caspase-3 (Casp-3). Involvement of the caspase apoptosis pathway was confirmed using caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK pretreatment. Together, our findings suggest that isoalantolactone induced caspase-dependent apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway and was associated with cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase in UM-SCC-10A cells. Therefore, isoalantolactone may become a potential drug for treating HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jiehua Hu
- Educational Technologies and Simulation Training Centre, Naval University of Engineering Tianjin Campus, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyong Weng
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chenyuan Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Fu Ren
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- * E-mail: (FR); (LL)
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- * E-mail: (FR); (LL)
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13
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Synthesis, visible light photocleavage, antiproliferative and cellular uptake properties of ruthenium complex [Ru(phen)2(mitatp)]2+. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 55:146-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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14
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Ruthenium methylimidazole complexes induced apoptosis in lung cancer A549 cells through intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Biochimie 2011; 94:345-53. [PMID: 21816206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) methylimidazole complexes, with the general formula [Ru(MeIm)(4)(N⌢N)](2+) (N⌢N = tip (RMC1), iip (RMC2), dppz (RMC3), dpq (RMC4); MeIm = 1-methylimidazole, tip = 2-(thiophene-2-yl)-1H-imidazo [4,5-f] [1,10]phenanthroline, iip = 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1H-imidazo [4,5-f] [1,10]phenanthroline, dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine, dpq = pyrazino [2,3-f] [1,10]phenanthroline), were synthesized and characterized. As determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, these complexes displayed potent anti-proliferation activity against various cancer cells. RMC1 inhibited the growth of A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) lung cells through induction of apoptotic cell death, as evidenced by the accumulation of cell population in sub-G1 phase. RMC1 also induced the depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential in A549 cells by regulating the expression of pro-survival and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. Another experiment showed that Bid protein was also activated by RMC1, which implied that RMC1 could existed two pathways crosstalk, namely, have exogenous death receptor signaling pathway. These results demonstrated that RMC1 induced cancer cell death by acting on both mitochondrial and death receptor apoptotic pathways, suggesting that RMC1 could be a candidate for further evaluation as a chemotherapeutic agent against human cancers.
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15
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Fimognari C, Lenzi M, Ferruzzi L, Turrini E, Scartezzini P, Poli F, Gotti R, Guerrini A, Carulli G, Ottaviano V, Cantelli-Forti G, Hrelia P. Mitochondrial pathway mediates the antileukemic effects of Hemidesmus indicus, a promising botanical drug. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21544. [PMID: 21738701 PMCID: PMC3125193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although cancers are characterized by the deregulation of multiple signalling pathways, most current anticancer therapies involve the modulation of a single target. Because of the enormous biological diversity of cancer, strategic combination of agents targeted against the most critical of those alterations is needed. Due to their complex nature, plant products interact with numerous targets and influence several biochemical and molecular cascades. The interest in further development of botanical drugs has been increasing steadily and the FDA recently approved the first new botanical prescription drug. The present study is designed to explore the potential antileukemic properties of Hemidesmus indicus with a view to contributing to further development of botanical drugs. Hemidesmus was submitted to an extensive in vitro preclinical evaluation. Methodology/Principal Findings A variety of cellular assays and flow cytometry, as well as a phytochemical screening, were performed on different leukemic cell lines. We have demonstrated that Hemidesmus modulated many components of intracellular signaling pathways involved in cell viability and proliferation and altered the protein expression, eventually leading to tumor cell death, mediated by a loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. ADP, adenine nucleotide translocator and mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitors did not reverse Hemidesmus-induced mitochondrial depolarization. Hemidesmus induced a significant [Ca2+]i raise through the mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ stores. Moreover, Hemidesmus significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of three commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs (methotrexate, 6-thioguanine, cytarabine). A clinically relevant observation is that its cytotoxic activity was also recorded in primary cells from acute myeloid leukemic patients. Conclusions/Significance These results indicate the molecular basis of the antileukemic effects of Hemidesmus and identify the mitochondrial pathways and [Ca2+]i as crucial actors in its anticancer activity. On these bases, we conclude that Hemidesmus can represent a valuable tool in the anticancer pharmacology, and should be considered for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Fimognari
