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Brekke RS, Gravdal A, El Jellas K, Curry GE, Lin J, Wilhelm SJ, Steine SJ, Mas E, Johansson S, Lowe ME, Johansson BB, Xiao X, Fjeld K, Molven A. Common single-base insertions in the VNTR of the carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) gene are benign and also likely to arise somatically in the exocrine pancreas. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:1001-1014. [PMID: 38483348 PMCID: PMC11102595 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The CEL gene encodes carboxyl ester lipase, a pancreatic digestive enzyme. CEL is extremely polymorphic due to a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) located in the last exon. Single-base deletions within this VNTR cause the inherited disorder MODY8, whereas little is known about VNTR single-base insertions in pancreatic disease. We therefore mapped CEL insertion variants (CEL-INS) in 200 Norwegian patients with pancreatic neoplastic disorders. Twenty-eight samples (14.0%) carried CEL-INS alleles. Most common were insertions in repeat 9 (9.5%), which always associated with a VNTR length of 13 repeats. The combined INS allele frequency (0.078) was similar to that observed in a control material of 416 subjects (0.075). We performed functional testing in HEK293T cells of a set of CEL-INS variants, in which the insertion site varied from the first to the 12th VNTR repeat. Lipase activity showed little difference among the variants. However, CEL-INS variants with insertions occurring in the most proximal repeats led to protein aggregation and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which upregulated the unfolded protein response. Moreover, by using a CEL-INS-specific antibody, we observed patchy signals in pancreatic tissue from humans without any CEL-INS variant in the germline. Similar pancreatic staining was seen in knock-in mice expressing the most common human CEL VNTR with 16 repeats. CEL-INS proteins may therefore be constantly produced from somatic events in the normal pancreatic parenchyma. This observation along with the high population frequency of CEL-INS alleles strongly suggests that these variants are benign, with a possible exception for insertions in VNTR repeats 1-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranveig S Brekke
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anny Gravdal
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Khadija El Jellas
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Grace E Curry
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8208, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jianguo Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8208, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven J Wilhelm
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8208, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Solrun J Steine
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Eric Mas
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, 27 Bd Leï Roure, 13273 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Mark E Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8208, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bente B Johansson
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Xunjun Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8208, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Karianne Fjeld
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Molven
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology and Section for Cancer Genomics, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 83, Bergen, Norway
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Hu B, Zhang X, Zhu S, Wang C, Deng Z, Wang T, Wu Y. Identification and validation of an individualized metabolic prognostic signature for predicting the biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer based on the immune microenvironment. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:92. [PMID: 38297388 PMCID: PMC10829481 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent genitourinary malignancy in men, with a significant proportion of patients developing biochemical recurrence (BCR) after treatment. The immune microenvironment and metabolic alterations have crucial implications for the tumorigenesis and progression of PCa. Therefore, identifying metabolic genes associated with the immune microenvironment holds promise for predicting BCR and improving PCa prognosis. METHODS In this study, ssGSEA and hierarchical clustering analysis were first conducted to evaluate and group PCa samples, followed by the use of the ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms to characterize the immunophenotypes and tumor microenvironment. The differential metabolic genes (MTGs) between groups were utilized to develop a prognostic-related signature. The predictive performance of the signature was assessed by principal component analysis (PCA), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, survival analysis, and the TIDE algorithm. A miRNA-MTGs regulatory network and predictive nomogram were constructed. Moreover, the expression of prognostic MTGs in PCa was detected by RT‒qPCR. RESULTS PCa samples from the TCGA cohort were separated into two groups: the immune-low group and immune-high group. Forty-eight differentially expressed MTGs between the groups were identified, including 37 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated MTGs. Subsequently, CEL, CYP3A4, and PDE6G were identified as the genes most strongly associated with the BCR of PCa patients and these genes were utilized to establish the MTGs-based prognostic signatures. PCA, ROC curves analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and the nomogram all showed the good predictive ability of the signature regardless of clinical variables. Furthermore, the MTGs-based signature was indicated as a potential predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response. Nine miRNAs involved in the regulation of prognostic MTGs were determined. In addition to the CEL gene, the PDE6G and CYP3A4 genes were expressed at higher levels in PCa samples. CONCLUSIONS The MTGs-based signature represents a novel approach with promising potential for predicting BCR in PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bintao Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shiqing Zhu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chengwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiyao Deng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Khan E, Chakrabarty S, Shariff S, Bardhan M. Genetics and Genomics of Chronic Pancreatitis with a Focus on Disease Biology and Molecular Pathogenesis. Glob Med Genet 2023; 10:324-334. [PMID: 38025192 PMCID: PMC10665123 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis is a long-term fibroinflammatory condition of the pancreas with varying incidences across countries. The recent increase in its occurrence implies the involvement of genetic, hereditary, and unconventional risk factors. However, there is a lack of updated literature on recent advances in genetic polymorphisms of chronic pancreatitis. Therefore, this review aims to present recent findings on the genetic implications of chronic pancreatitis based on individual gene mechanisms and to discuss epigenetics and epistasis involved in the disease. Four mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis, including premature activation of proteases, endoplasmic reticulum stress, ductal pathway dysfunction, and inflammatory pathway dysfunction. These mechanisms involve genes such as PRSS1, PRSS2, SPINK, CEL, PNLIP, PNLIPRP2, CFTR, CaSR, CLDN2, Alpha 1 antitrypsin, and GGT1 . Studying genetic polymorphisms on the basis of altered genes and their products may aid clinicians in identifying predispositions in patients with and without common risk factors. Further research may also identify associations between genetic predispositions and disease staging or prognosis, leading to personalized treatment protocols and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erum Khan
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, The university of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Soura Chakrabarty
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mainak Bardhan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, United States
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Wang J, Zhao K, Li M, Fan H, Wang M, Xia S, Chen Y, Bai X, Liu Z, Ni J, Sun W, Jia X, Lai S. A Preliminary Study of the Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Individual Growth and Rumen Development in Calves with Different Feeding Patterns. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2423. [PMID: 37894081 PMCID: PMC10609084 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, it is common to feed calves with "Concentrate", "Concentrate + hay" and TMR "Total Mixed Rations" feeding patterns in China, which achieved well feeding efficiency, but the three feeding patterns molecular regulation mechanism in actual production is still unclear. The study aimed to explore the most suitable feeding pattern for Chinese Holstein calves to improve the rumen fermentation function and growth performance of calves. In this regard, the interactions between rumen microorganisms and host metabolism were investigated. The rumen volume and weight of calves in the GF group were significantly higher than those in the GFF and TMR groups (p < 0.05), and the rumen pH of calves in the GF group was 6.47~6.79. Metagenomics analysis revealed that the rumen microbiome of GF and GFF calves had higher relative abundances of Methanobrevibacter, Methanosphaera, and Methanolacinia (p < 0.05). Prevotella multisaccharivorax was significantly more abundant in the rumen of GF calves (p < 0.05), indicating that GF group calves had a stronger ability to ferment sugars. Notably, in the pyruvate metabolic pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase was significantly up-regulated in GF calves compared with the TMR group, and pyruvate-phosphate dikinase was significantly down-regulated. Metabolomic results showed that Ursodeoxycholic acid was significantly up-regulated in GF calves, and most of the differential metabolites were enriched in Bile secretion pathways. The association analysis study found that the microorganisms of Prevotella and Ruminococcaceae might cooperate with the host, which was helpful for the digestion and absorption of lipids and made the calves have better growth. The three feeding modes had similar effects, but the 'GF' feeding pattern was more beneficial to the individual growth and ruminal development regarding ruminal morphology, contents physiology and microorganisms. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of rumen microorganisms and the host could more effectively hydrolyze lipid substances and promote the absorption of lipids, which was of great significance to the growth of calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.W.); (W.S.); (X.J.)
| | - Kaisen Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (K.Z.); (M.L.); (H.F.); (S.X.)
| | - Mianying Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (K.Z.); (M.L.); (H.F.); (S.X.)
| | - Huimei Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (K.Z.); (M.L.); (H.F.); (S.X.)
| | - Meigui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (K.Z.); (M.L.); (H.F.); (S.X.)
| | - Siqi Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (K.Z.); (M.L.); (H.F.); (S.X.)
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (K.Z.); (M.L.); (H.F.); (S.X.)
| | - Xue Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (K.Z.); (M.L.); (H.F.); (S.X.)
| | - Zheliang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (K.Z.); (M.L.); (H.F.); (S.X.)
| | - Jiale Ni
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (K.Z.); (M.L.); (H.F.); (S.X.)
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.W.); (W.S.); (X.J.)
| | - Xianbo Jia
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.W.); (W.S.); (X.J.)
| | - Songjia Lai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.W.); (W.S.); (X.J.)
