1
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Lehmann P, Jopp S. Excellence in Acrylation - Scope and Limitation of Glucosyl Imidazolium-coated Novozym 435 Catalyzed (Meth)acryl Ester Synthesis. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300918. [PMID: 38010632 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of carbohydrate based ionic liquids as a support for Novozym 435 was previously studied by the authors for the acrylation of n-butanol as the target substrate, which was used as the foundation for the design of experiments. The combination of carbohydrate based ionic liquids and Novozym 435 remains a key aspect of this work. Building upon this, the reaction parameters were optimized for the Novozym catalyst. Substrate screening was performed to explore the scope and limitations of room temperature acrylation reactions. Herein, different alcohols and reaction conditions were screened extensively for the different acrylate products with yields of up to 99.9 % determined via gas chromatography (GC). Standard straight chain alcohols, 2-functionalized ethanol derivatives with electron donating and withdrawing groups, and more sterically challenging substrates were investigated over a broad concentration region. To further underline the applicability of the modified biocatalyst, two alcohols were converted with methacrylic acid. The presented method offers a greener pathway for acrylate synthesis, which eliminates the need for high reaction temperatures, strongly acidic catalysts and/or polymerization inhibitors as used in non-biocatalytic acrylate synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lehmann
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Jopp
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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2
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Hobisch M, Holtmann D, Gomez de Santos P, Alcalde M, Hollmann F, Kara S. Recent developments in the use of peroxygenases - Exploring their high potential in selective oxyfunctionalisations. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107615. [PMID: 32827669 PMCID: PMC8444091 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peroxygenases are an emerging new class of enzymes allowing selective oxyfunctionalisation reactions in a cofactor-independent way different from well-known P450 monooxygenases. Herein, we focused on recent developments from organic synthesis, molecular biotechnology and reaction engineering viewpoints that are devoted to bring these enzymes in industrial applications. This covers natural diversity from different sources, protein engineering strategies for expression, substrate scope, activity and selectivity, stabilisation of enzymes via immobilisation, and the use of peroxygenases in low water media. We believe that peroxygenases have much to offer for selective oxyfunctionalisations and we have much to study to explore the full potential of these versatile biocatalysts in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hobisch
- Department of Engineering, Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstr. 14, Gießen 35390, Germany
| | | | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Madrid 28049, Spain; EvoEnzyme S.L, C/ Marie Curie 2, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Biocatalysis Group, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Selin Kara
- Department of Engineering, Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark.
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3
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Zippilli C, Bizzarri BM, Gabellone S, Botta L, Saladino R. Oxidative Coupling of Coumarins by Blue‐LED‐Driven
in situ
Activation of Horseradish Peroxidase in a Two‐Liquid‐Phase System. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Zippilli
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences University of Tuscia Via S.C. De Lellis s.n.c. 01100 Viterbo Italy
| | - Bruno Mattia Bizzarri
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences University of Tuscia Via S.C. De Lellis s.n.c. 01100 Viterbo Italy
| | - Sofia Gabellone
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences University of Tuscia Via S.C. De Lellis s.n.c. 01100 Viterbo Italy
| | - Lorenzo Botta
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences University of Tuscia Via S.C. De Lellis s.n.c. 01100 Viterbo Italy
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences University of Tuscia Via S.C. De Lellis s.n.c. 01100 Viterbo Italy
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4
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Yuan Q, Liang H. Self-repairing metal–organic hybrid complexes for reinforcing immobilized chloroperoxidase reusability. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:3216-3219. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc10319g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A self-repairing metal–chloroperoxidase (CPO) hybrid nanocatalyst with a sodium alginate (SA) coating displayed robust reusability under acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Xuejian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
| | - Hao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
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5
