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Gore L, Kearns PR, de Martino ML, Lee, De Souza CA, Bertrand Y, Hijiya N, Stork LC, Chung NG, Cardos RC, Saikia T, Fagioli F, Seo JJ, Landman-Parker J, Lancaster D, Place AE, Rabin KR, Sacchi M, Swanink R, Zwaan CM. Dasatinib in Pediatric Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Chronic Phase: Results From a Phase II Trial. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:1330-1338. [PMID: 29498925 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.75.9597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Safe, effective treatments are needed for pediatric patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP). Dasatinib is approved for treatment of adults and children with CML-CP. A phase I study determined suitable dosing for children with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) leukemias. Methods CA180-226/NCT00777036 is a phase II, open-label, nonrandomized prospective trial of patients < 18 years of age receiving dasatinib. There are three cohorts: (1) imatinib-resistant/intolerant CML-CP, (2) imatinib-resistant/intolerant CML in accelerated/blast phase or Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 17), and (3) newly diagnosed CML-CP treated with tablets or powder for oral suspension. Major cytogenetic response > 30% for imatinib-resistant/intolerant patients and complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) > 55% for newly diagnosed patients were of clinical interest. Results Of 113 patients with CML-CP, 14 (48%) who were imatinib-resistant/intolerant and 61 (73%) who were newly diagnosed remained on treatment at time of analysis. Major cytogenetic response > 30% was reached by 3 months in the imatinib-resistant/intolerant group and CCyR > 55% was reached by 6 months in the newly diagnosed CML-CP group. CCyR and major molecular response by 12 months, respectively, were 76% and 41% in the imatinib-resistant/intolerant group and 92% and 52% in newly diagnosed CML-CP group. Progression-free survival by 48 months was 78% and 93% in the imatinib-resistant/intolerant and newly diagnosed CML-CP groups, respectively. No dasatinib-related pleural or pericardial effusion, pulmonary edema, or pulmonary arterial hypertension were reported. Bone growth and development events were reported in 4% of patients. Conclusion In the largest prospective trial to date in children with CML-CP, we demonstrate that dasatinib is a safe, effective treatment of pediatric CML-CP. Target responses to first- or second-line dasatinib were met early, and deep molecular responses were observed. Safety of dasatinib in pediatric patients was similar to that observed in adults; however, no cases of pleural or pericardial effusion or pulmonary arterial hypertension were reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Gore
- Lia Gore, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Pamela R. Kearns, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands; Donna Lancaster, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom; Maria Lucia de Martino Lee, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer; Carmino Antonio De Souza, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Yves Bertrand, L'Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France; Nobuko Hijiya, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Linda C. Stork, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Nack-Gyun Chung, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Jong Jin Seo, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Rocio Cardenas Cardos, Instituto Nacional De Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico; Tapan Saikia, Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, India; Franca Fagioli, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy; Judith Landman-Parker, Hôpital Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Andrew E. Place, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Karen R. Rabin, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Mariana Sacchi and Rene Swanink, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; C. Michel Zwaan, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Pamela R. Kearns and C. Michel Zwaan, Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer Consortium, European Union
| | - Pamela R Kearns
- Lia Gore, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Pamela R. Kearns, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands; Donna Lancaster, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom; Maria Lucia de Martino Lee, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer; Carmino Antonio De Souza, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Yves Bertrand, L'Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France; Nobuko Hijiya, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Linda C. Stork, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Nack-Gyun Chung, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Jong Jin Seo, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Rocio Cardenas Cardos, Instituto Nacional De Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico; Tapan Saikia, Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, India; Franca Fagioli, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy; Judith Landman-Parker, Hôpital Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Andrew E. Place, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Karen R. Rabin, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Mariana Sacchi and Rene Swanink, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; C. Michel Zwaan, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Pamela R. Kearns and C. Michel Zwaan, Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer Consortium, European Union
| | - Maria Lucia de Martino
- Lia Gore, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Pamela R. Kearns, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands; Donna Lancaster, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom; Maria Lucia de Martino Lee, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer; Carmino Antonio De Souza, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Yves Bertrand, L'Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France; Nobuko Hijiya, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Linda C. Stork, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Nack-Gyun Chung, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Jong Jin Seo, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Rocio Cardenas Cardos, Instituto Nacional De Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico; Tapan Saikia, Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, India; Franca Fagioli, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy; Judith Landman-Parker, Hôpital Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Andrew E. Place, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Karen R. Rabin, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Mariana Sacchi and Rene Swanink, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; C. Michel Zwaan, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Pamela R. Kearns and C. Michel Zwaan, Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer Consortium, European Union