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Ma X, Liu D, Hou F. Sono-activation of food enzymes: From principles to practice. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:1184-1225. [PMID: 36710650 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, sono-activation of enzymes as an emerging research area has received considerable attention from food researchers. This kind of relatively new application of ultrasound has demonstrated promising potential in facilitating the modern food industry by broadening the application of various food enzymes, improving relevant industrial unit operation and productivity, as well as increasing the yield of target products. This review aims to provide insight into the fundamental principles and possible industrialization strategies of the sono-activation of food enzymes to facilitate its commercialization. This review first provides an overview of ultrasound application in the activation of food protease, carbohydrase, and lipase. Then, the recent development on ultrasound activation of food enzymes is discussed on aspects including mechanisms, influencing factors, modification effects, and its applications in real food systems for free and immobilized enzymes. Despite the far fewer studies on sono-activation of immobilized enzymes compared with those on free enzymes, we endeavored to summarize the relevant aspects in three stages: ultrasound pretreatment of free enzyme/carrier, assistance in immobilization process, and modification of the already immobilized enzyme. Lastly, challenges for the scalability of ultrasound in these target areas are discussed and future research prospects are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Ma
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Furong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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Liu Y, Azad MAK, Zhu Q, Yu Z, Kong X. Dietary bile acid supplementation alters plasma biochemical and hormone indicators, intestinal digestive capacity, and microbiota of piglets with normal birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1053128. [PMID: 36439828 PMCID: PMC9684342 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1053128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Piglets with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) have poor small intestinal morphology and function, resulting in impaired digestion and absorption of nutrients and lower growth performance. Bile acids (BA) are important in regulating digestive enzyme activity, digestion and absorption of lipids, intestinal development, and protecting the liver. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary BA supplementation on plasma biochemical and hormone indicators, intestinal morphology and function, and microbial community in piglets with normal birth weight (NBW) and IUGR. Weaned piglets (24 IUGR and 24 NBW) were allocated to four groups (12 piglets per group) and fed the following diets: (i) NBW group, NBW piglets fed a basal diet; (ii) NBW + BA group, NBW piglets fed a basal diet with 400 mg/kg BA; (iii) IUGR group, IUGR piglets fed a basal diet; and (iv) IUGR + BA group, IUGR piglets fed a basal diet with 400 mg/kg BA. The feeding trial lasted 28 days. The results showed that IUGR decreased the weight of the jejunum, whereas dietary BA supplementation decreased the jejunum weight and increased the length, weight, and index of ileum in NBW piglets (p < 0.05). In addition, IUGR increased (p < 0.05) the plasma choline esterase (CHE) and glucose levels of weaned piglets regardless of BA supplementation. Dietary BA supplementation increased the plasma albumin, triglyceride, and total protein concentrations while decreased plasma aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), CHE, lactate dehydrogenase, and NH3 levels regardless of IUGR (p < 0.05). The IUGR increased trypsin level in the ileum, whereas dietary BA supplementation decreased jejunal trypsin and lipase and ileal lipase levels of weaned piglets regardless of IUGR (p < 0.05). Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed the potential link between the intestinal microbial community and intestinal health-related indices of weaned piglets. These findings suggest that IUGR could decrease small intestinal morphology and function, whereas dietary BA supplementation could promote the ileum development of NBW piglets, protect the liver by reducing plasma ALT and AST levels, and increase the proportion of potentially beneficial bacteria in the small intestine of NBW and IUGR piglets, contributing to intestinal development and health of weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Md. Abul Kalam Azad
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zugong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Zugong Yu,
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangfeng Kong,
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Kawamoto M, Yoshida T, Tamura K, Dbouk M, Canto MI, Burkhart R, He J, Roberts NJ, Klein AP, Goggins M. Endoplasmic stress-inducing variants in carboxyl ester lipase and pancreatic cancer risk. Pancreatology 2022; 22:959-964. [PMID: 35995657 PMCID: PMC9669157 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducing variants in several pancreatic secretory enzymes have been associated with pancreatic disease. Multiple variants in CEL, encoding carboxyl ester lipase, are known to cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY8) but have not been implicated in pancreatic cancer risk. METHODS The prevalence of ER stress-inducing variants in the CEL gene was compared among pancreatic cancer cases vs. controls. Variants were identified by next-generation sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) were assessed for their effect on the secretion of CEL protein and variants with reduced protein secretion were evaluated to determine if they induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. RESULTS ER stress-inducing CEL variants were found in 34 of 986 cases with sporadic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and 21 of 1045 controls (P = 0.055). Most of the variants were either the CEL-HYB1 variant, the I488T variant, or the combined CEL-HYB1/I488T variant; one case had a MODY8 variant. CONCLUSION This case/control analysis finds ER stress-inducing CEL variants are not associated with an increased likelihood of having pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kawamoto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Takeichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Koji Tamura
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohamad Dbouk
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marcia Irene Canto
- Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA; Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Jin He
- Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas J Roberts
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA; Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison P Klein
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA; Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, And the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Goggins
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA; Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA; Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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8
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Kuwatani M, Sakamoto N. Pathological and molecular diagnoses of early cancer with bile and pancreatic juice. Dig Endosc 2022; 34:1340-1355. [PMID: 35543333 DOI: 10.1111/den.14348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The dismal prognosis of pancreaticobiliary malignancies is mainly attributed to the extremely difficult detection of early-stage lesions, including intraepithelial neoplasia. To improve prognosis, several studies on the early detection of cancer have been conducted using bile and pancreatic juices for pathological or molecular analyses. One approach is liquid biopsy that includes information about the tumor, such as circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, microRNAs, and exosomes released by the tumor. Another approach is proteomics/metabolomics that reflects specific conditions in the tumor. These two approaches lead to artificial intelligence-based multiomics analyses that comprises genomics, proteomics/metabolomics, and transcriptomics. Based on the findings of molecular analysis, pathological analysis using immunohistochemical staining/fluorescence in situ hybridization has also been developed. Moreover, there have been reports of new methods/ingenuities for obtaining appropriate samples for the diagnosis of early-stage cancer. Here we review the knowledge on cutting-edge pathological and molecular analyses of bile and pancreatic juices, introduce some ingenuities in sampling and sample processing to promote effective clinical practice, and provide a basis for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kuwatani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
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Xie D, Huang J, Zhang Q, Zhao S, Xue H, Yu QQ, Sun Z, Li J, Yang X, Shao M, Pang D, Jiang P. Comprehensive evaluation of caloric restriction-induced changes in the metabolome profile of mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:41. [PMID: 35761356 PMCID: PMC9235101 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objects Caloric restriction (CR) is known to extend lifespan and exert a protective effect on organs, and is thus a low-cost and easily implemented approach to the health maintenance. However, there have been no studies that have systematically evaluated the metabolic changes that occur in the main tissues affected by CR. This study aimed to explore the target tissues metabolomic profile in CR mice. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to the CR group (n = 7) and control group (n = 7). A non-targeted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry approach and multivariate analysis were used to identify metabolites in the main tissues (serum, heart, liver, kidney, cortex, hippocampus, lung, muscle, and white adipose) in model of CR. Results We identified 10 metabolites in the heart that showed differential abundance between the 2 groups, along with 9 in kidney, 6 in liver, 6 in lung, 6 in white adipose, 4 in hippocampus, 4 in serum, 3 in cortex, and 2 in muscle. The most significantly altered metabolites were amino acids (AAs) (glycine, aspartic acid, l-isoleucine, l-proline, l-aspartic acid, l-serine, l-hydroxyproline, l-alanine, l-valine, l-threonine, l-glutamic acid, and l-phenylalanine) and fatty acids (FAs) (palmitic acid, 1-monopalmitin, glycerol monostearate, docosahexaenoic acid, 16-octadecenoic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, and hexanoic acid). These metabolites were associated with 7 different functional pathways related to the metabolism of AAs, lipids, and energy. Conclusion Our results provide insight into the specific metabolic changes that are induced by CR and can serve as a reference for physiologic studies on how CR improves health and extends lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadi Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Xingtan Road, Tengzhou, 277500, China
| | - Jinxi Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, 277500, China
| | - Shiyuan Zhao
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jiankang Road, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Hongjia Xue
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Qing-Qing Yu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Department of Oncology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Zhuohao Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Xingtan Road, Tengzhou, 277500, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Xingtan Road, Tengzhou, 277500, China
| | - Xiumei Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Xingtan Road, Tengzhou, 277500, China
| | - Minglei Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Xingtan Road, Tengzhou, 277500, China
| | - Deshui Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Xingtan Road, Tengzhou, 277500, China.
| | - Pei Jiang
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jiankang Road, Jining, 272000, China.
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10
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Kahraman S, Dirice E, Basile G, Diegisser D, Alam J, Johansson BB, Gupta MK, Hu J, Huang L, Soh CL, Huangfu D, Muthuswamy SK, Raeder H, Molven A, Kulkarni RN. Abnormal exocrine-endocrine cell cross-talk promotes β-cell dysfunction and loss in MODY8. Nat Metab 2022; 4:76-89. [PMID: 35058633 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MODY8 (maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type 8) is a dominantly inherited monogenic form of diabetes associated with mutations in the carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) gene expressed by pancreatic acinar cells. MODY8 patients develop childhood-onset exocrine pancreas dysfunction followed by diabetes during adulthood. However, it is unclear how CEL mutations cause diabetes. In the present study, we report the transfer of CEL proteins from acinar cells to β-cells as a form of cross-talk between exocrine and endocrine cells. Human β-cells show a relatively higher propensity for internalizing the mutant versus the wild-type CEL protein. After internalization, the mutant protein forms stable intracellular aggregates leading to β-cell secretory dysfunction. Analysis of pancreas sections from a MODY8 patient reveals the presence of CEL protein in the few extant β-cells. The present study provides compelling evidence for the mechanism by which a mutant gene expressed specifically in acinar cells promotes dysfunction and loss of β-cells to cause diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Kahraman
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Diegisser
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Jahedul Alam
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente B Johansson
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ling Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chew-Li Soh
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danwei Huangfu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Senthil K Muthuswamy
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helge Raeder
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Molven
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY): Genetic Causes, Clinical Characteristics, Considerations for Testing, and Treatment Options. ENDOCRINES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines2040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) encompasses a group of rare monogenic forms of diabetes distinct in etiology and clinical presentation from the more common forms of Type 1 (autoimmune) and Type 2 diabetes. Since its initial description as a clinical entity nearly 50 years ago, the underlying genetic basis for the various forms of MODY has been increasingly better elucidated. Clinically, the diagnosis may be made in childhood or young adulthood and can present as overt hyperglycemia requiring insulin therapy or as a subtle form of slowly progressive glucose impairment. Due to the heterogeneity of clinical symptoms, patients with MODY may be misdiagnosed as possessing another form of diabetes, resulting in potentially inappropriate treatment and delays in screening of affected family members and associated comorbidities. In this review, we highlight the various known genetic mutations associated with MODY, clinical presentation, indications for testing, and the treatment options available.