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Canale TD, Sen D. Hemin-utilizing G-quadruplex DNAzymes are strongly active in organic co-solvents. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:1455-1462. [PMID: 27856300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of organic solvents in industrial processes has focused in recent years on the utility of "green" solvents - those with less harmful environmental, health, and safety properties - such as methanol and formamide. However, protein enzymes, regarded as green catalysts, are often incompatible with organic solvents. Herein, we have explored the oxidative properties of a Fe(III)-heme, or hemin, utilizing catalytic DNA (heme·DNAzyme) in different green solvent-water mixtures. We find that the peroxidase and peroxygenase activities of the heme·DNAzyme are strongly enhanced in 20-30% v/v methanol or formamide, relative to water alone. Protic solvent content of >30% v/v gradually diminishes heme·DNAzyme catalytic activity; however, the heme·DNAzyme is still active in as high as 80% v/v methanol. In contrast to protic solvents, aqueous dimethylformamide solutions largely inhibit heme·DNAzyme activity. In view of the strong catalytic activity of heme·DNAzyme in aqueous methanol, we were able to determine that a 60% v/v methanol-water mixture gives the most optimal yield of the dibenzothiophene sulfoxide (DBTO) oxidation product of petroleum-derived dibenzothiophene (DBT). The high product yield reflects both DNAzyme catalysis and a high substrate availability. Overall, these results emphasize the excellent promise of G-quadruplex forming DNA catalysts in application to "greener" industrial chemistry. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "G-quadruplex" Guest Editor: Dr. Concetta Giancola and Dr. Daniela Montesarchio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Canale
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Dipankar Sen
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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6
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Atypical profiles and modulations of heme-enzymes catalyzed outcomes by low amounts of diverse additives suggest diffusible radicals' obligatory involvement in such redox reactions. Biochimie 2016; 125:91-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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7
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Enhancement of operational stability of chloroperoxidase from Caldariomyces fumago by immobilization onto mesoporous supports and the use of co-solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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8
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Pereira PC, Arends IW, Sheldon RA. Optimizing the chloroperoxidase–glucose oxidase system: The effect of glucose oxidase on activity and enantioselectivity. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Takizawa S, Gröger H, Sasai H. Vanadium in Asymmetric Synthesis: Emerging Concepts in Catalyst Design and Applications. Chemistry 2015; 21:8992-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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10
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Bormann S, Gomez Baraibar A, Ni Y, Holtmann D, Hollmann F. Specific oxyfunctionalisations catalysed by peroxygenases: opportunities, challenges and solutions. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy01477d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Peroxygenases are promising oxyfunctionalisation catalysts for organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alvaro Gomez Baraibar
- Delft University of Technology
- Department of Biotechnology
- 2628 BL Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Yan Ni
- Delft University of Technology
- Department of Biotechnology
- 2628 BL Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- DECHEMA Research Institute
- 60486 Frankfurt am Main
- Germany
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Delft University of Technology
- Department of Biotechnology
- 2628 BL Delft
- The Netherlands
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11
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Zhang R, He Q, Chatfield D, Wang X. Paramagnetic nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation and molecular mechanics studies of the chloroperoxidase-indole complex: insights into the mechanism of chloroperoxidase-catalyzed regioselective oxidation of indole. Biochemistry 2013; 52:3688-701. [PMID: 23634952 DOI: 10.1021/bi4002437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To unravel the mechanism of chloroperoxidase (CPO)-catalyzed regioselective oxidation of indole, we studied the structure of the CPO-indole complex using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation measurements and computational techniques. The dissociation constant (KD) of the CPO-indole complex was calculated to be approximately 21 mM. The distances (r) between protons of indole and the heme iron calculated via NMR relaxation measurements and molecular docking revealed that the pyrrole ring of indole is oriented toward the heme with its 2-H pointing directly at the heme iron. Both KD and r values are independent of pH in the range of 3.0-6.5. The stability and structure of the CPO-indole complex are also independent of the concentration of chloride or iodide ion. Molecular docking suggests the formation of a hydrogen bond between the NH group of indole and the carboxyl O of Glu 183 in the binding of indole to CPO. Simulated annealing of the CPO-indole complex using r values from NMR experiments as distance restraints reveals that the van der Waals interactions were much stronger than the Coulomb interactions in the binding of indole to CPO, indicating that the association of indole with CPO is primarily governed by hydrophobic rather than electrostatic interactions. This work provides the first experimental and theoretical evidence of the long-sought mechanism that leads to the "unexpected" regioselectivity of the CPO-catalyzed oxidation of indole. The structure of the CPO-indole complex will serve as a lighthouse in guiding the design of CPO mutants with tailor-made activities for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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12
