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Abstract
The combination of supramolecular functional systems with biomolecular chemistry has been a fruitful exercise for decades, leading to a greater understanding of biomolecules and to a great variety of applications, for example, in drug delivery and sensing. Within these developments, the phospholipid bilayer membrane, surrounding live cells, with all its functions has also intrigued supramolecular chemists. Herein, recent efforts from the supramolecular chemistry community to mimic natural functions of lipid membranes, such as sensing, molecular recognition, membrane fusion, signal transduction, and gated transport, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Barba‐Bon
- Department of Life Sciences and ChemistryJacobs University BremenCampus Ring 128759BremenGermany
| | - Mohamed Nilam
- Department of Life Sciences and ChemistryJacobs University BremenCampus Ring 128759BremenGermany
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and ChemistryJacobs University BremenCampus Ring 128759BremenGermany
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2
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Lavan M, Knipp G. Considerations for Determining Direct Versus Indirect Functional Effects of Solubilizing Excipients on Drug Transporters for Enhancing Bioavailability. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1833-1845. [PMID: 32142715 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Excipients used in drug formulations at clinically safe levels have been considered to be pharmacologically inert; however, numerous studies have suggested that many solubilizing agents may modulate drug transporter activities and intestinal absorption. Here, the reported interactions between various solubilizing excipients and drug transporters are evaluated to consider various potential underlying mechanisms. This forms the basis for debate in the field in regard to whether or not the effects are based on "direct" interactions or "indirect" consequences arising from the role of the excipients. For example, an increase in apparent drug solubility can give rise to saturation of transporters according to Michaelis-Menten kinetics. This is also drawing the attention of regulatory agencies as they seek to understand the role of formulation additives. The continued application of excipients as a tool in solubility enhancement is crucial in the drug development process, creating a need for additional data to verify the proposed mechanism behind these changes. A literature review is provided here with some guidance on other factors that should be considered to delineate the effects that arise from direct physiological interactions or indirect effects. The results of such studies may aid the rational design of bioavailability-enhancing formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lavan
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Gregory Knipp
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.
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3
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Gu RX, Baoukina S, Tieleman DP. Phase Separation in Atomistic Simulations of Model Membranes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2844-2856. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Xu Gu
- Centre for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Svetlana Baoukina
- Centre for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - D. Peter Tieleman
- Centre for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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4
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Riske KA, Domingues CC, Casadei BR, Mattei B, Caritá AC, Lira RB, Preté PSC, de Paula E. Biophysical approaches in the study of biomembrane solubilization: quantitative assessment and the role of lateral inhomogeneity. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:649-667. [PMID: 28836235 PMCID: PMC5662047 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Detergents are amphiphilic molecules widely used to solubilize biological membranes and/or extract their components. Nevertheless, because of the complex composition of biomembranes, their solubilization by detergents has not been systematically studied. In this review, we address the solubilization of erythrocytes, which provide a relatively simple, robust and easy to handle biomembrane, and of biomimetic models, to stress the role of the lipid composition on the solubilization process. First, results of a systematic study on the solubilization of human erythrocyte membranes by different series of non-ionic (Triton, CxEy, Brij, Renex, Tween), anionic (bile salts) and zwitterionic (ASB, CHAPS) detergents are shown. Such quantitative approach allowed us to propose Resat-the effective detergent/lipid molar ratio in the membrane for the onset of hemolysis as a new parameter to classify the solubilization efficiency of detergents. Second, detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) obtained as a result of the partial solubilization of erythrocytes by TX-100, C12E8 and Brij detergents are examined. DRMs were characterized by their cholesterol, sphingolipid and specific proteins content, as well as lipid packing. Finally, lipid bilayers of tuned lipid composition forming liposomes were used to investigate the solubilization process of membranes of different compositions/phases induced by Triton X-100. Optical microscopy of giant unilamellar vesicles revealed that pure phospholipid membranes are fully solubilized, whereas the presence of cholesterol renders the mixture partially or even fully insoluble, depending on the composition. Additionally, Triton X-100 induced phase separation in raft-like mixtures, and selective solubilization of the fluid phase only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin A Riske
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Cleyton C Domingues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box - 6109, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-862, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 200037, USA
| | - Bruna R Casadei
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box - 6109, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Bruno Mattei
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Amanda C Caritá
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Rafael B Lira
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Paulo S C Preté
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box - 6109, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-862, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Eneida de Paula
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box - 6109, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-862, Brazil.