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12
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Meng H, Shang Y, Cheng Y, Wang K, Yu J, Cao P, Fan S, Li Y, Cui J. Knockout of zebrafish colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor by CRISPR/Cas9 affects metabolism and locomotion capacity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 551:93-99. [PMID: 33725575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is a tyrosine kinase receptor and a key regulator of proliferation, differentiation, migration, and colonization in macrophage lineage cells. CSF1R was found to be involved in the pathogenesis of immune disorders, hematopoietic diseases, tissue damage, tumor growth and metastasis, and so on. Hence, understanding the role of CSF1R is important. CSF1R is highly conserved among vertebrates. In zebrafish, it is encoded by the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor a (csf1ra) gene. In this study, a csf1ra-/- zebrafish mutant line was generated using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology. csf1ra-/- larvae lacked the yellow cast on their heads and over their flanks, while adult mutants had poorly formed stripes. RNA-sequence analysis revealed that genes related to bile acid secretion, fat digestion and absorption, and pancreatic secretion were differentially expressed in csf1ra-/- mutants, which led to fatty changes in the liver. In addition, genes related to locomotion were also significantly changed, with the more active movement observed in csf1ra-/- larvae. Our study demonstrated that csf1ra participates in the metabolic process and behavior. This study provides new insights into csf1ra function during zebrafish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Department of Pathology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yue Shang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yajia Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Department of Pathology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Department of Pathology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Department of Pathology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Peipei Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Department of Pathology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Department of Pathology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Jianlin Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Department of Pathology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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13
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Tang S, Xie J, Wu W, Yi B, Liu L, Zhang H. High ammonia exposure regulates lipid metabolism in the pig skeletal muscle via mTOR pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:139917. [PMID: 32563870 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ambient ammonia exposure has been known to perturb lipid metabolism in farm animals, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. The current study was conducted to investigate how ambient ammonia exposure influences lipid metabolism in the pig model. Twelve pigs were randomly divided into two groups, either exposed to 0 or 35 mg/m3 atmospheric ammonia for 25 days. Serum ammonia remained unchanged (p > 0.05), but increased serum urea concentration was found (p < 0.05) after ammonia exposure. Ammonia exposure also caused an increased C18:0, C18:2n6c, C18:3n6, C18:3n3, C20:0, C20:2, C20:3n6, C20:3n3, C22:0 concentrations and fat content in the longissimus dorsi muscle (p < 0.05), and also serum total triglyceride (p = 0.0294) and ApoB (p = 0.0061) contents. Analysis of serum free amino acids profile revealed that concentrations of ornithine, tyrosine, asparagine, histidine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, glutamine and valine were significantly increased in the pigs exposed to 35 mg/m3 ammonia (p < 0.05). RNA-Seq analysis showed that genes encoding enzymes involved in lipid synthesis (FASN, SCD and FADS1) and uptake (LDLR) were up-regulated, whereas genes related to lipolysis (PNPLA4, ANGPTL4 and CEL), transport (CPT1A, CPT1B and CPT2) and β-oxidation (ACADL, ACADVL, UCP2 and UCP3) were down-regulated. Furthermore, exposure to 35 mg/m3 atmospheric ammonia increased expression of mTOR (p = 0.0377) and its downstream P70S6K (p = 0.0139) and p-P70S6K (p = 0.0431), but decreased AMPK (p < 0.0001) and p-AMPK (p = 0.0071) in the longissimus dorsi muscle. In conclusion, high concentration of atmospheric ammonia exposure greatly interferes with amino acid metabolism, resulting in increased BCAAs and aromatic amino acids. The increased BCAAs production can up-regulate lipid synthesis and down-regulate β-oxidation by activating mTOR signaling and inhibiting AMPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Weida Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Bao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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14
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Sarmadi A, Mohammadi A, Tabatabaei F, Nouri Z, Chaleshtori MH, Tabatabaiefar MA. Molecular Genetic Study in a Cohort of Iranian Families Suspected to Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young, Reveals a Recurrent Mutation and a High-Risk Variant in the CEL Gene. Adv Biomed Res 2020; 9:25. [PMID: 33072637 PMCID: PMC7532821 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_18_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders in the body, accompanied with increasing blood sugar levels. Diabetes is classified into three groups: Type 1 DM (T1DM), Type 2 DM (T2DM), and monogenic diabetes. Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a monogenic diabetes that is frequently mistaken for T1D or T2D. The aim of this study was to diagnose MODY and its subtype frequency in a diabetic population in Iran. Materials and Methods In this study among ten diabetic families that were highly suspected to MODY by nongenetic biomarkers and without any pathogenic mutation in GCK and HNF1A genes, two patients from two unrelated families were examined via whole-exome sequencing (WES) in order to detect the causative gene of diabetes. Co-segregation analysis of the identified variant was performed using Sanger sequencing. Results In this study, no pathogenic variant was found in GCK and HNF1A genes (MODY2 and MODY3), while these two types of MODY were introduced as the most frequent in other studies. By using WES, a pathogenic variant (p.I488T) was found in one of the patients in CEL gene causing MODY8 that its frequency is very rare in other studied populations. A high-risk variant associated with diabetes was found in another patient. Conclusion WES was applied in this study to reveal the cause of MODY in 1 family. This pathogenic mutation was previously reported as a disease causing mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Sarmadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Aliasgar Mohammadi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tabatabaei
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Nouri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Hashemzadeh Chaleshtori
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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15
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Dalva M, Lavik IK, El Jellas K, Gravdal A, Lugea A, Pandol SJ, Njølstad PR, Waldron RT, Fjeld K, Johansson BB, Molven A. Pathogenic Carboxyl Ester Lipase (CEL) Variants Interact with the Normal CEL Protein in Pancreatic Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010244. [PMID: 31963687 PMCID: PMC7017060 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the digestive enzyme carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) are linked to pancreatic disease. The CEL variant denoted CEL-HYB predisposes to chronic pancreatitis, whereas the CEL-MODY variant causes MODY8, an inherited disorder of endocrine and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. Both pathogenic variants exhibit altered biochemical and cellular properties compared with the normal CEL protein (CEL-WT, wild type). We here aimed to investigate effects of CEL variants on pancreatic acinar and ductal cell lines. Following extracellular exposure, CEL-HYB, CEL-MODY, and CEL-WT were endocytosed. The two pathogenic CEL proteins significantly reduced cell viability compared with CEL-WT. We also found evidence of CEL uptake in primary human pancreatic acinar cells and in native ductal tissue. Moreover, coexpression of CEL-HYB or CEL-MODY with CEL-WT affected secretion of the latter, as CEL-WT was observed to accumulate intracellularly to a higher degree in the presence of either pathogenic variant. Notably, in coendocytosis experiments, both pathogenic variants displayed a modest effect on cell viability when CEL-WT was present, indicating that the normal protein might diminish toxic effects conferred by CEL-HYB and CEL-MODY. Taken together, our findings provide valuable insight into how the pathogenic CEL variants predispose to pancreatic disease and why these disorders develop slowly over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Dalva
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.D.); (I.K.L.); (K.E.J.); (A.G.); (K.F.); (A.M.)
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ida K. Lavik
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.D.); (I.K.L.); (K.E.J.); (A.G.); (K.F.); (A.M.)
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Khadija El Jellas
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.D.); (I.K.L.); (K.E.J.); (A.G.); (K.F.); (A.M.)
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anny Gravdal
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.D.); (I.K.L.); (K.E.J.); (A.G.); (K.F.); (A.M.)
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Aurelia Lugea
- Pancreatic Research Group, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (A.L.); (S.J.P.); (R.T.W.)
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Pancreatic Research Group, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (A.L.); (S.J.P.); (R.T.W.)
| | - Pål R. Njølstad
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Richard T. Waldron
- Pancreatic Research Group, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (A.L.); (S.J.P.); (R.T.W.)
| | - Karianne Fjeld
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.D.); (I.K.L.); (K.E.J.); (A.G.); (K.F.); (A.M.)
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente B. Johansson
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-55971263
| | - Anders Molven
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.D.); (I.K.L.); (K.E.J.); (A.G.); (K.F.); (A.M.)