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In situ aldehyde generation for aldol addition reactions catalyzed by d-fructose-6-phosphate aldolase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Pešić M, López C, Álvaro G. Chloroperoxidase catalyzed oxidation of Cbz-ethanolamine to Cbz-glycinal. Biochem Eng J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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O'Reilly NJ, Magner E. The effect of solvent on the catalytic properties of microperoxidase-11. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:5304-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02321c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Rioz-Martínez A, Kopacz M, de Gonzalo G, Torres Pazmiño DE, Gotor V, Fraaije MW. Exploring the biocatalytic scope of a bacterial flavin-containing monooxygenase. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1337-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00988a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Ru X, Wu J, Guo H, Jiang Y, Hu M, Zhai Q, Li S. The improvement of chloroperoxidase activities in the presence of ammonium salts and cationic surfactants. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:1024-8. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Anderson M, Allenmark S. The Potential Of Vanadium Bromoperoxidase As A Catalyst In Preparative Asymmetric Sulfoxidation. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242420009040123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Leak DJ, Sheldon RA, Woodley JM, Adlercreutz P. Biocatalysts for selective introduction of oxygen. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420802393519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Spreti N, Germani R, Incani A, Savelli G. Stabilization of Chloroperoxidase by Polyethylene Glycols in Aqueous Media: Kinetic Studies and Synthetic Applications. Biotechnol Prog 2008; 20:96-101. [PMID: 14763829 DOI: 10.1021/bp034167i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chloroperoxidase (CPO) is one of the most versatile of the heme peroxidase enzymes for synthetic applications. Despite the potential use of CPO, commercial processes have not been developed because of the low water solubility of many organic substrates of synthetic interest and the limited stability due to inactivation by H(2)O(2). CPO catalytic properties have been studied in aqueous solutions in the presence of short-chain poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs), and the sulfoxidation of thioanisole, as model substrate, has been investigated. The addition of PEGs allows a better substrate solubilization in the reaction mixture and the enzyme to retain more of its initial activity, with respect to pure buffer. Kinetic studies were performed to optimize the experimental conditions, and complete enantioselective conversion to the (R)-sulfoxide (ee = 99%) was observed in the presence of PEG 200 and tri(ethylene glycol). The relevant stabilization of chloroperoxidase due to the presence of PEGs allows the enzyme to convert the substrate with significant product yields even after 10 days, with a consequent increase in enzyme productivity. This is a promising result in view of industrial application of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Spreti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67010 Coppito (AQ), Italy
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20
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Tzialla A, Kalogeris E, Gournis D, Sanakis Y, Stamatis H. Enhanced catalytic performance and stability of chloroperoxidase from Caldariomyces fumago in surfactant free ternary water–organic solvent systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2007.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Lütz S, Vuorilehto K, Liese A. Process development for the electroenzymatic synthesis of (R)-methylphenylsulfoxide by use of a 3-dimensional electrode. Biotechnol Bioeng 2007; 98:525-34. [PMID: 17390382 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The electrogeneration of hydrogen peroxide via reduction of dissolved oxygen was carried out in a three-dimensional electrochemical cell using graphite grains as cathode material and combined with the enantioselective oxidation of thioanisole to (R)-methylphenylsulfoxide catalyzed by Chloroperoxidase from Caldariomyces fumago. The relevant parameters for process development (e.g., conductivity of the biotransformation medium) were identified and optimized, leading to an efficient electroenzymatic process with a space-time yield of 104 g x L(-1) x d(-1). The isolated product was produced on gram scale (1.2 g, purity >98%, ee > 98.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lütz
- Institute of Biotechnology 2, Research Centre Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
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22
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Daligault F, Nugier-Chauvin C, Patin H. Microalga Chlorella sorokiniana: a new sulfoxidation biocatalyst. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:1474-7. [PMID: 16604213 DOI: 10.1039/b516813a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Whole cells of the microalga Chlorella sorokiniana were evaluated in the oxidation of prochiral thioethers as regards conversion, enantiomeric excess and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Daligault
- CNRS UMR 6052, Synthèse et Activation de Biomolécules, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35700 Rennes Beaulieu, France
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23