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5
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The many faces (and phases) of ceramide and sphingomyelin II - binary mixtures. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:601-616. [PMID: 28823080 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A rather widespread idea on the functional importance of sphingolipids in cell membranes refers to the occurrence of ordered domains enriched in sphingomyelin and ceramide that are largely assumed to exist irrespective of the type of N-acyl chain in the sphingolipid. Ceramides and sphingomyelins are the simplest kind of two-chained sphingolipids and show a variety of species, depending on the fatty acyl chain length, hydroxylation, and unsaturation. Abundant evidences have shown that variations of the N-acyl chain length in ceramides and sphingomyelins markedly affect their phase state, interfacial elasticity, surface topography, electrostatics, and miscibility, and that even the usually conceived "condensed" sphingolipids and many of their mixtures may exhibit liquid-like expanded states. Their lateral miscibility properties are subtlety regulated by those chemical differences. Even between ceramides with different acyl chain length, their partial miscibility is responsible for a rich two-dimensional structural variety that impacts on the membrane properties at the mesoscale level. In this review, we will discuss the miscibility properties of ceramide, sphingomyelin, and glycosphingolipids that differ in their N-acyl or oligosaccharide chains. This work is a second part that accompanies a previous overview of the properties of membranes formed by pure ceramides or sphingomyelins, which is also included in this Special Issue.
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Daly TA, Almeida PF, Regen SL. Sorting of lipidated peptides in fluid bilayers: a molecular-level investigation. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:17245-52. [PMID: 22998217 PMCID: PMC3474883 DOI: 10.1021/ja3074825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nearest-neighbor recognition (NNR) measurements have been made for two lipidated forms of GlyCys, interacting with analogues of cholesterol and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) in the liquid-ordered (l(o)) and liquid-disordered (l(d)) phases. Interaction free energies that have been determined from these measurements have been used in Monte Carlo simulations to quantify the distribution of the peptides between liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered regions. These simulations have shown that significant differences in the lipid chains have a very weak influence on the partitioning of the peptide between these two phases. They have also revealed an insensitivity of the peptide partition coefficient, K(p), to the size of the l(o) and l(d) domains that are present. In a broader context, these findings strongly suggest that the sorting of peripheral proteins in cellular membranes via differential lipidation may be more subtle than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor A. Daly
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18105
| | - Paulo F. Almeida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, North Carolina 28403
| | - Steven L. Regen
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18105
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7
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Abstract
AbstractInterfacial tension is an important characteristic of a biological membrane because it determines its rigidity, thus affecting its stability. It is affected by factors such as medium pH and by the presence of certain substances, for example cholesterol, other lipids, fatty acids, amines, amino acids, or proteins, incorporated in the lipid bilayer. Here, the effects of various parameters to on interfacial tension values of bilayer lipid membranes are discussed.The mathematically derived and experimentally confirmed results presented in this paper are of importance to the interpretation of phenomena occurring in lipid bilayers. These results can lead to a better understanding of the physical properties of biological membranes. The simple interfacial tension method proposed herein may be successfully used to determine the interfacial tension values of 1:1 lipid-lipid, lipid-cholesterol, lipid-fatty acid, lipid-amine, and lipid-amino acid systems.