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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16
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Abstract
Bile acids have important roles in the regulation of lipid, glucose and energy metabolism. Metabolic diseases linked to obesity, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, are associated with dysregulation of bile acid homeostasis. Here, the basic chemistry and regulation of bile acids as well as their metabolic effects will be reviewed. Changes in circulating bile acids associated with obesity and related diseases will be reviewed. Finally, pharmaceutical manipulation of bile acid homeostasis as therapy for metabolic diseases will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rose McGlone
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen R Bloom
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
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17
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Li N, Zhao X, You S. Identification of key regulators of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using bioinformatics analysis of microarray data. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14074. [PMID: 30633213 PMCID: PMC6336631 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal forms of cancer, and its etiology remains largely unknown. This study aimed to screen a panel of key genes and to identify their potential impact on the molecular pathways associated with the development of PDAC. Four gene expression profiles, GSE28735, GSE15471, GSE102238, and GSE43795, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The intersection of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each dataset was obtained using Venn analysis. Gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) analysis were subsequently carried out. To screen for hub genes, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed.The intersection of the DEGs revealed 7 upregulated and 9 downregulated genes. Upon relaxation of the selection criteria, 58 upregulated and 32 downregulated DEGs were identified. The top 5 biological processes identified by GO analysis involved peptide cross-linking, extracellular matrix (ECM) disassembly, regulation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway, mesoderm morphogenesis, and lipid digestion. The results of KEGG analysis revealed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways involved in protein digestion and absorption, ECM-receptor interaction, pancreatic secretion, and fat digestion and absorption. The top ten hub genes were identified based on the PPI network.In conclusion, the identified hub genes may contribute to the elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms of PDAC and serve as promising candidates that can be utilized for the early diagnosis and prognostic prediction of PDAC. However, further experimental validation is required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
| | - Xin Zhao
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengyi You
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
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18
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Abstract
In addition to the common types of diabetes mellitus, two major monogenic diabetes forms exist. Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) represents a heterogenous group of monogenic, autosomal dominant diseases. MODY accounts for 1-2% of all diabetes cases, and it is not just underdiagnosed but often misdiagnosed to type 1 or type 2 diabetes. More than a dozen MODY genes have been identified to date, and their molecular classification is of great importance in the correct treatment decision and in the judgment of the prognosis. The most prevalent subtypes are HNF1A, GCK, and HNF4A. Genetic testing for MODY has changed recently due to the technological advancements, as contrary to the sequential testing performed in the past, nowadays all MODY genes can be tested simultaneously by next-generation sequencing. The other major group of monogenic diabetes is neonatal diabetes mellitus which can be transient or permanent, and often the diabetes is a part of a syndrome. It is a severe monogenic disease appearing in the first 6 months of life. The hyperglycemia usually requires insulin. There are two forms, permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) and transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM). In TNDM, the diabetes usually reverts within several months but might relapse later in life. The incidence of NDM is 1:100,000-1:400,000 live births, and PNDM accounts for half of the cases. Most commonly, neonatal diabetes is caused by mutations in KCNJ11 and ABCC8 genes encoding the ATP-dependent potassium channel of the β cell. Neonatal diabetes has experienced a quick and successful transition into the clinical practice since the discovery of the molecular background. In case of both genetic diabetes groups, recent guidelines recommend genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Gaál
- 4th Department of Medicine, Jósa András Teaching Hospital, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - István Balogh
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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19
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Wolters-Eisfeld G, Mercanoglu B, Hofmann BT, Wolpers T, Schnabel C, Harder S, Steffen P, Bachmann K, Steglich B, Schrader J, Gagliani N, Schlüter H, Güngör C, Izbicki JR, Wagener C, Bockhorn M. Loss of complex O-glycosylation impairs exocrine pancreatic function and induces MODY8-like diabetes in mice. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-13. [PMID: 30305605 PMCID: PMC6180059 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cosmc is ubiquitously expressed and acts as a specific molecular chaperone assisting the folding and stability of core 1 synthase. Thus, it plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of O-linked glycosylation of proteins. Here, we show that ablation of Cosmc in the exocrine pancreas of mice causes expression of truncated O-glycans (Tn antigen), resulting in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency with decreased activities of digestive enzymes and diabetes. To understand the molecular causes of the pleiotropic phenotype, we used Vicia villosa agglutinin to enrich Tn antigen-modified proteins from Cosmc-KO pancreatic lysates and performed a proteomic analysis. Interestingly, a variety of proteins were identified, of which bile salt-activated lipase (also denoted carboxyl-ester lipase, Cel) was the most abundant. In humans, frameshift mutations in CEL cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 8 (MODY8), a monogenic syndrome of diabetes and pancreatic exocrine dysfunction. Here, we provide data suggesting that differentially O-glycosylated Cel could negatively affect beta cell function. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the importance of correct O-glycan formation for normal exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function, implying that aberrant O-glycans might be relevant for pathogenic mechanisms of the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Wolters-Eisfeld
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Baris Mercanoglu
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bianca T Hofmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wolpers
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Schnabel
- Metabolic Laboratory and Newborn Screening, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Harder
- Mass Spectrometric Proteomics-Institute for Clinical Chemistry & Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Steffen
- Mass Spectrometric Proteomics-Institute for Clinical Chemistry & Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Bachmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Babett Steglich
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Schrader
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Mass Spectrometric Proteomics-Institute for Clinical Chemistry & Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cenap Güngör
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Wagener
- Center for Diagnostics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bockhorn
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Lombardo D, Silvy F, Crenon I, Martinez E, Collignon A, Beraud E, Mas E. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, chronic pancreatitis, and MODY-8 diabetes: is bile salt-dependent lipase (or carboxyl ester lipase) at the crossroads of pancreatic pathologies? Oncotarget 2018; 9:12513-12533. [PMID: 29552330 PMCID: PMC5844766 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinomas and diabetes mellitus are responsible for the deaths of around two million people each year worldwide. Patients with chronic pancreatitis do not die directly of this disease, except where the pathology is hereditary. Much current literature supports the involvement of bile salt-dependent lipase (BSDL), also known as carboxyl ester lipase (CEL), in the pathophysiology of these pancreatic diseases. The purpose of this review is to shed light on connections between chronic pancreatitis, diabetes, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas by gaining an insight into BSDL and its variants. This enzyme is normally secreted by the exocrine pancreas, and is diverted within the intestinal lumen to participate in the hydrolysis of dietary lipids. However, BSDL is also expressed by other cells and tissues, where it participates in lipid homeostasis. Variants of BSDL resulting from germline and/or somatic mutations (nucleotide insertion/deletion or nonallelic homologous recombination) are expressed in the pancreas of patients with pancreatic pathologies such as chronic pancreatitis, MODY-8, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. We discuss the possible link between the expression of BSDL variants and these dramatic pancreatic pathologies, putting forward the suggestion that BSDL and its variants are implicated in the cell lipid metabolism/reprogramming that leads to the dyslipidemia observed in chronic pancreatitis, MODY-8, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. We also propose potential strategies for translation to therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Lombardo
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Silvy
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Crenon
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Martinez
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Collignon
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Evelyne Beraud
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Mas
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
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21
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Johansson BB, Fjeld K, El Jellas K, Gravdal A, Dalva M, Tjora E, Ræder H, Kulkarni RN, Johansson S, Njølstad PR, Molven A. The role of the carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) gene in pancreatic disease. Pancreatology 2018; 18:12-19. [PMID: 29233499 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme carboxyl ester lipase (CEL), also known as bile salt-dependent or -stimulated lipase (BSDL, BSSL), hydrolyzes dietary fat, cholesteryl esters and fat-soluble vitamins in the duodenum. CEL is mainly expressed in pancreatic acinar cells and lactating mammary glands. The human CEL gene resides on chromosome 9q34.3 and contains a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) region that encodes a mucin-like protein tail. Although the number of normal repeats does not appear to significantly influence the risk for pancreatic disease, single-base pair deletions in the first VNTR repeat cause a syndrome of endocrine and exocrine dysfunction denoted MODY8. Hallmarks are low fecal elastase levels and pancreatic lipomatosis manifesting before the age of twenty, followed by development of diabetes and pancreatic cysts later in life. The mutant protein forms intracellular and extracellular aggregates, suggesting that MODY8 is a protein misfolding disease. Recently, a recombined allele between CEL and its pseudogene CELP was discovered. This allele (CEL-HYB) encodes a chimeric protein with impaired secretion increasing five-fold the risk for chronic pancreatitis. The CEL gene has proven to be exceptionally polymorphic due to copy number variants of the CEL-CELP locus and alterations involving the VNTR. Genome-wide association studies or deep sequencing cannot easily pick up this wealth of genetic variation. CEL is therefore an attractive candidate gene for further exploration of links to pancreatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente B Johansson
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karianne Fjeld
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Khadija El Jellas
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anny Gravdal
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Monica Dalva
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erling Tjora
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helge Ræder
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan Johansson
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Molven
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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22
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Firdous P, Nissar K, Ali S, Ganai BA, Shabir U, Hassan T, Masoodi SR. Genetic Testing of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young Current Status and Future Perspectives. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:253. [PMID: 29867778 PMCID: PMC5966560 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a global epidemic problem growing exponentially in Asian countries posing a serious threat. Among diabetes, maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a heterogeneous group of monogenic disorders that occurs due to β cell dysfunction. Genetic defects in the pancreatic β-cells result in the decrease of insulin production required for glucose utilization thereby lead to early-onset diabetes (often <25 years). It is generally considered as non-insulin dependent form of diabetes and comprises of 1-5% of total diabetes. Till date, 14 genes have been identified and mutation in them may lead to MODY. Different genetic testing methodologies like linkage analysis, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and DNA sequencing are used for the accurate and correct investigation of gene mutations associated with MODY. The next-generation sequencing has emerged as one of the most promising and effective tools to identify novel mutated genes related to MODY. Diagnosis of MODY is mainly relying on the sequential screening of the three marker genes like hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (HNF1α), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α), and glucokinase (GCK). Interestingly, MODY patients can be managed by diet alone for many years and may also require minimal doses of sulfonylureas. The primary objective of this article is to provide a review on current status of MODY, its prevalence, genetic testing/diagnosis, possible treatment, and future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveena Firdous