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Pezzotti F, Okrasa K, Therisod M. Bienzymatic synthesis of chiral heteroaryl-methyl-sulfoxides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Adam W, Heckel F, Saha-Möller CR, Taupp M, Meyer JM, Schreier P. Opposite enantioselectivities of two phenotypically and genotypically similar strains of Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis in bacterial whole-cell sulfoxidation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:2199-202. [PMID: 15812060 PMCID: PMC1082553 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.4.2199-2202.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil samples were screened to select microorganisms with the capability to oxidize organic sulfides into the corresponding sulfoxides with differential enantioselectivities. Several bacterial strains that preferentially produced the S-configured sulfoxide enantiomer were isolated. Surprisingly, one bacterial strain, genotypically and phenotypically characterized as Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis, selectively gave the R enantiomer. The finding that two apparently identical organisms displayed opposite enantioselectivities is novel for non-genetically modified organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Adam
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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25
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Torres E, Aburto J. Chloroperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene as dimer complexes: Evidence for kinetic cooperativity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2005; 437:224-32. [PMID: 15850562 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2005.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Revised: 03/04/2005] [Accepted: 03/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A sigmoidal kinetic behavior of chloroperoxidase for the oxidation of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) in water-miscible organic solvent is for the first time reported. Kinetics of 4,6-DMDBT oxidation showed a cooperative profile probably due to the capacity of chloroperoxidase to recognize a substrate dimer (pi-pi dimer) in its active site. Experimental evidence is given for dimer formation and its presence in the active site of chloroperoxidase. The kinetic data were adjusted for a binding site able to interact with either monomer or dimer substrates, producing a cooperative model describing a one-site binding of two related species. Determination of kinetics constants by iterative calculations of possible oxidation paths of 4,6-DMDBT suggests that kinetics oxidation of dimer substrate is preferred when compared to monomer oxidation. Steady-state fluorometry of substrate in the absence and presence of chloroperoxidase, described by the spectral center of mass, supports this last conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Torres
- Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas 152, 07730 Mexico City, Mexico
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26
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Nitrite increases the enantioselectivity of sulfoxidation catalyzed by myoglobin derivatives in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Adam W, Heckel F, Saha-Möller CR, Taupp M, Schreier P. A highly enantioselective biocatalytic sulfoxidation by the topsoil bacterium Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2003.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Chapter 3 Enzymatic catalysis on petroleum products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(04)80144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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29
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30
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Conesa A, van De Velde F, van Rantwijk F, Sheldon RA, van Den Hondel CA, Punt PJ. Expression of the Caldariomyces fumago chloroperoxidase in Aspergillus niger and characterization of the recombinant enzyme. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:17635-40. [PMID: 11278701 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m010571200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Caldariomyces fumago chloroperoxidase was successfully expressed in Aspergillus niger. The recombinant enzyme was produced in the culture medium as an active protein and could be purified by a three-step purification procedure. The catalytic behavior of recombinant chloroperoxidase (rCPO) was studied and compared with that of native CPO. The specific chlorination activity (47 units/nmol) of rCPO and its pH optimum (pH 2.75) were very similar to those of native CPO. rCPO catalyzes the oxidation of various substrates in comparable yields and selectivities to native CPO. Indole was oxidized to 2-oxindole with 99% selectivity and thioanisole to the corresponding R-sulfoxide (enantiomeric excess >98%). Incorporation of (18)O from labeled H(2)18O(2) into the oxidized products was 100% in both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Conesa
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Gene Technology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands
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31
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van de Velde F, van Rantwijk F, Sheldon RA. Improving the catalytic performance of peroxidases in organic synthesis. Trends Biotechnol 2001; 19:73-80. [PMID: 11164557 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7799(00)01529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Peroxidases are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze a variety of enantioselective oxygen-transfer reactions with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Although they have enormous potential, their industrial application is hampered by their high price and low operational stability. Recent developments, such as the controlled addition and in situ formation of the oxidant, protein engineering and the rational design of semi-synthetic peroxidases, aim to improve the operational stability of peroxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F van de Velde
- Nizo Food Research, PO Box 20, 6710 BA, Ede, The Netherlands
