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Wang X, Tang Q, Bergquist R, Zhou X, Qin Z. The Cytokine Profile in Different Stages of Schistosomiasis Japonica. Pathogens 2023; 12:1201. [PMID: 37887717 PMCID: PMC10610117 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore and profile the level of cytokines in the sera of patients infected with Schistosoma japonicum to explore the helper T-cell response of patients either at the chronic or advanced stage of the disease. We randomly selected 58 subjects from several areas endemic for schistosomiasis japonica in China and collected serum samples to be tested for 18 different cytokines secreted by (1) Th1/Th2 cells (GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-10, IL-13, IL-18 and TNF-α) and (2) Th9/Th17/Th22/Treg cells (IL-9, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23 and IL-27). The Th1/Th2 cytokines in chronic patients were not significantly different from those in healthy people, while patients with advanced schistosomiasis had higher levels of IL-2, IL-23 and IL-27 and lower levels of IL-18 and IFN-γ. With respect to the Th9/Th17/Th22/Treg cell cytokines, there were higher levels of IL-23. Thus, a limited variation of the cytokine response between the three patient groups was evident, but only in those with advanced infection, while there was no difference between chronic schistosomiasis infection and healthy subjects in this respect. The cytokine expression should be followed in patients with advanced schistosomiasis who show a cytokine pattern of a weakened Th1 cell response and an increased Th17 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China; (X.W.); (Q.T.)
| | - Qi Tang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China; (X.W.); (Q.T.)
| | | | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China;
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China; (X.W.); (Q.T.)
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Wang L, Zhu Z, Liao Y, Zhang L, Yu Z, Yang R, Wu J, Wu Z, Sun X. Host Liver-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Deliver miR-142a-3p Induces Neutrophil Extracellular Traps via Targeting WASL to Block the Development of Schistosoma japonicum. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2092-2107. [PMID: 35351657 PMCID: PMC9092393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is an important neglected tropical disease. Interactions between the host immune system and schistosomes are complex. Neutrophils contribute to clearance of large pathogens primarily by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, the functional role of NETs in clearing schistosomes remains unclear. Herein, we report that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from the liver of Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice (IL-EVs) induce NET release by delivering miR-142a-3p to target WASL and block the development of S. japonicum. WASL knockout accelerated the formation of NETs that blocked further development of S. japonicum. miR-142a-3p and NETs upregulated the expression of CCL2, which recruits macrophages that block S. japonicum development. However, S. japonicum inhibited NET formation in wild-type mice by upregulating host interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression. In contrast, in WASL knockout mice, IL-10 expression was downregulated, and S. japonicum-mediated inhibition of NET formation was significantly reduced. IL-EV-mediated induction of NET formation is thus an anti-schistosome response that can be counteracted by S. japonicum. These findings suggest that IL-EV-mediated induction of NET formation plays a key role in schistosome infection and that WASL is a potential therapeutic target in schistosomiasis and other infectious diseases.