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Kamran Nissar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Sajad Ali
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Bashir Ahmad Ganai
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
- *Correspondence: Bashir Ahmad Ganai,
| | - Uzma Shabir
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Toyeeba Hassan
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Shariq Rashid Masoodi
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
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23
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Chénard T, Guénard F, Vohl MC, Carpentier A, Tchernof A, Najmanovich RJ. Remodeling adipose tissue through in silico modulation of fat storage for the prevention of type 2 diabetes. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017; 11:60. [PMID: 28606124 PMCID: PMC5468946 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-017-0438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is one of the leading non-infectious diseases worldwide and closely relates to excess adipose tissue accumulation as seen in obesity. Specifically, hypertrophic expansion of adipose tissues is related to increased cardiometabolic risk leading to type 2 diabetes. Studying mechanisms underlying adipocyte hypertrophy could lead to the identification of potential targets for the treatment of these conditions. RESULTS We present iTC1390adip, a highly curated metabolic network of the human adipocyte presenting various improvements over the previously published iAdipocytes1809. iTC1390adip contains 1390 genes, 4519 reactions and 3664 metabolites. We validated the network obtaining 92.6% accuracy by comparing experimental gene essentiality in various cell lines to our predictions of biomass production. Using flux balance analysis under various test conditions, we predict the effect of gene deletion on both lipid droplet and biomass production, resulting in the identification of 27 genes that could reduce adipocyte hypertrophy. We also used expression data from visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues to compare the effect of single gene deletions between adipocytes from each compartment. CONCLUSIONS We generated a highly curated metabolic network of the human adipose tissue and used it to identify potential targets for adipose tissue metabolic dysfunction leading to the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Chénard
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guénard
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada.,School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - André Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Rafael J Najmanovich
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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24
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Martinez E, Crenon I, Silvy F, Del Grande J, Mougel A, Barea D, Fina F, Bernard JP, Ouaissi M, Lombardo D, Mas E. Expression of truncated bile salt-dependent lipase variant in pancreatic pre-neoplastic lesions. Oncotarget 2017; 8:536-551. [PMID: 27602750 PMCID: PMC5352176 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a dismal disease. The lack of specific symptoms still leads to a delay in diagnosis followed by death within months for most patients. Exon 11 of the bile salt-dependent lipase (BSDL) gene encoding variable number of tandem repeated (VNTR) sequences has been involved in pancreatic pathologies. We hypothesized that BSDL VNTR sequences may be mutated in PDAC. The amplification of BSDL VNTR from RNA extracted from pancreatic SOJ-6 cells allowed us to identify a BSDL amplicon in which a cytosine residue is inserted in a VNTR sequence. This insertion gives rise to a premature stop codon, resulting in a truncated protein and to a modification of the C-terminal amino-acid sequence; that is PRAAHG instead of PAVIRF. We produced antibodies directed against these sequences and examined pancreatic tissues from patients with PDAC and PanIN. Albeit all tissues were positive to anti-PAVIRF antibodies, 72.2% of patient tissues gave positive reaction with anti-PRAAHG antibodies, particularly in dysplastic areas of the tumor. Neoplastic cells with ductal differentiation were not reactive to anti-PRAAHG antibodies. Some 70% of PanIN tissues were also reactive to anti-PRAAHG antibodies, suggesting that the C insertion occurs early during pancreatic carcinogenesis. Data suggest that anti-PRAAHG antibodies were uniquely reactive with a short isoform of BSDL specifically expressed in pre-neoplastic lesions of the pancreas. The detection of truncated BSDL reactive to antibodies against the PRAAHG C-terminal sequence in pancreatic juice or in pancreatic biopsies may be a new tool in the early diagnosis of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Martinez
- Aix-Marseille Université, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 911, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Crenon
- Aix-Marseille Université, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 911, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Silvy
- Aix-Marseille Université, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 911, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Del Grande
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomopathologie, Marseille, France
| | - Alice Mougel
- Aix-Marseille Université, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 911, Marseille, France
| | - Dolores Barea
- Aix-Marseille Université, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 911, Marseille, France
| | - Frederic Fina
- Aix-Marseille Université, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 911, Marseille, France
- LBM- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Service de transfert d'Oncologie Biologique, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Bernard
- Aix-Marseille Université, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 911, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, Service de Gastroentérologie 2, Marseille, France
| | - Mehdi Ouaissi
- Aix-Marseille Université, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 911, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Viscérale, Marseille, France
| | - Dominique Lombardo
- Aix-Marseille Université, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 911, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Mas
- Aix-Marseille Université, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 911, Marseille, France
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25
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Li K, Olsen RE. Metabolism of sn-1(3)-Monoacylglycerol and sn-2-Monoacylglycerol in Caecal Enterocytes and Hepatocytes of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta). Lipids 2016; 52:61-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Zhang T, Watson DG, Zhang R, Hou R, Loeffler IK, Kennedy MW. Changeover from signalling to energy-provisioning lipids during transition from colostrum to mature milk in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Sci Rep 2016; 6:36141. [PMID: 27808224 PMCID: PMC5093549 DOI: 10.1038/srep36141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the large placental mammals, ursids give birth to the most altricial neonates with the lowest neonatal:maternal body mass ratios. This is particularly exemplified by giant pandas. To examine whether there is compensation for the provision of developmentally important nutrients that other species groups may provide in utero, we examined changes in the lipids of colostrum and milk with time after birth in giant pandas. Lipids that are developmental signals or signal precursors, and those that are fundamental to nervous system construction, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and phosphatidylserines, appear early and then fall dramatically in concentration to a baseline at 20–30 days. The dynamics of lysophosphatidic acid and eicosanoids display similar patterns, but with progressive differences between mothers. Triglycerides occur at relatively low levels initially and increase in concentration until a plateau is reached at about 30 days. These patterns indicate an early provision of signalling lipids and their precursors, particularly lipids crucial to brain, retinal and central nervous system development, followed by a changeover to lipids for energy metabolism. Thus, in giant pandas, and possibly in all bears, lactation is adapted to provisioning a highly altricial neonate to a degree that suggests equivalence to an extension of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - David G Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Rong Zhang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China
| | - Rong Hou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Northern Suburb, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610081, P.R. China
| | - I Kati Loeffler
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Northern Suburb, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610081, P.R. China
| | - Malcolm W Kennedy
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, and Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
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27
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Fjeld K, Beer S, Johnstone M, Zimmer C, Mössner J, Ruffert C, Krehan M, Zapf C, Njølstad PR, Johansson S, Bugert P, Miyajima F, Liloglou T, Brown LJ, Winn SA, Davies K, Latawiec D, Gunson BK, Criddle DN, Pirmohamed M, Grützmann R, Michl P, Greenhalf W, Molven A, Sutton R, Rosendahl J. Length of Variable Numbers of Tandem Repeats in the Carboxyl Ester Lipase (CEL) Gene May Confer Susceptibility to Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis but Not Alcoholic Chronic Pancreatitis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165567. [PMID: 27802312 PMCID: PMC5089759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carboxyl-ester lipase (CEL) contributes to fatty acid ethyl ester metabolism, which is implicated in alcoholic pancreatitis. The CEL gene harbours a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) region in exon 11. Variation in this VNTR has been linked to monogenic pancreatic disease, while conflicting results were reported for chronic pancreatitis (CP). Here, we aimed to investigate a potential association of CEL VNTR lengths with alcoholic CP. METHODS Overall, 395 alcoholic CP patients, 218 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) serving as controls with a comparable amount of alcohol consumed, and 327 healthy controls from Germany and the United Kingdom (UK) were analysed by determination of fragment lengths by capillary electrophoresis. Allele frequencies and genotypes of different VNTR categories were compared between the groups. RESULTS Twelve repeats were overrepresented in UK ACP patients (P = 0.04) compared to controls, whereas twelve repeats were enriched in German ALC compared to alcoholic CP patients (P = 0.03). Frequencies of CEL VNTR lengths of 14 and 15 repeats differed between German ALC patients and healthy controls (P = 0.03 and 0.008, respectively). However, in the genotype and pooled analysis of VNTR lengths no statistical significant association was depicted. Additionally, the 16-16 genotype as well as 16 repeats were more frequent in UK ALC than in alcoholic CP patients (P = 0.034 and 0.02, respectively). In all other calculations, including pooled German and UK data, allele frequencies and genotype distributions did not differ significantly between patients and controls or between alcoholic CP and ALC. CONCLUSIONS We did not obtain evidence that CEL VNTR lengths are associated with alcoholic CP. However, our results suggest that CEL VNTR lengths might associate with ALC, a finding that needs to be clarified in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karianne Fjeld
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sebastian Beer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marianne Johnstone
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Constantin Zimmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Mössner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Ruffert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Mario Krehan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Zapf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pål Rasmus Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefan Johansson
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter Bugert
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service of Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fabio Miyajima
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Triantafillos Liloglou
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Laura J. Brown
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Simon A. Winn
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly Davies
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Diane Latawiec
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Bridget K. Gunson
- NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David N. Criddle
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Michl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - William Greenhalf
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Anders Molven
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Robert Sutton
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Rosendahl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
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28