- Department of Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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16
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Recent advances on structure-informed drug discovery of cyclin-dependent kinase-2 inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2009; 1:1453-66. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine and threonine kinases play an important role in signal-transduction pathways. Within this kinase family, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2 is an attractive target for oncology involved in cell cycle regulation. In recent years, kinase inhibition has become a major area for therapeutic involvement. As we discuss here, these efforts have resulted in a considerable increase in the number of available high-resolution structures of CDK2–inhibitor complexes. A large amount of structural-based and computational work has allowed the identification of novel chemical scaffolds and structural motifs to design potent CDK2 inhibitors. Of any kinase, CDK2 has the most structures available from the protein databank, averaging 22 new structures per year since 2002. A protein–ligand interaction fingerprint analysis of the available CDK2 protein–ligand complexes indicates that structural diversity is attainable from the structure-based design of CDK2 inhibitors. Since the first CDK2 structure was published in 1996, seven new chemical entities (NCEs) have been advanced to clinical stages. To date, only three of these NCEs have had their complexes published in the protein databank. This review summarizes the structurally informed efforts in the field of CDK2 inhibitor design.
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Alzate-Morales JH, Caballero J, Gonzalez-Nilo FD, Contreras R. A computational ONIOM model for the description of the H-bond interactions between NU2058 analogues and CDK2 active site. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Zhang Q, Feng W, Zhou H, Yan B. Advances in preclinical small molecules for the treatment of NSCLC. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2009; 19:731-51. [PMID: 19456275 DOI: 10.1517/13543770902967674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NSCLC accounts for 85% of all lung cancer cases and is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Advances in the knowledge of molecular events governing oncogenesis have led to a number of novel therapeutic agents targeting specific pathways critical for tumor growth. OBJECTIVE To summarize the recent preclinical developments of small molecules for NSCLC therapy. METHODS This review primarily consists of patents and publications between 1997 and 2008. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Small molecules with known targets, such as inhibitors for EGFR, VEGF, RAS-RAF-MAP kinase pathway, phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway, histone deacetylase, protein phosphatase, topoisomerase, cyclin dependent kinases, heat-shock protein, tubulin, DNA and MET are reviewed. Other novel small molecules with potent efficacy without target information are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Zhang
- Shandong University, Chemistry, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, 250100, China
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19
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Raffa D, Maggio B, Cascioferro S, Raimondi MV, Daidone G, Plescia S, Schillaci D, Cusimano MG, Titone L, Colomba C, Tolomeo M. N-(Indazolyl)benzamido Derivatives as CDK1 Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Molecular Docking Studies. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2009; 342:265-73. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200800159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Alzate-Morales JH, Caballero J, Vergara Jague A, González Nilo FD. Insights into the Structural Basis of N2 and O6 Substituted Guanine Derivatives as Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) Inhibitors: Prediction of the Binding Modes and Potency of the inhibitors by Docking and ONIOM Calculations. J Chem Inf Model 2009; 49:886-99. [DOI: 10.1021/ci8004034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jans H. Alzate-Morales
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Julio Caballero
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Ariela Vergara Jague
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Fernando D. González Nilo