| | - Lee
- Lia Gore, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Pamela R. Kearns, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands; Donna Lancaster, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom; Maria Lucia de Martino Lee, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer; Carmino Antonio De Souza, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Yves Bertrand, L'Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France; Nobuko Hijiya, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Linda C. Stork, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Nack-Gyun Chung, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Jong Jin Seo, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Rocio Cardenas Cardos, Instituto Nacional De Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico; Tapan Saikia, Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, India; Franca Fagioli, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy; Judith Landman-Parker, Hôpital Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Andrew E. Place, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Karen R. Rabin, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Mariana Sacchi and Rene Swanink, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; C. Michel Zwaan, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Pamela R. Kearns and C. Michel Zwaan, Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer Consortium, European Union
| | - Carmino Antonio De Souza
- Lia Gore, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Pamela R. Kearns, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands; Donna Lancaster, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom; Maria Lucia de Martino Lee, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer; Carmino Antonio De Souza, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Yves Bertrand, L'Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France; Nobuko Hijiya, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Linda C. Stork, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Nack-Gyun Chung, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Jong Jin Seo, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Rocio Cardenas Cardos, Instituto Nacional De Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico; Tapan Saikia, Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, India; Franca Fagioli, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy; Judith Landman-Parker, Hôpital Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Andrew E. Place, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Karen R. Rabin, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Mariana Sacchi and Rene Swanink, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; C. Michel Zwaan, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Pamela R. Kearns and C. Michel Zwaan, Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer Consortium, European Union
| | - Yves Bertrand
- Lia Gore, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Pamela R. Kearns, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands; Donna Lancaster, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom; Maria Lucia de Martino Lee, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer; Carmino Antonio De Souza, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Yves Bertrand, L'Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France; Nobuko Hijiya, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Linda C. Stork, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Nack-Gyun Chung, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Jong Jin Seo, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Rocio Cardenas Cardos, Instituto Nacional De Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico; Tapan Saikia, Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, India; Franca Fagioli, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy; Judith Landman-Parker, Hôpital Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Andrew E. Place, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Karen R. Rabin, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Mariana Sacchi and Rene Swanink, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; C. Michel Zwaan, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Pamela R. Kearns and C. Michel Zwaan, Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer Consortium, European Union
| | - Nobuko Hijiya
- Lia Gore, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Pamela R. Kearns, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands; Donna Lancaster, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom; Maria Lucia de Martino Lee, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer; Carmino Antonio De Souza, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Yves Bertrand, L'Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France; Nobuko Hijiya, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Linda C. Stork, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Nack-Gyun Chung, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Jong Jin Seo, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Rocio Cardenas Cardos, Instituto Nacional De Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico; Tapan Saikia, Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, India; Franca Fagioli, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy; Judith Landman-Parker, Hôpital Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Andrew E. Place, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Karen R. Rabin, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Mariana Sacchi and Rene Swanink, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; C. Michel Zwaan, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Pamela R. Kearns and C. Michel Zwaan, Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer Consortium, European Union
| | - Linda C Stork
- Lia Gore, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Pamela R. Kearns, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands; Donna Lancaster, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom; Maria Lucia de Martino Lee, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer; Carmino Antonio De Souza, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Yves Bertrand, L'Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France; Nobuko Hijiya, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Linda C. Stork, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Nack-Gyun Chung, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Jong Jin Seo, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Rocio Cardenas Cardos, Instituto Nacional De Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico; Tapan Saikia, Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, India; Franca Fagioli, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy; Judith Landman-Parker, Hôpital Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Andrew E. Place, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Karen R. Rabin, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Mariana Sacchi and Rene Swanink, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; C. Michel Zwaan, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Pamela R. Kearns and C. Michel Zwaan, Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer Consortium, European Union