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8
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Turkyilmaz S, Almeida PF, Regen SL. Effects of isoflurane, halothane, and chloroform on the interactions and lateral organization of lipids in the liquid-ordered phase. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:14380-14385. [PMID: 21995557 PMCID: PMC3226895 DOI: 10.1021/la2035278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The first quantitative insight has been obtained into the effects that volatile anesthetics have on the interactions and lateral organization of lipids in model membranes that mimic "lipid rafts". Specifically, nearest-neighbor recogntion measurements, in combination with Monte Carlo simulations, have been used to investigate the action of isoflurane, halothane, and chloroform on the compactness and lateral organization of cholesterol-rich bilayers of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) in the liquid-ordered (l(o)) phase. All three anesthetics induce a similar weakening of sterol-phospholipid association, corresponding to ca. 30 cal/mol of lipid at clinically relevant concentrations. Monte Carlo lattice simulations show that the lateral organization of the l(o) phase, under such conditions, remains virtually unchanged. In sharp contrast to their action on the l(o) phase, these anesthetics have been found to have a similar strengthening effect on sterol-phospholipid association in the liquid-disordered (l(d)) phase. The possibility of discrete complexes being formed between DPPC and these anesthetics and the biological relevance of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhan Turkyilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - Paulo F. Almeida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, North Carolina 28403
| | - Steven L. Regen
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
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Zaupa G, Mora C, Bonomi R, Prins LJ, Scrimin P. Catalytic self-assembled monolayers on Au nanoparticles: the source of catalysis of a transphosphorylation reaction. Chemistry 2011; 17:4879-89. [PMID: 21404344 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic activity of a series of Au monolayer protected colloids (Au MPCs) containing different ratios of the catalytic unit triazacyclononane⋅Zn(II) (TACN⋅Zn(II) ) and an inert triethyleneglycol (TEG) unit was measured. The catalytic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are highly efficient in the transphosphorylation of 2-hydroxy propyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (HPNPP), an RNA model substrate, exhibiting maximum values for the Michaelis-Menten parameters k(cat) and K(M) of 6.7×10(-3) s(-1) and 3.1×10(-4) M, respectively, normalized per catalytic unit. Despite the structural simplicity of the catalytic units, this renders these nanoparticles among the most active catalysts known for this substrate. Both k(cat) and K(M) parameters were determined as a function of the mole fraction of catalytic unit (x(1)) in the SAM. Within this nanoparticle (NP) series, k(cat) increases up till x(1) ≈0.4, after which it remains constant and K(M) decreases exponentially over the range studied. A theoretical analysis demonstrated that these trends are an intrinsic property of catalytic SAMs, in which catalysis originates from the cooperative effect between two neighboring catalytic units. The multivalency of the system causes an increase of the number of potential dimeric catalytic sites composed of two catalytic units as a function of the x(1) , which causes an apparent increase in binding affinity (decrease in K(M)). Simultaneously, the k(cat) value is determined by the number of substrate molecules bound at saturation. For values of x(1) >0.4, isolated catalytic units are no longer present and all catalytic units are involved in catalysis at saturation. Importantly, the observed trends are indicative of a random distribution of the thiols in the SAM. As indicated by the theoretical analysis, and confirmed by a control experiment, in case of clustering both k(cat) and K(M) values remain constant over the entire range of x(1) .
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Zaupa
- Department of Chemical Sciences and CNR-ITM, Padova Section, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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10
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Hsu SH, Reinhoudt DN, Huskens J, Velders AH. Lateral interactions at functional monolayers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02696d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Mutual modulation between membrane-embedded receptor clustering and ligand binding in lipid membranes. Nat Chem 2010; 2:1077-83. [PMID: 21107373 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Thanks largely to a cooperative chelate effect, clustered membrane-embedded proteins favourably bind to multivalent ligands in solution and, conversely, a multivalent receptor can induce the clustering of membrane-embedded proteins. Here, we use a chemical model to show that the binding of a monovalent ligand and the clustering of a membrane-embedded receptor are closely related processes that modulate each other without the contribution of any apparent multivalence effect. Clearly, the confinement of the receptor within the surface reveals cooperative effects between clustering and binding that are too weak to detect in bulk-solution systems. This work shows that for membrane-embedded receptors that undergo some degree of spontaneous clustering, analyses based on multivalence-mediated cooperativity are insufficient to describe fully the molecular recognition events induced by ligands in solution. Instead, a binding-clustering thermodynamic cycle is proposed for the analysis of the interaction of any kind of ligand with membrane-embedded receptors.