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
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Cai J, Rosenzweig B, Hamilton A. Inhibition of Chymotrypsin by a Self-Assembled DNA Quadruplex Functionalized with Cyclic Peptide Binding Fragments. Chemistry 2008; 15:328-32. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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22
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Chen T, Wong YS. Selenocystine induces S-phase arrest and apoptosis in human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells by modulating ERK and Akt phosphorylation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:10574-10581. [PMID: 18959417 DOI: 10.1021/jf802125t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Selenocystine (SeC) is a nutritionally available selenoamino acid with selective anticancer effects on a number of human cancer cell lines. The present study shows that SeC inhibited the proliferation of human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, through the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. SeC-induced S-phase arrest was associated with a marked decrease in the protein expression of cyclins A, D1, and D3 and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) 4 and 6, with concomitant induction of p21waf1/Cip1, p27Kip1, and p53. Exposure of MCF-7 cells to SeC resulted in apoptosis as evidenced by caspase activation, PARP cleavage, and DNA fragmentation. SeC treatment also triggered the activation of JNK, p38 MAPK, ERK, and Akt. Inhibitors of ERK (U0126) and Akt (LY294002), but not JNK (SP600125) and p38 MAPK (SB203580), suppressed SeC-induced S-phase arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. The findings establish a mechanistic link between the PI3K/Akt pathway, MAPK pathway, and SeC-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Biology, State Key Laboratory China for Agrobiotechnology and Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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23
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Conejo-García A, Núñez MC, Marchal JA, Rodríguez-Serrano F, Aránega A, Gallo MA, Espinosa A, Campos JM. Regiospecific microwave-assisted synthesis and cytotoxic activity against human breast cancer cells of (RS)-6-substituted-7- or 9-(2,3-dihydro-5H-1,4-benzodioxepin-3-yl)-7H- or -9H-purines. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:1742-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Revised: 10/22/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Conejo-García A, Gallo MA, Espinosa A, Campos JM. Latest advances on regiospecific microwave-assisted synthesis of novel purine derivatives as antitumor agents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.18.2.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Yan X, Chua MS, He J, So SK. Small interfering RNA targeting CDC25B inhibits liver tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cancer 2008; 7:19. [PMID: 18269767 PMCID: PMC2276234 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-7-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Using gene expression profiling, we previously identified CDC25B to be significantly highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to non-tumor liver. CDC25B is a cell cycle-activating phosphatase that positively regulates the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases, and is over-expressed in a variety of human malignancies. In this study, we validated the over-expression of CDC25B in HCC, and further investigated its potential as a therapeutic target for the management of HCC. Results Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining of patient samples confirmed the significant over-expression of CDC25B in HCC compared to non-tumor liver samples (P < 0.001). Thus, intefering with the expression and activity of CDC25B may be a potential way to intervene with HCC progression. We used RNA interference to study the biological effects of silencing CDC25B expression in HCC cell lines (Hep3B and Hep40), in order to validate its potential as a therapeutic target. Using small oligo siRNAs targeting the coding region of CDC25B, we effectively suppressed CDC25B expression by up to 90%. This was associatetd with significant reductions in cell growth rate, cell migration and invasion through the matrigel membrane, and caused significant cell cycle delay at the G2 phase. Finally, suppression of CDC25B significantly slowed the growth of Hep40 xenografts in nude mice. Conclusion Our data provide evidence that the inhibition of CDC25B expression and activity lead to suppression of tumor cell growth and motility, and may therefore be a feasible approach in the clinical management of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Yan
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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26