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Dalva M, El Jellas K, Steine SJ, Johansson BB, Ringdal M, Torsvik J, Immervoll H, Hoem D, Laemmerhirt F, Simon P, Lerch MM, Johansson S, Njølstad PR, Weiss FU, Fjeld K, Molven A. Copy number variants and VNTR length polymorphisms of the carboxyl-ester lipase (CEL) gene as risk factors in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2016; 17:83-88. [PMID: 27773618 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES We have recently described copy number variants (CNVs) of the human carboxyl-ester lipase (CEL) gene, including a recombined deletion allele (CEL-HYB) that is a genetic risk factor for chronic pancreatitis. Associations with pancreatic disease have also been reported for the variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) region located in CEL exon 11. Here, we examined if CEL CNVs and VNTR length polymorphisms affect the risk for developing pancreatic cancer. METHODS CEL CNVs and VNTR were genotyped in a German family with non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, in 265 German and 197 Norwegian patients diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and in 882 controls. CNV screening was performed using PCR assays followed by agarose gel electrophoresis whereas VNTR lengths were determined by DNA fragment analysis. RESULTS The investigated family was CEL-HYB-positive. However, an association of CEL-HYB or a duplication CEL allele with pancreatic cancer was not seen in our two patient cohorts. The frequency of the 23-repeat VNTR allele was borderline significant in Norwegian cases compared to controls (1.2% vs. 0.3%; P = 0.05). For all other VNTR lengths, no statistically significant difference in frequency was observed. Moreover, no association with pancreatic cancer was detected when CEL VNTR lengths were pooled into groups of short, normal or long alleles. CONCLUSIONS We could not demonstrate an association between CEL CNVs and pancreatic cancer. An association is also unlikely for CEL VNTR lengths, although analyses in larger materials are necessary to completely exclude an effect of rare VNTR alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Dalva
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Khadija El Jellas
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Solrun J Steine
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente B Johansson
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Monika Ringdal
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Janniche Torsvik
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Heike Immervoll
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dag Hoem
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Felix Laemmerhirt
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Simon
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Johansson
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank U Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karianne Fjeld
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Anders Molven
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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29
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Molven A, Fjeld K, Lowe ME. Lipase Genetic Variants in Chronic Pancreatitis: When the End Is Wrong, All's Not Well. Gastroenterology 2016; 150:1515-1518. [PMID: 27133394 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Molven
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Karianne Fjeld
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mark E Lowe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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30
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Griffiths K, Hou R, Wang H, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Zhang T, Watson DG, Burchmore RJS, Loeffler IK, Kennedy MW. Prolonged transition time between colostrum and mature milk in a bear, the giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2015; 2:150395. [PMID: 26587250 PMCID: PMC4632522 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bears produce the most altricial neonates of any placental mammal. We hypothesized that the transition from colostrum to mature milk in bears reflects a temporal and biochemical adaptation for altricial development and immune protection. Comparison of bear milks with milks of other eutherians yielded distinctive protein profiles. Proteomic and metabolomic analysis of serial milk samples collected from six giant pandas showed a prolonged transition from colostrum to main-phase lactation over approximately 30 days. Particularly striking are the persistence or sequential appearance of adaptive and innate immune factors. The endurance of immunoglobulin G suggests an unusual duration of trans-intestinal absorption of maternal antibodies, and is potentially relevant to the underdeveloped lymphoid system of giant panda neonates. Levels of certain milk oligosaccharides known to exert anti-microbial activities and/or that are conducive to the development of neonatal gut microbiomes underwent an almost complete changeover around days 20-30 postpartum, coincident with the maturation of the protein profile. A potential metabolic marker of starvation was detected, the prominence of which may reflect the natural postpartum period of anorexia in giant panda mothers. Early lactation in giant pandas, and possibly in other ursids, appears to be adapted for the unique requirements of unusually altricial eutherian neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Griffiths
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Graham err Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Rong Hou
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Northern Suburb, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hairui Wang
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Northern Suburb, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihe Zhang
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Northern Suburb, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Northern Suburb, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - David G. Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Richard J. S. Burchmore
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Glasgow, G12 1QH, UK
| | - I. Kati Loeffler
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Northern Suburb, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Malcolm W. Kennedy
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Graham err Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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31
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Criddle DN. The role of fat and alcohol in acute pancreatitis: A dangerous liaison. Pancreatology 2015; 15:S6-S12. [PMID: 25845855 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is a major trigger for severe acute pancreatitis which may lead to multi-organ dysfunction and premature death of the individual. Hyperlipidaemia is a risk factor for both acute and chronic pancreatitis and the role of fatty acids in mediating damage has received increasing attention in recent years. In the pancreas ethanol is metabolised by both oxidative and non-oxidative pathways. The latter, predominant route generates fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) from fatty acid substrates via the action of diverse enzymes called FAEE synthases, including carboxylester lipase an enzyme synthesized and secreted by the acinar cells. Inhibition of the oxidative pathway promotes formation of FAEEs which induce sustained elevations of cytosolic calcium leading to inhibition of mitochondrial function, loss of ATP and necrosis of isolated pancreatic acinar cells. Furthermore, FAEEs undergo hydrolysis in the mitochondria releasing free fatty acids that exert toxic effects. Our recent work has shown that pharmacological inhibition of carboxylester lipase ameliorated detrimental effects of non-oxidative ethanol metabolism in isolated pancreatic acinar cells in vitro and in a new in vivo experimental model of alcoholic acute pancreatitis, revealing a specific enzyme target for ethanol-induced injury. Strategies that prevent FAEE synthesis, protect mitochondria, reduce calcium overload or sustain calcium homeostasis by ATP provision may provide promising therapeutic avenues for the treatment of alcoholic acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Criddle
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology & NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK.
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32
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Fjeld K, Weiss FU, Lasher D, Rosendahl J, Chen JM, Johansson BB, Kirsten H, Ruffert C, Masson E, Steine SJ, Bugert P, Cnop M, Grützmann R, Mayerle J, Mössner J, Ringdal M, Schulz HU, Sendler M, Simon P, Sztromwasser P, Torsvik J, Scholz M, Tjora E, Férec C, Witt H, Lerch MM, Njølstad PR, Johansson S, Molven A. A recombined allele of the lipase gene CEL and its pseudogene CELP confers susceptibility to chronic pancreatitis. Nat Genet 2015; 47:518-522. [PMID: 25774637 PMCID: PMC5321495 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carboxyl-ester lipase is a digestive pancreatic enzyme encoded by the highly polymorphic CEL gene1. Mutations in CEL cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) with pancreatic exocrine dysfunction2. Here we identified a hybrid allele (CEL-HYB), originating from a crossover between CEL and its neighboring pseudogene CELP. In a discovery cohort of familial chronic pancreatitis cases, the carrier frequency of CEL-HYB was 14.1% (10/71) compared with 1.0% (5/478) in controls (odds ratio [OR] = 15.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.1-46.9, P = 1.3 × 10−6). Three replication studies in non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis cohorts identified CEL-HYB in a total of 3.7% (42/1,122) cases and 0.7% (30/4,152) controls (OR = 5.2, 95% CI = 3.2-8.5, P = 1.2 × 10−11; formal meta-analysis). The allele was also enriched in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. Expression of CEL-HYB in cellular models revealed reduced lipolytic activity, impaired secretion, prominent intracellular accumulation and induced autophagy. The hybrid variant of CEL is the first chronic pancreatitis gene identified outside the protease/antiprotease system of pancreatic acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karianne Fjeld
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Denise Lasher
- Pediatric Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany.,Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin (EKFZ), Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Jonas Rosendahl
- Department for Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jian-Min Chen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1078, Brest, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Bretagne, Brest, France.,Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Bente B Johansson
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Holger Kirsten
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Ruffert
- Department for Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Endocrinology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Masson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1078, Brest, France.,Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et d'Histocompatibilité, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Brest, France
| | - Solrun J Steine
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter Bugert
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service of Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Joachim Mössner
- Department for Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Monika Ringdal
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans-Ulrich Schulz
- Department of Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Sendler
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Simon
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Paweł Sztromwasser
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Janniche Torsvik
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Markus Scholz
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erling Tjora
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Claude Férec
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1078, Brest, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Bretagne, Brest, France.,Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France.,Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et d'Histocompatibilité, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Brest, France
| | - Heiko Witt
- Pediatric Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany.,Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin (EKFZ), Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefan Johansson
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Molven
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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33
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Wang Y, Sheng Z, Wang Y, Li Q, Gao Y, Wang Y, Dai Y, Liu G, Zhao Y, Li N. Transgenic Mouse Milk Expressing Human Bile Salt-Stimulated Lipase Improves the Survival and Growth Status of Premature Mice. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 57:287-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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34
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Huang W, Booth DM, Cane MC, Chvanov M, Javed MA, Elliott VL, Armstrong JA, Dingsdale H, Cash N, Li Y, Greenhalf W, Mukherjee R, Kaphalia BS, Jaffar M, Petersen OH, Tepikin AV, Sutton R, Criddle DN. Fatty acid ethyl ester synthase inhibition ameliorates ethanol-induced Ca2+-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and acute pancreatitis. Gut 2014; 63:1313-24. [PMID: 24162590 PMCID: PMC4112447 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-304058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-oxidative metabolism of ethanol (NOME) produces fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) via carboxylester lipase (CEL) and other enzyme action implicated in mitochondrial injury and acute pancreatitis (AP). This study investigated the relative importance of oxidative and non-oxidative pathways in mitochondrial dysfunction, pancreatic damage and development of alcoholic AP, and whether deleterious effects of NOME are preventable. DESIGN Intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](C)), NAD(P)H, mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of apoptotic and necrotic cell death pathways were examined in isolated pancreatic acinar cells in response to ethanol and/or palmitoleic acid (POA) in the presence or absence of 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP) to inhibit oxidative metabolism. A novel in vivo model of alcoholic AP induced by intraperitoneal administration of ethanol and POA was developed to assess the effects of manipulating alcohol metabolism. RESULTS Inhibition of OME with 4-MP converted predominantly transient [Ca(2+)](C) rises induced by low ethanol/POA combination to sustained elevations, with concurrent mitochondrial depolarisation, fall of NAD(P)H and cellular necrosis in vitro. All effects were prevented by 3-benzyl-6-chloro-2-pyrone (3-BCP), a CEL inhibitor. 3-BCP also significantly inhibited rises of pancreatic FAEE in vivo and ameliorated acute pancreatic damage and inflammation induced by administration of ethanol and POA to mice. CONCLUSIONS A combination of low ethanol and fatty acid that did not exert deleterious effects per se became toxic when oxidative metabolism was inhibited. The in vitro and in vivo damage was markedly inhibited by blockade of CEL, indicating the potential for development of specific therapy for treatment of alcoholic AP via inhibition of FAEE generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK,NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK,Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - David M Booth