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12
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Interactions of Meibomian gland secretion with polar lipids in Langmuir monolayers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 78:317-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2009] [Revised: 03/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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Mitomo H, Chen WH, Regen SL. Oxysterol-induced rearrangement of the liquid-ordered phase: a possible link to Alzheimer's disease? J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:12354-7. [PMID: 19658396 DOI: 10.1021/ja904308y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nearest-neighbor recognition measurements have been made for an exchangeable phospholipid (A) interacting with an exchangeable form of cholesterol (B) in host membranes derived from 1, 2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and varying concentrations of cholesterol, 7beta-hydroxycholesterol (7beta-OH), and 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OH). Whereas partial replacement of cholesterol with 7beta-OH strengthens the association between A and B, a similar substitution with 25-OH weakens this association. A model that accounts for this dichotomy, and the possible relevance of these findings to the cytotoxicity of 7beta-OH and to Alzheimer's disease are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Mitomo
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
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14
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Turkyilmaz S, Chen WH, Mitomo H, Regen SL. Loosening and reorganization of fluid phospholipid bilayers by chloroform. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:5068-9. [PMID: 19309135 DOI: 10.1021/ja9011468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mixing behavior of an exchangeable phospholipid (A) with an exchangeable sterol (B) in host bilayers made from 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) containing varying concentrations of cholesterol has been examined via the nearest-neighbor recognition method. At low sterol concentrations (i.e., 2.5 mol %), the mixing between A and B is close to ideal. Incremental increases in the sterol concentration to 40 mol % led to net increases in the affinity between A and B. Similar mixing experiments that were carried out in the presence of chloroform showed a leveling effect, where moderate sterol-phospholipid affinity was observed in all cases. These results, together with the fact that the number of chloroform molecules that are absorbed per phospholipid is essentially constant and independent of the sterol content, support a model in which chloroform favors solvation of the phospholipids and a common membrane state is produced. Fluorescence measurements and Raman spectra have also shown that chloroform significantly loosens both cholesterol-poor and cholesterol-rich membranes made from DPPC. In a broader context, these results suggest a fundamentally new mechanism of anesthesia, where the anesthetic, by solvating the lipid components, profoundly changes the lateral organization of the lipid framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhan Turkyilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
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15
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Colhone MC, Nobre TM, Zaniquelli MED, Stabeli RG, Ciancaglini P. Incorporation of antigenic GPI-proteins from Leishmania amazonensis to membrane mimetic systems: Influence of DPPC/cholesterol ratio. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 333:373-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Petelska AD, Figaszewski ZA. The Equilibria of Phosphatidylethanolamine-Cholesterol and Phosphatidylcholine–Phosphatidylethanolamine in Monolayers at the Air/Water Interface. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320902851884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Prins L, Scrimin P. “Covalent Capture”: Verschmelzung von kovalenter und nichtkovalenter Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200803583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Prins L, Scrimin P. Covalent Capture: Merging Covalent and Noncovalent Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:2288-306. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Furuta T, Mochizuki M, Ito M, Takahashi T, Suzuki T, Kan T. Versatile synthesis of head group functionalized phospholipids via oxime bond formation. Org Lett 2008; 10:4847-50. [PMID: 18823121 DOI: 10.1021/ol8019346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A method for introduction of various head groups on phospholipid frameworks via oxime bond formation has been developed for the synthesis of cyclen-Cu(II), pyrene, naphthalene, and other headgroup functionalized phospholipids that can cleave the membrane protein, hemagglutinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Furuta
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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20
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Rosetti CM, Maggio B, Oliveira RG. The self-organization of lipids and proteins of myelin at the membrane interface. Molecular factors underlying the microheterogeneity of domain segregation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2008; 1778:1665-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Revised: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Dopico AM, Tigyi GJ. A glance at the structural and functional diversity of membrane lipids. Methods Mol Biol 2007; 400:1-13. [PMID: 17951723 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-519-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