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Song LJ, Yin XR, Mu SS, Li JH, Gao H, Zhang Y, Dong PP, Mei CJ, Hua ZC. The Differential and Dynamic Progression of Hepatic Inflammation and Immune Responses During Liver Fibrosis Induced by Schistosoma japonicum or Carbon Tetrachloride in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:570524. [PMID: 33117360 PMCID: PMC7575768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis can result from various causes and could progress to cirrhosis and cancer; however, there are no effective treatments due to that its molecular mechanism is unclear. liver fibrosis model made by Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) infection or Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intraperitoneal injection is a conventional model used in liver fibrosis-related studies for mechanism or pharmaceutical research purposes. But the differences in the pathological progression, immune responses and the underlying mechanism between the two liver fibrosis model have not been carefully compared and characterized, which hinders us from correctly understanding and making better use of the two models. In the present study, the pathological changes to the liver, and the cytokines, inflammatory factors, macrophages, and lymphocytes subsets involved were analyzed in the liver fibrosis model of S. japonicum infection or CCl4 intraperitoneal injection. Additionally, the pathological progression, immune responses and the underlying injury mechanism in these two models were compared and characterized. The results showed that the changing trend of interleukin-13 (IL-13), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), inflammatory factors, and M1, M2 macrophages, were consistent with the development trend of fibrosis regardless of whether liver fibrosis was caused by S. japonicum or CCl4. For lymphocyte subsets, the proportions of CD3+ T cells and CD4+ T cells decreased gradually, while proportion of CD8+ T cells peaked at 6 weeks in mice infected with S. japonicum and at 12 weeks in mice injected with CCl4. With prolonged S. japonicum infection time, Th1 (CD4+IFN-γ+) immunity converted to Th2 (CD4+IL-4+)/Th17 (CD4+IL-17+) with weaker regulatory T cell (Treg) (CD4+CD25+FOXP3+) immunity. However, in liver fibrosis caused by CCl4, Th1 cells occupied the dominant position, while proportions of Th2, Th17, and Treg cells decreased gradually. In conclusion, liver fibrosis was a complex pathological process that was regulated by a series of cytokines and immune cells. The pathological progressions and immune responses to S. japonicum or CCl4 induced liver fibrosis were different, possibly because of their different injury mechanisms. The appropriate animal model should be selected according to the needs of different experiments and the pathogenic factors of liver fibrosis in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Song
- School of Life Sciences and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xu-Ren Yin
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Sha-Sha Mu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia-Huang Li
- School of Life Sciences and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Pan-Pan Dong
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Cong-Jin Mei
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Zi-Chun Hua
- School of Life Sciences and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou, China
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Angeles JMM, Mercado VJP, Rivera PT. Behind Enemy Lines: Immunomodulatory Armamentarium of the Schistosome Parasite. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1018. [PMID: 32582161 PMCID: PMC7295904 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The deeply rooted, intricate relationship between the Schistosoma parasite and the human host has enabled the parasite to successfully survive within the host and surreptitiously evade the host's immune attacks. The parasite has developed a variety of strategies in its immunomodulatory armamentarium to promote infection without getting harmed or killed in the battlefield of immune responses. These include the production of immunomodulatory molecules, alteration of membranes, and the promotion of granuloma formation. Schistosomiasis thus serves as a paradigm for understanding the Th2 immune responses seen in various helminthiases. This review therefore aims to summarize the immunomodulatory mechanisms of the schistosome parasites to survive inside the host. Understanding these immunomodulatory strategies not only provides information on parasite-host interactions, but also forms the basis in the development of novel drugs and vaccines against the schistosome infection, as well as various types of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ma M Angeles
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Van Jerwin P Mercado
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Pilarita T Rivera
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
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De Marco Verissimo C, Potriquet J, You H, McManus DP, Mulvenna J, Jones MK. Qualitative and quantitative proteomic analyses of Schistosoma japonicum eggs and egg-derived secretory-excretory proteins. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:173. [PMID: 30992086 PMCID: PMC6469072 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosome parasites lay up to a thousand eggs per day inside the veins of their mammalian hosts. The immature eggs deposited by females against endothelia of venules will embryonate within days. Approximately 30% of the eggs will migrate to the lumen of the intestine to continue the parasite life-cycle. Many eggs, however, are trapped in the liver and intestine causing the main pathology associated with schistosomiasis mansoni and japonica, the liver granulomatous response. Excretory-secretory egg proteins drive much of egg-induced pathogenesis of schistosomiasis mansoni, and Schistosoma japonicum induce a markedly distinct granulomatous response to that of S. mansoni. METHODS To explore the basis of variations in this responsiveness, we investigated the proteome of eggs of S. japonicum. Using mass spectrometry qualitative and