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Estébanez-Perpiñá E, Arnold AA, Nguyen P, Rodrigues ED, Mar E, Bateman R, Pallai P, Shokat KM, Baxter JD, Guy RK, Webb P, Fletterick RJ. A surface on the androgen receptor that allosterically regulates coactivator binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:16074-9. [PMID: 17911242 PMCID: PMC1999396 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0708036104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Current approaches to inhibit nuclear receptor (NR) activity target the hormone binding pocket but face limitations. We have proposed that inhibitors, which bind to nuclear receptor surfaces that mediate assembly of the receptor's binding partners, might overcome some of these limitations. The androgen receptor (AR) plays a central role in prostate cancer, but conventional inhibitors lose effectiveness as cancer treatments because anti-androgen resistance usually develops. We conducted functional and x-ray screens to identify compounds that bind the AR surface and block binding of coactivators for AR activation function 2 (AF-2). Four compounds that block coactivator binding in solution with IC(50) approximately 50 microM and inhibit AF-2 activity in cells were detected: three nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and the thyroid hormone 3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid. Although visualization of compounds at the AR surface reveals weak binding at AF-2, the most potent inhibitors bind preferentially to a previously unknown regulatory surface cleft termed binding function (BF)-3, which is a known target for mutations in prostate cancer and androgen insensitivity syndrome. X-ray structural analysis reveals that 3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid binding to BF-3 remodels the adjacent interaction site AF-2 to weaken coactivator binding. Mutation of residues that form BF-3 inhibits AR function and AR AF-2 activity. We propose that BF-3 is a previously unrecognized allosteric regulatory site needed for AR activity in vivo and a possible pharmaceutical target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander A. Arnold
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105; and
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Edson Delgado Rodrigues
- Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Ellena Mar
- *Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics
| | | | | | | | - John D. Baxter
- Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: or
| | - R. Kiplin Guy
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105; and
| | - Paul Webb
- Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Robert J. Fletterick
- *Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: or
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Joshi KS, Rathos MJ, Joshi RD, Sivakumar M, Mascarenhas M, Kamble S, Lal B, Sharma S. In vitro antitumor properties of a novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, P276-00. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:918-25. [PMID: 17363486 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk) and their associated pathways represent some of the most attractive targets for the development of anticancer therapeutics. Based on antitumor activity in animal models, a variety of Cdk inhibitors are undergoing clinical evaluation either as a single agent or in combination with other approved drugs. In our anticancer drug discovery program, a novel series of flavones have been synthesized for evaluation against the activity of Cdk4-D1. This enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein, thus inhibiting its function. We have identified a series of potent Cdk4-D1 inhibitors with IC(50) below 250 nmol/L. In this report, we have described the properties of one of the best compound, P276-00 of the flavone's series. P276-00 shows 40-fold selectivity toward Cdk4-D1, compared with Cdk2-E. The specificity toward 14 other related and unrelated kinases was also determined. P276-00 was found to be more selective with IC(50)s <100 nmol/L for Cdk4-D1, Cdk1-B, and Cdk9-T1, as compared with other Cdks, and less selective for non-Cdk kinases. It showed potent antiproliferative effects against various human cancer cell lines, with an IC(50) ranging from 300 to 800 nmol/L and was further compared for its antiproliferative activity against cancer and normal fibroblast cell lines. P276-00 was found to be highly selective for cancer cells as compared with normal fibroblast cells. To delineate its mechanism of action, the effect of P276-00 on cell cycle proteins was studied in human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and human non-small cell lung carcinoma (H-460). A significant down-regulation of cyclin D1 and Cdk4 and a decrease in Cdk4-specific pRb Ser(780) phosphorylation was observed. P276-00 produced potent inhibition of Cdk4-D1 activity that was found to be competitive with ATP and not with retinoblastoma protein. The compound also induced apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells, as evidenced by the induction of caspase-3 and DNA ladder studies. These data suggest that P276-00 has the potential to be developed as an anti-Cdk chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana S Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nicholas Piramal Research Center, Nicholas Piramal India Limited, 1-Nirlon Complex, Goregaon (E), Mumbai 400 063, India.