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van de Velde F, Bakker M, van Rantwijk F, Rai G, Hager L, Sheldon R. Engineering chloroperoxidase for activity and stability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(00)00022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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van de Velde F, Bakker M, van Rantwijk F, Sheldon RA. Chloroperoxidase-catalyzed enantioselective oxidations in hydrophobic organic media. Biotechnol Bioeng 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-0290(20010305)72:5<523::aid-bit1016>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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ten Brink HB, Schoemaker HE, Wever R. Sulfoxidation mechanism of vanadium bromoperoxidase from Ascophyllum nodosum. Evidence for direct oxygen transfer catalysis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2001; 268:132-8. [PMID: 11121113 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.01856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that vanadium bromoperoxidase from Ascophyllum nodosum mediates production of the (R)-enantiomer of methyl phenyl sulfoxide with 91% enantiomeric excess. Investigation of the intrinsic selectivity of vanadium bromoperoxidase reveals that the enzyme catalyzes the sulfoxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide in a purely enantioselective manner. The K(m) of the enzyme for methyl phenyl sulfide was determined to be approximately 3.5 mM in the presence of 25% methanol or tert-butanol. The selectivity of the sulfoxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide is optimal in the temperature range 25-30 degrees C and can be further optimized by increasing the enzyme concentration, yielding selectivities with up to 96% enantiomeric excess. Furthermore, we established for the first time that vanadium bromoperoxidase is functional at temperatures up to 70 degrees C. A detailed investigation of the sulfoxidation activity of this enzyme using (18)O-labeled hydrogen peroxide shows that vanadium bromoperoxidase mediates the direct transfer of the peroxide oxygen to the sulfide. A schematic model of the vanadium haloperoxidase sulfoxidation mechanism is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B ten Brink
- E.C. Slater Institute, BioCentrum, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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van Rantwijk F, Sheldon RA. Selective oxygen transfer catalysed by heme peroxidases: synthetic and mechanistic aspects. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2000; 11:554-64. [PMID: 11102789 DOI: 10.1016/s0958-1669(00)00143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic and mechanistic aspects of the use of heme peroxidases as functional mimics of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in oxygen-transfer reactions have been described. The chloroperoxidase from Caldariomyces fumago (CPO) is the catalyst of choice in sulfoxidation, hydroxylation and epoxidation on account of its high activity and enantioselectivity. Other heme peroxidases were less active by orders of magnitude; protein engineering has resulted in impressive improvements but even the most active mutant was still at least an order of magnitude less active than CPO. The 'oxygen-rebound' mechanisms of oxygen transfer mediated by heme enzymes - as originally conceived - have proved to be untenable. Dual pathway mechanisms, via oxoferryl species that insert oxygen as well as iron hydroperoxide species that insert OH(+), have been proposed that accommodate all of the known experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- F van Rantwijk
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
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Bakker M, van De Velde F, van Rantwijk F, Sheldon RA. Highly efficient immobilization of glycosylated enzymes into polyurethane foams. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000; 70:342-8. [PMID: 10992238 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0290(20001105)70:3<342::aid-bit11>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylated enzymes, including aminoacylase from Aspergillus melleus, chloroperoxidase from Caldariomyces fumago, and phytase from Aspergillus ficuum, were covalently immobilized into polyurethane foams with very high enzyme loadings of up to 0.2 g protein per gram dry foam. The immobilization efficiency (retained activity) ranged from 100% at a low loading to 60% at high loadings. In contrast to many other immobilization methods no leaching of the enzyme from the support took place under the reaction conditions. In short, a universal method for the immobilization of enzymes from fungal sources was developed, affording a highly active, stable, and reusable biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bakker
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Peroxidase-catalyzed asymmetric sulfoxidations, while synthetically attractive, suffer from relatively low reaction rates due to poor substrate solubilities in water and from appreciable spontaneous oxidation of substrates (especially aryl alkyl sulfides) with H(2)O(2). In this work, we found that both of these shortcomings could be alleviated by switching from aqueous solutions to certain nearly anhydrous (99.7%) organic solvents as sulfoxidation reaction media. The rates of spontaneous oxidation of the model prochiral substrate thioanisole in several organic solvents were observed to be some 100- to 1000-fold slower than in water. In addition, the rates of asymmetric sulfoxidation of thioanisole in isopropyl alcohol and in methanol catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were determined to be tens to hundreds of times faster than in water under otherwise identical conditions. This dramatic activation is due to a much higher substrate solubility in organic solvents than in water and occurs even though the intrinsic reactivity of HRP in isopropyl alcohol and in methanol is hundreds of times lower than in water. Sulfoxidation of thioanisole catalyzed by four other hemoproteins (soybean peroxidase, myoglobin, hemoglobin, and cytochrome c) is also much faster in isopropyl alcohol than in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Abstract