quantitative (SWATH) analyses, we describe the protein composition of S. japonicum eggs secretory proteins (ESP), and the differential expression of proteins by fully mature and immature eggs, isolated from faeces and ex vivo adults. RESULTS Of 957 egg-related proteins identified, 95 were exclusively found in S. japonicum ESP which imply that they are accessible to host immune system effector elements. An in-silico analysis implies that ESP are able of stimulating the innate and adaptive immune system through several different pathways. While quantitative SWATH analysis revealed 124 proteins that are differentially expressed by mature and immature S. japonicum eggs, illuminating some important aspects of eggs biology and infection, we also show that mature eggs are more likely than immature eggs to stimulate host immune responses. CONCLUSIONS Here we present a list of potential targets that can be used to develop better strategies to avoid severe morbidity during S. japonicum infection, as well as improving diagnosis, treatment and control of schistosomiasis japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina De Marco Verissimo
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Medical Biological Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - Jeremy Potriquet
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hong You
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Donald P McManus
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason Mulvenna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Malcolm K Jones
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Zhang WJ, Fang ZM, Liu WQ. NLRP3 inflammasome activation from Kupffer cells is involved in liver fibrosis of Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice via NF-κB. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:29. [PMID: 30635040 PMCID: PMC6330481 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was reported as expressed in schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis (SSLF). We used an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, MCC950, to investigate whether it inhibited liver fibrosis, and explored the preliminary molecular mechanism. METHODS BALB/c mice were infected with 15 cercariae through the abdominal skin. They received intraperitoneal injections of MCC950 on the day of infection and at day 22 post-infection. We examined their SSLF phenotype and the effect on liver fibrosis, primary Kupffer cells (KCs), and HSCs. Human hepatic stellate cell lines (human LX-2 cells) were treated with soluble egg antigen (SEA) released from the eggs. We then determined the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and liver fibrosis-associated markers, liver granuloma and ALT/AST. RESULTS NLRP3 inflammasome expression in the liver was significantly increased, and eosinophilic granuloma and collagen deposition were found around the eggs in mice infected for 56 days. Additionally, IL-1β, ALT/AST in plasma, and NF-κB in liver tissue and in KCs were all greatly significantly increased. The above-mentioned indicators were largely reduced in mice treated with MCC950 on the day of infection. In vitro, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/SEA could induce LX-2 cells to express NLRP3 and fibrosis markers, and the SEA-treated group was reversed by MCC950. Furthermore, NLRP3 inflammasome and liver fibrosis-associated markers were both increased in the primary KCs and HSCs isolated from infected mice. However, this effect was not observed in the same cells from the mice treated with MCC950 on the day of infection. Contrary to the aforementioned results, MCC950 treatment at day 22 post-infection aggravated this process. Surprisingly, NLRP3 inflammasome was involved in liver fibrosis mostly from KCs. CONCLUSIONS MCC950 acts dually on SSLF pathology and fibrosis in infected mice. Although MCC950 treatment improved SSLF on the day of infection, it exacerbated the pathological effects at day 22 post-infection. These dual effects were mediated via NF-κB. Moreover, NLRP3 inflammasome mainly came from KCs. Our results suggest that blocking NLRP3 on the day of infection may prove to be a promising direction in preventing SSLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Ming Fang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qi Liu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Recruitment of Neutrophils Mediated by Vγ2 γδ T Cells Deteriorates Liver Fibrosis Induced by Schistosoma japonicum Infection in C57BL/6 Mice. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.01020-16. [PMID: 28507072 PMCID: PMC5520426 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01020-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional adaptive T cell responses contribute to the pathogenesis of Schistosoma japonicum infection, leading to liver fibrosis. However, the role of gamma-delta (γδ) T cells in this disease is less clear. γδ T cells are known to secrete interleukin-17 (IL-17) in response to infection, exerting either protective or pathogenic functions. In the present study, mice infected with S. japonicum are used to characterize the role of γδ T cells. Combined with the infection of S. japonicum, an extremely significant increase in the percentage of neutrophils in the CD45+ cells was detected (from approximately 2.45% to 46.10% in blood and from 0.18% to 7.34% in spleen). Further analysis identified two different γδ T cell subsets that have different functions in the formation of granulomas in S. japonicum-infected mice. The Vγ1 T cells secrete gamma interferon (IFN-γ) only, while the Vγ2 T cells secrete both IL-17A and IFN-γ. Both subtypes lose the ability to secrete cytokine during the late stage of infection (12 weeks postinfection). When we depleted the Vγ2 T cells in infected mice, the percentage of neutrophils in blood and spleen decreased significantly, the liver fibrosis in the granulomas was reduced, and the level of IL-17A in the serum decreased (P < 0.05). These results suggest that during S. japonicum infection, Vγ2 T cells can recruit neutrophils and aggravate liver fibrosis by secreting IL-17A. This is the first report that a subset of γδ T cells plays a partial role in the pathological process of schistosome infection.