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Rudolph J. Inhibiting transient protein-protein interactions: lessons from the Cdc25 protein tyrosine phosphatases. Nat Rev Cancer 2007; 7:202-11. [PMID: 17287826 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Transient protein-protein interactions have key regulatory functions in many of the cellular processes that are implicated in cancerous growth, particularly the cell cycle. Targeting these transient interactions as therapeutic targets for anticancer drug development seems like a good idea, but it is not a trivial task. This Review discusses the issues and difficulties that are encountered when considering these transient interactions as drug targets, using the example of the cell division cycle 25 (Cdc25) phosphatases and their cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-cyclin protein substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Rudolph
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, BOX 3813, LSRC Building, Room C125, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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Alzate-Morales JH, Contreras R, Soriano A, Tuñon I, Silla E. A computational study of the protein-ligand interactions in CDK2 inhibitors: using quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics interaction energy as a predictor of the biological activity. Biophys J 2007; 92:430-9. [PMID: 17085505 PMCID: PMC1751410 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.091512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) study to determine the protein-ligand interaction energy between CDK2 (cyclin-dependent kinase 2) and five inhibitors with the N(2)-substituted 6-cyclohexyl-methoxy-purine scaffold. The computational results in this work show that the QM/MM interaction energy is strongly correlated to the biological activity and can be used as a predictor, at least within a family of substrates. A detailed analysis of the protein-ligand structures obtained from molecular dynamics simulations shows specific interactions within the active site that, in some cases, have not been reported before to our knowledge. The computed interaction energy gauges the strength of protein-ligand interactions. Finally, energy decomposition and multiple regression analyses were performed to check the contribution of the electrostatic and van der Waals energies to the total interaction energy and to show the capabilities of the computational model to identify new potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jans H Alzate-Morales
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Ahn YM, Vogeti L, Liu CJ, Santhapuram HKR, White JM, Vasandani V, Mitscher LA, Lushington GH, Hanson PR, Powell DR, Himes RH, Roby KF, Ye Q, Georg GI. Design, synthesis, and antiproliferative and CDK2-cyclin a inhibitory activity of novel flavopiridol analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 15:702-13. [PMID: 17123821 PMCID: PMC1876666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Revised: 10/27/2006] [Accepted: 10/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a small library of 8-amidoflavone, 8-sulfonamidoflavone, 8-amido-7-hydroxyflavone, and heterocyclic analogues of flavopiridol is reported. The potential activity of these compounds as kinase inhibitors was evaluated by cytotoxicity studies in MCF-7 and ID-8 cancer cell lines and inhibition of CDK2-Cyclin A enzyme activity in vitro. The antiproliferative and CDK2-Cyclin A inhibitory activity of these analogues was significantly lower than the activity of flavopiridol. Molecular docking simulations were carried out and these studies suggested a different binding orientation inside the CDK2 binding pocket for these analogues compared to flavopiridol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mi Ahn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7582, USA
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Kamata K, Suetsugu T, Yamamoto Y, Hayashi M, Komiyama K, Ishibashi M. Bisindole alkaloids from myxomycetes Arcyria denudata and Arcyria obvelata. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2006; 69:1252-4. [PMID: 16933891 DOI: 10.1021/np060269h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A new bisindole sulfate (1) and arcyroxocin B (2) were isolated from wild fruiting bodies of Arcyria denudate, along with three known bisindoles (4-6). Dihydroarcyriacyanin A (3) was obtained from wild fruiting bodies of Arcyria obvelata, along with a known bisindole (7). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data, and this is the first report of full characterizations of arcyroxocin B (2) and dihydroarcyriacyanin A (3). Compounds 2, 3, and 6 showed cytotoxicity against Jurkat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Kamata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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Abstract