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Matthew C Cane
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Michael Chvanov
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK,NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Muhammad A Javed
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK,NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Victoria L Elliott
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Jane A Armstrong
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Hayley Dingsdale
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Nicole Cash
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Yan Li
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - William Greenhalf
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Rajarshi Mukherjee
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK,NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Bhupendra S Kaphalia
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Ole H Petersen
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alexei V Tepikin
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Robert Sutton
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - David N Criddle
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK,NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
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35
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Ræder H, McAllister FE, Tjora E, Bhatt S, Haldorsen I, Hu J, Willems SM, Vesterhus M, El Ouaamari A, Liu M, Ræder MB, Immervoll H, Hoem D, Dimcevski G, Njølstad PR, Molven A, Gygi SP, Kulkarni RN. Carboxyl-ester lipase maturity-onset diabetes of the young is associated with development of pancreatic cysts and upregulated MAPK signaling in secretin-stimulated duodenal fluid. Diabetes 2014; 63:259-69. [PMID: 24062244 PMCID: PMC3868055 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carboxyl-ester lipase (CEL) maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a monogenic form of diabetes and pancreatic exocrine dysfunction due to mutations in the CEL gene encoding CEL. The pathogenic mechanism for diabetes development is unknown. Since CEL is expressed mainly in pancreatic acinar cells, we asked whether we could find structural pancreatic changes in CEL-MODY subjects during the course of diabetes development. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the diseased pancreas releases proteins that are detectable in pancreatic fluid and potentially reflect activation or inactivation of disease-specific pathways. We therefore investigated nondiabetic and diabetic CEL-mutation carriers by pancreatic imaging studies and secretin-stimulated duodenal juice sampling. The secretin-stimulated duodenal juice was studied using cytokine assays, mass spectrometry (MS) proteomics, and multiplexed MS-based measurement of kinase activities. We identified multiple pancreatic cysts in all eight diabetic mutation carriers but not in any of the four nondiabetic mutation carriers or the six healthy controls. Furthermore, we identified upregulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) target proteins and MAPK-driven cytokines and increased MAPK activity in the secretin-stimulated duodenal juice. These findings show that subjects with CEL-MODY develop multiple pancreatic cysts by the time they develop diabetes and that upregulated MAPK signaling in the pancreatic secretome may reflect the pathophysiological development of pancreatic cysts and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge Ræder
- Section of Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Corresponding author: Helge Ræder,
| | | | - Erling Tjora
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shweta Bhatt
- Section of Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ingfrid Haldorsen
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Section for Radiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jiang Hu
- Section of Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Mette Vesterhus
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Abdelfattah El Ouaamari
- Section of Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Manway Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Maria B. Ræder
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Heike Immervoll
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Ålesund Hospital, Ålesund, Norway
| | - Dag Hoem
- Department of Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Georg Dimcevski
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål R. Njølstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Molven
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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John S, Thangapandian S, Lazar P, Son M, Park C, Lee KW. New insights in the activation of human cholesterol esterase to design potent anti-cholesterol drugs. Mol Divers 2013; 18:119-31. [PMID: 24173651 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-013-9464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Primary hypercholesterolemia is the root cause for major health issues like coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. Regulating plasma cholesterol level, which is the product of biosynthesis as well as dietary intake, has become one of the major therapeutic strategies to effectively control these diseases. Human cholesterol esterase (hCEase) is an interesting target involved in the regulation of plasma cholesterol level and thus inhibition of this enzyme is highly effective in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. This study was designed to understand the activation mechanism that enables the enzyme to accommodate long chain fatty acids and to identify the structural elements for the successful catalysis. Primarily the activation efficiencies of three different bile salts were studied and compared using molecular dynamics simulations. Based on the conformations of major surface loops, hydrogen bond interactions, and distance analyses, taurocholate was concluded as the preferred activator of the enzyme. Furthermore, the importance of two bile salt binding sites (proximal and remote) and the crucial role of 7α-OH group of the bile salts in the activation of hCEase was examined and evidenced. The results of our study explain the structural insights of the activation mechanism and show the key features of the bile salts responsible for the enzyme activation which are very useful in hypolipidemic drug designing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini John
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Gazwa-dong, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
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Georgi G, Bartke N, Wiens F, Stahl B. Functional glycans and glycoconjugates in human milk. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:578S-85S. [PMID: 23783293 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.039065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk contains complex carbohydrates that are important dietary factors with multiple functions during early life. Several aspects of these glycostructures are human specific; some aspects vary between lactating women, and some change during the course of lactation. This review outlines how variability of complex glycostructures present in human milk is linked to changing infants' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Georgi
- Danone Research–Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Friedrichsdorf, Germany
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38
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Transport and biological activities of bile acids. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1389-98. [PMID: 23603607 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids have emerged as important biological molecules that support the solubilization of various lipids and lipid-soluble compounds in the gut, and the regulation of gene expression and cellular function. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and eventually released into the small intestine. The majority of bile acids are recovered in the distal end of the small intestine and then returned to the liver for reuse. The components of the mechanism responsible for the recycling of bile acids within the enterohepatic circulation have been identified whereas the mechanism for intracellular transport is less understood. Recently, the ileal lipid binding protein (ILBP; human gene symbol FABP6) was shown to be needed for the efficient transport of bile acids from the apical side to the basolateral side of enterocytes in the distal intestine. This review presents an overview of the transport of bile acids between the liver and the gut as well as within hepatocytes and enterocytes. A variety of pathologies is associated with the malfunction of the bile acid transport system.
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Teo AKK, Windmueller R, Johansson BB, Dirice E, Njolstad PR, Tjora E, Raeder H, Kulkarni RN. Derivation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with maturity onset diabetes of the young. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:5353-6. [PMID: 23306198 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c112.428979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is an autosomal dominant disease. Despite extensive research, the mechanism by which a mutant MODY gene results in monogenic diabetes is not yet clear due to the inaccessibility of patient samples. Induced pluripotency and directed differentiation toward the pancreatic lineage are now viable and attractive methods to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying MODY. Here we report, for the first time, the derivation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from patients with five types of MODY: MODY1 (HNF4A), MODY2 (GCK), MODY3 (HNF1A), MODY5 (HNF1B), and MODY8 (CEL) with a polycistronic lentiviral vector expressing a Cre-excisable human "stem cell cassette" containing the four reprogramming factors OCT4, KLF4, SOX2, and CMYC. These MODY-hiPSCs morphologically resemble human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), express pluripotency markers OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, SSEA-4, and TRA-1-60, give rise to derivatives of the three germ layers in a teratoma assay, and are karyotypically normal. Overall, our MODY-hiPSCs serve as invaluable tools to dissect the role of MODY genes in the development of pancreas and islet cells and to evaluate their significance in regulating beta cell function. This knowledge will aid future attempts aimed at deriving functional mature beta cells from hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian K K Teo
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Ragvin A, Fjeld K, Weiss FU, Torsvik J, Aghdassi A, Mayerle J, Simon P, Njølstad PR, Lerch MM, Johansson S, Molven A. The number of tandem repeats in the carboxyl-ester lipase (CEL) gene as a risk factor in alcoholic and idiopathic chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2012; 13:29-32. [PMID: 23395566 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2012.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in the last exon of the carboxyl-ester lipase (CEL) gene has been reported to associate with alcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis (ACP) in a Japanese study. Here, we have investigated the association between the number of CEL VNTR repeats and ACP or idiopathic chronic pancreatitis (ICP) in a cohort of German patients. METHODS Patients diagnosed with ACP (n = 203) or ICP (n = 64) were genotyped using a screening method consisting of PCR followed by DNA fragment analysis. The allele frequencies of different CEL VNTR lengths were compared to the frequencies in healthy controls (n = 390). RESULTS We observed no statistical significant associations between CEL VNTR allele frequencies and ACP or ICP. CONCLUSION This study did not find evidence that supported an association between the common length variations of the CEL VNTR and chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Ragvin
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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John S, Thangapandian S, Lee KW. Potential human cholesterol esterase inhibitor design: benefits from the molecular dynamics simulations and pharmacophore modeling studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2012; 29:921-36. [PMID: 22292952 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2012.10507419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Human pancreatic cholesterol esterase (hCEase) is one of the lipases found to involve in the digestion of large and broad spectrum of substrates including triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesteryl esters, etc. The presence of bile salts is found to be very important for the activation of hCEase. Molecular dynamic simulations were performed for the apoform and bile salt complexed form of hCEase using the co-ordinates of two bile salts from bovine CEase. The stability of the systems throughout the simulation time was checked and two representative structures from the highly populated regions were selected using cluster analysis. These two representative structures were used in pharmacophore model generation. The generated pharmacophore models were validated and used in database screening. The screened hits were refined for their drug-like properties based on Lipinski's rule of five and ADMET properties. The drug-like compounds were further refined by molecular docking simulation using GOLD program based on the GOLD fitness score, mode of binding, and molecular interactions with the active site amino acids. Finally, three hits of novel scaffolds were selected as potential leads to be used in novel and potent hCEase inhibitor design. The stability of binding modes and molecular interactions of these final hits were re-assured by molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini John