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Enhanced Wnt Signalling in Hepatocytes is Associated with Schistosoma japonicum Infection and Contributes to Liver Fibrosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:230. [PMID: 28331224 PMCID: PMC5428310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the most serious pathology caused by Schistosoma japonicum infection, which arises when schistosome eggs are deposited in the liver. Eosinophils, macrophages and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have been identified as major cellular contributors to the development of granulomas and fibrosis, but little is known about the effects of hepatocytes on granuloma formation. Here, we found that the levels of Wnt signalling-related molecules, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in hepatocytes were markedly elevated after S. japonicum infection. Liver fibrosis was exacerbated when exogenous Wnt3a was introduced, but was alleviated when Wnt signalling was suppressed by DKK1, accompanied by the reduced expression of TGF-β and CTGF in hepatocytes. These results indicate that the hepatocytic expression of TGF-β and CTGF is mediated by Wnt signalling. Additionally, the hepatocytes isolated from infected mice promoted the activation of primary HSCs in vitro, however, this effect was not observed when hepatocytes from DKK1 treated S. japonicum-infected mice was employed in the co-culture system. Our findings identify a novel pro-fibrogenic role of hepatocytes in schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis that is dependent on Wnt signalling, which may serve as a potential target for ameliorating hepatic fibrosis caused by helminths.
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Chuah C, Jones MK, Burke ML, McManus DP, Gobert GN. Cellular and chemokine-mediated regulation in schistosome-induced hepatic pathology. Trends Parasitol 2014; 30:141-50. [PMID: 24433721 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In hepatic schistosomiasis, pathology arises when schistosome eggs become lodged in the host liver, evoking an interleukin 4 (IL-4)- and IL-13-mediated dominant CD4(+) Th2 immune response. This response leads to the development of granulomas and fibrosis, with eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, hepatic stellate cells, and lymphocytes all identified as major cellular contributors to these events. This review outlines the cellular and molecular mechanisms of hepatic schistosomiasis, with an emphasis on the major cellular components and their release of chemokines. The differences between Schistosoma mansoni- and Schistosoma japonicum-induced hepatic granuloma are also discussed. This comprehensive overview of the processes associated with hepatic schistosomiasis may provide new insights into improved treatment for both schistosomiasis and other granulofibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candy Chuah
- Parasite Cell Biology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Australia; School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, 4343, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Malcolm K Jones
- Parasite Cell Biology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Australia; School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, 4343, Australia
| | - Melissa L Burke
- Division of Mycobacterial Research, National Institute for Medical Research, London, NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Australia
| | - Geoffrey N Gobert
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Australia.