In the postgenomic era, spatially and temporally regulated molecular interactions as signals are beginning to take center stage in the understanding of fundamental biological events. For years, reductionism derived from the "fluid mosaic" model of the cell membrane has portrayed membrane lipids as rather passive molecules that, whereas separating biologically relevant aqueous phases, provided an environment so that membrane proteins could fulfill the specificity and selectivity required for proper cell signaling. Whereas these roles for membrane lipids still stand, the structural diversity of lipids and their complex arrangement in supramolecular assemblies have expanded such limited, although fundamental roles. Growing developments in the field of membrane lipids help to understand biological phenomena at the nanoscale domain, and reveal this heterogeneous group of organic compounds as a long underestimated group of key regulatory molecules. In this introductory chapter, brief overviews of the structural diversity of membrane lipids, the impact of different lipids on membrane properties, the vertical organization of lipids into rafts and caveolae, and the functional role of lipids as mediators of inter- and intracellular signals are provided. Any comprehensive review on membrane lipids, whether emphasizing structural or functional aspects, will require several volumes. The purpose of this chapter is to provide both introduction and rationale for the selection of topics that lie ahead in this book. For this reason, the list of references primarily includes reviews on particular issues dealing with membrane lipids wherein the reader can find further references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Dopico
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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22
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Maggio B, Borioli GA, Del Boca M, De Tullio L, Fanani ML, Oliveira RG, Rosetti CM, Wilke N. Composition-driven surface domain structuring mediated by sphingolipids and membrane-active proteins. Above the nano- but under the micro-scale: mesoscopic biochemical/structural cross-talk in biomembranes. Cell Biochem Biophys 2007; 50:79-109. [PMID: 17968678 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-007-9004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Biomembranes contain a wide variety of lipids and proteins within an essentially two-dimensional structure. The coexistence of such a large number of molecular species causes local tensions that frequently relax into a phase or compositional immiscibility along the lateral and transverse planes of the interface. As a consequence, a substantial microheterogeneity of the surface topography develops and that depends not only on the lipid-protein composition, but also on the lateral and transverse tensions generated as a consequence of molecular interactions. The presence of proteins, and immiscibility among lipids, constitute major perturbing factors for the membrane sculpturing both in terms of its surface topography and dynamics. In this work, we will summarize some recent evidences for the involvement of membrane-associated, both extrinsic and amphitropic, proteins as well as membrane-active phosphohydrolytic enzymes and sphingolipids in driving lateral segregation of phase domains thus determining long-range surface topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Maggio
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Argentina.
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23
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Zhang J, Jing B, Janout V, Regen SL. Detecting cross talk between two halves of a phospholipid bilayer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:8709-12. [PMID: 17629317 PMCID: PMC2505354 DOI: 10.1021/la701503v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the most challenging questions that relates to the structure and function of biological membranes is whether the two halves of the bilayer "talk" to each other. In this letter, we show how the perturbation of the lateral organization of one leaflet of a fluid phospholipid bilayer by an external agent also alters the lateral organization of the adjoining leaflet. In addition, we show that the energy involved in such "cross talk" corresponds to ca. 100 cal/mol of phospholipid. These findings provide a basis for expecting similar cross talk to exist in cell membranes.
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Corbett PT, Leclaire J, Vial L, West KR, Wietor JL, Sanders JKM, Otto S. Dynamic combinatorial chemistry. Chem Rev 2007; 106:3652-711. [PMID: 16967917 DOI: 10.1021/cr020452p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1497] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Corbett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Hac-Wydro K, Wydro P, Dynarowicz-Łatka P. Interactions between dialkyldimethylammonium bromides (DXDAB) and sterols--a monolayer study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 286:504-10. [PMID: 15897064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2004] [Accepted: 01/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Langmuir monolayers of cholesterol/ergosterol and dialkyldimethylammonium bromides (DXDABs) differing in alkyl chain length-14 (DTDAB), 16 (DHDAB), and 18 (DODAB)-spread at the air/water interface are examined. All the systems investigated are found to be nonideal and miscible. Negative values of the total free energy of mixing, proving film stability in the whole range of compositions and surface pressures, are observed for all the studied mixtures except for DTDAB/cholesterol. The strength of interactions, quantified with DeltaG(Exc) values, was found to be of the same order for mixtures of cholesterol/ergosterol and DHDAB or DODAB. Differences occurring for the mixtures of DTDAB with sterols indicate the affinity of DTDAB to ergosterol in contrast to cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Hac-Wydro
- Department of General Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland.