Approaches to the rational design of vanadium-based semi-synthetic enzymes and biomimetic models as catalysts for enantioselective oxidations are reviewed. Incorporation of vanadate ion into the active site of phytase (E.C. 3.1.3.8), which in vivo mediates the hydrolysis of phosphate esters, afforded a semi-synthetic peroxidase. It catalyzed the enantioselective oxidation of prochiral sulfides with H2O2 affording the S-sulfoxide, e.g. in 66% ee at quantitative conversion of thioanisole. Under the reaction conditions the semi-synthetic vanadium peroxidase was stable for more than 3 days with only a slight decrease in turnover frequency. Amongst the transition-metal oxoanions that are known to be potent inhibitors of phosphatases, only vanadate resulted in a semi-synthetic peroxidase when incorporated into phytase. In a biomimetic approach, vanadium complexes of chiral Schiff base complexes were encapsulated in the super cages of a hydrophobic zeolite Y. Unfortunately, these ship-in-a-bottle complexes afforded only racemic sulfoxide in the catalytic oxidation of thioanisole with H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- F van de Velde
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
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van de Velde F, Lourenço ND, Bakker M, van Rantwijk F, Sheldon RA. Improved operational stability of peroxidases by coimmobilization with glucose oxidase. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-0290(20000805)69:3<286::aid-bit6>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Vargas RR, Bechara EJ, Marzorati L, Wladislaw B. Asymmetric sulfoxidation of a β-carbonyl sulfide series by chloroperoxidase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(99)00339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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De Queiroz AAA, Vargas RR, Higa OZ, Barrak ÉR, Bechara EJ, Wlasdislaw B, Marzorati L. Graft copolymers with immobilized peroxidase for organic synthesis. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-806x(98)00330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Adam W, Mock-Knoblauch C, Saha-Möller CR. Asymmetric Synthesis with the Enzyme Coprinus Peroxidase: Kinetic Resolution of Chiral Hydroperoxides and Enantioselective Sulfoxidation. J Org Chem 1999; 64:4834-4839. [PMID: 11674558 DOI: 10.1021/jo990201p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme Coprinus peroxidase (CiP) was employed for the kinetic resolution of racemic hydroperoxides 1 and the asymmetric sulfoxidation of prochiral sulfides 4. Eleven hydroperoxides 1a-k were reduced by CiP and guaiacol as reductant under conditions of kinetic resolution with enantioselectivities of up to >98% for the (S)-hydroperoxide 1 and 90% for the (R)-alcohol 2. In the absence of a reductant, the hydroperoxide 1a afforded with CiP enantiomerically enriched hydroperoxide 1a (ee up to 54%) and alcohol 2a (ee up to 40%), as well as ketone 3a (which is also formed simultaneously in all other reactions) and molecular oxygen. Catalase activity was established for CiP with hydrogen peroxide. When aryl alkyl sulfides 4 were used as oxygen acceptors, three products, sulfoxides 5, alcohols 2, and hydroperoxides 1, were obtained, all in enantiomerically enriched form. The highest ee value (89%) was achieved for the sulfoxide derived from naphthyl methyl sulfide (4f). Thus, CiP may be utilized for the asymmetric synthesis of optically active hydroperoxides 1, alcohols 2, and sulfoxides 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Adam
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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van de Velde F, van Rantwijk F, Sheldon R. Selective oxidations with molecular oxygen, catalyzed by chloroperoxidase in the presence of a reductant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(99)00059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Colonna S, Gaggero N, Richelmi C, Pasta P. Recent biotechnological developments in the use of peroxidases. Trends Biotechnol 1999; 17:163-8. [PMID: 10203775 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7799(98)01288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Peroxidases are ubiquitous oxidoreductases that use hydrogen peroxide or alkyl peroxides as oxidants. Advances have recently been made in using them to prepare, under mild and controlled conditions, chiral organic molecules that are valuable for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of a wide range of useful compounds. Horseradish peroxidase can be converted into a peroxygenative enzyme by molecular engineering. Chloroperoxidase, the most versatile peroxidase, behaves like a 'true' monooxygenase in sulfoxidations with molecular oxygen and an external reductant, with substantial increases in enantioselectivity and enzyme stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Colonna
- Centro CNR and Istituto di Chimica Organica, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Venezian 21, I-20133 Milano,
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Abstract
The past year has seen further structural characterisation of both nonmetal and vanadium haloperoxidase enzymes to add to that already known for the haem- and vanadium-containing enzymes. Exploitation of these enzymes for halogenation, sulfoxidation, epoxidation, oxidation of indoles and other biotransformations has increased as more information on their catalytic mechanism has been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Littlechild
- Schools of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
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