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Fu Y, Nie HM, Niu LL, Xie Y, Deng JB, Wang Q, Yang GY, Gu XB, Wang SX. Comparative efficacy of ivermectin and levamisole for reduction of migrating and encapsulated larvae of Baylisascaris transfuga in mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2011; 49:145-51. [PMID: 21738270 PMCID: PMC3121071 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2011.49.2.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The comparative efficacy of 2 anthelmintics (ivermectin and levamisole) against Baylisascaris transfuga migrating and encapsulated larvae was studied in mice. A total of 60 BALB/c mice inoculated each with about 1,000 embryonated B. transfuga eggs were equally divided into 6 groups (A-F) randomly. Mice of groups A and B were treated with ivermectin and levamisole, respectively, on day 3 post-infection (PI). Mice of groups A-C were killed on day 13 PI. Similarly, groups D and E were treated with ivermectin and levamisole, respectively, on day 14 PI, and all mice of groups D-F were treated on day 24 PI. The groups C and F were controls. Microexamination was conducted to count the larvae recovering from each mouse. The percentages of reduction in the number of migrating larvae recovered from group A (ivermectin) and B (levamisole) were 88.3% and 81.1%, respectively. In addition, the reduction in encapsulated larvae counts achieved by ivermectin (group D) and levamisole (group E) was 75.0% and 49.2%, respectively. The results suggested that, to a certain extent, both anthelmintics appeared to be more effective against migrating larvae than encapsulated larvae. However, in the incipient stage of infection, ivermectin may be more competent than levamisole as a larvicidal drug for B. transfuga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
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Li H, Gu C, Ren Y, Dai Y, Zhu X, Xu J, Li Y, Qiu Z, Zhu J, Zhu Y, Guan X, Feng Z. The efficacy of NP11-4-derived immunotoxin scFv-artesunate in reducing hepatic fibrosis induced by Schistosoma japonicum in mice. J Biomed Res 2011; 25:148-54. [PMID: 23554683 PMCID: PMC3596707 DOI: 10.1016/s1674-8301(11)60019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases in China, and hepatic fibrosis caused by schistosome infection is the principal cause of death. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of NP11-4-derived immunotoxin scFv-artesunate on Schistosoma japonicum-induced hepatic fibrosis. A single-chain variable fragment (scFv) was generated from the murine anti-Schistosoma japonicum (S. japanicum) monoclonal antibody NP11-4. The scFv was expressed as a soluble protein and purified by Ni-affinity chromatography. After conjugation with artesunate, the binding ability with soluble egg antigens (SEA) was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The biological activity of purified scFv, scFv-artesunate (immunotoxin), and artesunate was detected in vivo. Image-Pro Plus software was used to analyze the size of egg granuloma and the extent of liver fibrosis. The recombinant scFv expession vector was constructed and expressed successfully. After purification by a His-trap Ni-affinity column, the scFv yield was approximately 0.8 mg/L of culture medium. ELISA results showed that chemical conjugation did not affect the binding activity of the immunotoxin. Our animal experiments indicated that the immunotoxin could significantly reduce the size of egg granuloma in the liver and inhibit hepatic fibrosis. The immunotoxin could be used as a promising candidate in the targeted therapy of S. japonicum-induced hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Key Labortary of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Pathology Department, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- Key Labortary of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Pathology Department, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yongya Ren
- Key Labortary of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Pathology Department, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yang Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Key Labortary of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Pathology Department, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Labortary of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Pathology Department, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Zhenning Qiu
- Key Labortary of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Labortary of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Yinchang Zhu
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- Key Labortary of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Zhenqing Feng