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Tian WJ, Sasaki Y, Fan SD, Kikuchi JI. Switching of Enzymatic Activity through Functional Connection of Molecular Recognition on Lipid Bilayer Membranes. Supramol Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10610270412331329023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Tian
- a Graduate School of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
- b Department of Biological Engineering , Dalian Nationalities University, Economical and Technological Development Zone , Dalian, 116600, P.R. China
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- a Graduate School of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Sheng-Di Fan
- b Department of Biological Engineering , Dalian Nationalities University, Economical and Technological Development Zone , Dalian, 116600, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Ichi Kikuchi
- a Graduate School of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
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27
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Impedance analysis of a phosphatidylcholine–phosphatidylethanolamine system in bilayer lipid membranes. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Taniguchi Y, Ohba T, Miyata H, Ohki K. Rapid phase change of lipid microdomains in giant vesicles induced by conversion of sphingomyelin to ceramide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2006; 1758:145-53. [PMID: 16580624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2005] [Revised: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 02/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To understand the role of sphingomyelinase (SMase) in the function of biological membranes, we have investigated the effect of conversion of sphingomyelin (SM) to ceramide (Cer) on the assembly of domains in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). The GUVs were prepared from mixture of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), N-palmitoly-D-erythro-sphingosine (C16Cer), N-palmitoyl-D-erythro-sphingosylphosphorylcholine (C16SM) and cholesterol. The amounts of DOPC, sum of C16Cer and C16SM, and cholesterol were kept constant (the ratio of these four lipids is shown as 1:X:1-X:1 (molar ratio), i.e., X is C16Cer/(C16Cer+C16SM)). Shape and distribution of domains formed in the GUVs were monitored by a fluorescent lipid, Texas Red 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (0.1 mol%). In GUVs containing low C16Cer (X=0 and 0.25), round-shaped domains labeled by the fluorescent lipid were present, suggesting coexistence of liquid-ordered and disordered domains. In GUVs containing intermediate Cer concentration (X=0.5), the fluorescent domain covered most of GUV surface, which was surrounded by gel-like domains. Differential scanning calorimetry of multilamellar vesicles prepared in the presence of higher Cer concentration (X>or=0.5) suggested existence of a Cer-enriched gel phase. Video microscopy showed that the enzymatic conversion of SM to Cer caused rapid change in the domain structure: several minutes after the SMase addition, the fluorescent region spread over the GUV surface, within which regions with darker contrast existed. Image-based measurement of generalized polarization (GP) of 6-dodecanoyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene (Laurdan), which is related to the acyl chain ordering of the lipids, was performed. Before the SMase treatment domains with high (0.65) and low (below 0.4) GP values coexisted, presumably reflecting the liquid-ordered and disordered domains; after the SMase treatment regions with intermediate GP values (0.5) and smaller regions with higher GP values (0.65) were present. Generation of Cer thus caused a phase transition from liquid-ordered and disordered phases to a gel and liquid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Taniguchi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Chapter 5 Physicochemical Insights into Equilibria in Bilayer Lipid Membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1554-4516(05)03005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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30
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Dynarowicz-Łatka P, Hac-Wydro K. Interactions between phosphatidylcholines and cholesterol in monolayers at the air/water interface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2005; 37:21-5. [PMID: 15450304 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2004.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mixtures of cholesterol and synthetic phospholipids, differing in saturation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) acyl chains, such as distearoyl phosphatidylcholine (DSPC), stearoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (SOPC) and dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) have been studied as floating Langmuir monolayers at the air/water interface. In order to examine the influence of a polar group, distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE) was chosen. The films were spread at room temperature on aqueous subphases and characterized by the surface pressure-area (pi-A) isotherms and compression modulus (C(s)(-1)) values. The interactions were examined by analyzing the mean molecular areas and quantified by the excess free energy of mixing values. The obtained results indicate that the affinity of cholesterol to saturated/unsaturated phosphatidylcholines does not differ significantly, and revealed strong influence of the kind of a polar group on the cholesterol-phospholipid interactions. On the other hand, the apolar group structure was found to modify the stoichiometry of sterol-PC complexes.