| | - Nack-Gyun Chung
- Lia Gore, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Pamela R. Kearns, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands; Donna Lancaster, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom; Maria Lucia de Martino Lee, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer; Carmino Antonio De Souza, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Yves Bertrand, L'Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France; Nobuko Hijiya, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Linda C. Stork, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Nack-Gyun Chung, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Jong Jin Seo, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Rocio Cardenas Cardos, Instituto Nacional De Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico; Tapan Saikia, Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, India; Franca Fagioli, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy; Judith Landman-Parker, Hôpital Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Andrew E. Place, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Karen R. Rabin, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Mariana Sacchi and Rene Swanink, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; C. Michel Zwaan, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Pamela R. Kearns and C. Michel Zwaan, Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer Consortium, European Union
| | - Rocio Cardenas Cardos
- Lia Gore, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Pamela R. Kearns, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands; Donna Lancaster, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom; Maria Lucia de Martino Lee, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer; Carmino Antonio De Souza, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Yves Bertrand, L'Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France; Nobuko Hijiya, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Linda C. Stork, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Nack-Gyun Chung, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Jong Jin Seo, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Rocio Cardenas Cardos, Instituto Nacional De Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico; Tapan Saikia, Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, India; Franca Fagioli, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy; Judith Landman-Parker, Hôpital Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Andrew E. Place, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Karen R. Rabin, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Mariana Sacchi and Rene Swanink, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; C. Michel Zwaan, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Pamela R. Kearns and C. Michel Zwaan, Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer Consortium, European Union
| | - Tapan Saikia
- Lia Gore, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Pamela R. Kearns, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands; Donna Lancaster, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom; Maria Lucia de Martino Lee, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer; Carmino Antonio De Souza, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Yves Bertrand, L'Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France; Nobuko Hijiya, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Linda C. Stork, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Nack-Gyun Chung, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Jong Jin Seo, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Rocio Cardenas Cardos, Instituto Nacional De Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico; Tapan Saikia, Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, India; Franca Fagioli, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy; Judith Landman-Parker, Hôpital Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Andrew E. Place, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Karen R. Rabin, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Mariana Sacchi and Rene Swanink, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; C. Michel Zwaan, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Pamela R. Kearns and C. Michel Zwaan, Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer Consortium, European Union
| | - Franca Fagioli
- Lia Gore, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Pamela R. Kearns, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands; Donna Lancaster, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom; Maria Lucia de Martino Lee, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer; Carmino Antonio De Souza, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Yves Bertrand, L'Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France; Nobuko Hijiya, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Linda C. Stork, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Nack-Gyun Chung, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Jong Jin Seo, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Rocio Cardenas Cardos, Instituto Nacional De Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico; Tapan Saikia, Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, India; Franca Fagioli, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy; Judith Landman-Parker, Hôpital Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Andrew E. Place, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Karen R. Rabin, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Mariana Sacchi and Rene Swanink, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; C. Michel Zwaan, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Pamela R. Kearns and C. Michel Zwaan, Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer Consortium, European Union
| | - Jong Jin Seo
- Lia Gore, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Pamela R. Kearns, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands; Donna Lancaster, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom; Maria Lucia de Martino Lee, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer; Carmino Antonio De Souza, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Yves Bertrand, L'Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France; Nobuko Hijiya, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Linda C. Stork, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Nack-Gyun Chung, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Jong Jin Seo, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Rocio Cardenas Cardos, Instituto Nacional De Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico; Tapan Saikia, Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, India; Franca Fagioli, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy; Judith Landman-Parker, Hôpital Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Andrew E. Place, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Karen R. Rabin, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Mariana Sacchi and Rene Swanink, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; C. Michel Zwaan, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Pamela R. Kearns and C. Michel Zwaan, Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer Consortium, European Union