- Key Labortary of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Pathology Department, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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Anyan WK, Kumagai T, Shimogawara RF, Seki T, Akao N, Obata K, Kwansa-Bentum B, Bosompem KM, Boakye DA, Wilson MD, Karasuyama H, Ohta N. Schistosome eggs have a direct role in the induction of basophils capable of a high level of IL-4 production: Comparative study of single- and bisexual infection of Schistosoma mansoni in vivo. Trop Med Health 2010. [DOI: 10.2149/tmh.2009-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Arnaud V, Li J, Wang Y, Fu X, Mengzhi S, Luo X, Hou X, Dessein H, Jie Z, Xin-Ling Y, He H, McManus DP, Li Y, Dessein A. Regulatory role of interleukin-10 and interferon-gamma in severe hepatic central and peripheral fibrosis in humans infected with Schistosoma japonicum. J Infect Dis 2008; 198:418-26. [PMID: 18582197 PMCID: PMC2753300 DOI: 10.1086/588826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosoma japonicum is the most pathogenic agent of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. It causes fibrosis of the central (CentF) and peripheral (PerF) portal areas. We investigated whether CentF and PerF in Chinese fishermen infected with S. japonicum were associated with an abnormal production of cytokines and chemokines that, in experimental models, have been implicated in the regulation of fibrosis. METHODS Cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 127 patients, after stimulation with S. japonicum egg antigens. Data were analyzed by logistic regression that included age, sex, number of treatment episodes, alcohol use, and exposure as covariates. RESULTS CentF was associated with low levels of interleukin (IL)-10 (P= .0004), regulated on activation normally T cell expressed and secreted (P= .0004), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (P= .007). In a multivariate analysis, only IL-10 was associated with CentF (odds ratio [OR], 10.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2-38; P= .0004). Splenomegaly was also associated with low IL-10 production and, independently, with CentF. In multivariate analysis, PerF was associated with low production of interferon (IFN)-gamma (OR, 8.2; 95% CI, 2-33; P= .0035) but not with production of IL-10. CONCLUSIONS IL-10 is associated with protection against central fibrosis, because of its anti-inflammatory and antifibrosis effects. IFN-gamma is associated with protection against PerF, which depends more on egg load and egg-associated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violaine Arnaud
- INSERM, Unité 399, and 2Aix Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.
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14
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Kurata O, Nakabayashi M, Hatai K. In vitro leukocyte-encapsulation model in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 32:726-734. [PMID: 18093653 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Revised: 11/02/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We developed an in vitro model to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of granulomatous inflammation in response to invading pathogens. Ichthyophonus hoferi was used as a target for encapsulation by cultivated leukocytes from the kidney of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The encapsulation process was observed over 1 week. The leukocytes were identified as either macrophages in the inner layer, or neutrophils and lymphocytes in the outer layer. The encapsulation response was inhibited by treatment with heat, but not formalin or methanol. The recognition of heat-unstable molecules on the pathogen surface could induce encapsulation. Increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha2, was observed during encapsulation. These cytokines might play crucial roles in the encapsulation process. In particular, IL-8, which was expressed at a late phase, might recruit specific cell populations, such as the lymphocytes comprising the outer cellular layer around the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Kurata
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Department of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
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Layland LE, Wagner H, da Costa CUP. Lack of antigen-specific Th1 response alters granuloma formation and composition in Schistosoma mansoni-infected MyD88-/- mice. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35:3248-57. [PMID: 16276483 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200526273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the role of the innate immune system during schistosomiasis in vivo, we infected myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-deficient mice with Schistosoma mansoni and analyzed their pathognomonic formation of hepatic granulomas and T cell responses. Even though the differences between knockout and wild-type mice in terms of mortality, liver damage, serum IgE and parasite burden were insignificant, the liver granulomas in the MyD88-deficient mice were significantly smaller, less cellular and contained a reduced percentage of eosinophils. Histologically, these granulomas revealed stronger fibrosis, confirmed also by increased levels of soluble collagen and IL-13, implying a Th2 bias. Spleen cells from infected MyD88-deficient mice also produced significantly less IFN-gamma than their wild-type controls upon restimulation with Schistosoma-egg-antigen (SEA). Furthermore, SEA-loaded APC from naive wild-type or MyD88-deficient mice induced equal amounts of proliferation and cytokine secretion by T cells from wild-type infected mice. In contrast, Ag-specific T cells from infected MyD88-deficient mice produced hardly any IFN-gamma but considerably more IL-10, again regardless of the APC type. These findings indicate that the loss of IFN-gamma production is not due to impaired antigen presentation but may perhaps is due to suppression by IL-10-producing T cells. Thus, MyD88 plays an important role in cellular infiltration, granuloma composition and T cell responses during schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Layland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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