Tumor cell proliferation is frequently associated to genetic or epigenetic alterations in key cell cycle regulators. Most human tumors deregulate this pathway to sustain proliferation with independence of external mitogenic factors. In addition, the alteration of cell cycle proteins may confer genomic instability that results in additional mutations in these tumor cells. The frequent alteration of the cell cycle in tumor cells has launched the identification for critical cell cycle regulators as anticancer targets. The inhibition of some cell cycle kinases such as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) or the Aurora and Polo mitotic kinases is currently under study in several preclinical and clinical trials. Similarly, the clinical success of microtubule poisons such as taxol has promoted new applied research in mitosis regulation. Recent investigations have suggested new targets of interest including additional kinases, phosphatases and other mitotic regulators such as microtubule motor proteins (kinesins). Current research in this area will undoubtedly result in new and improved targeted therapies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
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Woldman I, Reither H, Kattinger A, Hornykiewicz O, Pifl C. Dopamine inhibits cell growth and cell cycle by blocking ribonucleotide reductase. Neuropharmacology 2005; 48:525-37. [PMID: 15755480 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2004] [Revised: 10/15/2004] [Accepted: 11/27/2004] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a classical neurotransmitter modulating various brain functions by acting on its specific receptors. In addition, DA is a reactive molecule that has been implicated in neurodegeneration, especially in Parkinson's disease. Here we show that DA inhibited cell growth of dopamine transporter transfected cells by intracellularly blocking cell cycle progression. To pinpoint the site of this effect, we measured DNA distribution and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, as well as the levels of the key cell cycle proteins. DA increased number of cells with a G1 DNA content, decreased BrdU incorporation and simultaneously increased cyclin A but had no effect on cyclin D2, D3, E, nor on cdk4 and p21. These results narrowed down the DA effect to the beginning of S phase, suggesting inhibition of the ribonucleotide reductase, an enzyme essential for DNA synthesis. Indeed, measurement of enzyme activity in situ revealed that DA, within 1h of addition to cells labelled with [3H]cytidine, strongly reduced the cell content of [3H]2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphophate. The time course of this DA effect preceded the cell cycle progression. This novel molecular mechanism of intracellular DA action independent of plasmamembrane receptors may be involved in processes controlling the development and survival of brain dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Woldman
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Al-awar RS, Ray JE, Hecker KA, Huang J, Waid PP, Shih C, Brooks HB, Spencer CD, Watkins SA, Patel BR, Stamm NB, Ogg CA, Schultz RM, Considine EL, Faul MM, Sullivan KA, Kolis SP, Grutsch JL, Joseph S. 1,7-annulated indolocarbazoles as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 14:3217-20. [PMID: 15149678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.03.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2004] [Accepted: 03/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and kinase inhibitory activity of a series of novel 1,7-annulated indolocarbazoles 6 and 16 is described. These compounds exhibited potent inhibitory activity against cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and good antiproliferative activity in a human colon carcinoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima S Al-awar
- Discovery Chemistry Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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Specific inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 by PD 0332991 and associated antitumor activity in human tumor xenografts. Mol Cancer Ther 2004. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.1427.3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
PD 0332991 is a highly specific inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) (IC50, 0.011 μmol/L) and Cdk6 (IC50, 0.016 μmol/L), having no activity against a panel of 36 additional protein kinases. It is a potent antiproliferative agent against retinoblastoma (Rb)-positive tumor cells in vitro, inducing an exclusive G1 arrest, with a concomitant reduction of phospho-Ser780/Ser795 on the Rb protein. Oral administration of PD 0332991 to mice bearing the Colo-205 human colon carcinoma produces marked tumor regression. Therapeutic doses of PD 0332991 cause elimination of phospho-Rb and the proliferative marker Ki-67 in tumor tissue and down-regulation of genes under the transcriptional control of E2F. The results indicate that inhibition of Cdk4/6 alone is sufficient to cause tumor regression and a net reduction in tumor burden in some tumors.
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36