| | - Judith Landman-Parker
- Lia Gore, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Pamela R. Kearns, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands; Donna Lancaster, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom; Maria Lucia de Martino Lee, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer; Carmino Antonio De Souza, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Yves Bertrand, L'Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France; Nobuko Hijiya, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Linda C. Stork, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Nack-Gyun Chung, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Jong Jin Seo, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Rocio Cardenas Cardos, Instituto Nacional De Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico; Tapan Saikia, Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, India; Franca Fagioli, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy; Judith Landman-Parker, Hôpital Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Andrew E. Place, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Karen R. Rabin, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Mariana Sacchi and Rene Swanink, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; C. Michel Zwaan, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Pamela R. Kearns and C. Michel Zwaan, Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer Consortium, European Union
| | - Donna Lancaster
- Lia Gore, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Pamela R. Kearns, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands; Donna Lancaster, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom; Maria Lucia de Martino Lee, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer; Carmino Antonio De Souza, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Yves Bertrand, L'Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France; Nobuko Hijiya, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Linda C. Stork, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Nack-Gyun Chung, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Jong Jin Seo, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Rocio Cardenas Cardos, Instituto Nacional De Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico; Tapan Saikia, Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, India; Franca Fagioli, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy; Judith Landman-Parker, Hôpital Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Andrew E. Place, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Karen R. Rabin, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Mariana Sacchi and Rene Swanink, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; C. Michel Zwaan, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Pamela R. Kearns and C. Michel Zwaan, Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer Consortium, European Union
| | - Andrew E Place
- Lia Gore, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Pamela R. Kearns, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands; Donna Lancaster, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom; Maria Lucia de Martino Lee, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer; Carmino Antonio De Souza, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Yves Bertrand, L'Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France; Nobuko Hijiya, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Linda C. Stork, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Nack-Gyun Chung, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Jong Jin Seo, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Rocio Cardenas Cardos, Instituto Nacional De Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico; Tapan Saikia, Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, India; Franca Fagioli, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy; Judith Landman-Parker, Hôpital Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Andrew E. Place, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Karen R. Rabin, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Mariana Sacchi and Rene Swanink, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; C. Michel Zwaan, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Pamela R. Kearns and C. Michel Zwaan, Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer Consortium, European Union
| | - Karen R Rabin
- Lia Gore, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Pamela R. Kearns, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands; Donna Lancaster, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom; Maria Lucia de Martino Lee, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer; Carmino Antonio De Souza, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Yves Bertrand, L'Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France; Nobuko Hijiya, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Linda C. Stork, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Nack-Gyun Chung, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Jong Jin Seo, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Rocio Cardenas Cardos, Instituto Nacional De Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico; Tapan Saikia, Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, India; Franca Fagioli, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy; Judith Landman-Parker, Hôpital Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Andrew E. Place, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Karen R. Rabin, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Mariana Sacchi and Rene Swanink, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; C. Michel Zwaan, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Pamela R. Kearns and C. Michel Zwaan, Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer Consortium, European Union
| | - Mariana Sacchi