- Division of Applied Life Science_(BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC) Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Gazha-dong, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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Crescence L, Beraud E, Sbarra V, Bernard JP, Lombardo D, Mas E. Targeting a novel onco-glycoprotein antigen at tumoral pancreatic cell surface by mAb16D10 induces cell death. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:3386-96. [PMID: 22956586 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The mAb16D10 was raised against a pathological onco-glycoform of bile salt-dependent lipase isolated from the pancreatic juice of a patient suffering from a pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We previously showed that mAb16D10 specifically discriminates human pancreatic tumor tissues from other cancer and nontumor tissues. In this study, we report that mAb16D10 inhibited the proliferation of only human pancreatic tumor cells expressing 16D10 plasma membrane Ag. Interaction of mAb16D10 with its cognate surface Ag on pancreatic cells promoted cell death by activation of the p53- and caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway, and silencing of p53 decreased cell death. The decreased proliferation was also partly due to cell cycle arrest in G1/S phase, mAb16D10 triggering of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activation, degradation of β-catenin, and decreased expression of cyclin D1. GSK-3β positively affected p53 expression in pancreatic tumor cells after mAb16D10 binding. Inhibition of GSK-3β activity reversed the effects induced by mAb16D10 in SOJ-6 cells, supporting the pivotal role of GSK-3β signaling in the mechanisms of action induced by mAb16D10. Also, mAb16D10 cell treatment led to membrane overexpression of E-cadherin. Both E-cadherin and tumor Ag were localized in membrane lipid cholesterol-rich microdomains and are thought to belong to signaling platforms involved in the induction of cell cycle arrest and cell death. Overall, this study reveals that mAb16D10 holds great potential to prevent pancreatic tumor proliferation by apoptotic cell death, thus promising therapeutic prospects for treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, a highly lethal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Crescence
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, F-13005, Marseille, France
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Johansson BB, Torsvik J, Bjørkhaug L, Vesterhus M, Ragvin A, Tjora E, Fjeld K, Hoem D, Johansson S, Ræder H, Lindquist S, Hernell O, Cnop M, Saraste J, Flatmark T, Molven A, Njølstad PR. Diabetes and pancreatic exocrine dysfunction due to mutations in the carboxyl ester lipase gene-maturity onset diabetes of the young (CEL-MODY): a protein misfolding disease. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:34593-605. [PMID: 21784842 PMCID: PMC3186416 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.222679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CEL-maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), diabetes with pancreatic lipomatosis and exocrine dysfunction, is due to dominant frameshift mutations in the acinar cell carboxyl ester lipase gene (CEL). As Cel knock-out mice do not express the phenotype and the mutant protein has an altered and intrinsically disordered tandem repeat domain, we hypothesized that the disease mechanism might involve a negative effect of the mutant protein. In silico analysis showed that the pI of the tandem repeat was markedly increased from pH 3.3 in wild-type (WT) to 11.8 in mutant (MUT) human CEL. By stably overexpressing CEL-WT and CEL-MUT in HEK293 cells, we found similar glycosylation, ubiquitination, constitutive secretion, and quality control of the two proteins. The CEL-MUT protein demonstrated, however, a high propensity to form aggregates found intracellularly and extracellularly. Different physicochemical properties of the intrinsically disordered tandem repeat domains of WT and MUT proteins may contribute to different short and long range interactions with the globular core domain and other macromolecules, including cell membranes. Thus, we propose that CEL-MODY is a protein misfolding disease caused by a negative gain-of-function effect of the mutant proteins in pancreatic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente B. Johansson
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
- the Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Janniche Torsvik
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
- the Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Bjørkhaug
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
- the Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Mette Vesterhus
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
- the Departments of Pediatrics and
| | - Anja Ragvin
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
- the Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Erling Tjora
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
- the Departments of Pediatrics and
| | - Karianne Fjeld
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
- the Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Dag Hoem
- Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
- the Section for Pathology, the Gade Institute, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefan Johansson
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
- the Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Helge Ræder
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
- the Departments of Pediatrics and
| | - Susanne Lindquist
- the Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olle Hernell
- the Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Miriam Cnop
- the Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jaakko Saraste
- the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway, and
| | - Torgeir Flatmark
- the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway, and
| | - Anders Molven
- the Section for Pathology, the Gade Institute, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
- the Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål R. Njølstad
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
- the Departments of Pediatrics and
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Long JZ, Cravatt BF. The metabolic serine hydrolases and their functions in mammalian physiology and disease. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6022-63. [PMID: 21696217 DOI: 10.1021/cr200075y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Z Long
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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John S, Thangapandian S, Sakkiah S, Lee KW. Discovery of potential pancreatic cholesterol esterase inhibitors using pharmacophore modelling, virtual screening, and optimization studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 26:535-45. [PMID: 21143043 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2010.535795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini John
- Department of Biochemistry and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center (EB-NCRC), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sundarapandian Thangapandian
- Department of Biochemistry and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center (EB-NCRC), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sugunadevi Sakkiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center (EB-NCRC), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Woo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center (EB-NCRC), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Borta H, Aroso M, Rinn C, Gomez-Lazaro M, Vitorino R, Zeuschner D, Grabenbauer M, Amado F, Schrader M. Analysis of low abundance membrane-associated proteins from rat pancreatic zymogen granules. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:4927-39. [PMID: 20707389 DOI: 10.1021/pr100052q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Zymogen granules (ZG) are specialized storage organelles in the exocrine pancreas that allow the sorting, packaging, and regulated apical secretion of digestive enzymes. As there is a critical need for further understanding of the key processes in regulated secretion to develop new therapeutic options in medicine, we applied a suborganellar proteomics approach to identify peripheral membrane-associated ZG proteins. We focused on the analysis of a "basic" group (pH range 6.2-11) with about 46 spots among which 44 were identified by tandem mass spectrometry. These spots corresponded to 16 unique proteins, including rat mast cell chymase (RMCP-1) and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B (PpiB; cyclophilin B), an ER-resident protein. To confirm that these proteins were specific to zymogen granules and not contaminants of the preparation, we conducted a series of validation experiments. Immunoblotting of ZG subfractions revealed that chymase and PpiB behaved like bona fide peripheral membrane proteins. Their expression in rat pancreas was regulated by feeding behavior. Ultrastructural and immunofluorescence studies confirmed their ZG localization. Furthermore, a chymase-YFP fusion protein was properly targeted to ZG in pancreatic AR42J cells. Interestingly, for both proteins, proteoglycan-binding properties have been reported. The importance of our findings for sorting and packaging during ZG formation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Borta
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps University of Marburg, Robert Koch Strasse 6, Marburg, Germany
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Vesterhus M, Ræder H, Kurpad AJ, Kawamori D, Molven A, Kulkarni RN, Kahn CR, Njølstad PR. Pancreatic function in carboxyl-ester lipase knockout mice. Pancreatology 2010; 10:467-76. [PMID: 20720448 PMCID: PMC2968766 DOI: 10.1159/000266284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS CEL-MODY is a monogenic form of diabetes and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency due to mutations in the carboxyl-ester lipase (CEL) gene. We aimed to investigate endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function in CEL knockout mice (CELKO). METHODS A knockout mouse model with global targeted deletion of CEL was investigated physiologically and histopathologically, and compared to littermate control CEL+/+ mice at 7 and 12 months on normal chow and high-fat diets (HFD), i.e. 42 and 60% fat by calories. RESULTS CELKO+/+ and -/- mice showed normal growth and development and normal glucose metabolism on a chow diet. Female CEL-/- mice on 60% HFD, on the other hand, had increased random blood glucose compared to littermate controls (p = 0.02), and this was accompanied by a reduction in glucose tolerance that did not reach statistical significance. In these mice there was also islet hyperplasia, however, α- and β-islet cells appeared morphologically normal and pancreatic exocrine function was also normal. CONCLUSION Although we observed mild glucose intolerance in female mice with whole-body knockout of CEL, the full phenotype of human CEL-MODY was not reproduced, suggesting that the pathogenic mechanisms involved are more complex than a simple loss of CEL function. and IAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Vesterhus
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,Department of Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway,Section on Obesity, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA
| | - Helge Ræder
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,Department of Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway,Section on Obesity, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA
| | - Amarnath J. Kurpad
- Section on Cell and Molecular Physiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA
| | - Dan Kawamori
- Section on Cell and Molecular Physiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA
| | - Anders Molven
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,The Gade Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Section on Cell and Molecular Physiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA
| | - C. Ronald Kahn
- Section on Obesity, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA
| | - Pål Rasmus Njølstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,Department of Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway,Section on Obesity, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA,*Prof. Pål Rasmus Njølstad, MD, PhD, Section for Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen NO–5020 Bergen (Norway), Tel. +47 5597 5200, Fax +47 5597 5159, E-Mail
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Li GG, Liang XF, Xie Q, Li G, Yu Y, Lai K. Gene structure, recombinant expression and functional characterization of grass carp leptin. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2010; 166:117-27. [PMID: 19857495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 10/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is an important hormone for the regulation of food intake, energy expenditure and reproduction in mammals, but information regarding its role in teleosts remains scant. In the present study, the gene structures of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) leptins were characterized. Recombinant grass carp leptin (rgc-LEP) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified, and identified by mass spectrometric analysis. A strong anorexic effect on food intake was observed in grass carp on the first day after intraperitoneal (IP) injection of rgc-LEP, but not during the following days. Body weight of the leptin group (LEP group) and the pair-fed group (PF group) showed no difference throughout the experimental period. The acute and chronic effects on the expression of key genes correlating to food intake, energy expenditure, lipid metabolism and digestion were further characterized by real-time PCR. Accordingly, the mRNA levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY), Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were significantly reduced whereas the mRNA levels of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), bile salt-activated lipase (BSAL) and fatty acid elongase (ELO) were significantly elevated on the first day after injection. No effect on the expression of these genes (except LPL) was observed on day 13. In contrast to the down-regulation by exogenous leptin in mammals, the mRNA level of grass carp leptin was elevated 5.76-fold on the first day after rgc-LEP treatment. Our results suggest that leptin has an acute effect on the regulation of food intake, energy expenditure and lipid metabolism in grass carp, but the effect can be rapidly counteracted through mechanisms that are currently unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Gui Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Mutations in the VNTR of the carboxyl-ester lipase gene (CEL) are a rare cause of monogenic diabetes. Hum Genet 2009; 127:55-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Benkoël L, Bernard JP, Payan-Defais MJ, Crescence L, Franceschi C, Delmas M, Ouaissi M, Sastre B, Sahel J, Benoliel AM, Bongrand P, Silvy F, Gauthier L, Romagné F, Lombardo D, Mas E. Monoclonal antibody 16D10 to the COOH-terminal domain of the feto-acinar pancreatic protein targets pancreatic neoplastic tissues. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:282-91. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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