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Hardcastle IR, Arris CE, Bentley J, Boyle FT, Chen Y, Curtin NJ, Endicott JA, Gibson AE, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Jewsbury P, Menyerol J, Mesguiche V, Newell DR, Noble MEM, Pratt DJ, Wang LZ, Whitfield HJ. N2-substituted O6-cyclohexylmethylguanine derivatives: potent inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 1 and 2. J Med Chem 2004; 47:3710-22. [PMID: 15239650 DOI: 10.1021/jm0311442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) competitive cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor O(6)-cyclohexylmethylguanine (NU2058, 1) has been employed as the lead in a structure-based drug discovery program resulting in the discovery of the potent CDK1 and -2 inhibitor NU6102 (3, IC(50) = 9.5 nM and 5.4 nM vs CDK1/cyclinB and CDK2/cyclinA3, respectively). The SAR for this series have been explored further by the synthesis and evaluation of 45 N(2)-substituted analogues of NU2058. These studies have confirmed the requirement for the hydrogen bonding N(2)-NH group and the requirement for an aromatic N(2)-substituent to confer potency in the series. Additional potency is conferred by the presence of a group capable of donating a hydrogen bond at the 4'-position, for example, the 4'-hydroxy derivative (25, IC(50) = 94 nM and 69 nM vs CDK1/cyclinB and CDK2/cyclinA3, respectively), 4'-monomethylsulfonamide derivative (28, IC(50) = 9 nM and 7.0 nM vs CDK1/cyclinB and CDK2/cyclinA3, respectively), and 4'-carboxamide derivative (34, IC(50) = 67 nM and 64 nM vs CDK1/cyclinB and CDK2/cyclinA3, respectively). X-ray crystal structures have been obtained for key compounds and have been used to explain the observed trends in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Hardcastle
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Bedson Building, School of Natural Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Rudolph
- Department of Biochemistry, LSRC Bldg, Rm. C125, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3813, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Zhu H, Zhang L, Wu S, Teraishi F, Davis JJ, Jacob D, Fang B. Induction of S-phase arrest and p21 overexpression by a small molecule 2[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)propyl] amino]ethanol in correlation with activation of ERK. Oncogene 2004; 23:4984-92. [PMID: 15122344 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We recently found that a small molecule 2[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]amino]ethanol (2,3-DCPE) could induce apoptosis and downregulate Bcl-XL expression in various cancer cells. Here, we found that 2,3-DCPE suppressed the proliferation of Bcl-XL-overexpressing cancer cells without inducing apoptosis. Subsequently, we found that 2,3-DCPE could induce S-phase arrest and upregulate p21 but not p27 at a time- and dose-dependent but p53-dispensable manner in DLD-1 human colon cancer cells. Activation of ERK was also detected after treatment with 2,3-DCPE. Moreover, p21 induction was dramatically attenuated by ERK inhibitors PD98059 and U0126. Induction of p21 and S-phase arrest and corresponding activation of ERK were also observed in ATM-defective cells, suggesting that 2,3-DCPE-induced these events were ATM-dispensable. Furthermore, ERK inhibitors dramatically attenuated 2,3-DCPE-induced S-phase arrest. Together, our data indicate that ERK activation correlated with the 2,3-DCPE-mediated induction of p21 expression and S-phase arrest. This finding may have implication for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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39
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Nakatani S, Naoe A, Yamamoto Y, Yamauchi T, Yamaguchi N, Ishibashi M. Isolation of bisindole alkaloids that inhibit the cell cycle from Myxomycetes Arcyria ferruginea and Tubifera casparyi. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:2879-81. [PMID: 14611848 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
From a myxomycete Arcyria ferruginea, dihydroarcyriarubin C (1), a new bisindole alkaloid, has been isolated together with two known bisindoles, arcyriarubin C (2) and arcyriaflavin C (3), and arcyriaflavin C (3) was also isolated from Tubifera casparyi together with arcyriaflavin B (4). Arcyriaflavin C (3) exhibited cell cycle inhibition effect at G1 and G2/M stage at 10 and 100ng/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Nakatani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan
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40
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Fischer PM, Gianella-Borradori A. CDK inhibitors in clinical development for the treatment of cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2003; 12:955-70. [PMID: 12783600 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.12.6.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are key regulators of the cell division cycle, whose various checkpoints proliferating cells must traverse. Since CDK deregulation, either through direct or indirect means, is found in most cancer cells, pharmacological CDK inhibition has become an attractive strategy towards mechanism-based and non-genotoxic therapies in oncology. Over the last decade, discovery and lead optimisation efforts have provided a wealth of potential drug candidate molecules capable of inhibiting CDKs, blocking cell-cycle progression, modulating transcription and inducing apoptosis selectively in cancer cells. However, only few such agents have as yet reached clinical evaluation. Here, the preclinical and clinical results obtained so far with flavopiridol (L868275, HMR1275; Aventis), 7-hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01, KW-2401; Kyowa Hakko Kogyo) and roscovitine (R-roscovitine, CYC202; Cyclacel) are summarised. Furthermore, the potential for monotherapy and applications in combination with existing drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Fischer
- Cyclacel Limited, James Lindsay Place, Dundee DD1 5JJ, Scotland, UK.
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