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Maggio B. Favorable and unfavorable lateral interactions of ceramide, neutral glycosphingolipids and gangliosides in mixed monolayers. Chem Phys Lipids 2004; 132:209-24. [PMID: 15555606 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2004.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2004] [Revised: 07/15/2004] [Accepted: 07/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Interactions among four natural neutral sphingolipids (ceramide, glucosyl-ceramide, lactosyl-ceramide and asialo-GM1) and six gangliosides (GM3, GM2, GM1, GD3, GD1a and GT1b) were studied in binary Langmuir monolayers at the air-buffer interface in terms of their molecular packing, compressibility, dipole potential and mixing behavior. The changes of surface organization can be grouped into three sets: (a) binary films of neutral GSLs, and of the latter with ceramide, exhibit thermodynamically unfavorable mixing with mean molecular area expansions and dipole moment hyperpolarization; (b) mixed monolayers of ceramide, or of GlcCer, and gangliosides occur with thermodynamically favorable interactions leading to mean molecular area condensation and depolarisation; (c) binary mixtures of LacCer or Gg4Cer with gangliosides, and all ganglioside species among them, revealed molecular immiscibility characterized by additive mean molecular area and dipole potential, with composition-independent constant collapse pressure. These results disclose basic tendencies of GSLs to molecularly mix or demix, leading to their surface segregation, which may underlay vectorial separation of their specific biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Maggio
- Departamento de Química Biológica-CIQUIBIC, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
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32
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Interfacial behavior of glycosphingolipids and chemically related sphingolipids. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2004.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cristian L, Lear JD, DeGrado WF. Use of thiol-disulfide equilibria to measure the energetics of assembly of transmembrane helices in phospholipid bilayers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:14772-7. [PMID: 14657351 PMCID: PMC299801 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2536751100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant efforts and promising progress, the understanding of membrane protein folding lags behind that of soluble proteins. Insights into the energetics of membrane protein folding have been gained from biophysical studies in membrane-mimicking environments (primarily detergent micelles). However, the development of techniques for studying the thermodynamics of folding in phospholipid bilayers remains a considerable challenge. We had previously used thiol-disulfide exchange to study the thermodynamics of association of transmembrane alpha-helices in detergent micelles; here, we extend this methodology to phospholipid bilayers. The system for this study is the homotetrameric M2 proton channel protein from the influenza A virus. Transmembrane peptides from this protein specifically self-assemble into tetramers that retain the ability to bind to the drug amantadine. Thiol-disulfide exchange under equilibrium conditions was used to quantitatively measure the thermodynamics of this folding interaction in phospholipid bilayers. The effects of phospholipid acyl chain length and cholesterol on the peptide association were investigated. The association of the helices strongly depends on the thickness of the bilayer and cholesterol levels present in the phospholipid bilayer. The most favorable folding occurred when there was a good match between the width of the apolar region of the bilayer and the hydrophobic length of the transmembrane helix. Physiologically relevant variations in the cholesterol level are sufficient to strongly influence the association. Evaluation of the energetics of peptide association in the presence and absence of cholesterol showed a significantly tighter association upon inclusion of cholesterol in the lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Cristian
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059, USA
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Cristian L, Lear JD, DeGrado WF. Determination of membrane protein stability via thermodynamic coupling of folding to thiol-disulfide interchange. Protein Sci 2003; 12:1732-40. [PMID: 12876322 PMCID: PMC2323959 DOI: 10.1110/ps.0378603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although progress has been made in understanding the thermodynamic stability of water-soluble proteins, our understanding of the folding of membrane proteins is at a relatively primitive level. A major obstacle to understanding the folding of membrane proteins is the discovery of systems in which the folding is in thermodynamic equilibrium, and the development of methods to quantitatively assess this equilibrium in micelles and bilayers. Here, we describe the application of disulfide cross-linking to quantitatively measure the thermodynamics of membrane protein association in detergent micelles. The method involves initiating disulfide cross-linking of a protein under reversible redox conditions in a thiol-disulfide buffer and quantitative assessment of the extent of cross-linking at equilibrium. The 19-46 alpha-helical transmembrane segment of the M2 protein from the influenza A virus was used as a model membrane protein system for this study. Previously it has been shown that transmembrane peptides from this protein specifically self-assemble into tetramers that retain the ability to bind to the drug amantadine. We used thiol-disulfide exchange to quantitatively measure the tetramerization equilibrium of this transmembrane protein in dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) detergent micelles. The association constants obtained agree remarkably well with those derived from analytical ultracentrifugation studies. The experimental method established herein should provide a broadly applicable tool for thermodynamic studies of folding, oligomerization and protein-protein interactions of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Cristian
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059, USA
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