- Lia Gore, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Pamela R. Kearns, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands; Donna Lancaster, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom; Maria Lucia de Martino Lee, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer; Carmino Antonio De Souza, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Yves Bertrand, L'Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France; Nobuko Hijiya, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Linda C. Stork, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Nack-Gyun Chung, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Jong Jin Seo, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Rocio Cardenas Cardos, Instituto Nacional De Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico; Tapan Saikia, Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, India; Franca Fagioli, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy; Judith Landman-Parker, Hôpital Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Andrew E. Place, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Karen R. Rabin, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Mariana Sacchi and Rene Swanink, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; C. Michel Zwaan, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Pamela R. Kearns and C. Michel Zwaan, Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer Consortium, European Union
| | - Rene Swanink
- Lia Gore, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Pamela R. Kearns, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands; Donna Lancaster, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom; Maria Lucia de Martino Lee, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer; Carmino Antonio De Souza, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Yves Bertrand, L'Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France; Nobuko Hijiya, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Linda C. Stork, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Nack-Gyun Chung, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Jong Jin Seo, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Rocio Cardenas Cardos, Instituto Nacional De Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico; Tapan Saikia, Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, India; Franca Fagioli, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy; Judith Landman-Parker, Hôpital Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Andrew E. Place, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Karen R. Rabin, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Mariana Sacchi and Rene Swanink, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; C. Michel Zwaan, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Pamela R. Kearns and C. Michel Zwaan, Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer Consortium, European Union
| | - C Michel Zwaan
- Lia Gore, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Pamela R. Kearns, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands; Donna Lancaster, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom; Maria Lucia de Martino Lee, Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer; Carmino Antonio De Souza, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Yves Bertrand, L'Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France; Nobuko Hijiya, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Linda C. Stork, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Nack-Gyun Chung, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Jong Jin Seo, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Rocio Cardenas Cardos, Instituto Nacional De Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico; Tapan Saikia, Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, India; Franca Fagioli, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy; Judith Landman-Parker, Hôpital Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; Andrew E. Place, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Karen R. Rabin, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Mariana Sacchi and Rene Swanink, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; C. Michel Zwaan, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Pamela R. Kearns and C. Michel Zwaan, Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer Consortium, European Union
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10
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Gore L, Ivy SP, Balis FM, Rubin E, Thornton K, Donoghue M, Roberts S, Bruinooge S, Ersek J, Goodman N, Schenkel C, Reaman G. Modernizing Clinical Trial Eligibility: Recommendations of the American Society of Clinical Oncology-Friends of Cancer Research Minimum Age Working Group. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:3781-3787. [PMID: 28968169 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.74.4144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Children have historically been excluded from first-in-human studies of promising new cancer drugs and later phase adult clinical trials. Delays in evaluation may result in off-label use without dosing information as the only access to new drugs. A multistakeholder workshop was convened in May 2016 by ASCO and Friends of Cancer Research to identify opportunities for when it would be scientifically appropriate to expand trial eligibility to include children younger than age 18 years in first-in-human and other adult cancer clinical trials. Methods This group convened experts from academia, government, and industry to review barriers to enrolling children and adolescents in oncology clinical trials. We evaluated the historical context, published literature, regulatory considerations, and myriad risks and benefits associated with lowering the age of enrollment on oncology clinical trials. Results We conclude that many of the historical concerns about including children early in oncology clinical trials do not apply in the current scientific and clinical environment of pediatric oncology and drug development; we provide specific recommendations for how the inclusion of children in early-phase investigational cancer drug trials might be accomplished. Automatic inclusion of pediatric patients is appropriate in early-phase trials that assess dose, safety, and pharmacokinetics in a variety of tumor types and later phase trials that assess efficacy in a specific disease that spans adult and pediatric populations. Conclusion Including children in appropriately designed adult clinical oncology trials is feasible and can be done in a way that enhances their access to these agents without compromising safety or development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Gore
- Lia Gore, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; S. Percy Ivy, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Martha Donoghue and Gregory Reaman, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD; Frank M. Balis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Eric Rubin, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ; Katherine Thornton, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Samantha Roberts, Friends of Cancer Research and Genentech; Nancy Goodman, Kids v Cancer, Washington, DC; Suanna Bruinooge and Caroline Schenkel, ASCO, Alexandria, VA; and Jennifer Ersek, Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC
| | - S Percy Ivy
- Lia Gore, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; S. Percy Ivy, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Martha Donoghue and Gregory Reaman, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD; Frank M. Balis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Eric Rubin, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ; Katherine Thornton, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Samantha Roberts, Friends of Cancer Research and Genentech; Nancy Goodman, Kids v Cancer, Washington, DC; Suanna Bruinooge and Caroline Schenkel, ASCO, Alexandria, VA; and Jennifer Ersek, Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC
| | - Frank M Balis
- Lia Gore, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; S. Percy Ivy, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Martha Donoghue and Gregory Reaman, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD; Frank M. Balis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Eric Rubin, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ; Katherine Thornton, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Samantha Roberts, Friends of Cancer Research and Genentech; Nancy Goodman, Kids v Cancer, Washington, DC; Suanna Bruinooge and Caroline Schenkel, ASCO, Alexandria, VA; and Jennifer Ersek, Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC
| | - Eric Rubin
- Lia Gore, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; S. Percy Ivy, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Martha Donoghue and Gregory Reaman, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD; Frank M. Balis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Eric Rubin, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ; Katherine Thornton, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Samantha Roberts, Friends of Cancer Research and Genentech; Nancy Goodman, Kids v Cancer, Washington, DC; Suanna Bruinooge and Caroline Schenkel, ASCO, Alexandria, VA; and Jennifer Ersek, Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC
| | - Katherine Thornton
- Lia Gore, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; S. Percy Ivy, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Martha Donoghue and Gregory Reaman, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD; Frank M. Balis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Eric Rubin, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ; Katherine Thornton, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Samantha Roberts, Friends of Cancer Research and Genentech; Nancy Goodman, Kids v Cancer, Washington, DC; Suanna Bruinooge and Caroline Schenkel, ASCO, Alexandria, VA; and Jennifer Ersek, Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC
| | - Martha Donoghue
- Lia Gore, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; S. Percy Ivy, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Martha Donoghue and Gregory Reaman, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD; Frank M. Balis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Eric Rubin, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ; Katherine Thornton, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Samantha Roberts, Friends of Cancer Research and Genentech; Nancy Goodman, Kids v Cancer, Washington, DC; Suanna Bruinooge and Caroline Schenkel, ASCO, Alexandria, VA; and Jennifer Ersek, Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC
| | - Samantha Roberts
- Lia Gore, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; S. Percy Ivy, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Martha Donoghue and Gregory Reaman, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD; Frank M. Balis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Eric Rubin, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ; Katherine Thornton, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Samantha Roberts, Friends of Cancer Research and Genentech; Nancy Goodman, Kids v Cancer, Washington, DC; Suanna Bruinooge and Caroline Schenkel, ASCO, Alexandria, VA; and Jennifer Ersek, Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC
| | - Suanna Bruinooge
- Lia Gore, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; S. Percy Ivy, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Martha Donoghue and Gregory Reaman, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD; Frank M. Balis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Eric Rubin, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ; Katherine Thornton, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Samantha Roberts, Friends of Cancer Research and Genentech; Nancy Goodman, Kids v Cancer, Washington, DC; Suanna Bruinooge and Caroline Schenkel, ASCO, Alexandria, VA; and Jennifer Ersek, Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC
| | - Jennifer Ersek
- Lia Gore, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; S. Percy Ivy, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Martha Donoghue and Gregory Reaman, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD; Frank M. Balis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Eric Rubin, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ; Katherine Thornton, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Samantha Roberts, Friends of Cancer Research and Genentech; Nancy Goodman, Kids v Cancer, Washington, DC; Suanna Bruinooge and Caroline Schenkel, ASCO, Alexandria, VA; and Jennifer Ersek, Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC
| | - Nancy Goodman
- Lia Gore, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; S. Percy Ivy, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Martha Donoghue and Gregory Reaman, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD; Frank M. Balis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Eric Rubin, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ; Katherine Thornton, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Samantha Roberts, Friends of Cancer Research and Genentech; Nancy Goodman, Kids v Cancer, Washington, DC; Suanna Bruinooge and Caroline Schenkel, ASCO, Alexandria, VA; and Jennifer Ersek, Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC
| | - Caroline Schenkel
- Lia Gore, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; S. Percy Ivy, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Martha Donoghue and Gregory Reaman, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD; Frank M. Balis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Eric Rubin, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ; Katherine Thornton, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Samantha Roberts, Friends of Cancer Research and Genentech; Nancy Goodman, Kids v Cancer, Washington, DC; Suanna Bruinooge and Caroline Schenkel, ASCO, Alexandria, VA; and Jennifer Ersek, Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC
| | - Gregory Reaman
- Lia Gore, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; S. Percy Ivy, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Martha Donoghue and Gregory Reaman, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD; Frank M. Balis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Eric Rubin, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ; Katherine Thornton, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Samantha Roberts, Friends of Cancer Research and Genentech; Nancy Goodman, Kids v Cancer, Washington, DC; Suanna Bruinooge and Caroline Schenkel, ASCO, Alexandria, VA; and Jennifer Ersek, Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC
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